Pub Date : 2023-12-29DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.5787.2023
Amos Alvin, Hakim Idris Lokman, Abu Jalila, Md Isa Nur Mahiza, Emmanuel Busayo Ibitoye
Edible Bird Nest (EBN) swiftlet industry plays a significant role in the economic growth in Sarawak. This study aimed at identifying both the external environmental factors and types of insects that are important for a successful swiftlet farmhouse (SFH). For this purpose, a total of 21 SFHs from the southern areas of Sarawak were selected. The external environmental factors of SFH and the type of insects present in relation to the number of EBN swiftlet populations were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that external environmental locations, namely rural and remote areas, were highly selected (71.42%) for the construction of SFHs (p<0.05) compared to the other location categories, as analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Significant relationships (p<0.05) were observed between environmental factors (habitat origin and predation) and the population of EBN swiftlets in the SFHs. Large densities of the EBN swiftlet populations were found in SFHs located in areas with fewer disturbances. The highest population of insect types in most SFHs was Diptera (52.38%). This study can be used as a guideline for swiftlet ranchers looking to startup their EBN swiftlet farming.
{"title":"External Environmental and Insects Factor for Attraction of Edible Bird Nest Swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus) in Sarawak","authors":"Amos Alvin, Hakim Idris Lokman, Abu Jalila, Md Isa Nur Mahiza, Emmanuel Busayo Ibitoye","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5787.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5787.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Edible Bird Nest (EBN) swiftlet industry plays a significant role in the economic growth in Sarawak. This study aimed at identifying both the external environmental factors and types of insects that are important for a successful swiftlet farmhouse (SFH). For this purpose, a total of 21 SFHs from the southern areas of Sarawak were selected. The external environmental factors of SFH and the type of insects present in relation to the number of EBN swiftlet populations were analysed using descriptive statistics. The results showed that external environmental locations, namely rural and remote areas, were highly selected (71.42%) for the construction of SFHs (p<0.05) compared to the other location categories, as analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Significant relationships (p<0.05) were observed between environmental factors (habitat origin and predation) and the population of EBN swiftlets in the SFHs. Large densities of the EBN swiftlet populations were found in SFHs located in areas with fewer disturbances. The highest population of insect types in most SFHs was Diptera (52.38%). This study can be used as a guideline for swiftlet ranchers looking to startup their EBN swiftlet farming.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139145567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phytic acid (IP6), stored in seeds as metal salts known as phytates, binds to micronutrients and prevents its absorption by the human body. The germination process could improve cereal nutritional values by stimulating endogenous phytase activity and promoting phytate degradation. This study evaluated the physicochemical changes of phytates in rice cultivars with different IP6 contents, followed by optimisation of phytate degradation using response surface modeling. The magnitude of changes in IP6 content and phytase activity differed among rice cultivars. This suggested that the efficiency of germination treatments relied on the amount of natural phytic acid and phytase activity present in the rice grains. The cultivar “Tuan” was then selected and studied for the germination effect on phytate degradation using a central composite design. The cultivar gave a lower IP6 content, enhanced phytase activity and improved minerals bioaccessibility under acidic conditions. Acidic germination facilitated the degradation of phytate complexes in whole grain rice by making phytate complexes more soluble, accelerating phytase activity and thus, releasing mineral micronutrients from phytate globoids. The optimum germination condition was identified at pH 2.7, 25 °C over 12 h. In conclusion, germination processing facilitated phytate degradation in whole grain rice to make value-added rice products with low phytic acid and good mineral bioaccessibility.
{"title":"Optimisation of Phytate Degradation in Whole Grain Rice During Germination Processing Using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"H. Lee, Elisha Yiu, ALVIN-LIM-TEIK Zheng, JOSEPH-CHOON-FAH Bong, SU-PENG Loh, PANG-HUNG Yiu","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5347.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5347.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Phytic acid (IP6), stored in seeds as metal salts known as phytates, binds to micronutrients and prevents its absorption by the human body. The germination process could improve cereal nutritional values by stimulating endogenous phytase activity and promoting phytate degradation. This study evaluated the physicochemical changes of phytates in rice cultivars with different IP6 contents, followed by optimisation of phytate degradation using response surface modeling. The magnitude of changes in IP6 content and phytase activity differed among rice cultivars. This suggested that the efficiency of germination treatments relied on the amount of natural phytic acid and phytase activity present in the rice grains. The cultivar “Tuan” was then selected and studied for the germination effect on phytate degradation using a central composite design. The cultivar gave a lower IP6 content, enhanced phytase activity and improved minerals bioaccessibility under acidic conditions. Acidic germination facilitated the degradation of phytate complexes in whole grain rice by making phytate complexes more soluble, accelerating phytase activity and thus, releasing mineral micronutrients from phytate globoids. The optimum germination condition was identified at pH 2.7, 25 °C over 12 h. In conclusion, germination processing facilitated phytate degradation in whole grain rice to make value-added rice products with low phytic acid and good mineral bioaccessibility.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"24 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.5530.2023
MAMUN- AR-RASHID, R. Zamir, Nazmul Islam, Hasan Ahmed, Choudhury M. Zakaria
Having been a common healthcare distress, erectile dysfunction is upsetting the quality of life of men from all walks of life. Along with allopathic therapy, a sizable number of patients opt for energy-stimulating herbal drugs (ESHDs) to treat the ailment. However, a global threat vestige for metal contamination in plant-based drugs at above threshold concentrations. Investigation into metal toxicity through samples from Bangladesh is scarce. Six metals: chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were probed in 25 energy stimulating herbal drug samples by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (F-AAS). Metal content was below detection limit, 51.86 ± 0.07 ppm for Cr, below detection limit, 7.26 ± 0.07 ppm for Cu, 3.41 ± 0.14 – 59.00 ± 0.09 ppm for Fe, 3.54 ± 0.09 – 26.16 ± 0.04 ppm for Mn, below detection limit to 67.34 ± 0.58 ppm for Pb, and below detection limit 27.79 ± 0.07 ppm for Zn. Exposure assessment found Cr and Pb concentrations in the objectionable limits in 12% and 20% of the samples, respectively. This study signifies concern metal toxicity in ESHDs which demands additional probes in the future for other samples to guarantee safe consumption of the drugs.
{"title":"Assessment of Toxic Metals in Commonly Used Energy-Stimulating Herbal Drugs Manufactured in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh","authors":"MAMUN- AR-RASHID, R. Zamir, Nazmul Islam, Hasan Ahmed, Choudhury M. Zakaria","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5530.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5530.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Having been a common healthcare distress, erectile dysfunction is upsetting the quality of life of men from all walks of life. Along with allopathic therapy, a sizable number of patients opt for energy-stimulating herbal drugs (ESHDs) to treat the ailment. However, a global threat vestige for metal contamination in plant-based drugs at above threshold concentrations. Investigation into metal toxicity through samples from Bangladesh is scarce. Six metals: chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) were probed in 25 energy stimulating herbal drug samples by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (F-AAS). Metal content was below detection limit, 51.86 ± 0.07 ppm for Cr, below detection limit, 7.26 ± 0.07 ppm for Cu, 3.41 ± 0.14 – 59.00 ± 0.09 ppm for Fe, 3.54 ± 0.09 – 26.16 ± 0.04 ppm for Mn, below detection limit to 67.34 ± 0.58 ppm for Pb, and below detection limit 27.79 ± 0.07 ppm for Zn. Exposure assessment found Cr and Pb concentrations in the objectionable limits in 12% and 20% of the samples, respectively. This study signifies concern metal toxicity in ESHDs which demands additional probes in the future for other samples to guarantee safe consumption of the drugs.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.5705.2023
Chin Han, Kiat, K. Adha, A. Rahim
African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a popular non-native fish for aquaculture in Malaysia. The issues of non-native fish species have not been much discussed despite general perception of the negative effects of the species on the native biodiversity. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the possible risk of C. gariepinus in Sarawak using a semi-quantitative system of Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit version 2 (FISK v2). There are 49 questions in FISK v2 assessment which was assessed by three independent assessors with fisheries knowledge in Sarawak. Threshold was set at 19.0. Descriptive Statistics using SPSS 25.0 was used to run FISK score from three assessors. Result shows that Clarias gariepinus was categorised as “very high risk”. Clarias gariepinus has a FISK score of 43.00 ± 1.00 with a certainty factor of 0.89 ± 0.08. Environmental and biological criteria, followed by the economic impacts for this species and the gaps in legislation and framework in Sarawak were discussed thoroughly. It can be concluded that this preliminary assessment might have indicate a sign of invasion of this non-native species to the local biodiversity. The tool could be more robust if more comprehensive data are included which eventually be useful to assist in decisions regarding future management of non-native species in Sarawak.
{"title":"Risk Screening of Introduced African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Burchell, 1822) in Sarawak Using the Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK v2)","authors":"Chin Han, Kiat, K. Adha, A. Rahim","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5705.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5705.2023","url":null,"abstract":"African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a popular non-native fish for aquaculture in Malaysia. The issues of non-native fish species have not been much discussed despite general perception of the negative effects of the species on the native biodiversity. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the possible risk of C. gariepinus in Sarawak using a semi-quantitative system of Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit version 2 (FISK v2). There are 49 questions in FISK v2 assessment which was assessed by three independent assessors with fisheries knowledge in Sarawak. Threshold was set at 19.0. Descriptive Statistics using SPSS 25.0 was used to run FISK score from three assessors. Result shows that Clarias gariepinus was categorised as “very high risk”. Clarias gariepinus has a FISK score of 43.00 ± 1.00 with a certainty factor of 0.89 ± 0.08. Environmental and biological criteria, followed by the economic impacts for this species and the gaps in legislation and framework in Sarawak were discussed thoroughly. It can be concluded that this preliminary assessment might have indicate a sign of invasion of this non-native species to the local biodiversity. The tool could be more robust if more comprehensive data are included which eventually be useful to assist in decisions regarding future management of non-native species in Sarawak.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"18 s2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.6033.2023
WEI-LING Ng, CHENG-ANN Chen, S. Teng, A. D. Tuzan, M. N. Mullungal, TIN-YAM Chan
Spiny lobsters Panulirus spp. of the family Palinuridae Latreille, 1802 occupies the shallow tropical and subtropical waters (<100 m depth). These species are ubiquitous and abundant, yet knowledge of its range, biodiversity, and population abundance in Malaysia is limited. Panulirus homarus is listed as “Least Concern” along with other 11 species out of 21 spiny lobster species in the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) red list in 2022. A total of five species were reported from Malaysia waters. Whilst, this study reports the sixth spiny lobster species, Panulirus homarus homarus, with morphology and molecular genetic information (Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene) provided. The p-distance within P. h. homarus was 0.2 – 0.6%, n = 12; between P. h. homarus with P. h. rubellus and P. homarus “Brown” was 6.4 – 6.8%, n = 12 and 0.8 – 3.3%, n = 12, respectively. Intra-species p-distance within Panulirus spp. was below 3%, while inter-species was above 10%. This validates the collected specimen as P. h. homarus and P. h. rubellus is the subspecies, but leaving P. h. “Brown” taxonomic status unclear. Thus, genetic information is important in solving many of these systematic and taxonomic problems, because often these species are difficult to distinguished based on morphological criteria. A key to all Panulirus spp. identified in Malaysia waters was constructed. This study updates the marine biodiversity list in Malaysia, where the acquisition of biological knowledge is vital to the protection of the world’s natural resources as well as to the sustainable management of spiny lobster fisheries.
棘龙虾（Palinuridae Latreille, 1802）科棘龙虾属（Panulirus spp.）生活在热带和亚热带浅海水域（水深小于 100 米）。这些物种无处不在，数量丰富，但对其在马来西亚的分布范围、生物多样性和种群数量的了解却很有限。2022 年，在国际自然及自然资源保护联盟（IUCN）的红色名录中，Panulirus homarus 与 21 个棘龙虾物种中的其他 11 个物种一起被列为 "最不关注 "物种。马来西亚水域共报告了 5 个物种。本研究报告了第六个棘龙虾物种--Panulirus homarus homarus，并提供了形态学和分子遗传信息（细胞色素氧化酶 I（COI）基因）。P. h. homarus内部的p-距离为0.2 - 0.6%，n = 12；P. h. homarus与P. h. rubellus和P.Panulirus属种内的p-距离低于3%，而种间的p-距离高于10%。这验证了采集到的标本为 P. h. homarus，P. h. rubellus 为亚种，但 P. h. "Brown" 的分类地位尚不明确。因此，遗传信息对于解决许多系统学和分类学问题非常重要，因为根据形态学标准，这些物种往往难以区分。本研究构建了一个在马来西亚水域发现的所有 Panulirus spp.的检索表。这项研究更新了马来西亚的海洋生物多样性清单，在马来西亚，获取生物知识对于保护世界自然资源和棘龙虾渔业的可持续管理至关重要。
{"title":"A New Record of Panulirus homarus homarus (Panulirus spp.) from Malaysia Waters with its Molecular Phylogeny","authors":"WEI-LING Ng, CHENG-ANN Chen, S. Teng, A. D. Tuzan, M. N. Mullungal, TIN-YAM Chan","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.6033.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.6033.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Spiny lobsters Panulirus spp. of the family Palinuridae Latreille, 1802 occupies the shallow tropical and subtropical waters (<100 m depth). These species are ubiquitous and abundant, yet knowledge of its range, biodiversity, and population abundance in Malaysia is limited. Panulirus homarus is listed as “Least Concern” along with other 11 species out of 21 spiny lobster species in the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) red list in 2022. A total of five species were reported from Malaysia waters. Whilst, this study reports the sixth spiny lobster species, Panulirus homarus homarus, with morphology and molecular genetic information (Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene) provided. The p-distance within P. h. homarus was 0.2 – 0.6%, n = 12; between P. h. homarus with P. h. rubellus and P. homarus “Brown” was 6.4 – 6.8%, n = 12 and 0.8 – 3.3%, n = 12, respectively. Intra-species p-distance within Panulirus spp. was below 3%, while inter-species was above 10%. This validates the collected specimen as P. h. homarus and P. h. rubellus is the subspecies, but leaving P. h. “Brown” taxonomic status unclear. Thus, genetic information is important in solving many of these systematic and taxonomic problems, because often these species are difficult to distinguished based on morphological criteria. A key to all Panulirus spp. identified in Malaysia waters was constructed. This study updates the marine biodiversity list in Malaysia, where the acquisition of biological knowledge is vital to the protection of the world’s natural resources as well as to the sustainable management of spiny lobster fisheries.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"225 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.5935.2023
Ainaa Nadiah, Abd Halim, Aina Syakirah, Mohammad Hussin, Z. Ngaini, Ngui Sing, Stephanie Alma Jong, Muhammad Muqri, Mohamad Saberi
In the field of drug development, structural modification of over-the-counter drugs is extensive to combat drug-resistant strains as well as discover new purposes or biological applications. Paracetamol is an example of OTC analgesic drug that is commonly used in the treatment of pain and fever. In this research, paracetamol was modified by introducing various alkyl chains C 𝑛 H 2 𝑛 +1 , where 𝑛 varied from 3 to 14 via Williamson etherification with bromoalkanes to yield 49% – 86% of N -(4-oxy)phenyl)acetamide derivatives 1-10 . Employing the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, the bacteriostatic activity of the series in comparison to the parental compound (paracetamol) and standard drug (ampicillin) showed that compounds 1 ( n = 3), 4 ( n = 6) and 7 ( n = 9) displayed excellent activity against Escherichia coli with an inhibition zone of 8.1 ± 0.4 mm, 8.3 ± 0.4 mm and 7.9 ± 0.5 mm, respectively, while the paracetamol and ampicillin inhibition zones are 8.0 ± 0.0 mm and 16.0 ± 0.0 mm, respectively. Interestingly, compounds 7 ( n = 9) and 10 ( n = 14) exhibited excellent activity towards Staphylococcus aureus with an inhibition zone of 8.2 ± 0.4 mm and 12.5 ± 0.5 mm, respectively, outperforming paracetamol (6.0 ± 0.0 mm) and ampicillin (11.0 ± 0.0 mm). The in vitro findings were in line with the molecular docking investigation conducted using AutoDock Vina software towards the active site of DNA gyrase enzymes, revealing the structure-activity relationship of the series. Besides, the synthesised compounds 1-10 complied with the drug-likeness analysis and ADME pharmacokinetics profile. The results of this study are significant in delivering new prospects of the potential antibacterial drugs obtained through derivatisation of the known drug, paracetamol. While these initial results are promising, further toxicity and in vivo analyses are necessary to ensure the efficacy and safety of the newly developed drug in living organisms, providing a clearer understanding of its potential as an antibacterial medicine.
{"title":"Synthesis, in vitro and in silico Studies of Alkylated Paracetamol Derivatives as Potential Antibacterial Agent","authors":"Ainaa Nadiah, Abd Halim, Aina Syakirah, Mohammad Hussin, Z. Ngaini, Ngui Sing, Stephanie Alma Jong, Muhammad Muqri, Mohamad Saberi","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5935.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5935.2023","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of drug development, structural modification of over-the-counter drugs is extensive to combat drug-resistant strains as well as discover new purposes or biological applications. Paracetamol is an example of OTC analgesic drug that is commonly used in the treatment of pain and fever. In this research, paracetamol was modified by introducing various alkyl chains C 𝑛 H 2 𝑛 +1 , where 𝑛 varied from 3 to 14 via Williamson etherification with bromoalkanes to yield 49% – 86% of N -(4-oxy)phenyl)acetamide derivatives 1-10 . Employing the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, the bacteriostatic activity of the series in comparison to the parental compound (paracetamol) and standard drug (ampicillin) showed that compounds 1 ( n = 3), 4 ( n = 6) and 7 ( n = 9) displayed excellent activity against Escherichia coli with an inhibition zone of 8.1 ± 0.4 mm, 8.3 ± 0.4 mm and 7.9 ± 0.5 mm, respectively, while the paracetamol and ampicillin inhibition zones are 8.0 ± 0.0 mm and 16.0 ± 0.0 mm, respectively. Interestingly, compounds 7 ( n = 9) and 10 ( n = 14) exhibited excellent activity towards Staphylococcus aureus with an inhibition zone of 8.2 ± 0.4 mm and 12.5 ± 0.5 mm, respectively, outperforming paracetamol (6.0 ± 0.0 mm) and ampicillin (11.0 ± 0.0 mm). The in vitro findings were in line with the molecular docking investigation conducted using AutoDock Vina software towards the active site of DNA gyrase enzymes, revealing the structure-activity relationship of the series. Besides, the synthesised compounds 1-10 complied with the drug-likeness analysis and ADME pharmacokinetics profile. The results of this study are significant in delivering new prospects of the potential antibacterial drugs obtained through derivatisation of the known drug, paracetamol. While these initial results are promising, further toxicity and in vivo analyses are necessary to ensure the efficacy and safety of the newly developed drug in living organisms, providing a clearer understanding of its potential as an antibacterial medicine.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"336 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.5557.2023
H. Purnobasuki, Sitta Amaliyah, Kazutaka Kobayashi
The mangrove ecosystem is supported by the production and decomposition of leaf litter, as well as the release of nutrients into the environment and the neighbouring coastal seas. The release of phosphorus and nitrogen contributes significantly to the improvement of the nutritional values, which benefits marine species and the neighbourhood. In the current study, nutrient release, leaf decomposition rate, litter generation, and mangrove habitat at Surabaya East Coast, Java, Indonesia were all examined. Three transects and three plots in each transect were established. The percentage of initial dry mass remaining in the litter bags were determined by using two sample t-test in Statistica 6.0 software. The decomposition of Rhizophora apiculata leaves was studied by using litter bag technique. They were made of synthetic nylon with the dimension of 15×15×25 cm and mesh size of 1×1.25 mm2. Senescent leaves were used because they present major leaves on the forest floor. According to the findings, daily mangrove litter production (dry weight) varied between 2.15 and 3.28 g/m2. Branch litter (9.43 – 13.27%), reproductive parts (8.20 – 14, 31%), and leaf litter (76.26 – 78.53%) were the other major contributors. The 345.6 ha of mangrove forests along the east coast of Surabaya are the results of reforestation, which has the potential to produce nitrogen and phosphorus at the rates of 109.43 to 173.549 kg/ha/year and 5.467 to 8.12 kg/h/year, respectively. These results imply that decomposition breakdown rates differ across the research area due to the variation in the nutrients availability. Changes in the breakdown of detritus point to variations in nutrient intake, which is crucial for mangrove ecosystems.
{"title":"Production and Decomposition of Mangrove Species Rhizophora apiculata Blume in Surabaya East Coast Indonesia","authors":"H. Purnobasuki, Sitta Amaliyah, Kazutaka Kobayashi","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5557.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5557.2023","url":null,"abstract":"The mangrove ecosystem is supported by the production and decomposition of leaf litter, as well as the release of nutrients into the environment and the neighbouring coastal seas. The release of phosphorus and nitrogen contributes significantly to the improvement of the nutritional values, which benefits marine species and the neighbourhood. In the current study, nutrient release, leaf decomposition rate, litter generation, and mangrove habitat at Surabaya East Coast, Java, Indonesia were all examined. Three transects and three plots in each transect were established. The percentage of initial dry mass remaining in the litter bags were determined by using two sample t-test in Statistica 6.0 software. The decomposition of Rhizophora apiculata leaves was studied by using litter bag technique. They were made of synthetic nylon with the dimension of 15×15×25 cm and mesh size of 1×1.25 mm2. Senescent leaves were used because they present major leaves on the forest floor. According to the findings, daily mangrove litter production (dry weight) varied between 2.15 and 3.28 g/m2. Branch litter (9.43 – 13.27%), reproductive parts (8.20 – 14, 31%), and leaf litter (76.26 – 78.53%) were the other major contributors. The 345.6 ha of mangrove forests along the east coast of Surabaya are the results of reforestation, which has the potential to produce nitrogen and phosphorus at the rates of 109.43 to 173.549 kg/ha/year and 5.467 to 8.12 kg/h/year, respectively. These results imply that decomposition breakdown rates differ across the research area due to the variation in the nutrients availability. Changes in the breakdown of detritus point to variations in nutrient intake, which is crucial for mangrove ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.6001.2023
Nurul Aqilah, Mohd Hanafi Idris Pausi, Muhammad Syahir, AB Lah
Terengganu has a large coastal and wetland area where it provides habitat for edible mollusc. The edible molluscs are one of the most important sources of animal protein for the local communities. The distribution of edible molluscs was studied in six districts of the Terengganu coastal waters between August 2020 and March 2022. In each district, samples were purchased from the wet market, fishing villages and roadside outlets every four months interval. A total of 1,043 individuals was observed and 23 species of edible molluscs were recorded from six districts of Terengganu representing 11 families. Bivalves were found to be dominated by 14 species from seven families. The family Cyrenidae (bivalve) was widespread in five districts where Geloina expansa, was recorded in almost all districts. Meanwhile, for gastropods, nine species from four families were found where Ellobiidae (gastropod) was dominant and the most common gastropod species was Faunus ater, which was found in four locations in Terengganu. These species have great commercial value in Terengganu districts as they are sought extensively as food by the locals and also represent one of their sources of financial survival, especially for those living near to coastal areas. This baseline study could serve as a future indicator for the sustainable management of fisheries resources and for further ecological studies.
{"title":"Distribution of Commercially Important Edible Mollusc (Bivalvia and Gastropoda) from Six Districts of Terengganu, Malaysia","authors":"Nurul Aqilah, Mohd Hanafi Idris Pausi, Muhammad Syahir, AB Lah","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.6001.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.6001.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Terengganu has a large coastal and wetland area where it provides habitat for edible mollusc. The edible molluscs are one of the most important sources of animal protein for the local communities. The distribution of edible molluscs was studied in six districts of the Terengganu coastal waters between August 2020 and March 2022. In each district, samples were purchased from the wet market, fishing villages and roadside outlets every four months interval. A total of 1,043 individuals was observed and 23 species of edible molluscs were recorded from six districts of Terengganu representing 11 families. Bivalves were found to be dominated by 14 species from seven families. The family Cyrenidae (bivalve) was widespread in five districts where Geloina expansa, was recorded in almost all districts. Meanwhile, for gastropods, nine species from four families were found where Ellobiidae (gastropod) was dominant and the most common gastropod species was Faunus ater, which was found in four locations in Terengganu. These species have great commercial value in Terengganu districts as they are sought extensively as food by the locals and also represent one of their sources of financial survival, especially for those living near to coastal areas. This baseline study could serve as a future indicator for the sustainable management of fisheries resources and for further ecological studies.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"27 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.5853.2023
Leonard Whye, Kit Lim, Hui Chung
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a huge pandemic repercussion across the globe and it is mainly contributed by the human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). There are seven human respiratory coronaviruses identified to date, namely HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. A recently published bioinformatic human CoV comparison only covered four human CoV. Therefore, in this study, a bioinformatics approach-based analyses route was taken to dissect the S proteins of all the available (seven) human respiratory coronaviruses publicly available in the GenBank database. The antigenic epitope amount is postulated to be the most accurate bioindicator among all in determining the severity of a particular human respiratory coronavirus. Other powerful bioinformatic indicators are global similarity index, maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis as well as domain analysis. The data generated in this study can be channelled to the vaccine and antiviral drug development to combat the current and future spread of the human respiratory coronaviruses.
{"title":"Analysis of Seven Human Respiratory Coronavirus (CoV) S Proteins from a Bioinformatics Approach","authors":"Leonard Whye, Kit Lim, Hui Chung","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5853.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5853.2023","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a huge pandemic repercussion across the globe and it is mainly contributed by the human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). There are seven human respiratory coronaviruses identified to date, namely HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. A recently published bioinformatic human CoV comparison only covered four human CoV. Therefore, in this study, a bioinformatics approach-based analyses route was taken to dissect the S proteins of all the available (seven) human respiratory coronaviruses publicly available in the GenBank database. The antigenic epitope amount is postulated to be the most accurate bioindicator among all in determining the severity of a particular human respiratory coronavirus. Other powerful bioinformatic indicators are global similarity index, maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis as well as domain analysis. The data generated in this study can be channelled to the vaccine and antiviral drug development to combat the current and future spread of the human respiratory coronaviruses.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"11 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139158299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-25DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.5591.2023
Senty Vun-Sang, MOHAMMAD IQBAL
Medicinal plants have long been used as primary antidotes for a variety of ailments, including tuberculosis, heart diseases, cancer, wound healing, asthma, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, pharyngitis, etc. Medicinal plant of Ficus septica Burm. f. (Moraceae) is a subtropical tree commonly known as the ivory fig, septic fig or white-veined fig. The present work aims to investigate the antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid content, and qualitative screening of various phytochemicals in aqueous extracts of F. septica leaves. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were calculated using Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride reagents. The antioxidative effect of F. septica was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Ficus septica was found to contain 27.32 ± 0.03 mg/g total phenolics expressed as gallic acid equivalent and 12.65 ± 0.00 mg/g total flavonoid expressed as catechin equivalent. In addition, the leaf extracts were found to contain various secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids. The ability of F. septica to scavenge the DPPH radical was determined by its IC50 value. The IC50 value of F. septica was 4.45 µg/mL. Inferred from the presence of phytochemicals, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of the plant, F. septica could be a potential addition to pharmaceutical products to improve human health by participating in the antioxidant defence system against the production of free radicals.
{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extract of Ficus septica Leaves from Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"Senty Vun-Sang, MOHAMMAD IQBAL","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5591.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5591.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants have long been used as primary antidotes for a variety of ailments, including tuberculosis, heart diseases, cancer, wound healing, asthma, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, pharyngitis, etc. Medicinal plant of Ficus septica Burm. f. (Moraceae) is a subtropical tree commonly known as the ivory fig, septic fig or white-veined fig. The present work aims to investigate the antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid content, and qualitative screening of various phytochemicals in aqueous extracts of F. septica leaves. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were calculated using Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride reagents. The antioxidative effect of F. septica was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Ficus septica was found to contain 27.32 ± 0.03 mg/g total phenolics expressed as gallic acid equivalent and 12.65 ± 0.00 mg/g total flavonoid expressed as catechin equivalent. In addition, the leaf extracts were found to contain various secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids. The ability of F. septica to scavenge the DPPH radical was determined by its IC50 value. The IC50 value of F. septica was 4.45 µg/mL. Inferred from the presence of phytochemicals, total phenolic and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of the plant, F. septica could be a potential addition to pharmaceutical products to improve human health by participating in the antioxidant defence system against the production of free radicals.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"29 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139157731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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