Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4668.2022
ABDU ROHMAN, DINDA PUTRI RAHMA DHARMAWAN, WACHJU SUBHAN, Jekti Prihatin, VENDI EKO SUSILO, SELVI ARIYUNITA, BANDA NURHARA
Alas Purwo National Park is one of the conservation areas located in the east of the island of Java. Dragonflies are crucial to the ecosystem's equilibrium as predator, bioindicator, and vector for disease control. The sensitivity and presence of dragonflies affect the diversity of dragonflies in a habitat. This inventory can assist the Alas Purwo National Park with additional data and be a basis for making conservation policies. The study aimed to determine the type and diversity index of the dragonflies in this park. The sample location was determined using purposive sampling, and the sample conducted utilised road sampling. This research observed seven species: Orthetrum glaucum, Orthetrum chrysalis, Lathrecista asiatica, Potamarcha congener, Copera marginipes, Prodasineura autumnalis, and Nososticta insignis. The Libellulidae family had the most species; on the other hand, the Protoneuridae family had the fewest Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H' = 1.6). Based on the criteria, the diversity index demonstrated moderate results. Pancur Resort Alas Purwo National Park provided a good environment and supported the survival of dragonflies.
{"title":"Diversity of Dragonflies (Odonata) at Pancur Resort Alas Purwo National Park, Indonesia","authors":"ABDU ROHMAN, DINDA PUTRI RAHMA DHARMAWAN, WACHJU SUBHAN, Jekti Prihatin, VENDI EKO SUSILO, SELVI ARIYUNITA, BANDA NURHARA","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4668.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4668.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Alas Purwo National Park is one of the conservation areas located in the east of the island of Java. Dragonflies are crucial to the ecosystem's equilibrium as predator, bioindicator, and vector for disease control. The sensitivity and presence of dragonflies affect the diversity of dragonflies in a habitat. This inventory can assist the Alas Purwo National Park with additional data and be a basis for making conservation policies. The study aimed to determine the type and diversity index of the dragonflies in this park. The sample location was determined using purposive sampling, and the sample conducted utilised road sampling. This research observed seven species: Orthetrum glaucum, Orthetrum chrysalis, Lathrecista asiatica, Potamarcha congener, Copera marginipes, Prodasineura autumnalis, and Nososticta insignis. The Libellulidae family had the most species; on the other hand, the Protoneuridae family had the fewest Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H' = 1.6). Based on the criteria, the diversity index demonstrated moderate results. Pancur Resort Alas Purwo National Park provided a good environment and supported the survival of dragonflies.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41875401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4655.2022
ISAAC STIA MARCELLINUS, SITI NURLYDIA SAZALI, RATNAWATI HAZALI, FARAH NABILLAH ABU HASAN AIDIL FITRI, AHMAD IRFAN ABDUL RAZAK
The largest peatland in Malaysia is in Sarawak with approximately 1.66 million ha (13%) of total area, distributed widely in Sibu division followed by Sri Aman, Miri, Kota Samarahan, Sarikei and Bintulu. Despite being the most diverse animal species, the study of insects in peat swamp forest, particularly beetles, is still in the incipient stage. Therefore, this study aimed to provide recent information on the beetle species composition in a peat swamp forest of Real Living Lab, UNIMAS (RLL) located in Kota Samarahan. Beetles were sampled for five consecutive days and nights within a seven-day sampling trip in August 2020. Three sampling methods were employed in this study, namely handpicking method (HPM), modified Pennsylvanian light trap (MPLT) and pitfall trapping (PFT). A total of 15 families representing 37 species and morphospecies with 185 individuals were successfully collected. The most speciose family from the beetle assemblages in RLL is Scarabaeidae with eight species collected (21.62%), followed by Curculionidae with six species (16.22%) and Staphylinidae with five species (13.51%). The most abundant family was also represented by Scarabaeidae with 64 individuals (34.59%), followed by Scolytidae with 27 individuals (14.59%) and Carabidae with 23 individuals (12.43%), respectively. This suggests that these families are good candidates as biodiversity indicator of peat swamp forests. This study is still in its preliminary stage; hence it is important to conduct further beetle samplings in future to better understand the potential of beetle as a bioindicator in the peat swamp habitat as an effort to conserve and protect the habitat and the biodiversity that came along with it.
马来西亚最大的泥炭地位于沙捞越，面积约为166万公顷(占总面积的13%)，广泛分布在西巫区，其次是斯里阿曼、美里、哥打萨马拉汉、沙利凯和民都鲁。尽管是最多样化的动物物种，但对泥炭沼泽森林中昆虫，特别是甲虫的研究仍处于初级阶段。因此，本研究旨在提供位于哥打萨马罕的UNIMAS Real Living Lab (RLL)泥炭沼泽森林中甲虫种类组成的最新信息。2020年8月，在为期7天的采样旅行中，对甲虫进行了连续5天5夜的采样。本研究采用手采法(HPM)、改进宾夕法尼亚光阱(MPLT)和陷阱诱捕(PFT)三种采样方法。共采集到15科37种，形态种185个个体。金龟科(Scarabaeidae)以8种(21.62%)居首，其次是Curculionidae(6种)(16.22%)和Staphylinidae(5种)(13.51%)。以金龟甲科最多，有64只(34.59%)，其次是石蜡科，有27只(14.59%)，金龟甲科有23只(12.43%)。这表明这些科是泥炭沼泽森林生物多样性指示的良好候选者。这项研究仍处于初步阶段;因此，为了更好地了解甲虫在泥炭沼泽生境中作为生物指示物的潜力，以保存和保护随之而来的生境和生物多样性，未来进行进一步的甲虫取样是很重要的。
{"title":"A Preliminary Study on the Beetle Fauna in Peat Swamp Forest of Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia","authors":"ISAAC STIA MARCELLINUS, SITI NURLYDIA SAZALI, RATNAWATI HAZALI, FARAH NABILLAH ABU HASAN AIDIL FITRI, AHMAD IRFAN ABDUL RAZAK","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4655.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4655.2022","url":null,"abstract":"The largest peatland in Malaysia is in Sarawak with approximately 1.66 million ha (13%) of total area, distributed widely in Sibu division followed by Sri Aman, Miri, Kota Samarahan, Sarikei and Bintulu. Despite being the most diverse animal species, the study of insects in peat swamp forest, particularly beetles, is still in the incipient stage. Therefore, this study aimed to provide recent information on the beetle species composition in a peat swamp forest of Real Living Lab, UNIMAS (RLL) located in Kota Samarahan. Beetles were sampled for five consecutive days and nights within a seven-day sampling trip in August 2020. Three sampling methods were employed in this study, namely handpicking method (HPM), modified Pennsylvanian light trap (MPLT) and pitfall trapping (PFT). A total of 15 families representing 37 species and morphospecies with 185 individuals were successfully collected. The most speciose family from the beetle assemblages in RLL is Scarabaeidae with eight species collected (21.62%), followed by Curculionidae with six species (16.22%) and Staphylinidae with five species (13.51%). The most abundant family was also represented by Scarabaeidae with 64 individuals (34.59%), followed by Scolytidae with 27 individuals (14.59%) and Carabidae with 23 individuals (12.43%), respectively. This suggests that these families are good candidates as biodiversity indicator of peat swamp forests. This study is still in its preliminary stage; hence it is important to conduct further beetle samplings in future to better understand the potential of beetle as a bioindicator in the peat swamp habitat as an effort to conserve and protect the habitat and the biodiversity that came along with it. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44114008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4721.2022
MOHD AFFENDI MOHD SHAFRI, AIN NAJIHAH NAZARUDIN
Ethnobotanical and ethnomedical knowledge of the Malays could be known either through oral sources or documented sources. The traditional sources of Malay medicine are useful for traditional and modern pharmaceuticals development in Malaysia and for conservation of biodiversity. This study aims to extract and categorise the ethnobotanical and ethnomedical contents documented in the medical chapter of Tajul Muluk, in the Malay ancient text. Transliteration and data extraction were carried out in order to identify and classify the information in the text. The manuscript has 292 medical interventions for 56 different diseases such as cough, fever, and mental health issues. There are descriptions available for different medical formulations using 209 plant-based materials, 12 animal-based materials and 40 other types. Many of the name and use of the materials are now rare or not well-known in modern today’s society. Medical descriptions listed in Tajul Muluk will be a documented proof of herbs used by local Malay population utilised as ethnobotanical and ethnomedical resources. Hence retrieving useful ancient documental knowledge should be explored in finding useful cures and alternatives therapeutics for various diseases.
{"title":"Tajul Muluk: A Traditional Malay Text of Ethnobotany and Ethnomedicine","authors":"MOHD AFFENDI MOHD SHAFRI, AIN NAJIHAH NAZARUDIN","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4721.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4721.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnobotanical and ethnomedical knowledge of the Malays could be known either through oral sources or documented sources. The traditional sources of Malay medicine are useful for traditional and modern pharmaceuticals development in Malaysia and for conservation of biodiversity. This study aims to extract and categorise the ethnobotanical and ethnomedical contents documented in the medical chapter of Tajul Muluk, in the Malay ancient text. Transliteration and data extraction were carried out in order to identify and classify the information in the text. The manuscript has 292 medical interventions for 56 different diseases such as cough, fever, and mental health issues. There are descriptions available for different medical formulations using 209 plant-based materials, 12 animal-based materials and 40 other types. Many of the name and use of the materials are now rare or not well-known in modern today’s society. Medical descriptions listed in Tajul Muluk will be a documented proof of herbs used by local Malay population utilised as ethnobotanical and ethnomedical resources. Hence retrieving useful ancient documental knowledge should be explored in finding useful cures and alternatives therapeutics for various diseases.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43472472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4722.2022
DZULHELMI MUHAMMAD NASIR, RADZMIN ISHAK, NURSYEREEN MOHD NASIR, ASSYIRA HASI, PHILIP YAP, NORKASPI KHASIM, CHRISTHARINA S. GINTORON, KAMIL AZMI TOHIRAN
Malaysia is one of the largest palm oil-producing countries in the world. Located in the Southeast Asia region, this country is also known as one of the mega biodiversity-rich countries which contains numerous species. In this study, arthropods were sampled using sticky traps at three sites within an oil palm dominated landscape. We examined how vegetation structure affects arthropod community distribution within an oil palm plantation. The number of arthropod species was significantly greater at higher vegetation complexity structures. The findings also showed that the number of arthropod species that had been recorded for the three sites had nearly reached asymptote. This study suggests that maintaining vegetation complexity through sustainable agriculture practice as recommended by the Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) may be useful in supporting arthropod species within oil palm plantations.
{"title":"Diversity of Arthropods in an Oil Palm Plantation in Sabah","authors":"DZULHELMI MUHAMMAD NASIR, RADZMIN ISHAK, NURSYEREEN MOHD NASIR, ASSYIRA HASI, PHILIP YAP, NORKASPI KHASIM, CHRISTHARINA S. GINTORON, KAMIL AZMI TOHIRAN","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4722.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4722.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Malaysia is one of the largest palm oil-producing countries in the world. Located in the Southeast Asia region, this country is also known as one of the mega biodiversity-rich countries which contains numerous species. In this study, arthropods were sampled using sticky traps at three sites within an oil palm dominated landscape. We examined how vegetation structure affects arthropod community distribution within an oil palm plantation. The number of arthropod species was significantly greater at higher vegetation complexity structures. The findings also showed that the number of arthropod species that had been recorded for the three sites had nearly reached asymptote. This study suggests that maintaining vegetation complexity through sustainable agriculture practice as recommended by the Malaysian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO) may be useful in supporting arthropod species within oil palm plantations. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42495877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4559.2022
Hasrulzaman Hassan Basri, N. Mohamed, N. Shafie, M. Abdullah
Differentiations in the habitat and resource utilisation lead to segregation and specialisation of niches for bats within the structurally complex tropical rainforest in Malaysia. This research aims to characterise chiropterans’ assemblages found in two different habitat types in Tasik Kenyir (dipterocarp forest) and Setiu (oil palm plantation). A total of 48 sampling nights were conducted within two years period from March 2017 to March 2019 which covered four sampling sites in Tasik Kenyir and four sites at Setiu. Two standard four-bank harp traps and 10 mist nets were deployed throughout the study at every site to capture bats at understory levels. This makes a total of 576 sampling efforts for both areas. Song Meter SM2bats and Echo Meter Touch from Wildlife Acoustic were used to record the echolocation of insectivorous bats. The total number of individuals and species observed were used to determine species diversity, richness, and evenness. Paleontological statistic software was used to generate the rank abundance and species accumulation curves. Bray-Curtis similarity index was used to generalise the index that represents the relative abundance of the sampling sites. A total of 835 individuals comprising 31 species from six families were captured at both study areas. Out of 835 individuals, 695 were captured within Tasik Kenyir comprising 27 species from six families (H = 2.381) while 140 individuals were captured in Setiu comprising 20 species from five families (H = 2.40). The diversity of bats in Tasik Kenyir was hypothesised to be higher than in Setiu as the habitat possess a larger undisturbed forest. However, the result showed the opposite in which no significant difference was detected from the diversity index calculated between these two areas. Detailed studies need to be conducted to determine if some areas are used as transient habitats for bats.
栖息地和资源利用的差异导致了马来西亚结构复杂的热带雨林中蝙蝠生态位的分离和专门化。本研究旨在描述在Tasik Kenyir（龙翅目森林）和Setiu（油棕榈种植园）两种不同栖息地类型中发现的驰翅目昆虫群落。从2017年3月到2019年3月的两年内，共进行了48个采样夜，覆盖了Tasik Kenyir的四个采样点和Setiu的四个取样点。在整个研究过程中，在每个地点都部署了两个标准的四岸竖琴陷阱和10个雾网，以捕捉林下水平的蝙蝠。这两个地区总共进行了576次采样。野生动物声学的Song Meter SM2bats和Echo Meter Touch被用来记录食虫蝙蝠的回声定位。观察到的个体和物种总数用于确定物种多样性、丰富度和均匀度。利用古生物统计软件生成了物种丰度等级曲线和物种积累曲线。Bray-Curtis相似性指数用于概括代表采样点相对丰度的指数。在这两个研究区共捕获了835只个体，包括来自六个科的31个物种。在835只蝙蝠中，695只在Tasik Kenyir被捕获，其中包括来自六个科的27种（H=2.381），而140只在Setiu被捕获，包括来自五个科的20种（H=2.40）。假设Tasik Kenyir的蝙蝠多样性高于Setiu，因为栖息地拥有更大的未受干扰的森林。然而，结果却恰恰相反，从这两个地区之间计算的多样性指数中没有发现显著差异。需要进行详细的研究，以确定某些地区是否被用作蝙蝠的临时栖息地。
{"title":"Comparative Diversity of Bats in Two Contrasting Habitats in Terengganu","authors":"Hasrulzaman Hassan Basri, N. Mohamed, N. Shafie, M. Abdullah","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4559.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4559.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Differentiations in the habitat and resource utilisation lead to segregation and specialisation of niches for bats within the structurally complex tropical rainforest in Malaysia. This research aims to characterise chiropterans’ assemblages found in two different habitat types in Tasik Kenyir (dipterocarp forest) and Setiu (oil palm plantation). A total of 48 sampling nights were conducted within two years period from March 2017 to March 2019 which covered four sampling sites in Tasik Kenyir and four sites at Setiu. Two standard four-bank harp traps and 10 mist nets were deployed throughout the study at every site to capture bats at understory levels. This makes a total of 576 sampling efforts for both areas. Song Meter SM2bats and Echo Meter Touch from Wildlife Acoustic were used to record the echolocation of insectivorous bats. The total number of individuals and species observed were used to determine species diversity, richness, and evenness. Paleontological statistic software was used to generate the rank abundance and species accumulation curves. Bray-Curtis similarity index was used to generalise the index that represents the relative abundance of the sampling sites. A total of 835 individuals comprising 31 species from six families were captured at both study areas. Out of 835 individuals, 695 were captured within Tasik Kenyir comprising 27 species from six families (H = 2.381) while 140 individuals were captured in Setiu comprising 20 species from five families (H = 2.40). The diversity of bats in Tasik Kenyir was hypothesised to be higher than in Setiu as the habitat possess a larger undisturbed forest. However, the result showed the opposite in which no significant difference was detected from the diversity index calculated between these two areas. Detailed studies need to be conducted to determine if some areas are used as transient habitats for bats.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48912021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4645.2022
MARDHIAH MOHD SHAHABUDDIN, MOHD ALHAFIIZH ZAILANI, WAN ROSLINA WAN YUSOF, NOORASMIN MOKHTAR AHMAD
Heat treatment on commercial honey could deteriorate its quality associated with physicochemical and bioactive capacities. In this study, the effects of thermal treatment (50 °C, 75 °C and 90 °C) on the physicochemical properties (i.e., pH, colour intensity), total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were investigated on the Kelulut honey. The results revealed a significant increase in TFC (0.154 mg QE/g honey) for the heat-treated Kelulut honey compared to the control (0.085 mg QE/g honey). The antioxidant activity of the heat-treated honey revealed an increase in 2, 2- Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl levels by 42%, while the ferric reducing antioxidant power levels were reduced significantly by 22.4% compared to the untreated honey. The antimicrobial activities of heat-treated honey declined against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi bacteria at 75 °C and 90 °C. Based on the effects observed in the bioactive capacities of the heat-treated honey, it is therefore recommended to minimize thermal treatment on the honey during the processing to maintain its natural nutritional quality and benefit consumers.
{"title":"Effect of Thermal Treatment on Kelulut Honey Towards the Physicochemical, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties","authors":"MARDHIAH MOHD SHAHABUDDIN, MOHD ALHAFIIZH ZAILANI, WAN ROSLINA WAN YUSOF, NOORASMIN MOKHTAR AHMAD","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4645.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4645.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Heat treatment on commercial honey could deteriorate its quality associated with physicochemical and bioactive capacities. In this study, the effects of thermal treatment (50 °C, 75 °C and 90 °C) on the physicochemical properties (i.e., pH, colour intensity), total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were investigated on the Kelulut honey. The results revealed a significant increase in TFC (0.154 mg QE/g honey) for the heat-treated Kelulut honey compared to the control (0.085 mg QE/g honey). The antioxidant activity of the heat-treated honey revealed an increase in 2, 2- Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl levels by 42%, while the ferric reducing antioxidant power levels were reduced significantly by 22.4% compared to the untreated honey. The antimicrobial activities of heat-treated honey declined against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhi bacteria at 75 °C and 90 °C. Based on the effects observed in the bioactive capacities of the heat-treated honey, it is therefore recommended to minimize thermal treatment on the honey during the processing to maintain its natural nutritional quality and benefit consumers.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41763440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4518.2022
MOHAMAD TAUFEK ZAKIRAH, ZAKARIA NURUL- ZALIZAHANA, NURULAFIFAH YAHYA, AHMAD SYAFIQ AHMAD NASIR, ZAINUDIN BACHOK
Brachyuran crab of Setiu Lagoon was systematically sampled between July 2011 and May 2012 to determine the community structure of animals and their relationship with environmental parameters. The semiterrestrial crabs were collected from a 100 m2 quadrat at eight stations. In addition, fishing devices were used to collect true aquatic crabs employed at the subtidal habitat. Forty-four species and 13 families were identified representing semiterrestrial and true aquatic crabs (i.e., Sesarmidae, Varunidae, Grapsidae, Ocypodidae, Macropthalmidae, Dotillidae, Camptandriidae, Pilumnidae, Portunidae, Eriphiidae, Oziidae, Dorippidae and Leucosiidae). Parasesarma plicatum, Perisesarma eumolpe, Clistocoeloma merguiense, Haberma sp., Uca (Austruca) annulipes, Uca (Gelasimus) vocans, and Moguai aloutos) were widely distributed in this lagoon. ST5 (at mix mangrove forest) recorded the highest number of species with density (12 ind.m-2), species richness (D = 2.68 ± 0.72), species evenness; (J’ = 0.90 ± 0.06) and species diversity (H’ = 2.17 ± 0.32) as compared to other stations. The results indicated that water salinity, pH and sediment grain size influence the community pattern of brachyuran in this lagoon.
{"title":"Community Study of Brachyuran Crab at Setiu Lagoon, Terengganu, Malaysia","authors":"MOHAMAD TAUFEK ZAKIRAH, ZAKARIA NURUL- ZALIZAHANA, NURULAFIFAH YAHYA, AHMAD SYAFIQ AHMAD NASIR, ZAINUDIN BACHOK","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4518.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4518.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Brachyuran crab of Setiu Lagoon was systematically sampled between July 2011 and May 2012 to determine the community structure of animals and their relationship with environmental parameters. The semiterrestrial crabs were collected from a 100 m2 quadrat at eight stations. In addition, fishing devices were used to collect true aquatic crabs employed at the subtidal habitat. Forty-four species and 13 families were identified representing semiterrestrial and true aquatic crabs (i.e., Sesarmidae, Varunidae, Grapsidae, Ocypodidae, Macropthalmidae, Dotillidae, Camptandriidae, Pilumnidae, Portunidae, Eriphiidae, Oziidae, Dorippidae and Leucosiidae). Parasesarma plicatum, Perisesarma eumolpe, Clistocoeloma merguiense, Haberma sp., Uca (Austruca) annulipes, Uca (Gelasimus) vocans, and Moguai aloutos) were widely distributed in this lagoon. ST5 (at mix mangrove forest) recorded the highest number of species with density (12 ind.m-2), species richness (D = 2.68 ± 0.72), species evenness; (J’ = 0.90 ± 0.06) and species diversity (H’ = 2.17 ± 0.32) as compared to other stations. The results indicated that water salinity, pH and sediment grain size influence the community pattern of brachyuran in this lagoon.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49244676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4456.2022
ROSDI KIRA, LESLEY MAURICE BILUNG, ROMANO NGUI, KASING APUN, LELA SU’UT
This study is to analyse the spatial distribution of leptospirosis and identify its high and low incidence clusters in Sarawak. The annual incidence rate at the district level was calculated using confirmed report of leptospirosis cases from year 2011 to 2018. Empirical Bayes estimation smoothing of relative risks was used to display the spatial distribution of leptospirosis across the study region. Moran's Global Index and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) were used to analyse the existence of global and local spatial autocorrelation. Data were analysed using ArcGIS and Geoda software at the district level. The annualised average incidence reported during the study period was 20.83 per 100,000 population, with the highest cases reported in year 2018 (n = 870). The Global Moran's Index revealed spatial clustering of leptospirosis incidence in 2012 (Moran's I: 0.23), 2013 (Moran's I: 0.33), and 2014 (Moran's I: 0.45), while 2011 (Moran's I: -0.01), 2015 and 2016 (Moran's I: 0.09), 2017 (Moran's I: 0.13), and 2018 (Moran's I: 0.04) showed random patterns. High incidence clusters of leptospirosis were primarily congested in the Southeast of Sarawak, involving districts such as Kapit, Belaga, Song, Tatau and Lubok Antu. Spatial and temporal patterns of leptospirosis incidence were heterogeneous across Sarawak. This study facilitates the implementation of targeted interventions and control measures for leptospirosis in Sarawak by identifying spatial cluster and outliers.
{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Disparities of Leptospirosis Transmission in Sarawak (Malaysia), 2011-2018","authors":"ROSDI KIRA, LESLEY MAURICE BILUNG, ROMANO NGUI, KASING APUN, LELA SU’UT","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4456.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4456.2022","url":null,"abstract":"This study is to analyse the spatial distribution of leptospirosis and identify its high and low incidence clusters in Sarawak. The annual incidence rate at the district level was calculated using confirmed report of leptospirosis cases from year 2011 to 2018. Empirical Bayes estimation smoothing of relative risks was used to display the spatial distribution of leptospirosis across the study region. Moran's Global Index and Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) were used to analyse the existence of global and local spatial autocorrelation. Data were analysed using ArcGIS and Geoda software at the district level. The annualised average incidence reported during the study period was 20.83 per 100,000 population, with the highest cases reported in year 2018 (n = 870). The Global Moran's Index revealed spatial clustering of leptospirosis incidence in 2012 (Moran's I: 0.23), 2013 (Moran's I: 0.33), and 2014 (Moran's I: 0.45), while 2011 (Moran's I: -0.01), 2015 and 2016 (Moran's I: 0.09), 2017 (Moran's I: 0.13), and 2018 (Moran's I: 0.04) showed random patterns. High incidence clusters of leptospirosis were primarily congested in the Southeast of Sarawak, involving districts such as Kapit, Belaga, Song, Tatau and Lubok Antu. Spatial and temporal patterns of leptospirosis incidence were heterogeneous across Sarawak. This study facilitates the implementation of targeted interventions and control measures for leptospirosis in Sarawak by identifying spatial cluster and outliers.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43760987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4820.2022
NURSYAFIRA ADZIRA HALMI, MENG GUAN TAY
Schiff base and their metal complexes have been widely used as photovoltaic materials due to their excellent π-electron transfer properties along the molecule. A total of eleven conjugated symmetrical bis-Schiff base and their complexes with different π-spacers have been synthesized and spectroscopically characterized in order to investigate their conversion efficiency in dye-sensitizer solar cells (DSSC). All compounds were either substituted with hydroxy (-OH) or methoxy (-OMe) as the electron donor and difluoro boron (BF2) as the electron acceptor or without any substituent. All compounds were applied as dye-sensitizer in DSSC using titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) coated on a fluoride doped tin oxide glass as the working electrode and electric paint containing carbon black, whereas graphene coated indium tin oxide glass as the counter electrode. The power conversion efficiencies of the eleven bis-Schiff bases were compared to N3 Dye as the benchmark standard. The results showed that the compound with aromatic ring bridge as the π-spacer and -OMe substituent gave the highest efficiency at 0.0691% whereas the compound with aromatic ring and BF2 gave the lowest efficiency at 0.0012%.
{"title":"Synthesis of Conjugated bis-Schiff Base and Their Complexes as Dye-Sensitizer for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) Application","authors":"NURSYAFIRA ADZIRA HALMI, MENG GUAN TAY","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4820.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4820.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Schiff base and their metal complexes have been widely used as photovoltaic materials due to their excellent π-electron transfer properties along the molecule. A total of eleven conjugated symmetrical bis-Schiff base and their complexes with different π-spacers have been synthesized and spectroscopically characterized in order to investigate their conversion efficiency in dye-sensitizer solar cells (DSSC). All compounds were either substituted with hydroxy (-OH) or methoxy (-OMe) as the electron donor and difluoro boron (BF2) as the electron acceptor or without any substituent. All compounds were applied as dye-sensitizer in DSSC using titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) coated on a fluoride doped tin oxide glass as the working electrode and electric paint containing carbon black, whereas graphene coated indium tin oxide glass as the counter electrode. The power conversion efficiencies of the eleven bis-Schiff bases were compared to N3 Dye as the benchmark standard. The results showed that the compound with aromatic ring bridge as the π-spacer and -OMe substituent gave the highest efficiency at 0.0691% whereas the compound with aromatic ring and BF2 gave the lowest efficiency at 0.0012%.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44048491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biogas slurry (BGS) is an anaerobic digested organic material that can be used as an organic fertiliser. As cow urine (CU) is rich in plant nutrients, it may be used as diluting agent in biogas production to enhance the fertiliser quality of BGS. To explore the potency of CU on the fertiliser quality of BGS, four experimental trials were constructed by mixing cow dung (CD) and CU in varying proportion designated as T0 (50% CD + 50% Water) as control, T1 (50% CD + 50% CU), T2 (40% CD + 60% CU), T3 (30% CD + 70% CU) for biogas production. The quality of BGS was evaluated by studying its biochemical and microbial properties. The enzymatic activities revealed that all the CU amended samples showed better activities than control and were increased with the increase in CU. Compared to the control, the increase in urease, protease and phosphatase activities were 11.6% to 64.6%, 4.6% to 29.6% and 22.1% to 50.0%, respectively while cellulase activities were decreased from 25.9% to 3.1%. Most of the bacterial populations also increased in CU amended samples; total bacteria (TB) 20% to 60%, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) 33% to 67% and nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) 0% to 33%. Phytohormone, indole acetic acid (IAA) content and glycemic index (GI) were also increased with increase in CU (IAA- 23.5% to 59.5% and GI- 6.2% to 100.5%). With respect to all parameters analysed, CU amended samples can be considered superior to the control one except for their cellulase activities. Thus, utilization of cow urine improves the quality of BGS as organic fertiliser. This finding will help in reducing environmental pollution by utilizing hazardous cow urine as well as improving fertiliser quality of biogas slurry for agronomic use.
{"title":"Effect of Cow Urine on the Biochemical and Microbial Properties of Cow Dung Derived Biogas Slurry","authors":"MD. ASHRAFUL HOQUE, MST. SANJIDA NASRIN, MD. RAIHANUL FARDOUS, MD. NURUL ISLAM, Md. Shahidul Islam","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4873.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4873.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Biogas slurry (BGS) is an anaerobic digested organic material that can be used as an organic fertiliser. As cow urine (CU) is rich in plant nutrients, it may be used as diluting agent in biogas production to enhance the fertiliser quality of BGS. To explore the potency of CU on the fertiliser quality of BGS, four experimental trials were constructed by mixing cow dung (CD) and CU in varying proportion designated as T0 (50% CD + 50% Water) as control, T1 (50% CD + 50% CU), T2 (40% CD + 60% CU), T3 (30% CD + 70% CU) for biogas production. The quality of BGS was evaluated by studying its biochemical and microbial properties. The enzymatic activities revealed that all the CU amended samples showed better activities than control and were increased with the increase in CU. Compared to the control, the increase in urease, protease and phosphatase activities were 11.6% to 64.6%, 4.6% to 29.6% and 22.1% to 50.0%, respectively while cellulase activities were decreased from 25.9% to 3.1%. Most of the bacterial populations also increased in CU amended samples; total bacteria (TB) 20% to 60%, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) 33% to 67% and nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) 0% to 33%. Phytohormone, indole acetic acid (IAA) content and glycemic index (GI) were also increased with increase in CU (IAA- 23.5% to 59.5% and GI- 6.2% to 100.5%). With respect to all parameters analysed, CU amended samples can be considered superior to the control one except for their cellulase activities. Thus, utilization of cow urine improves the quality of BGS as organic fertiliser. This finding will help in reducing environmental pollution by utilizing hazardous cow urine as well as improving fertiliser quality of biogas slurry for agronomic use.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44222861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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