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Space, Language and Identity Politics in Higher Education 高等教育中的空间、语言与身份政治
Pub Date : 2019-09-17 DOI: 10.24085/jsaa.v7i1.3688
Philippa Tumubweinee, T. Luescher
As a way of introducing the theme tackled by this guest-edited issue of the Journal of Student Affairs in Africa (JSAA), it is worthwhile to pose a question, albeit a rhetorical one: Why would a journal dedicated to theoretical, practical and reflective contributions on student affairs entertain a special issue on space, language and identity politics in higher education? An answer to this may be found in an exposition by Benedict Anderson (2006) in Imagined Communities. Anderson argues: Communities are to be distinguished, not by their falsity/genuineness, but by the style in which they are imagined. (Anderson, 2006, p. 7)
作为介绍本期《非洲学生事务杂志》(JSAA)嘉宾编辑的主题的一种方式,我们有必要提出一个问题,尽管是一个修辞性的问题:为什么一本致力于学生事务理论、实践和反思贡献的杂志会在高等教育中专门讨论空间、语言和身份政治?本尼迪克特·安德森(Benedict Anderson, 2006)在《想象的共同体》(Imagined Communities)一书中阐述了这个问题。安德森认为:社区的区别,不是因为它们的虚假或真实,而是因为它们被想象的方式。(安德森,2006年,第7页)
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引用次数: 1
Theorising the #MustFall Student Movements in Contemporary South African Higher Education: A Social Justice Perspective 当代南非高等教育#必须下台学生运动的理论化:社会正义视角
Pub Date : 2019-09-17 DOI: 10.24085/jsaa.v7i1.3693
M. Hlatshwayo, K. Fomunyam
A significant amount of literature on student movement within the South African Higher Education (SAHE) landscape has often been characterised by two limitations. Firstly, a significant amount of this literature is found in un‑academic and non‑peer‑reviewed sources, such as social media, online newspapers, blog posts and other platforms. Secondly, some of this literature is often characterised by an absence of theory in offering us critical analysis at the emergent conditions of the student movement as a phenomenon within the SAHE. In this article, we respond to the above gaps by contributing to the scholarly development and critical analysis of the student movement in SAHE. In order to respond to the above two gaps, we firstly provide a brief historical and contextual environment that has contributed to the emergence of the student movement phenomenon in SAHE. Secondly, we introduce Nancy Fraser’s social justice perspective, in offering us the theoretical and conceptual tools we need to look at the struggles and challenges that confront student movements, focusing in particular on the challenges that frustrate them in relating and interacting as peers on an equal footing in society. Using Fraser’s social justice framework to look at the #MustFall movements will allow us to better understand them as complex phenomena within the SAHE and allow us to properly understand their emergence.
在南非高等教育(SAHE)景观中,大量关于学生运动的文献通常具有两个局限性。首先,大量的文献来自非学术和非同行评议的来源,如社交媒体、在线报纸、博客文章和其他平台。其次,这些文献中的一些往往以缺乏理论为特征,在学生运动作为SAHE现象的紧急情况下为我们提供批判性分析。在这篇文章中,我们通过对SAHE学生运动的学术发展和批判性分析来回应上述差距。为了回应上述两个空白,我们首先提供了一个简短的历史和语境环境,有助于在上海高等学校学生运动现象的出现。其次,我们介绍了南希·弗雷泽的社会正义观点,为我们提供了理论和概念工具,我们需要看看学生运动所面临的斗争和挑战,特别是关注那些阻碍他们在平等的社会基础上相互联系和互动的挑战。使用弗雷泽的社会正义框架来看待#MustFall运动将使我们更好地理解它们是SAHE内部的复杂现象,并使我们能够正确理解它们的出现。
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引用次数: 14
The Kgotla as a Spatial Mediator on South African University Campuses Kgotla作为南非大学校园的空间中介
Pub Date : 2019-09-17 DOI: 10.24085/jsaa.v7i1.3691
J. Laubscher
Higher education in South Africa is experiencing a time of accelerated change, increasing complexity, contested knowledge claims and inevitable uncertainty. Academia, and by proxy the place which accommodates the academic function, stand central to this debate. The need for a decolonised curriculum on the African continent dates back to the inauguration of the Association of African Universities (AAU) in 1967. The AAU called for the adherence to world academic standards in the service of Africa and its people. The #FeesMustFall (#FMF) movement placed renewed prominence on the necessity of a curriculum that includes Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS). In spatial terms, the Kgotla forms part of the IKS. The Kgotla represents both a meaningful place and a system of communication. The spatial construct surrounding the #FMF movement lacks interrogation and debate. This article highlights the requirement of a meaningful place on South African university campuses where different voices can be heard. The importance of place is analysed at the hand of two #FMF events. Firstly, the Principal of the University of the Witwatersrand (WITS) sitting down to meet with disgruntled students. Secondly, the President of South Africa leaving protestors in wait on the southern terrace of the Union Buildings. This article concludes by stating the need for a place on South African university campuses to address the complex issues facing not only students but society at large.
南非的高等教育正在经历一个加速变化、日益复杂、知识主张有争议和不可避免的不确定性的时代。学术界,以及由其代理的容纳学术功能的地方,是这场辩论的中心。非洲大陆对非殖民化课程的需求可以追溯到1967年非洲大学协会(AAU)的成立。非盟呼吁在为非洲及其人民服务时遵守世界学术标准。#学费必须下降(#FMF)运动再次强调了纳入土著知识系统(IKS)课程的必要性。在空间上,Kgotla是IKS的一部分。Kgotla既是一个有意义的地方,也是一个交流系统。围绕#FMF运动的空间结构缺乏质疑和辩论。这篇文章强调了南非大学校园需要一个有意义的地方,在那里可以听到不同的声音。在两个FMF事件中分析了地点的重要性。首先,威特沃特斯兰德大学(WITS)校长坐下来会见不满的学生。第二,南非总统离开了在联合大厦南露台等候的抗议者。本文最后指出,南非大学校园需要一个地方来解决不仅是学生,而且是整个社会面临的复杂问题。
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引用次数: 0
Presenting History: The Manipulation of Chronological Structures in the Development and Maintenance of Transformative Curricula 呈现历史:变革课程发展与维持中时间结构的操纵
Pub Date : 2019-09-17 DOI: 10.24085/jsaa.v7i1.3696
Stephen Steyn
In this article it is argued that, through adjustment of the point of view from which history is taught and theorised in architecture schools, grand narratives of progress can be critiqued and manipulated at a structural level. This could provide more lasting transformative practices than those produced by attempts to subvert such narratives by slotting alternative details into the existing structure.  The restructuring of points of view in history curricula is approached from critiques of two devices through which historical events are considered to be of objective significance: the canon and the timeline. The fundamental definitions and justifications of these devices are briefly unpacked, after which a proposal is made for alternative structures in the production of content for history and theory modules at university level. A brief description of some of the structural teaching and learning devices of studio-based design courses serves to illustrate the diversity of modes of engagement available to managers, teachers and students in the discipline. Some of those devices are then transposed onto more conventional teaching and learning structures in order to test new possibilities for history and theory curricula.  The possible outcomes of a restructuring is briefly illustrated through an example of resulting ‘other timelines’ which are functional at the level of rendering history legible and comprehensible as a subject of study, but which could simultaneously move narratives of progress out of history and into the personal experience of students and tutors.
本文认为,通过调整建筑学校中历史教学和理论化的观点,可以在结构层面上对进步的宏大叙述进行批评和操纵。这可以提供更持久的变革实践,而不是试图通过在现有结构中插入替代细节来颠覆这种叙事。历史课程观点的重构是通过对经典和时间线这两种历史事件被认为具有客观意义的手段的批判来实现的。简要介绍了这些设备的基本定义和理由,然后提出了在大学水平的历史和理论模块的内容生产中的替代结构的建议。对一些基于工作室的设计课程的结构教学设备的简要描述有助于说明该学科中管理人员,教师和学生可用的参与模式的多样性。然后,其中一些设备被转移到更传统的教学结构中,以测试历史和理论课程的新可能性。通过一个由此产生的“其他时间线”的例子,简要说明了重组的可能结果,这些时间线在使历史作为一门研究主题变得清晰易懂的水平上起作用,但同时也可以将进步的叙述从历史中移出,进入学生和导师的个人经历中。
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引用次数: 0
#FeesMustFall Protests in South Africa: A Critical Realist Analysis of Selected Newspaper Articles 南非抗议:对部分报纸文章的批判现实主义分析
Pub Date : 2019-09-17 DOI: 10.24085/jsaa.v7i1.3694
G. Mavunga
Using Critical Realism (CR), this article looks at articles from selected South African newspapers which reported on the #FeesMustFall protests. The study established that, arising from the protests, was a culture characteried by tensions and distrust among stakeholders such as students, university management and the government. This, the article argues, was a result of how each of these stakeholders perceived, and went on to exercise, their agency in an attempt to resolve the conflict arising from the protests. To avert a recurrence of negative consequences of student protests such as the destruction of property and development of toxic and adversarial relationships amongst different stakeholders, the article recommends collaborative approaches to conflict resolution in South African higher education.  These approaches need to be framed differently from those in which some stakeholders seek to use their agency to achieve outright victory over other stakeholders – a recurring mode of engagement during the #FeesMustFall protests.
本文采用批判现实主义(CR),选取南非报纸报导# fee must fall抗议活动的文章。该研究确定,抗议活动产生了一种文化,其特点是学生、大学管理层和政府等利益攸关方之间的紧张和不信任。这篇文章认为,这是这些利益攸关方如何看待并继续行使其代理,以试图解决抗议活动引起的冲突的结果。为了避免学生抗议活动的负面后果再次发生,例如破坏财产和在不同利益相关者之间发展有毒和敌对的关系,文章建议在南非高等教育中采取合作方式解决冲突。这些方法需要不同于某些利益攸关方试图利用其机构彻底战胜其他利益攸关方的做法——这是#学费必须下降#抗议活动期间反复出现的一种参与模式。
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引用次数: 19
What Are We Witnessing? Student Protests and the Politics of the Unknowable 我们在见证什么?学生抗议和不可知的政治
Pub Date : 2019-09-17 DOI: 10.24085/jsaa.v7i1.3690
D. V. Reenen
South African public higher education has been dogged by student protests since 2015. Many of these disruptions raise pertinent issues for the sector, as well as bring about valued awareness and change. Critical scholars have remarked that in every social or political movement, something of pronounced importance is being said – usually emerging from representatives of groups that have been marginalised, subordinated or even muted. In this article, a “logosemantic” theoretical perspective (Visagie, 2006)1 is utilised to determine some driving conceptualisations emerging in the “languaging strategies” (Stewart, Smith & Denton, 2012) of contemporary student movement culture in South Africa. Not discounting significant research that investigates the impact of the digital age on the communication, mobilisation and sustaining of social movements, this article takes a critical look at grounding concepts that may be identified in the discursive formations of the movements. These are taken to be neither new nor unique, either in essence or manifestation. However, the divisions and polarisations they expose, signal an urgent need for some communicative reform in the “imagined community” (Anderson, 2016) of the academy.
自2015年以来,南非公立高等教育一直受到学生抗议活动的困扰。许多这些中断为该行业提出了相关问题,并带来了有价值的认识和变革。批判性的学者指出,在每一次社会或政治运动中,都有一些明显重要的东西正在被说出来——这些东西通常来自被边缘化、从属甚至沉默的群体的代表。在这篇文章中,一个“符号语义”的理论视角(Visagie, 2006)1被用来确定南非当代学生运动文化的“语言策略”(Stewart, Smith & Denton, 2012)中出现的一些驱动概念。本文并没有忽视调查数字时代对社会运动的传播、动员和维持的影响的重要研究,而是对可能在运动的话语形成中确定的基础概念进行了批判性的审视。无论是在本质上还是在表现上,这些都被认为既不新颖也不独特。然而,它们暴露出的分裂和两极分化表明,迫切需要在学院的“想象社区”中进行一些交流改革(Anderson, 2016)。
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引用次数: 0
#FeesMustFall: Lessons from the Post‑colonial Global South #费用必须下降:后殖民时代全球南方的经验教训
Pub Date : 2019-09-17 DOI: 10.24085/jsaa.v7i1.3692
Sipho Dlamini
The protests that engulfed South African universities in 2015 and 2016 revealed a dissatisfaction by students with regard to higher education fees. The current study looks at some of the lessons that could assist South Africa in understanding the role of universal fee‑free higher education or fee‑free higher education for the poor. Most countries in the post‑colonial global South indicate a shift into cost sharing as mounting financial pressures on state budgets make universal free education unsustainable. The current study shows that the cost sharing model in South Africa has not resonated with students and may also be exclusionary to poor students. The lessons from the post‑colonial global South show that the trend in higher education is that the poor are often left out of most fee structures – including dual track, universal fee‑free, and cost-sharing models. The current study explores some implications and considerations of the current means test model that has been introduced by the current South African president, while using the global South as reference point for the implications of this fee structure, particularly in relation to poor and working-class students.
2015年和2016年席卷南非大学的抗议活动揭示了学生对高等教育费用的不满。目前的研究着眼于一些可以帮助南非理解普及免费高等教育或穷人免费高等教育的作用的经验教训。后殖民时代的全球南方大多数国家表示,由于国家预算日益增加的财政压力使普及免费教育难以为继,它们正在转向费用分摊。目前的研究表明,南非的成本分摊模式并没有引起学生的共鸣,也可能排斥贫困学生。后殖民时期全球南方国家的经验表明,高等教育的趋势是穷人往往被排除在大多数收费结构之外,包括双轨制、普遍免费和费用分摊模式。目前的研究探讨了由现任南非总统引入的当前经济状况调查模式的一些影响和考虑,同时将全球南方作为这种收费结构的影响的参考点,特别是与贫困和工薪阶层学生有关的影响。
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引用次数: 5
It’s Time to Unite: A Collaborative Approach to Addressing the Needs of Graduate Students of Colour 是时候团结起来了:一种解决有色人种研究生需求的合作方法
Pub Date : 2019-09-17 DOI: 10.24085/jsaa.v7i1.3695
Travis C. Smith, Emily E. Virtue
Higher education administrators often speak of the value of collaboration between student and academic affairs yet there is little empirical evidence of such collaboration. As such, graduate school services and programmes traditionally receive less attention and support than undergraduate programmes. Arguably, deficiencies in those services and programmes expose a need for collaboration, specifically for students of colour. This article explores the experiences of graduate students of colour while examining the barriers in place that tend to hinder their success in graduate school. By addressing these barriers, we present a justification for the need for collaboration between student affairs and academic affairs within graduate education.
高等教育管理者经常谈论学生和学术事务之间合作的价值,但很少有这种合作的经验证据。因此,研究生院的服务和课程传统上比本科课程得到的关注和支持要少。可以说,这些服务和项目的不足暴露了合作的必要性,特别是对有色人种的学生。本文探讨了有色人种研究生的经历,同时考察了阻碍他们在研究生院取得成功的障碍。通过解决这些障碍,我们提出了研究生教育中学生事务和学术事务之间合作的必要性的理由。
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引用次数: 0
Calitz, Talita M.L. (2019). Enhancing the Freedom to Flourish. London, UK: Routledge Calitz, Talita M.L.(2019)。增进繁荣的自由。英国伦敦:劳特利奇出版社
Pub Date : 2019-09-17 DOI: 10.24085/jsaa.v7i1.3698
M. Mclean
It is evident that, whatever the country and system, some students benefit from higher education more than others. Talita Calitz addresses the problem of equal participation with conceptual clarity and practical proposals which have global relevance. In my view, the outstanding achievement of her book is to replace the usual deficit view of students whose economic and social circumstances make it difficult for them to benefit from university education with a theory of participation which emphasises agency and inclusion. This achievement results from Calitz’s combining a human development approach with insight from the life stories of eight students in a South African university who faced economic and academic barriers to equal participation.
很明显,无论在哪个国家和制度下,一些学生从高等教育中受益比其他人更多。塔利塔·卡利茨以清晰的概念和具有全球意义的实际建议论述了平等参与问题。在我看来,她的书的杰出成就是用一种强调能动性和包容性的参与理论取代了通常对那些经济和社会环境使他们难以从大学教育中受益的学生的赤字观点。这一成就源于Calitz将人类发展方法与南非一所大学的八名学生的生活故事相结合,这些学生在平等参与方面面临经济和学术障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Student Satisfaction Regarding Service Quality at Ethiopian Public Higher Education Institutions: A Case Study 埃塞俄比亚公立高等教育机构对服务质量的学生满意度:个案研究
Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.24085/JSAA.V6I2.3309
S. L. Lodesso, E. V. Niekerk, C. Jansen, H. Muller
The quality of services rendered to stakeholders at Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) is of critical importance to the esteem of these institutions. Perceptions of the quality of such services can be measured in various ways. This study assesses the extent of service quality as evaluated in students’ satisfaction with services received at Ethiopian HEIs. To this end, data was collected from final-year undergraduate students at Ethiopian Public Higher Education Institutions (PHEIs). The Service Quality (SERVQUAL) questionnaire was administered. The collected data was analysed using the methodology of the Importance‑Performance Analysis (IPA) model. Findings indicated that the majority of the elements that constitute attributes of service quality were perceived by students to be very poor. This is reflected in low satisfaction scores. It is recommended that HEIs identify those service areas that have high perceived importance scores and low perception scores on service-experience in order to redeploy some of the resources and implement measures to improve service quality.
高等教育机构为利益相关者提供的服务质量对这些机构的尊重至关重要。对这些服务质量的看法可以用各种方法来衡量。本研究评估了服务质量的程度,以评估学生对埃塞俄比亚高等教育机构收到的服务的满意度。为此,从埃塞俄比亚公立高等教育机构(PHEIs)的最后一年级本科生中收集数据。进行服务质量(SERVQUAL)问卷调查。收集的数据使用重要性-绩效分析(IPA)模型的方法进行分析。调查结果显示,学生认为构成服务质素属性的大部分元素都很差。这反映在较低的满意度得分上。建议高等教育机构甄别在服务体验方面得分较高及得分较低的服务范畴,以便重新调配部分资源及推行改善服务质素的措施。
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引用次数: 14
期刊
Journal of Student Affairs in Africa
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