The paper provides an overview of the development and activities of the Society “Our Children” Belišće (cro. Društvo „Naša djeca“ Belišće) through seven decades of work. From the very beginning until today, Society has been gathering teachers, educators, parents and, at the very end, children to carry out activities to contribute to children’s growth and development and to fill their free time in a fun and quality way. The paper aims to present the origin, development, and conduct of the Society and to determine the impact on upbringing and education in the city of Belišće during its seven decades of existence and activity.
{"title":"The Development and Activity of the Society “Our Children” Belišće","authors":"Emma Torjanac, Pavao Nujić","doi":"10.32903/p.6.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32903/p.6.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"The paper provides an overview of the development and activities of the Society “Our Children” Belišće (cro. Društvo „Naša djeca“ Belišće) through seven decades of work. From the very beginning until today, Society has been gathering teachers, educators, parents and, at the very end, children to carry out activities to contribute to children’s growth and development and to fill their free time in a fun and quality way. The paper aims to present the origin, development, and conduct of the Society and to determine the impact on upbringing and education in the city of Belišće during its seven decades of existence and activity.","PeriodicalId":32127,"journal":{"name":"Pannoniana","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78041274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.2478/pannonia-2019-0016
Mirela Imširović
{"title":"Classical Geopolitics, a New Analytical Model by Phil Kelly","authors":"Mirela Imširović","doi":"10.2478/pannonia-2019-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pannonia-2019-0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32127,"journal":{"name":"Pannoniana","volume":"1 1","pages":"293 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88626912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.2478/pannonia-2019-0014
Valerije Vrček
Abstract By overview of scientific, political, and economic arguments, the structure and profile of glyphosate, the most important agrochemical compound in the world, has been portrayed. Toxicological, ecological and market objections of the opponents of glyphosate are in opposition with the financial and political support to that herbicide which, according to its advocates, enables the protection of crops, higher yields, and postpones the problem of world hunger. The conflict surrounding glyphosate surpasses the narrow scientific and social frames and is a good example of the need to think through and of decision making which involves connection and the totality of reality.
{"title":"Eco-Social and Economic Profile of the Herbicide Glyphosate","authors":"Valerije Vrček","doi":"10.2478/pannonia-2019-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pannonia-2019-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract By overview of scientific, political, and economic arguments, the structure and profile of glyphosate, the most important agrochemical compound in the world, has been portrayed. Toxicological, ecological and market objections of the opponents of glyphosate are in opposition with the financial and political support to that herbicide which, according to its advocates, enables the protection of crops, higher yields, and postpones the problem of world hunger. The conflict surrounding glyphosate surpasses the narrow scientific and social frames and is a good example of the need to think through and of decision making which involves connection and the totality of reality.","PeriodicalId":32127,"journal":{"name":"Pannoniana","volume":"83 20","pages":"276 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72375264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.2478/pannonia-2019-0010
Valentina Majdenić, Ivka Saratlija
Abstract Environmental education is gaining more and more significance, not only because of the wasting of natural sources but also because of the polluting of the environment. The aim of environmental education is not only the knowledge or a line of facts which a child should learn about the environment, but also building proper attitudes and a positive relation towards the environment. It’s important to practice literature to develop an ecological conscience. It’s possible to accomplish a connection of literature and education on three levels: on the basic, on some higher and on the highest one. On the basic level, picture books and illustrated books for children process ecological themes more from the cognitive and less (or almost not at all) from the poetical point of view appeared. Exactly because of that, they are called a cognition type of picture books or illustrated books for children. The aim of this paper is to describe picture books with ecological themes and also to analyse functions of each picture book taken in the account. Six books were selected: Sunčica upoznaje činčilu (eng. Sunčica meets chinchilla), Brdo na kraju grada (eng. Hill at the end of town), Priroda priča... (eng. Nature talks), Nauči poštivati prirodu uz kravicu Šaricu (eng. Learn to respect nature with Šarica the cow), Zatvori vodu! (eng. Shut the water off!) and Zraka trebam, hitno! (eng. I need air, now!).
环境教育越来越重要，这不仅是因为自然资源的浪费，也因为环境的污染。环境教育的目的不仅是向儿童传授有关环境的知识或一系列事实，而且是建立对环境的正确态度和积极关系。实践文学，培养生态良知是十分重要的。文学和教育可以在三个层面上联系起来:基本的，更高的和最高的。在基本层面上，儿童绘本和绘本更多地从认知角度处理生态主题，而很少(或几乎没有)从诗意角度处理生态主题。正因为如此，它们被称为儿童认知型绘本或绘本。本文的目的是描述生态主题的绘本，并分析每本绘本的功能。入选的6本书包括:《sunica upoznaje in 》(英);sunica与chinchilla相遇)，Brdo na kraju grada(英文)。小镇尽头的小山)，普里罗达普里……(英格。自然对话)，naui poštivati prirodu uz kravicu Šaricu(英文版)。学会尊重自然Šarica奶牛)，Zatvori vodu!(英格。关掉水!)和Zraka trebam, hitno!(英格。我需要空气，现在!)
{"title":"Picture Books for Children of Early School Age for the Purpose of Environmental Education","authors":"Valentina Majdenić, Ivka Saratlija","doi":"10.2478/pannonia-2019-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pannonia-2019-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Environmental education is gaining more and more significance, not only because of the wasting of natural sources but also because of the polluting of the environment. The aim of environmental education is not only the knowledge or a line of facts which a child should learn about the environment, but also building proper attitudes and a positive relation towards the environment. It’s important to practice literature to develop an ecological conscience. It’s possible to accomplish a connection of literature and education on three levels: on the basic, on some higher and on the highest one. On the basic level, picture books and illustrated books for children process ecological themes more from the cognitive and less (or almost not at all) from the poetical point of view appeared. Exactly because of that, they are called a cognition type of picture books or illustrated books for children. The aim of this paper is to describe picture books with ecological themes and also to analyse functions of each picture book taken in the account. Six books were selected: Sunčica upoznaje činčilu (eng. Sunčica meets chinchilla), Brdo na kraju grada (eng. Hill at the end of town), Priroda priča... (eng. Nature talks), Nauči poštivati prirodu uz kravicu Šaricu (eng. Learn to respect nature with Šarica the cow), Zatvori vodu! (eng. Shut the water off!) and Zraka trebam, hitno! (eng. I need air, now!).","PeriodicalId":32127,"journal":{"name":"Pannoniana","volume":"422 1","pages":"173 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84931451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.2478/pannonia-2019-0005
Vesnica Mlinarević, Antonija Huljev, Ruzica Zec
Abstract Bioethics, as a newer scientific discipline answers questions about the life of the contemporary man in an interdisciplinary way, and we use education to express what kind of a society and what kind of a man we want. Values on which the educational system in the Republic of Croatia is based are viewed as a new possibility to develop the Croatian national, cultural, and spiritual identity within complex globalization processes. In the era of globalization, informational and technological improvement, one of the hardest efforts of the modern age is the upbringing of children in the changed circumstances, which consequently reflects on the style of education and the conditions in which education is conducted. The aims of the upbringing focus the educational practice and the pedagogical action, while the responsibility and the complex task is bestowed upon educators/teachers. The importance of initial education of educators/teachers is irrefutable today. To be an educator is a vocation/profession with specific professional standards and ethical rules of the teaching profession, inspired by the values of social inclusion and the needs of the child/pupil. This paper deals with a comparative analysis of study programmes and learning outcomes in the Integrated Undergraduate and Graduate University Teacher Study, as well as University Study of Early and Preschool Education at the Faculty of Education in Osijek, focused on the (bio)ethics, education and ethics of the teacher’s calling. Students, future preschool/primary school teachers during the study need to be made aware of the sensitivity in ethical decision-making in the future profession, as well as solving the problems which influence on building the character, because ethics and bioethics need to fulfil important social and individual aspects of education.
{"title":"Bioethical Themes in University Teaching of Future Educators and Teachers Original scientific article","authors":"Vesnica Mlinarević, Antonija Huljev, Ruzica Zec","doi":"10.2478/pannonia-2019-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pannonia-2019-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bioethics, as a newer scientific discipline answers questions about the life of the contemporary man in an interdisciplinary way, and we use education to express what kind of a society and what kind of a man we want. Values on which the educational system in the Republic of Croatia is based are viewed as a new possibility to develop the Croatian national, cultural, and spiritual identity within complex globalization processes. In the era of globalization, informational and technological improvement, one of the hardest efforts of the modern age is the upbringing of children in the changed circumstances, which consequently reflects on the style of education and the conditions in which education is conducted. The aims of the upbringing focus the educational practice and the pedagogical action, while the responsibility and the complex task is bestowed upon educators/teachers. The importance of initial education of educators/teachers is irrefutable today. To be an educator is a vocation/profession with specific professional standards and ethical rules of the teaching profession, inspired by the values of social inclusion and the needs of the child/pupil. This paper deals with a comparative analysis of study programmes and learning outcomes in the Integrated Undergraduate and Graduate University Teacher Study, as well as University Study of Early and Preschool Education at the Faculty of Education in Osijek, focused on the (bio)ethics, education and ethics of the teacher’s calling. Students, future preschool/primary school teachers during the study need to be made aware of the sensitivity in ethical decision-making in the future profession, as well as solving the problems which influence on building the character, because ethics and bioethics need to fulfil important social and individual aspects of education.","PeriodicalId":32127,"journal":{"name":"Pannoniana","volume":"64 1","pages":"70 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89143563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.2478/pannonia-2019-0011
Dejan Donev
Abstract After the birth of the “test-tube baby,” the triumphant success of reproductive technologies has dramatically accelerated scientific research in many fields and given hope to couples struggling with the problem of infertility. However, at the same time, new and numerous moral, ethical, bioethical, legal, social, cultural, and gender dilemmas and controversies have been imposed, especially in countries where trends of negative population growth are increasingly emphasized. These assisted reproductive technologies are making a difference, and not just from the aspect of medicine towards sterility. They are also profoundly affecting social and cultural patterns of marriage, partnership, parenting, and gender. Surrogate or surrogate motherhood, as part of the field of reproductive technology issues, calls for an urgent rethinking of the possibilities for institutionalized motherhood practices in contemporary society and its effects in everyday life. In other words, it is an attempt to demystify, denaturalize, and re-evaluate maternal norms, which always indicate relationships in specific material conditions of centralizing or decentralizing public or private power or sociability. However, they primarily and above all are related to the possibility of prior (bio)ethical evaluation, which would ensure sound legal regulation with respect to the possible (evil) use and commercialization of human life.
{"title":"Surrogate (Replacement) Motherhood or should the uterus be rented?","authors":"Dejan Donev","doi":"10.2478/pannonia-2019-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pannonia-2019-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract After the birth of the “test-tube baby,” the triumphant success of reproductive technologies has dramatically accelerated scientific research in many fields and given hope to couples struggling with the problem of infertility. However, at the same time, new and numerous moral, ethical, bioethical, legal, social, cultural, and gender dilemmas and controversies have been imposed, especially in countries where trends of negative population growth are increasingly emphasized. These assisted reproductive technologies are making a difference, and not just from the aspect of medicine towards sterility. They are also profoundly affecting social and cultural patterns of marriage, partnership, parenting, and gender. Surrogate or surrogate motherhood, as part of the field of reproductive technology issues, calls for an urgent rethinking of the possibilities for institutionalized motherhood practices in contemporary society and its effects in everyday life. In other words, it is an attempt to demystify, denaturalize, and re-evaluate maternal norms, which always indicate relationships in specific material conditions of centralizing or decentralizing public or private power or sociability. However, they primarily and above all are related to the possibility of prior (bio)ethical evaluation, which would ensure sound legal regulation with respect to the possible (evil) use and commercialization of human life.","PeriodicalId":32127,"journal":{"name":"Pannoniana","volume":"86 1","pages":"214 - 238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90319068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.2478/pannonia-2019-0002
Dejan Donev, Trajche Stojanov
Abstract Bioethics is a very important and complex contemporary field of thinking and activity. Knocking strong on our doors, various problems of health, environmental pollution, violence, conflicts, human indolence, criminal deeds, as well as bad behaviors of all different kinds, come to the core of humankind. All these problems require a serious and rapid human action. That is why it is very important to introduce bioethical education to all people. This paper is dealing with the issue of implementing ethical and bioethical education in the North Macedonian school system. It offers a brief review of the activities in this field so far, and it attempts to contextualize some theoretical approaches for ethical and bioethical education. The main thesis is that at the basic level ethical and bioethical education should be organized as moral education, but at the level of secondary school and faculty teaching the approach should be through critical thinking as the most appropriate for that age.
{"title":"The Possibility of Introducing Bioethical Education to High Schools and Faculties in North Macedonia","authors":"Dejan Donev, Trajche Stojanov","doi":"10.2478/pannonia-2019-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pannonia-2019-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bioethics is a very important and complex contemporary field of thinking and activity. Knocking strong on our doors, various problems of health, environmental pollution, violence, conflicts, human indolence, criminal deeds, as well as bad behaviors of all different kinds, come to the core of humankind. All these problems require a serious and rapid human action. That is why it is very important to introduce bioethical education to all people. This paper is dealing with the issue of implementing ethical and bioethical education in the North Macedonian school system. It offers a brief review of the activities in this field so far, and it attempts to contextualize some theoretical approaches for ethical and bioethical education. The main thesis is that at the basic level ethical and bioethical education should be organized as moral education, but at the level of secondary school and faculty teaching the approach should be through critical thinking as the most appropriate for that age.","PeriodicalId":32127,"journal":{"name":"Pannoniana","volume":"65 1","pages":"23 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89080931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.2478/pannonia-2019-0004
Željko Kaluđerović
Abstract In this paper, the author tries to identify the level of autonomy of Sremski Karlovci Grammar School in creating its curricula, particularly for philosophical subjects, since its establishment in 1791 until 1921. Although it might be considered that the teaching of philosophical subjects, during the first 130 years of the history of Sremski Karlovci Grammar School, automatically followed the changes of curricula, in reality this was not the case. Moreover, it seems that the teaching of philosophy in Sremski Karlovci Grammar School had a specific evolution, relatively independent of implemented curricula, which is confirmed by the analysis of its “Programmes” and “Reports”. For example, even though that there were two different curricula implemented in the school from 1792 to 1825, the same philosophical subjects were taught: Logics and Ethics (they were also taught within curriculum for 1849/50 school year and 1850/51 school year). From 1825 until 1847/8 school year, Logics was probably the only philosophical subject taught in the Grammar School, even though two curricula were implemented in this period as well. In the school year 1853/54 a new curriculum was introduced in Sremski Karlovci Grammar School, according to which the teaching of philosophy subjects was sublimated into one subject, Philosophical Propedeutics. During the following two school years (1854 and 1855) this school subject comprised the lectures on Logics, Psychology, Metaphysics, and History of Logics. From 1856 school year until the end of the analyzed period, only two courses were held on Philosophical Propedeutics: Logics and Psychology. Within these 65 years there were many changes of the names of these subjects, as well as the scope of their teachings, sequences of lectures and literature; however they rarely coincided with changes of curricula, as well as of adopted laws, regulations, and decrees.
{"title":"Arche of Philosophy Teaching in Vojvodina","authors":"Željko Kaluđerović","doi":"10.2478/pannonia-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pannonia-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, the author tries to identify the level of autonomy of Sremski Karlovci Grammar School in creating its curricula, particularly for philosophical subjects, since its establishment in 1791 until 1921. Although it might be considered that the teaching of philosophical subjects, during the first 130 years of the history of Sremski Karlovci Grammar School, automatically followed the changes of curricula, in reality this was not the case. Moreover, it seems that the teaching of philosophy in Sremski Karlovci Grammar School had a specific evolution, relatively independent of implemented curricula, which is confirmed by the analysis of its “Programmes” and “Reports”. For example, even though that there were two different curricula implemented in the school from 1792 to 1825, the same philosophical subjects were taught: Logics and Ethics (they were also taught within curriculum for 1849/50 school year and 1850/51 school year). From 1825 until 1847/8 school year, Logics was probably the only philosophical subject taught in the Grammar School, even though two curricula were implemented in this period as well. In the school year 1853/54 a new curriculum was introduced in Sremski Karlovci Grammar School, according to which the teaching of philosophy subjects was sublimated into one subject, Philosophical Propedeutics. During the following two school years (1854 and 1855) this school subject comprised the lectures on Logics, Psychology, Metaphysics, and History of Logics. From 1856 school year until the end of the analyzed period, only two courses were held on Philosophical Propedeutics: Logics and Psychology. Within these 65 years there were many changes of the names of these subjects, as well as the scope of their teachings, sequences of lectures and literature; however they rarely coincided with changes of curricula, as well as of adopted laws, regulations, and decrees.","PeriodicalId":32127,"journal":{"name":"Pannoniana","volume":"39 1","pages":"54 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87758251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.2478/pannonia-2019-0012
Lidija Gajski
Abstract Privatization is one of the most significant phenomena and characteristics of contemporary science, but also probably its greatest deviation. Through the growing funding of research by private companies, science has been increasingly used to create profit. It is instrumentalized by being reduced to a marketing tool. In medicine today, most of the applied research is sponsored by the producers of agents and equipment for diagnostics and treatment. Through the manipulation by the methodology of research, result presentation and selective publication, they produce findings which are invalid and biased. The topic of research is less and less relevant for the health and well-being of the population. With the medical science being privatized, the prospects of significant discoveries and progress in disease treatment and prevention are slim. A rise of costs is inevitable, as well as the decrease in the availability. Along with the privatized medical science, the chances for more significant findings and progress in treatment and illness prevention are not good. The growth in expenses is apparent, as well as the downturn in the availability of healthcare services and the erosion of trust in science and scientists. Privatization of science is a phenomenon which is rarely discussed. It deserves greater attention because it can have significant consequences on the nature and the excellence of scientific findings and is relevant in the social and cultural context.
{"title":"Privatization of Science – A Silent Phenomenon","authors":"Lidija Gajski","doi":"10.2478/pannonia-2019-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/pannonia-2019-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Privatization is one of the most significant phenomena and characteristics of contemporary science, but also probably its greatest deviation. Through the growing funding of research by private companies, science has been increasingly used to create profit. It is instrumentalized by being reduced to a marketing tool. In medicine today, most of the applied research is sponsored by the producers of agents and equipment for diagnostics and treatment. Through the manipulation by the methodology of research, result presentation and selective publication, they produce findings which are invalid and biased. The topic of research is less and less relevant for the health and well-being of the population. With the medical science being privatized, the prospects of significant discoveries and progress in disease treatment and prevention are slim. A rise of costs is inevitable, as well as the decrease in the availability. Along with the privatized medical science, the chances for more significant findings and progress in treatment and illness prevention are not good. The growth in expenses is apparent, as well as the downturn in the availability of healthcare services and the erosion of trust in science and scientists. Privatization of science is a phenomenon which is rarely discussed. It deserves greater attention because it can have significant consequences on the nature and the excellence of scientific findings and is relevant in the social and cultural context.","PeriodicalId":32127,"journal":{"name":"Pannoniana","volume":"101 1","pages":"239 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80772501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.2478/pannonia-2019-0015
B. Stipešević
Abstract Even though eco-production is based on principles brought by IFOAM (International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements), the standards which were brought in by the national and supranational governments may differentiate in parts of regulation. The mutual recognition/equivalence of eco-standards of the EU (»EU-eco« label, based on regulation of the European Commission EZ 834/2007: 139-and EZ 889/2008: 173-256, and other regulations derived from them) and Canada (»Canada organic« label, based on valid Canadian eco-standards, regulation CAN/CGSB-32.310-2015: 53 and CAN/CGSB-32.311-2015: 75) has been present for multiple years and has been re-evaluated and confirmed in 2015 as a successful practice in the increase of access to an expanded market for producers, increase of selection for consumers and lightening the regulatory cooperation. Before mutual recognition exported eco-product from Canada to the EU (and vice-versa) had to go through recertification, which created additional expenses for exporting eco-producers (10 thousand dollars per year, on average). This process mostly resulted in an increased price of eco-products for the end consumer. In some areas the Canadian eco-regulation is stricter than the EU one, while in other it is vice versa. Some markings can mislead the consumer, especially the one who does not read the product declaration where such misgivings are clearly visible and marked. The greatest challenge for eco-production in the EU is the increase in demand for eco-products with such a speed that EU farmers cannot satisfy it, which inevitably leads to an increase of import from non-EU countries. Therefore, the help of EU governments is essential in the form of support for farmers who decide to transition into eco-production. Certain estimates say that the CETA could mean a loss of a great number of producers (estimating that it could be several thousand workplaces in agriculture across the EU). A similar agreement between the US and Mexico already led to a loss of workplace for 2 million people in Mexico in the midst of inability to compete with the industrial production of the US. The greatest fear present in eco-production is that the international agricultural businesses can force national and supranational governments to lower standards by using lawsuits, which can consequentially result in lower standards in eco-production on both sides of the Atlantic and influence the environment. It is not based on the scientific/expert arguments which governs the ecological agriculture, but a pure race for profit. Therefore, it can be expected that, once again, »greed overcomes reason«. Nevertheless, the high set »bar« of eco-production »from both sides of the pond« is the best »defence« against the fear that CETA will bring any novelties into the life of eco-producers.
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