Studies were conducted to broaden the systematic knowledge of the genus Duranta erecta L., to contribute a better understanding of their taxonomic and evolutionary relationships. Previous studies have pointed out complexity in the taxonomy and nomenclature of the species. A total of 224 samples were collected from six geo-political zones of Nigeria, and were grouped into 38 accessions. The plants were compared using 21 morphological characters involving qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Multivariate analyses such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) were employed to evaluate the intraspecific variabilities. The results showed that all the plants exhibited significant differences in all the quantitative attributes with the variegated type having the longest and widest leaves ranging from 12.20 cm and 5.08 cm, respectively. The qualitative characters delimited the plants accessions into distinctive groups of eight morphological forms namely; green bush, yellow bush, variegated yellow, variegated white, variegated yellow double, plain yellow, broad green, thorny green type. The PCA showed that leaf length, leaf width, internode length and length of inflorescence were some of the quantitative characters while leaf shape, leaf colour, leaf margin, flower colour and leaf apex are some of the qualitative traits that accounted for the delimitation. Unpaired Weighted Group Multivariate Analysis (UPGMA) using the Euclidian separated the 38 accessions into two major clusters; cluster I (flower producing) and cluster II (non-flower producing) Duranta erecta. Morphological variations and field observations suggested that there could be gene flow among the accessions of Duranta erecta studied and gene flow is an important factor in population genetics, shaping the diversity of species.
{"title":"Morphometric Studies of Accessions of Duranta erecta L. (Vebernaceae) Complex in Nigeria","authors":"Abdulquadri Sagaya, Abdullahi Alanamu, Abdulrahaman","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5277.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5277.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Studies were conducted to broaden the systematic knowledge of the genus Duranta erecta L., to contribute a better understanding of their taxonomic and evolutionary relationships. Previous studies have pointed out complexity in the taxonomy and nomenclature of the species. A total of 224 samples were collected from six geo-political zones of Nigeria, and were grouped into 38 accessions. The plants were compared using 21 morphological characters involving qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Multivariate analyses such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) were employed to evaluate the intraspecific variabilities. The results showed that all the plants exhibited significant differences in all the quantitative attributes with the variegated type having the longest and widest leaves ranging from 12.20 cm and 5.08 cm, respectively. The qualitative characters delimited the plants accessions into distinctive groups of eight morphological forms namely; green bush, yellow bush, variegated yellow, variegated white, variegated yellow double, plain yellow, broad green, thorny green type. The PCA showed that leaf length, leaf width, internode length and length of inflorescence were some of the quantitative characters while leaf shape, leaf colour, leaf margin, flower colour and leaf apex are some of the qualitative traits that accounted for the delimitation. Unpaired Weighted Group Multivariate Analysis (UPGMA) using the Euclidian separated the 38 accessions into two major clusters; cluster I (flower producing) and cluster II (non-flower producing) Duranta erecta. Morphological variations and field observations suggested that there could be gene flow among the accessions of Duranta erecta studied and gene flow is an important factor in population genetics, shaping the diversity of species.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46135701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Botryococcus is a microalgal genus known for its ability to generate and accumulate substantial amounts of lipids via carbohydrate metabolism. This work determined the metabolic pathways and enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism leading to increased synthesis of fat in Botryococcus sp. Relevant intracellular and extracellular metabolites were extracted and quantified using chromatographic analysis. Enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism leading to lipid formation in Botryococcus sp. under natural conditions were also discovered by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by proteomic mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and database searching. Proximate analysis demonstrated 23.0% total carbohydrate, 16.0% protein and 61.0% lipid per milligram biomass dry weight of Botryococcus sp. The extracellular metabolites constitute mostly of cyclohydrocarbons, nitrogenated hydrocarbons, siloxanes, phenols, and phenol derivatives. A glycolytic enzyme “enolase,” which can create phosphoenolpyruvate and subsequently convert it into pyruvate, was found in this study. This study revealed that enolase provided an alternate pathway to export fixed carbon to the cytoplasm, hence providing a shorter route to lipid production than the normal process via the plastid leading to the manufacture of more lipids in the cells of Botryococcus sp. than other microalgae of the same group.
{"title":"Identification of Carbohydrates Metabolic Related Enzymes for Lipid Production in Botryococcus sp., a Microalgae Isolated from Taman Negara Endau Rompin","authors":"ZUBAINATU ABBA, SITI FATIMAH ZAHARAH MOHAMAD FUZI, HAZEL MONICA MATIAS-PERALTA","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5080.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5080.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Botryococcus is a microalgal genus known for its ability to generate and accumulate substantial amounts of lipids via carbohydrate metabolism. This work determined the metabolic pathways and enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism leading to increased synthesis of fat in Botryococcus sp. Relevant intracellular and extracellular metabolites were extracted and quantified using chromatographic analysis. Enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism leading to lipid formation in Botryococcus sp. under natural conditions were also discovered by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by proteomic mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and database searching. Proximate analysis demonstrated 23.0% total carbohydrate, 16.0% protein and 61.0% lipid per milligram biomass dry weight of Botryococcus sp. The extracellular metabolites constitute mostly of cyclohydrocarbons, nitrogenated hydrocarbons, siloxanes, phenols, and phenol derivatives. A glycolytic enzyme “enolase,” which can create phosphoenolpyruvate and subsequently convert it into pyruvate, was found in this study. This study revealed that enolase provided an alternate pathway to export fixed carbon to the cytoplasm, hence providing a shorter route to lipid production than the normal process via the plastid leading to the manufacture of more lipids in the cells of Botryococcus sp. than other microalgae of the same group. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47642800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.5104.2023
NURUL AZYLA AZMI, SHARIFAH AMINAH SYED MOHAMAD, ABU MUSLIM AHMAD, NAJIHAH MOHD SANI, SITI ROHA AB MUTALIB, FAZDLINA SAPEE
Every year there are reports of food poisoning involving food sold at the Ramadan bazaar and one of the causes of food poisoning is Bacillus cereus. This study aimed to determine the contamination level of B. cereus and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates in food sold at Ramadan bazaar in Kuching, Sarawak. A total of 155 samples from five food categories were collected from six Ramadan bazaars in three locations around Kuching. Overall, 32 (21%) food samples were found positive for B. cereus. Cooked rice showed the least satisfactory levels of B. cereus among the food categories and nasi lemak was the type of food that highly contaminated with B. cereus. Antibiotic susceptibility assessment showed that B. cereus isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic, penicillin and cefotaxime in this study. The findings of this study showed that B. cereus has the potential to cause food poisoning to Ramadan bazaar consumers due to the high mean count in some types of food. Therefore, this study can be used as basic data for B. cereus control measures in food sold at the Ramadan bazaar.
{"title":"Contamination of Bacillus cereus in Foods Sold at Ramadan Bazaar in Kuching, Sarawak","authors":"NURUL AZYLA AZMI, SHARIFAH AMINAH SYED MOHAMAD, ABU MUSLIM AHMAD, NAJIHAH MOHD SANI, SITI ROHA AB MUTALIB, FAZDLINA SAPEE","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5104.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5104.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Every year there are reports of food poisoning involving food sold at the Ramadan bazaar and one of the causes of food poisoning is Bacillus cereus. This study aimed to determine the contamination level of B. cereus and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates in food sold at Ramadan bazaar in Kuching, Sarawak. A total of 155 samples from five food categories were collected from six Ramadan bazaars in three locations around Kuching. Overall, 32 (21%) food samples were found positive for B. cereus. Cooked rice showed the least satisfactory levels of B. cereus among the food categories and nasi lemak was the type of food that highly contaminated with B. cereus. Antibiotic susceptibility assessment showed that B. cereus isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic, penicillin and cefotaxime in this study. The findings of this study showed that B. cereus has the potential to cause food poisoning to Ramadan bazaar consumers due to the high mean count in some types of food. Therefore, this study can be used as basic data for B. cereus control measures in food sold at the Ramadan bazaar.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42096385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.5321.2023
STEFFIE PHILIP, GABRIEL TONGA NOWEG, Andrew Alek Tuen, JONGKAR GRINANG
The intensive development of agricultural activities can be a major threat to the extinction of fish fauna in the tropical headwater streams of Borneo Island. Insufficient information on the influence of multiple land-use on fish communities can lead to failure in preserving ecological buffer zones along stream channels and the loss of aquatic biodiversity. We investigated fish communities of tropical headwater streams in Bau District of Sarawak State that flow through different types of land-uses. It is hypothesised that multiple land-use influent fish diversity and abundance. Fish were sampled at three headwater streams, Sg Bu’un, Sg Dian and Sg Sibomou of Sarawak Kanan River that have multiple land use in the catchment areas. The assessment of land use activities and fish sampling were done once in dry and rainy months. The assessment of land use showed that the distribution of agricultural activities is not consistent across the water catchments of the three headwater streams, which among others could be depending on soil fertility and the interests of the farmers. Oil palm plantation was the major agricultural activity in the catchment of headwater streams. The aboveground biomass varied with the type of land use, size of coverage, and age of the forest or plantation. The fish fauna of the three headwater streams was represented by 25 species in ten families and six orders, which was dominated by the family Cyprinidae. The cyprinids made up 17% of the total individuals with three dominant species are Barbodes sealei, Rasbora cryptica and Oxygaster anomalura. The diversity index of Shannon was significantly different among the three headwater streams. The headwater streams with high coverage of oil palm plantations showed significantly low species richness and high number of individuals. Fish richness and abundance in dry season were significantly lower than rainy season. The less sensitive species such as Systomus rubripinnis, Barbodes sealei, Rasbora cryptica,and Parachela oxygastroides were dominant in three headwater streams in both wet and dry months. The findings of this study may suggest that the width of buffer zone along stream channel could be estimated by integrating size of the major land use in the catchment, precipitation, and management practices of each type of land-use.
{"title":"Fish Communities of Tropical Headwater Streams Under Multiple Land-use Influence","authors":"STEFFIE PHILIP, GABRIEL TONGA NOWEG, Andrew Alek Tuen, JONGKAR GRINANG","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.5321.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5321.2023","url":null,"abstract":"The intensive development of agricultural activities can be a major threat to the extinction of fish fauna in the tropical headwater streams of Borneo Island. Insufficient information on the influence of multiple land-use on fish communities can lead to failure in preserving ecological buffer zones along stream channels and the loss of aquatic biodiversity. We investigated fish communities of tropical headwater streams in Bau District of Sarawak State that flow through different types of land-uses. It is hypothesised that multiple land-use influent fish diversity and abundance. Fish were sampled at three headwater streams, Sg Bu’un, Sg Dian and Sg Sibomou of Sarawak Kanan River that have multiple land use in the catchment areas. The assessment of land use activities and fish sampling were done once in dry and rainy months. The assessment of land use showed that the distribution of agricultural activities is not consistent across the water catchments of the three headwater streams, which among others could be depending on soil fertility and the interests of the farmers. Oil palm plantation was the major agricultural activity in the catchment of headwater streams. The aboveground biomass varied with the type of land use, size of coverage, and age of the forest or plantation. The fish fauna of the three headwater streams was represented by 25 species in ten families and six orders, which was dominated by the family Cyprinidae. The cyprinids made up 17% of the total individuals with three dominant species are Barbodes sealei, Rasbora cryptica and Oxygaster anomalura. The diversity index of Shannon was significantly different among the three headwater streams. The headwater streams with high coverage of oil palm plantations showed significantly low species richness and high number of individuals. Fish richness and abundance in dry season were significantly lower than rainy season. The less sensitive species such as Systomus rubripinnis, Barbodes sealei, Rasbora cryptica,and Parachela oxygastroides were dominant in three headwater streams in both wet and dry months. The findings of this study may suggest that the width of buffer zone along stream channel could be estimated by integrating size of the major land use in the catchment, precipitation, and management practices of each type of land-use. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47400158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4642.2022
SURIYANTI SU NYUN PAU, NUR KHAIYYIRAH ZAMRI, FATIN QURRATU’ AINI ZAINI, DZULHELMI NASIR, ZAIDI CHE COB, AHMAD AFANDI MURDI
Terminalia catappa leaf, also known as Ketapang leaf, is well known for its medicinal properties and long history of use in aquaculture. Studies on the effects of leaf extracts on fish productivity are scarce. This study performed a time-series observation of ground young and mature T. catapppa leaves on tropical phytoplankton productivity. The young and mature leaves were prepared as fine powder separately. For the time-series experiment, 10 grams of each ground leaf were added to 10 L of lake water containing phytoplankton and incubated at room temperature with ambient illumination. The chlorophyll a saturation optical density was quantified on alternate days using a spectrophotometer and the data were analysed using Origin 6.0 Software. On Day 11, the chlorophyll a percentage had decreased by 73% and 81% in the control and mature leave treatment carboys, respectively. Meanwhile, the sample treated with young leaves of T. catappa showed only a 29% decrease. The results have shown that phytoplankton treated with young T. catappa powder demonstrated a positive but weak correlation (R² = 0.123), represented by the chlorophyll saturations. This study supported the hypothesis that young T. catappa leaves sustained phytoplankton growth.
{"title":"Terminalia catappa Leaves Effects on Aquatic Primary Productivities","authors":"SURIYANTI SU NYUN PAU, NUR KHAIYYIRAH ZAMRI, FATIN QURRATU’ AINI ZAINI, DZULHELMI NASIR, ZAIDI CHE COB, AHMAD AFANDI MURDI","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4642.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4642.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Terminalia catappa leaf, also known as Ketapang leaf, is well known for its medicinal properties and long history of use in aquaculture. Studies on the effects of leaf extracts on fish productivity are scarce. This study performed a time-series observation of ground young and mature T. catapppa leaves on tropical phytoplankton productivity. The young and mature leaves were prepared as fine powder separately. For the time-series experiment, 10 grams of each ground leaf were added to 10 L of lake water containing phytoplankton and incubated at room temperature with ambient illumination. The chlorophyll a saturation optical density was quantified on alternate days using a spectrophotometer and the data were analysed using Origin 6.0 Software. On Day 11, the chlorophyll a percentage had decreased by 73% and 81% in the control and mature leave treatment carboys, respectively. Meanwhile, the sample treated with young leaves of T. catappa showed only a 29% decrease. The results have shown that phytoplankton treated with young T. catappa powder demonstrated a positive but weak correlation (R² = 0.123), represented by the chlorophyll saturations. This study supported the hypothesis that young T. catappa leaves sustained phytoplankton growth.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47116765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4656.2022
GBENGA FESTUS AKOMOLAFE, ZAKARIA RAHMAD, FARAH ALIA NORDIN, RUSLY ROSAZLINA
On a scientific expedition to Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve at Muar, Johor, Malaysia, 71 fern species belonging to 16 families and 25 genera were collected and identified. Fifty-one of the ferns are native to Peninsular Malaysia while the remaining 20 are non-native. Five newly recorded fern species in Johor, Southern Peninsular Malaysia, namely Angiopteris helferiana, Lindsaea trichomanoides, Lomariopsis brackenridgei, Pteris umbrosa and Pteris cretica were briefly described.
{"title":"A Note on New Records of Ferns at Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Johor, Malaysia","authors":"GBENGA FESTUS AKOMOLAFE, ZAKARIA RAHMAD, FARAH ALIA NORDIN, RUSLY ROSAZLINA","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4656.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4656.2022","url":null,"abstract":"On a scientific expedition to Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve at Muar, Johor, Malaysia, 71 fern species belonging to 16 families and 25 genera were collected and identified. Fifty-one of the ferns are native to Peninsular Malaysia while the remaining 20 are non-native. Five newly recorded fern species in Johor, Southern Peninsular Malaysia, namely Angiopteris helferiana, Lindsaea trichomanoides, Lomariopsis brackenridgei, Pteris umbrosa and Pteris cretica were briefly described.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42299563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pre-diabetic is a disease that is caused by insulin resistance, which is identified by higher blood glucose levels than normal. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) contains curcumin compounds that act as antioxidants to prevent damage from free radicals and to repair damaged kidney tissue from pre-diabetic condition. Organic quail eggs are supplements that can help to repair kidney tissue. This study investigated the effect of turmeric powder and organic quail eggs on pre-diabetic kidney tissue histopathology of male white rats. Twenty-five male white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) were used in this study and they were divided into 5 treatment groups, namely D0 (normal white rats were given standard diet), D1 (positive control, pre-diabetic white rats were given standard diet), D2 (pre-diabetic white rats were given turmeric powder 1.35 mg/head/day), D3 (pre-diabetic white rats were given 1 organic quail egg/head/day), and D4 (pre-diabetic white rats were given turmeric powder 1.35 mg/head/day and 1 organic quail egg/head/day). This research was done within 60 days. The results of the study were analysed using the ANOVA and Duncan tests. The analysis results showed that turmeric powder and organic quail eggs treatments had a significant effect on the observed parameters. The conclusion of this study is that the effect of turmeric powder and organic quail eggs has the potential to repair the kidney tissue of pre-diabetic white rats
糖尿病前期是一种由胰岛素抵抗引起的疾病，其特征是血糖水平高于正常水平。姜黄(Curcuma longa L.)含有姜黄素化合物，作为抗氧化剂，可以防止自由基的损害，修复糖尿病前期受损的肾组织。有机鹌鹑蛋是一种补品，可以帮助修复肾脏组织。本研究探讨了姜黄粉和有机鹌鹑蛋对糖尿病前期雄性大鼠肾脏组织病理学的影响。选用雄性褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus L.) 25只，分为5个治疗组，分别为D0(正常白鼠给予标准饮食)、D1(阳性对照，糖尿病前期白鼠给予标准饮食)、D2(糖尿病前期白鼠给予姜黄粉1.35 mg/头/天)、D3(糖尿病前期白鼠给予有机鹌鹑蛋1个/头/天)、D4(糖尿病前期大鼠给予姜黄粉1.35 mg/头/d，有机鹌鹑蛋1个/头/d)。这项研究在60天内完成。采用方差分析和邓肯检验对研究结果进行分析。分析结果表明，姜黄粉和有机鹌鹑蛋处理对观测参数有显著影响。本研究的结论是，姜黄粉和有机鹌鹑蛋具有修复糖尿病前期大鼠肾脏组织的潜力
{"title":"Histopathology of Pre-diabetic White Rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) Renal After Treatment with Turmeric Powder and Organic Quail Eggs","authors":"AZURA ZUHRI LAZUARDI, TEGUH SUPRIHATIN, SILVANA TANA","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4920.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4920.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-diabetic is a disease that is caused by insulin resistance, which is identified by higher blood glucose levels than normal. Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) contains curcumin compounds that act as antioxidants to prevent damage from free radicals and to repair damaged kidney tissue from pre-diabetic condition. Organic quail eggs are supplements that can help to repair kidney tissue. This study investigated the effect of turmeric powder and organic quail eggs on pre-diabetic kidney tissue histopathology of male white rats. Twenty-five male white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.) were used in this study and they were divided into 5 treatment groups, namely D0 (normal white rats were given standard diet), D1 (positive control, pre-diabetic white rats were given standard diet), D2 (pre-diabetic white rats were given turmeric powder 1.35 mg/head/day), D3 (pre-diabetic white rats were given 1 organic quail egg/head/day), and D4 (pre-diabetic white rats were given turmeric powder 1.35 mg/head/day and 1 organic quail egg/head/day). This research was done within 60 days. The results of the study were analysed using the ANOVA and Duncan tests. The analysis results showed that turmeric powder and organic quail eggs treatments had a significant effect on the observed parameters. The conclusion of this study is that the effect of turmeric powder and organic quail eggs has the potential to repair the kidney tissue of pre-diabetic white rats","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42305142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microalgae, Chlorella ellipsoidea is an excellent energy source for food and biofuel production. Nevertheless, the production cost of C. ellipsoidea using Bold's Basal Medium (BBM) is expensive, which led to the exploration of alternative low-cost medium for large-scale production. Low-cost fermented wheat bran extract medium (FWBEM), which has good nutritional properties, might be an alternative feedstock for mass production of C. ellipsoidea. The present study was conducted to evaluate the growth and production of C. ellipsoidea using different concentrations of FWBEM. Wheat bran was fermented at the concentration of 8.33, 6.66, and 5.00 g/L water labelled as T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The BBM was used as the control medium (T1). The growth and production of C. ellipsoidea were monitored for three days in terms of cell dry weight, specific growth rate, optical cell density, chlorophyll a content, and cell numbers. Those growth data revealed that C. ellipsoidea cultured at 6.66 g/L (T3) did not vary significantly with the standard inorganic BBM. However, T2 and T4 showed substantially lower cell growth and chlorophyll a content than control and T3. Compared to the BBM, a significant reduction in production cost was obtained in the FWBEM. Based on the cell biomass growth, pigmentation, and production cost, FWBEM at a 6.66 g/L could be used as an alternative medium. Therefore, FWBEM has excellent potential to be used for the low-cost production of C. ellipsoidea.
{"title":"Utilisation of Fermented Wheat Bran Extract Medium as A Potential Low-cost Culture Medium for Chlorella ellipsoidea","authors":"TASLIMA AKTER, MD. MAHADI HASAN, MOUSUMI DAS, MD. NURUNNABI MONDAL, SAHADAT HOSSAIN, MOHAMMAD BODRUL MUNIR, MD. AMZAD HOSSAIN","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4695.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4695.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae, Chlorella ellipsoidea is an excellent energy source for food and biofuel production. Nevertheless, the production cost of C. ellipsoidea using Bold's Basal Medium (BBM) is expensive, which led to the exploration of alternative low-cost medium for large-scale production. Low-cost fermented wheat bran extract medium (FWBEM), which has good nutritional properties, might be an alternative feedstock for mass production of C. ellipsoidea. The present study was conducted to evaluate the growth and production of C. ellipsoidea using different concentrations of FWBEM. Wheat bran was fermented at the concentration of 8.33, 6.66, and 5.00 g/L water labelled as T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The BBM was used as the control medium (T1). The growth and production of C. ellipsoidea were monitored for three days in terms of cell dry weight, specific growth rate, optical cell density, chlorophyll a content, and cell numbers. Those growth data revealed that C. ellipsoidea cultured at 6.66 g/L (T3) did not vary significantly with the standard inorganic BBM. However, T2 and T4 showed substantially lower cell growth and chlorophyll a content than control and T3. Compared to the BBM, a significant reduction in production cost was obtained in the FWBEM. Based on the cell biomass growth, pigmentation, and production cost, FWBEM at a 6.66 g/L could be used as an alternative medium. Therefore, FWBEM has excellent potential to be used for the low-cost production of C. ellipsoidea.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41640721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4985.2022
RIYAJ MOHAMMAD
Special alcohols have been used as additives to study interfacial properties of cationic Gemini surfactant pentanediyl- 1, 5-bis (dimethyldodecylammonium bromide) (12-5-12). As these branched chain alcohols (in comparison with linear chain alcohols) are playing a measure roll in creating a microemulsion with Gemini surfactants. The surface tension values were measured by using ring detachment method. During the experiments, the ring was cleaned well by heating it in alcohol flame. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) values were obtained from surface tension (γ) versus logCt plots. The γ values decreased continuously and then become constant along a wide concentration range. The point of break, when the constancy of surface tension begins, was taken as the cmc of the system. Calculated Parameters are cmc, Гmax (maximum surface excess concentration), Amin (minimum surface area per molecule), C20 (the concentration of surfactant where the surface tension of the solvent is being reduced by 20 mN.m-1), (free energy of the given air/water interface), and the standard Gibbs energy of adsorption, ΔG0ads. An important property of micelle formation is the mean aggregation number which provides direct information about the general size and shape of the aggregates formed by amphiphiles in solution, and how these properties are related to the molecular structure of the amphiphiles. Mixed micellization behavior has been shown by these parameters. The mean aggregation number (Nagg) of mixed micelles has been obtained by using the steady state fluorescence quenching method. Some other concerned parameters including dielectric constant (D), binding constant (KSV) were calculated in this study by using the ratio of intensity of peaks.
{"title":"Tensiometric and Fluorescence Study of Cationic Gemini Surfactant with Some Special Alcohols","authors":"RIYAJ MOHAMMAD","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4985.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4985.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Special alcohols have been used as additives to study interfacial properties of cationic Gemini surfactant pentanediyl- 1, 5-bis (dimethyldodecylammonium bromide) (12-5-12). As these branched chain alcohols (in comparison with linear chain alcohols) are playing a measure roll in creating a microemulsion with Gemini surfactants. The surface tension values were measured by using ring detachment method. During the experiments, the ring was cleaned well by heating it in alcohol flame. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) values were obtained from surface tension (γ) versus logCt plots. The γ values decreased continuously and then become constant along a wide concentration range. The point of break, when the constancy of surface tension begins, was taken as the cmc of the system. Calculated Parameters are cmc, Гmax (maximum surface excess concentration), Amin (minimum surface area per molecule), C20 (the concentration of surfactant where the surface tension of the solvent is being reduced by 20 mN.m-1), (free energy of the given air/water interface), and the standard Gibbs energy of adsorption, ΔG0ads. An important property of micelle formation is the mean aggregation number which provides direct information about the general size and shape of the aggregates formed by amphiphiles in solution, and how these properties are related to the molecular structure of the amphiphiles. Mixed micellization behavior has been shown by these parameters. The mean aggregation number (Nagg) of mixed micelles has been obtained by using the steady state fluorescence quenching method. Some other concerned parameters including dielectric constant (D), binding constant (KSV) were calculated in this study by using the ratio of intensity of peaks.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47496585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4875.2022
HENRY YUSUFU WAKAWA, FASIHUDDIN BADRUDDIN AHMAD, SALE MUSA PUKUMA, HENRY BULAMA, JAMIMAH MOHAMMED MALGWI
This work was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Morinda elliptica by determining the zone of growth inhibition of the leaf extract against selected bacterial and fungal strains. Antifungal and antibacterial properties of the extract at different concentrations (25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 μg/ml) were investigated after successive maceration in four solvents in order of increasing polarity [hexane (180 g), dichloromethane (342 g), ethyl acetate (471 g), and methanol (384)]. The agar disc diffusion method was used against selected human bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhii, Staphylococcus aureus, and the antifungal activity of the extract against Aspergillus brasiliences and A. flavus. Zones of growth inhibition of the extract were then compared with the standard antibiotic chloramphenicol (500 μg/ml) for the antibacterial activity, and against nystatin (500 μg/ml) for antifungal activity. The result of the study showed a remarkable bactericidal activity of the plant extract against the test organisms E. coli (14.667 + 0.577) and S. typhii (13.667 + 0.577) with a weak activity against the growth of S. aureus as compared to standard (21.667 + 0.577) at 500 μg/ml. The result of the antifungal activity showed considerable activity of the plant extract against the growth of A. brasiliences (11 + 0.1000) and weak activity against the growth A. flavus at 500 μg/ml. The findings of the study indicated that the leaf extract of M. elliptica is a reservoir of bioactive compounds. The compounds can be useful in the development of new pharmaceutical products that can be effective against human pathogenic strains E. coli and S. typhii. This could serve as a lead for understanding a novel mechanism of action in future research activities.
{"title":"Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Leaf Extract of Morinda elliptica","authors":"HENRY YUSUFU WAKAWA, FASIHUDDIN BADRUDDIN AHMAD, SALE MUSA PUKUMA, HENRY BULAMA, JAMIMAH MOHAMMED MALGWI","doi":"10.33736/bjrst.4875.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.4875.2022","url":null,"abstract":"This work was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Morinda elliptica by determining the zone of growth inhibition of the leaf extract against selected bacterial and fungal strains. Antifungal and antibacterial properties of the extract at different concentrations (25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 μg/ml) were investigated after successive maceration in four solvents in order of increasing polarity [hexane (180 g), dichloromethane (342 g), ethyl acetate (471 g), and methanol (384)]. The agar disc diffusion method was used against selected human bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhii, Staphylococcus aureus, and the antifungal activity of the extract against Aspergillus brasiliences and A. flavus. Zones of growth inhibition of the extract were then compared with the standard antibiotic chloramphenicol (500 μg/ml) for the antibacterial activity, and against nystatin (500 μg/ml) for antifungal activity. The result of the study showed a remarkable bactericidal activity of the plant extract against the test organisms E. coli (14.667 + 0.577) and S. typhii (13.667 + 0.577) with a weak activity against the growth of S. aureus as compared to standard (21.667 + 0.577) at 500 μg/ml. The result of the antifungal activity showed considerable activity of the plant extract against the growth of A. brasiliences (11 + 0.1000) and weak activity against the growth A. flavus at 500 μg/ml. The findings of the study indicated that the leaf extract of M. elliptica is a reservoir of bioactive compounds. The compounds can be useful in the development of new pharmaceutical products that can be effective against human pathogenic strains E. coli and S. typhii. This could serve as a lead for understanding a novel mechanism of action in future research activities.","PeriodicalId":32107,"journal":{"name":"Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43778133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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