Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.5646.2023
H. Wakawa, Fasihuddin, Badruddin Ahmad
A total of five secondary metabolites were isolated and purified from dichloromethane root and leaf extracts of Abrus precatorius using different chromatographic methods. The structures were elucidated using different spectral data and were confirmed to be 5,7-Dimethoxyflavanone (1), Xanthoxylin (2), Hexadecanoic acid (3) successfully isolated from the root extract, and Beta-eudesmol (4) and Squalene (5) successfully isolated from the leaf extract. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavanone (1) and xanthoxylin (2) were reported for the first time from the root extract and this contributed to the pharmacological importance of A. precatorius.
采用不同的色谱方法，从二氯甲烷提取物中分离纯化了五种次生代谢物。利用不同的光谱数据阐明了这些物质的结构，并确认从根提取物中成功分离出了 5,7-二甲氧基黄烷酮（1）、黄酮苷（2）和十六烷酸（3），从叶提取物中成功分离出了β-桉叶油醇（4）和角鲨烯（5）。5,7-Dimethoxyflavanone (1)和黄腐素(2)是首次从根提取物中分离出来，这有助于提高 A. precatorius 的药理作用。
{"title":"Characterisation of Chemical Compounds from the Root and Leaf Extract of Abrus precatorius","authors":"H. Wakawa, Fasihuddin, Badruddin Ahmad","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5646.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5646.2023","url":null,"abstract":"A total of five secondary metabolites were isolated and purified from dichloromethane root and leaf extracts of Abrus precatorius using different chromatographic methods. The structures were elucidated using different spectral data and were confirmed to be 5,7-Dimethoxyflavanone (1), Xanthoxylin (2), Hexadecanoic acid (3) successfully isolated from the root extract, and Beta-eudesmol (4) and Squalene (5) successfully isolated from the leaf extract. 5,7-Dimethoxyflavanone (1) and xanthoxylin (2) were reported for the first time from the root extract and this contributed to the pharmacological importance of A. precatorius.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.5822.2023
Ily Azzedine, Al Subari, Tan Yee Shin, J. Seelan, Sathiya Seelan
The genus Laetiporus has been previously reported from Mesilau in Sabah, Northern Borneo in 1964. To date, no further documentation of the Laetiporus genus has been reported in Sabah, Malaysia. This study provides an overview of recent literature on taxonomic updates, distribution and sequence data of Laetiporus in Malaysia. During the period March – June 2020, two Laetiporus specimens were collected in Maliau Basin Conservation Area and Sipitang. These two specimens were identified as L. versisporus based on morphological characteristics and molecular methods. Interestingly, no sequence data for this particular species have been documented for Malaysian Borneo. This study represents the initial documentation of L. versisporus in Sabah (Northern Borneo) that have potential applications in medicine and food industry and provide insights into its phylogenetic relationship within the genus Laetiporus.
{"title":"New Record of Edible Chicken of the Wood Mushroom, Laetiporus versisporus (Lloyd) Imazeki (Fomitopsidaceae, Polyporales) from Sabah (Northern Borneo), Malaysia","authors":"Ily Azzedine, Al Subari, Tan Yee Shin, J. Seelan, Sathiya Seelan","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5822.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5822.2023","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Laetiporus has been previously reported from Mesilau in Sabah, Northern Borneo in 1964. To date, no further documentation of the Laetiporus genus has been reported in Sabah, Malaysia. This study provides an overview of recent literature on taxonomic updates, distribution and sequence data of Laetiporus in Malaysia. During the period March – June 2020, two Laetiporus specimens were collected in Maliau Basin Conservation Area and Sipitang. These two specimens were identified as L. versisporus based on morphological characteristics and molecular methods. Interestingly, no sequence data for this particular species have been documented for Malaysian Borneo. This study represents the initial documentation of L. versisporus in Sabah (Northern Borneo) that have potential applications in medicine and food industry and provide insights into its phylogenetic relationship within the genus Laetiporus.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"49 S4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.5524.2023
Ahmad Hata Bin Rasit, Vivian Tham, Ramlah Binti Zainudin, Mohammad Zulkarnaen Bin, Ahmad Narihan
Recent study has revealed that the poison gland in Odorrana hosii skin act as defensive mechanism and can help in wound healing management of a frog species. Since skin is the first organ that come into contact with the surrounding, the habitat of the species should be related to the properties of the frogs’ skin. Thus, we investigated the O. hosii skin histology in relation to water quality parameters at different localities in Sarawak. The goal of study is to uncover a link between O. hosii habitat and its skin histology at four different locations: Ranchan Recreational Park (RRP), Matang Wildlife Centre (MWC), Borneo Highlands (BH), and Santubong National Park (SNP). The water quality criteria for each area were pH, turbidity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO). The results showed that DO concentration of the habitat is the most essential element in affecting the health of the amphibian skin, as well as the forested areas (MWC, SNP, and BH) that protect the skin from direct sunlight. The DO of the habitat differed significantly for the mean number of mucous and seromucous glands at 0.01 (α = 0.05) and 0.03 (α = 0.05), respectively. The number of mucous glands and DO were found to have a strong positive correlation at 0.701. However, the number of seromucous glands showed a strong negative correlation with DO at -0.623. O. hosii skin from the four different localities was found to have cutaneous gland variations that reflect the environment in the number of glands. Mucous glands play an important role in indicating the localities’ water quality, which reflects adaptation of O. hosii to its habitat. This highlights the importance of preserving natural habitats for this sensitive species.
最近的研究发现，Odorrana hosii 皮肤上的毒腺是一种防御机制，有助于蛙类的伤口愈合管理。由于皮肤是蛙类与周围环境接触的第一个器官，因此蛙类的栖息地应与皮肤的特性有关。因此，我们调查了沙捞越不同地区的 O. hosii 皮肤组织学与水质参数的关系。这项研究的目的是在四个不同地点发现O：兰昌休闲公园（RRP）、马唐野生动物中心（MWC）、婆罗洲高地（BH）和山都邦国家公园（SNP）。每个区域的水质标准为 pH 值、浑浊度、温度和溶解氧（DO）。 结果表明，栖息地的溶解氧浓度是影响两栖动物皮肤健康的最基本要素，森林地区（MWC、SNP 和 BH）也能保护皮肤免受阳光直射。 栖息地的溶解氧对粘液腺和血清粘液腺平均数量的显著差异分别为0.01（α = 0.05）和0.03（α = 0.05）。粘液腺数量与溶解氧呈强正相关，相关系数为 0.701。然而，血清粘液腺的数量与溶解氧呈强负相关，为-0.623。研究发现，来自四个不同地区的 O. hosii 皮肤腺体的变化反映了环境对腺体数量的影响。粘液腺在显示当地水质方面起着重要作用，这反映了 O. hosii 对其栖息地的适应性。这凸显了保护这一敏感物种的自然栖息地的重要性。
{"title":"The Relationship between Odorrana hosii Skin Histology and Habitat Water Quality in Different Locations of Sarawak","authors":"Ahmad Hata Bin Rasit, Vivian Tham, Ramlah Binti Zainudin, Mohammad Zulkarnaen Bin, Ahmad Narihan","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5524.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5524.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Recent study has revealed that the poison gland in Odorrana hosii skin act as defensive mechanism and can help in wound healing management of a frog species. Since skin is the first organ that come into contact with the surrounding, the habitat of the species should be related to the properties of the frogs’ skin. Thus, we investigated the O. hosii skin histology in relation to water quality parameters at different localities in Sarawak. The goal of study is to uncover a link between O. hosii habitat and its skin histology at four different locations: Ranchan Recreational Park (RRP), Matang Wildlife Centre (MWC), Borneo Highlands (BH), and Santubong National Park (SNP). The water quality criteria for each area were pH, turbidity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO). The results showed that DO concentration of the habitat is the most essential element in affecting the health of the amphibian skin, as well as the forested areas (MWC, SNP, and BH) that protect the skin from direct sunlight. The DO of the habitat differed significantly for the mean number of mucous and seromucous glands at 0.01 (α = 0.05) and 0.03 (α = 0.05), respectively. The number of mucous glands and DO were found to have a strong positive correlation at 0.701. However, the number of seromucous glands showed a strong negative correlation with DO at -0.623. O. hosii skin from the four different localities was found to have cutaneous gland variations that reflect the environment in the number of glands. Mucous glands play an important role in indicating the localities’ water quality, which reflects adaptation of O. hosii to its habitat. This highlights the importance of preserving natural habitats for this sensitive species.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.5669.2023
Muhammad Faiq Najmi, M. Rofiee, T. L. Kek, Farida Zuraina, Mohd Yusof, Mohd Zaki Salleh
The search and development of new therapeutic agents from medicinal plants to alleviate anxiety is well justified due to the increasing cases of anxiety disorder and lack of effective treatment. Moringa oleifera has been used traditionally to treat anxiety. However, there is still lack of understanding on the mechanism for its anxiolytic effect. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anxiolytic effects and the mechanism of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of M. oleifera (MOLE) by observing behavioural changes of the Danio rerio and the differential gene expression analysis using custom RT2 Profiler PCR array. A 14-day chronic behaviour study was conducted using three concentrations of MOLE (500 mg/L, 1000 mg/L and 2000 mg/L) fluoxetine as the positive control. Stress-induced D. rerio treated with 1000 mg/L MOLE showed the lowest level of anxiety compared to other groups as evidenced by a decrease in freezing episodes and freezing time, increased entries into the light region. The fish also showed significant changes in the expression of crhb, faah2a, mao, and pah genes. MOLE with the presence of quercetin and kaempferol are believed to exert its anxiolytic effects through differential expression of gene (i) modulating the function of GABAA receptor (crhb), (ii) inhibiting the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the production of nitric oxide, (iii) increasing the AEA levels in the brain (faah2a), (iv) increasing the level of dopamine levels in the brain (mao). These findings provide valuable insights into the potential use of MOLE as a treatment for anxiety-related disorders as well as the significance of the molecular pathways involved in its anxiolytic properties.
{"title":"The Mechanism of Anxiolytic Effects of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts Associated with Significant Differential Expression of Crhb, Faah2a, Mao, and Pah Genes in Danio rerio","authors":"Muhammad Faiq Najmi, M. Rofiee, T. L. Kek, Farida Zuraina, Mohd Yusof, Mohd Zaki Salleh","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5669.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5669.2023","url":null,"abstract":"The search and development of new therapeutic agents from medicinal plants to alleviate anxiety is well justified due to the increasing cases of anxiety disorder and lack of effective treatment. Moringa oleifera has been used traditionally to treat anxiety. However, there is still lack of understanding on the mechanism for its anxiolytic effect. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anxiolytic effects and the mechanism of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of M. oleifera (MOLE) by observing behavioural changes of the Danio rerio and the differential gene expression analysis using custom RT2 Profiler PCR array. A 14-day chronic behaviour study was conducted using three concentrations of MOLE (500 mg/L, 1000 mg/L and 2000 mg/L) fluoxetine as the positive control. Stress-induced D. rerio treated with 1000 mg/L MOLE showed the lowest level of anxiety compared to other groups as evidenced by a decrease in freezing episodes and freezing time, increased entries into the light region. The fish also showed significant changes in the expression of crhb, faah2a, mao, and pah genes. MOLE with the presence of quercetin and kaempferol are believed to exert its anxiolytic effects through differential expression of gene (i) modulating the function of GABAA receptor (crhb), (ii) inhibiting the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the production of nitric oxide, (iii) increasing the AEA levels in the brain (faah2a), (iv) increasing the level of dopamine levels in the brain (mao). These findings provide valuable insights into the potential use of MOLE as a treatment for anxiety-related disorders as well as the significance of the molecular pathways involved in its anxiolytic properties.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Black and white pepper of the species Piper nigrum L. is regarded as the king of spices, and Malaysia is the second largest producer of peppercorns, after Indonesia. This spice contains abundant bioactive compounds that are capable of enhancing human health. However, the prebiotic potential of P. nigrum L. as a food ingredient has not yet been explored. Therefore, this research studied P. nigrum L. through in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation using human faecal slurry. Samples were analysed for the colonic bacterial changes and its metabolites production using HPLC. Both black and white pepper showed prebiotic responses similar to those in inulin, particularly in stimulating the growth of human gastrointestinal microbiota. This study finds that P. nigrum L. promotes the growth of probiotic strains such as Bifidobacterium spp., and Lactobacillus / Enterococcus. Both black and white pepper also showed the ability to suppress colonic pathogen strain like Clostridium histolyticum. In vitro colonic fermentation of P. nigrum L. also significantly stimulate production of health beneficial metabolites. The production of short-chain fatty acids like acetate and propionate were observed to be particularly abundant. This is the contribution of piperine in both black and white pepper. In which, piperine provide both anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Overall, P. nigrum L. showed appreciable prebiotic value similar to the commercial prebiotic, inulin. Thus, black and white pepper from Sarawak, Malaysia helps in promoting human gastrointestinal health. This finding may contribute to the value-added of Sarawak pepper as a functional food that can be involved in daily meals as spices.
{"title":"Evaluation of Piper nigrum L. as a Prebiotic Ingredient Using In Vitro Colon Model","authors":"Siti Maisarah, Nashri, HUI-YAN Tan, Shahrul, Razid Sarbini","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5320.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5320.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Black and white pepper of the species Piper nigrum L. is regarded as the king of spices, and Malaysia is the second largest producer of peppercorns, after Indonesia. This spice contains abundant bioactive compounds that are capable of enhancing human health. However, the prebiotic potential of P. nigrum L. as a food ingredient has not yet been explored. Therefore, this research studied P. nigrum L. through in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation using human faecal slurry. Samples were analysed for the colonic bacterial changes and its metabolites production using HPLC. Both black and white pepper showed prebiotic responses similar to those in inulin, particularly in stimulating the growth of human gastrointestinal microbiota. This study finds that P. nigrum L. promotes the growth of probiotic strains such as Bifidobacterium spp., and Lactobacillus / Enterococcus. Both black and white pepper also showed the ability to suppress colonic pathogen strain like Clostridium histolyticum. In vitro colonic fermentation of P. nigrum L. also significantly stimulate production of health beneficial metabolites. The production of short-chain fatty acids like acetate and propionate were observed to be particularly abundant. This is the contribution of piperine in both black and white pepper. In which, piperine provide both anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Overall, P. nigrum L. showed appreciable prebiotic value similar to the commercial prebiotic, inulin. Thus, black and white pepper from Sarawak, Malaysia helps in promoting human gastrointestinal health. This finding may contribute to the value-added of Sarawak pepper as a functional food that can be involved in daily meals as spices.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"2017 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-24DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.5450.2023
Sui Sien, Leong, Hadi Hamli, Erra Fazira, Abdul Rahim, Suhaili Mustafa
The study aims (1) to isolate and characterise the heterotrophic bacteria from different rivers in Bintulu, Sarawak, (2) to investigate the hygienic condition of the rivers through faecal coliforms and (3) to determine the antibiotic resistance among the heterotrophic bacteria isolates. A total of 100 heterotrophic bacteria strains were identified from rivers of Bintulu, Sarawak. The characterisation of bacteria was performed using (GTG)5 fingerprinting to investigate their genetic distribution diversity and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbiological variables tested including total viable count, coliform count, Escherichia coli confirmation test. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed against 10 antibiotics. Sample collected from Sungai Teknik showed higher mean bacterial population size (log 4.48 ± 0.00 CFU/mL). Sungai Sibiu, Waterfront and Sungai Plan revealed the highest most probable number (MPN) index (>1,600 per mL). Each dendrogram showed 3 to 7 clusters of bacteria groups confirmed as Enterobacter spp. (40%), Acinetobacter spp. (13%), Bacillus spp. (13%), Klebsiella spp. (13%), Staphylococcus spp. (7%), Chromobacterium spp. (7%) and Citrobacter spp. (7%). All the heterotrophic bacteria isolated showed high resistance against ciprofloxacin (63.70 ± 33.40%), piperacillin (58.10 ± 31.37%), aztreonam (48.40 ± 30.95%) and more susceptible to tetracycline (3.30 ± 10.44%). Our findings highlight the multiple antibiotics resistance and microbiological analysis of heterotrophic bacteria found in polluted river water. The preservation of the river water is vital as hydrologic purposes, sustain the microbial composition, ecological integrity of the river.
这项研究的目的是：（1）从沙捞越民都鲁的不同河流中分离出异养细菌并确定其特征；（2）通过粪大肠菌群调查河流的卫生状况；（3）确定分离出的异养细菌的抗生素耐药性。从沙捞越民都鲁的河流中共鉴定出 100 株异养细菌。使用 (GTG)5 指纹法和 16S rRNA 基因测序法对细菌进行了特征描述，以研究其基因分布多样性。微生物变量测试包括总存活计数、大肠菌群计数、大肠埃希氏菌确认测试。抗生素敏感性测试针对 10 种抗生素进行。从 Sungai Teknik 采集的样本显示出较高的平均细菌数量（对数 4.48 ± 0.00 CFU/mL）。Sungai Sibiu、Waterfront 和 Sungai Plan 显示出最高的菌落总数 (MPN) 指数（>1,600 个/毫升）。每个树枝图都显示了 3 到 7 个细菌群，确认为肠杆菌属（40%）、醋酐杆菌属（13%）、芽孢杆菌属（13%）、克雷伯氏菌属（13%）、葡萄球菌属（7%）、色杆菌属（7%）和柠檬酸杆菌属（7%）。所有分离出的异养细菌均对环丙沙星（63.70 ± 33.40%）、哌拉西林（58.10 ± 31.37%）和阿曲南（48.40 ± 30.95%）表现出较高的耐药性，而对四环素（3.30 ± 10.44%）则较为敏感。我们的研究结果突显了在受污染河水中发现的异养菌对多种抗生素的耐药性和微生物学分析。保护河水对水文目的、维持微生物组成和河流生态完整性至关重要。
{"title":"Prevalence and Diversity of Antibiotic Resistance Heterotrophic Bacteria Found Along the Bintulu Rivers, Sarawak","authors":"Sui Sien, Leong, Hadi Hamli, Erra Fazira, Abdul Rahim, Suhaili Mustafa","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5450.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5450.2023","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims (1) to isolate and characterise the heterotrophic bacteria from different rivers in Bintulu, Sarawak, (2) to investigate the hygienic condition of the rivers through faecal coliforms and (3) to determine the antibiotic resistance among the heterotrophic bacteria isolates. A total of 100 heterotrophic bacteria strains were identified from rivers of Bintulu, Sarawak. The characterisation of bacteria was performed using (GTG)5 fingerprinting to investigate their genetic distribution diversity and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Microbiological variables tested including total viable count, coliform count, Escherichia coli confirmation test. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed against 10 antibiotics. Sample collected from Sungai Teknik showed higher mean bacterial population size (log 4.48 ± 0.00 CFU/mL). Sungai Sibiu, Waterfront and Sungai Plan revealed the highest most probable number (MPN) index (>1,600 per mL). Each dendrogram showed 3 to 7 clusters of bacteria groups confirmed as Enterobacter spp. (40%), Acinetobacter spp. (13%), Bacillus spp. (13%), Klebsiella spp. (13%), Staphylococcus spp. (7%), Chromobacterium spp. (7%) and Citrobacter spp. (7%). All the heterotrophic bacteria isolated showed high resistance against ciprofloxacin (63.70 ± 33.40%), piperacillin (58.10 ± 31.37%), aztreonam (48.40 ± 30.95%) and more susceptible to tetracycline (3.30 ± 10.44%). Our findings highlight the multiple antibiotics resistance and microbiological analysis of heterotrophic bacteria found in polluted river water. The preservation of the river water is vital as hydrologic purposes, sustain the microbial composition, ecological integrity of the river.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"373 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-24DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.5419.2023
Nurfarida Anum, Zainaddin, Nur Aini, Muhammad Amirul, Mukminin Khoo, Siti Nurlydia, Sazali, Tan Wei Lim, Nuha Loling Othman, Ratnawati Hazali
Dung beetles (Genus: Onthophagus) are members of the family Scarabaeidae and the subfamily Scarabaeinae. Despite their small size and unattractive appearance, dung beetles play an important role in the ecosystem, and they are widely recognised as one of the most effective bioindicators of ecosystem health. Although there has been an increase in dung beetle studies in Peninsular Malaysia, there are very few ecological studies of dung beetles conducted in Sarawak, despite being the largest state of Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to provide recent information on the distributions of dung beetles from the genus Onthophagus in Sarawak. A total of 32 occurrences data for eight selected Onthophagus species representing 11 localities were successfully recorded. All analyses were performed using the Maximum Entropy Modelling Version 3.4.4 (MaxEnt) and Quantum Geographic Information Systems 3.28.2 (QGIS) software. It is revealed that most dung beetles’ distributions are strongly influenced by temperature and precipitation which suggests its capabilities as a bioindicator to identify high biodiversity areas. In conclusion, this study could be beneficial to identify the potential hotspot areas for biodiversity conservation and effective management practices in Sarawak.
{"title":"Modelling Distribution of Onthophagus Species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Sarawak","authors":"Nurfarida Anum, Zainaddin, Nur Aini, Muhammad Amirul, Mukminin Khoo, Siti Nurlydia, Sazali, Tan Wei Lim, Nuha Loling Othman, Ratnawati Hazali","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5419.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5419.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Dung beetles (Genus: Onthophagus) are members of the family Scarabaeidae and the subfamily Scarabaeinae. Despite their small size and unattractive appearance, dung beetles play an important role in the ecosystem, and they are widely recognised as one of the most effective bioindicators of ecosystem health. Although there has been an increase in dung beetle studies in Peninsular Malaysia, there are very few ecological studies of dung beetles conducted in Sarawak, despite being the largest state of Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to provide recent information on the distributions of dung beetles from the genus Onthophagus in Sarawak. A total of 32 occurrences data for eight selected Onthophagus species representing 11 localities were successfully recorded. All analyses were performed using the Maximum Entropy Modelling Version 3.4.4 (MaxEnt) and Quantum Geographic Information Systems 3.28.2 (QGIS) software. It is revealed that most dung beetles’ distributions are strongly influenced by temperature and precipitation which suggests its capabilities as a bioindicator to identify high biodiversity areas. In conclusion, this study could be beneficial to identify the potential hotspot areas for biodiversity conservation and effective management practices in Sarawak.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"413 1‐2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-24DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.5314.2023
A. Azimi, MD Noor
Melaleuca cajuputi Powell essential oil (MCEO) is widely used in Malay traditional medicine for the treatment of stomach cramps, cough, acne, insect bites, thrush problems and many more. The demand for medicinal applications of MCEO is gradually increasing among the Southeast Asian community. All information regarding MCEO was collected via internet sources such as Google Scholar, Elsevier, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, Web of Science and local books. Meta-analysis method was performed to identify all publications or relevant books regarding the MCEO range from 1998 to 2021. The main bioactive compounds of MCEO include terpenes, esters, aldehydes and alkenes. Scientific research on MCEO has revealed a wide range of pharmacological activities such as contact and fumigant toxicity, repellence, antibacterial activity and many more. The MCEO has a huge potential for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications, but comprehensive toxicity studies must be conducted to ensure their safety. Research on pharmacokinetics studies and potential drug interactions with standard-of-care medications is still limited, which calls for additional studies, particularly in humans. Further assessments and clinical trials should be performed before it can be integrated into medicinal practices.
{"title":"Melaleuca cajuputi Powell Essential Oil: A Review of Botanical, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties","authors":"A. Azimi, MD Noor","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5314.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5314.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Melaleuca cajuputi Powell essential oil (MCEO) is widely used in Malay traditional medicine for the treatment of stomach cramps, cough, acne, insect bites, thrush problems and many more. The demand for medicinal applications of MCEO is gradually increasing among the Southeast Asian community. All information regarding MCEO was collected via internet sources such as Google Scholar, Elsevier, PubMed, Baidu Scholar, Web of Science and local books. Meta-analysis method was performed to identify all publications or relevant books regarding the MCEO range from 1998 to 2021. The main bioactive compounds of MCEO include terpenes, esters, aldehydes and alkenes. Scientific research on MCEO has revealed a wide range of pharmacological activities such as contact and fumigant toxicity, repellence, antibacterial activity and many more. The MCEO has a huge potential for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications, but comprehensive toxicity studies must be conducted to ensure their safety. Research on pharmacokinetics studies and potential drug interactions with standard-of-care medications is still limited, which calls for additional studies, particularly in humans. Further assessments and clinical trials should be performed before it can be integrated into medicinal practices.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"2016 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4943.2023
M. GOLAM MUSTAFA, AMY HALIMAH RAJAEE, Hadi Hamli, KHAIRUL ADHA A. RAHIM
The Setipinna breviceps is a commercially important and highly esteemed food fish. This species has scant of scientific formation particularly on population parameters like growth, mortality and recruitment. The present study aimed to estimate the body indices and population parameters of Setipinna breviceps of Batang Lassa Estuary (BLE). Samples were collected between April 2019 and September 2020. A local made bag net known as Gnian (mesh size 1.25 to 4.00 cm) was used for sampling the fish. A total of 287 qualified specimens were used for this study. The length and weight of individual fish was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm and 0.01 g, respectively. The length ranged from 5.50 to 24.00 cm and growth coefficient (b) was 2.563 (R2 = 0.87) which clearly indicated a negative allometric growth. About 50% of individuals showed flat or slender body (Kn<1) and 47% of the specimens were rounded shaped (Kn>1) while 2.44% of fishes measured an ideal shape (Kn = 1). The parameters of growth L∞, K and ϕ’ were estimated at 24.15 cm, 0.23 yr-2 and 2.13, respectively. The estimated natural mortality and fishing mortality were 0.74 and 0.29 yr-2, respectively and exploitation rate was 0.28. The recruitment pattern during the study was observed at two possible unequal peaks. The present study concluded that the anchovy was under exploited (E<0.5) as demonstrated by the under-sized fishes caught with small mesh size net. However, considering the minimum lengths and length at first catch, the BLE could be a productive nursery ground for S. breviceps. Therefore, management actions are required to avoid juvenile catches.
{"title":"Body Indices and Population Dynamics of Setipinna breviceps (Cantor, 1849) from Batang Lassa Estuary, Sarawak, Malaysia","authors":"M. GOLAM MUSTAFA, AMY HALIMAH RAJAEE, Hadi Hamli, KHAIRUL ADHA A. RAHIM","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4943.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4943.2023","url":null,"abstract":"The Setipinna breviceps is a commercially important and highly esteemed food fish. This species has scant of scientific formation particularly on population parameters like growth, mortality and recruitment. The present study aimed to estimate the body indices and population parameters of Setipinna breviceps of Batang Lassa Estuary (BLE). Samples were collected between April 2019 and September 2020. A local made bag net known as Gnian (mesh size 1.25 to 4.00 cm) was used for sampling the fish. A total of 287 qualified specimens were used for this study. The length and weight of individual fish was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm and 0.01 g, respectively. The length ranged from 5.50 to 24.00 cm and growth coefficient (b) was 2.563 (R2 = 0.87) which clearly indicated a negative allometric growth. About 50% of individuals showed flat or slender body (Kn<1) and 47% of the specimens were rounded shaped (Kn>1) while 2.44% of fishes measured an ideal shape (Kn = 1). The parameters of growth L∞, K and ϕ’ were estimated at 24.15 cm, 0.23 yr-2 and 2.13, respectively. The estimated natural mortality and fishing mortality were 0.74 and 0.29 yr-2, respectively and exploitation rate was 0.28. The recruitment pattern during the study was observed at two possible unequal peaks. The present study concluded that the anchovy was under exploited (E<0.5) as demonstrated by the under-sized fishes caught with small mesh size net. However, considering the minimum lengths and length at first catch, the BLE could be a productive nursery ground for S. breviceps. Therefore, management actions are required to avoid juvenile catches.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48161333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.5010.2023
S. Asman, Shalini Raja
Osmotic dehydration is one of the alternative methods that is most frequently employed in the food industry to prevent large accumulation of food waste and postharvest losses, although it has a devastating influence on the textural and structural properties of the fruits. Considering that, this review offers innovative ideas and views on the impact of calcium salts, specifically calcium chloride and calcium lactate, on the impregnation of osmotically dehydrated fruits, along with various pre-treatments. Calcium chloride and calcium lactate salts assist in conserving the quality of fruits in the sense of colour, sensory, textural, structural, and other characteristics since some fruits are very perishable and rapidly degrade. Additional data showed that pre-treatments like blanching, freezing, drying, and ultrasound negatively affect calcium salt impregnation on fruit samples. The focus of this review is mainly on the preservation method of impregnating osmotically dehydrated fruits with calcium chloride and calcium lactate salt treatments, as well as blanching, freezing, drying, and ultrasound pre-treatments.
{"title":"Effect of Pre-treatment on The Impregnation of Osmotically Dehydrated Fruits: A Review","authors":"S. Asman, Shalini Raja","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5010.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5010.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Osmotic dehydration is one of the alternative methods that is most frequently employed in the food industry to prevent large accumulation of food waste and postharvest losses, although it has a devastating influence on the textural and structural properties of the fruits. Considering that, this review offers innovative ideas and views on the impact of calcium salts, specifically calcium chloride and calcium lactate, on the impregnation of osmotically dehydrated fruits, along with various pre-treatments. Calcium chloride and calcium lactate salts assist in conserving the quality of fruits in the sense of colour, sensory, textural, structural, and other characteristics since some fruits are very perishable and rapidly degrade. Additional data showed that pre-treatments like blanching, freezing, drying, and ultrasound negatively affect calcium salt impregnation on fruit samples. The focus of this review is mainly on the preservation method of impregnating osmotically dehydrated fruits with calcium chloride and calcium lactate salt treatments, as well as blanching, freezing, drying, and ultrasound pre-treatments.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46371936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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