Qiwei Yao, Hongying Zheng, Shuyun Huang, M. Lin, Jun Yang, Jiancheng Li
This study aimed to investigate the effect of different postoperative radiotherapy doses on the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
本研究旨在探讨不同放疗剂量对食管鳞状细胞癌(ESCC)患者术后预后的影响。
{"title":"Low versus high dose of postoperative radiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a propensity score‐matched analysis","authors":"Qiwei Yao, Hongying Zheng, Shuyun Huang, M. Lin, Jun Yang, Jiancheng Li","doi":"10.1002/pro6.1192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pro6.1192","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the effect of different postoperative radiotherapy doses on the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).","PeriodicalId":32406,"journal":{"name":"Precision Radiation Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45688218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weisi Yan, C. Quan, Mourad Waleed, Jianda Yuan, Zheng Shi, Jun Yang, Qiuxia Lu, J Zhang
Radiomics is a rapidly evolving field of research that extracts and analyzes quantitative features within medical images. Those features are termed as radiomic features that can characterize a tumor in a comprehensive and quantitative manner with regard to its internal structure and heterogeneity. Radiomic features can be used, alone or in combination with demographic, histological, genomic, or proteomic data, for predicting prognosis or treatment response. Immunotherapy, or immune‐oncology, is the study of cancer treatment by taking advantage of the body's immune system to prevent, control, and eliminate cancer. In this review, we first provide a brief introduction to both radiomics and immune‐oncology in lung cancer. Then, we discuss the need for developing immune‐oncology biomarkers, and the advantages of radiomics in identifying biomarkers related to immunotherapy. We also discuss potential areas in and out of tumors, such as the intra‐tumoral hypoxic region and tumor microenvironment, where radiomic markers might be extracted, as well as a potential application of radiomic biomarkers in clinical lung cancer management. Finally, we present radiation and immune modulation in non‐small cell lung cancer, clinical trials and their design to incorporate radiomic biomarkers, and radiomics‐guided precision radiation therapy.
{"title":"Application of radiomics in lung immuno‐oncology","authors":"Weisi Yan, C. Quan, Mourad Waleed, Jianda Yuan, Zheng Shi, Jun Yang, Qiuxia Lu, J Zhang","doi":"10.1002/pro6.1191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pro6.1191","url":null,"abstract":"Radiomics is a rapidly evolving field of research that extracts and analyzes quantitative features within medical images. Those features are termed as radiomic features that can characterize a tumor in a comprehensive and quantitative manner with regard to its internal structure and heterogeneity. Radiomic features can be used, alone or in combination with demographic, histological, genomic, or proteomic data, for predicting prognosis or treatment response. Immunotherapy, or immune‐oncology, is the study of cancer treatment by taking advantage of the body's immune system to prevent, control, and eliminate cancer. In this review, we first provide a brief introduction to both radiomics and immune‐oncology in lung cancer. Then, we discuss the need for developing immune‐oncology biomarkers, and the advantages of radiomics in identifying biomarkers related to immunotherapy. We also discuss potential areas in and out of tumors, such as the intra‐tumoral hypoxic region and tumor microenvironment, where radiomic markers might be extracted, as well as a potential application of radiomic biomarkers in clinical lung cancer management. Finally, we present radiation and immune modulation in non‐small cell lung cancer, clinical trials and their design to incorporate radiomic biomarkers, and radiomics‐guided precision radiation therapy.","PeriodicalId":32406,"journal":{"name":"Precision Radiation Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47406940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Ferrone, C. Willis, F. Guan, Jingfei Ma, Leif E. Peterson, S. Kry
Reliable estimates of radiation dose to bone marrow are critical to understanding the risk of radiation‐induced cancers. Although the medical internal radiation dose phantom is routinely used for dose estimation, bone marrow is not defined in the phantom. Consequently, methods of indirectly estimating bone marrow dose have been implemented based on dose to surrogate volumes or average dose to soft tissue.
{"title":"Evaluating bone marrow dosimetry with the addition of bone marrow structures to the medical internal radiation dose phantom","authors":"K. Ferrone, C. Willis, F. Guan, Jingfei Ma, Leif E. Peterson, S. Kry","doi":"10.1002/pro6.1189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pro6.1189","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable estimates of radiation dose to bone marrow are critical to understanding the risk of radiation‐induced cancers. Although the medical internal radiation dose phantom is routinely used for dose estimation, bone marrow is not defined in the phantom. Consequently, methods of indirectly estimating bone marrow dose have been implemented based on dose to surrogate volumes or average dose to soft tissue.","PeriodicalId":32406,"journal":{"name":"Precision Radiation Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47286378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Kiladze, Lika Chkhaidze, A. Iovashvili, E. Natelauri, B. Sokurashvili, E. Mariamidze, N. Kacheishvili, B. Jeremic
Objective: The efficacy and safety of definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) for elderly patients with unresectable esophageal cancer (EC) are not yet fully understood. We conducted this study to evaluate the outcome and toxicity in elder patients (65 years and over) of unresectable EC treated with dCRT.
{"title":"Definitive chemoradiotherapy in elderly patients with esophageal cancer: Safety and outcome","authors":"I. Kiladze, Lika Chkhaidze, A. Iovashvili, E. Natelauri, B. Sokurashvili, E. Mariamidze, N. Kacheishvili, B. Jeremic","doi":"10.1002/pro6.1190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pro6.1190","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The efficacy and safety of definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) for elderly patients with unresectable esophageal cancer (EC) are not yet fully understood. We conducted this study to evaluate the outcome and toxicity in elder patients (65 years and over) of unresectable EC treated with dCRT.","PeriodicalId":32406,"journal":{"name":"Precision Radiation Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42014226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
EBT-XD model of Gafchromic™ films has a broader optimal dynamic dose range, up to 40 Gy, compared to its predecessor models. This characteristic has made EBT-XD films suitable for high-dose applications such as stereotactic body radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery, as well as ultra-high dose rate FLASH radiotherapy. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the dependence of EBT-XD film response on linear energy transfer (LET) and dose rate of therapeutic protons from a synchrotron. A clinical spot-scanning proton beam was used to study LET dependence at three dose-averaged LET (LETd) values of 1.0 keV/µm, 3.6 keV/µm, and 7.6 keV/µm. A research proton beamline was used to study dose rate dependence at 150 Gy/second in the FLASH mode and 0.3 Gy/second in the non-FLASH mode. Film response data from LETd values of 0.9 keV/µm and 9.0 keV/µm of the proton FLASH beam were also compared. Film response data from a clinical 6 MV photon beam were used as a reference. Both gray value method and optical density (OD) method were used in film calibration. Calibration results using a specific OD calculation method and a generic OD calculation method were compared. The four-parameter NIH Rodbard function and three-parameter rational function were compared in fitting the calibration curves. Experimental results showed that the response of EBT-XD film is proton LET dependent but independent of dose rate. Goodness-of-fit analysis showed that using the NIH Rodbard function is superior for both protons and photons. Using the "specific OD + NIH Rodbard function" method for EBT-XD film calibration is recommended.
{"title":"Dosimetric response of Gafchromic<sup>™</sup> EBT-XD film to therapeutic protons.","authors":"Fada Guan, Xiaochun Wang, Ming Yang, Emily Draeger, Dae Han, Kiminori Iga, Fanqing Guo, Luis Perles, Yuting Li, Narayan Sahoo, Radhe Mohan, Zhe Chen","doi":"10.1002/pro6.1187","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pro6.1187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>EBT-XD model of Gafchromic<sup>™</sup> films has a broader optimal dynamic dose range, up to 40 Gy, compared to its predecessor models. This characteristic has made EBT-XD films suitable for high-dose applications such as stereotactic body radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery, as well as ultra-high dose rate FLASH radiotherapy. The purpose of the current study was to characterize the dependence of EBT-XD film response on linear energy transfer (LET) and dose rate of therapeutic protons from a synchrotron. A clinical spot-scanning proton beam was used to study LET dependence at three dose-averaged LET (LET<sub>d</sub>) values of 1.0 keV/µm, 3.6 keV/µm, and 7.6 keV/µm. A research proton beamline was used to study dose rate dependence at 150 Gy/second in the FLASH mode and 0.3 Gy/second in the non-FLASH mode. Film response data from LET<sub>d</sub> values of 0.9 keV/µm and 9.0 keV/µm of the proton FLASH beam were also compared. Film response data from a clinical 6 MV photon beam were used as a reference. Both gray value method and optical density (OD) method were used in film calibration. Calibration results using a specific OD calculation method and a generic OD calculation method were compared. The four-parameter NIH Rodbard function and three-parameter rational function were compared in fitting the calibration curves. Experimental results showed that the response of EBT-XD film is proton LET dependent but independent of dose rate. Goodness-of-fit analysis showed that using the NIH Rodbard function is superior for both protons and photons. Using the \"specific OD + NIH Rodbard function\" method for EBT-XD film calibration is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":32406,"journal":{"name":"Precision Radiation Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10586355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49417719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Guan, Makoto Asai, D. Bartkoski, Michael Kleckner, Ze’ev Harel, M. Salehpour
X‐ray diffraction from a solid crystal shows the wave nature of photons. It is an important electromagnetic (EM) physics process when X‐ray photons interact with a crystal. Bragg diffraction, often called Bragg reflection, is a special case of the general form of X‐ray diffraction, known as Laue diffraction. When the Bragg's law is met, the incident photon beam is reflected from the crystal plane behaving as a specular reflection at the Bragg angle. However, the Bragg reflection physical process has not been integrated into the general‐purpose Monte Carlo simulation toolkit Geant4 for particle physics. In the current study, we developed a new EM physical process class “G4CrystalBraggReflection” and a new EM physical model class “G4DarwinDynamicalModel” for modeling the Bragg reflection physical process within a crystal. We added the Bragg reflection physical process to the EM physics category of Geant4. The preliminary results of photon tracking in a silicon crystal slab have shown the feasibility of simulating the Bragg reflection process in addition to the standard EM processes in the framework of Geant4.
{"title":"Adding the X‐ray Bragg reflection physical process in crystal to the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit, part I: reflection from a crystal slab","authors":"F. Guan, Makoto Asai, D. Bartkoski, Michael Kleckner, Ze’ev Harel, M. Salehpour","doi":"10.1002/pro6.1188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pro6.1188","url":null,"abstract":"X‐ray diffraction from a solid crystal shows the wave nature of photons. It is an important electromagnetic (EM) physics process when X‐ray photons interact with a crystal. Bragg diffraction, often called Bragg reflection, is a special case of the general form of X‐ray diffraction, known as Laue diffraction. When the Bragg's law is met, the incident photon beam is reflected from the crystal plane behaving as a specular reflection at the Bragg angle. However, the Bragg reflection physical process has not been integrated into the general‐purpose Monte Carlo simulation toolkit Geant4 for particle physics. In the current study, we developed a new EM physical process class “G4CrystalBraggReflection” and a new EM physical model class “G4DarwinDynamicalModel” for modeling the Bragg reflection physical process within a crystal. We added the Bragg reflection physical process to the EM physics category of Geant4. The preliminary results of photon tracking in a silicon crystal slab have shown the feasibility of simulating the Bragg reflection process in addition to the standard EM processes in the framework of Geant4.","PeriodicalId":32406,"journal":{"name":"Precision Radiation Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42770143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast cancer is the most prevalent disease for women. With advances in breast cancer screening, most breast cancers are now diagnosed in the early stages. With knowledge of different subtypes and their behavior, breast cancer treatment has become more individualized. Radiation therapy as one of the mainstays of breast cancer treatment has also been evolving. This review attempts to provide a summary of the most influential clinical studies that have driven the technological advances in radiation therapy for early‐stage breast cancer.
{"title":"Radiotherapy of early‐stage breast cancer","authors":"Cedric X. Yu","doi":"10.1002/pro6.1183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pro6.1183","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most prevalent disease for women. With advances in breast cancer screening, most breast cancers are now diagnosed in the early stages. With knowledge of different subtypes and their behavior, breast cancer treatment has become more individualized. Radiation therapy as one of the mainstays of breast cancer treatment has also been evolving. This review attempts to provide a summary of the most influential clinical studies that have driven the technological advances in radiation therapy for early‐stage breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":32406,"journal":{"name":"Precision Radiation Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45714565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asma Waheed, R. Banerjee, T. Meyer, S. Quirk, C. Doll, P. McGeachy, T. Phan, M. Roumeliotis, K. Martell
Salvage external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) followed by interstitial brachytherapy is commonly used to treat patients with vaginal recurrence of endometrial cancer. The evidence for this is typically limited to case series treating small volumes of disease. For the present study, 12 consecutive patients with locally advanced, biopsy‐proven vaginal recurrence after surgically treated endometrial cancer who received salvage EBRT (45 Gy in 25 daily fractions to microscopic disease and 55–57.5 Gy to gross nodal disease) with magnetic resonance‐guided interstitial brachytherapy (20–21 Gy in 3 fractions over 2 days) were retrospectively reviewed. The median tumor size of recurrent disease on magnetic resonance imaging was 5 (3–6) cm. Three (25%) tumors involved the bladder wall, three (25%) involved the urethra, and four (33%) extended to the pelvic sidewall. Four (25%) patients had gross nodal disease. On follow‐up, no (0%) patient developed local recurrence. One patient (8%) developed nodal recurrence outside of the radiotherapy treatment volume and then distant metastases, and one patient (8%) developed distant metastasis 2.5 years post‐treatment and subsequently died from the disease. No (0%) other deaths were reported. Zero patients (0%) developed grade ≥4 bowel or bladder toxicity. These data support EBRT with interstitial brachytherapy using modern techniques for locally advanced, vaginal recurrences of endometrial cancer.
{"title":"Clinical outcomes after salvage external beam radiotherapy combined with interstitial brachytherapy for locally advanced, recurrent endometrial cancer","authors":"Asma Waheed, R. Banerjee, T. Meyer, S. Quirk, C. Doll, P. McGeachy, T. Phan, M. Roumeliotis, K. Martell","doi":"10.1002/pro6.1185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pro6.1185","url":null,"abstract":"Salvage external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) followed by interstitial brachytherapy is commonly used to treat patients with vaginal recurrence of endometrial cancer. The evidence for this is typically limited to case series treating small volumes of disease. For the present study, 12 consecutive patients with locally advanced, biopsy‐proven vaginal recurrence after surgically treated endometrial cancer who received salvage EBRT (45 Gy in 25 daily fractions to microscopic disease and 55–57.5 Gy to gross nodal disease) with magnetic resonance‐guided interstitial brachytherapy (20–21 Gy in 3 fractions over 2 days) were retrospectively reviewed. The median tumor size of recurrent disease on magnetic resonance imaging was 5 (3–6) cm. Three (25%) tumors involved the bladder wall, three (25%) involved the urethra, and four (33%) extended to the pelvic sidewall. Four (25%) patients had gross nodal disease. On follow‐up, no (0%) patient developed local recurrence. One patient (8%) developed nodal recurrence outside of the radiotherapy treatment volume and then distant metastases, and one patient (8%) developed distant metastasis 2.5 years post‐treatment and subsequently died from the disease. No (0%) other deaths were reported. Zero patients (0%) developed grade ≥4 bowel or bladder toxicity. These data support EBRT with interstitial brachytherapy using modern techniques for locally advanced, vaginal recurrences of endometrial cancer.","PeriodicalId":32406,"journal":{"name":"Precision Radiation Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48354527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mei Chen, W. Cao, P. Yepes, F. Guan, F. Poenisch, Cheng Xu, Jiayi Chen, Yupeng Li, Ivan Vazquez, Ming Yang, X. Zhu, Xiaodong Zhang
To determine the effect of dose calculation accuracy on inverse linear energy transfer (LET) optimization for intensity‐modulated proton therapy, and to determine whether adding more beams would improve the plan robustness to different dose calculation engines.
{"title":"Impact of dose calculation accuracy on inverse linear energy transfer optimization for intensity‐modulated proton therapy","authors":"Mei Chen, W. Cao, P. Yepes, F. Guan, F. Poenisch, Cheng Xu, Jiayi Chen, Yupeng Li, Ivan Vazquez, Ming Yang, X. Zhu, Xiaodong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/pro6.1179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pro6.1179","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the effect of dose calculation accuracy on inverse linear energy transfer (LET) optimization for intensity‐modulated proton therapy, and to determine whether adding more beams would improve the plan robustness to different dose calculation engines.","PeriodicalId":32406,"journal":{"name":"Precision Radiation Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41811741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao‐ye Liu, Miao Gao, Ze‐yuan Cheng, Zheng‐Kun Cai, Lu Yu, Geng‐Min Niu, Jun-yi Li, Yu-Lin Bai, Shu‐Zhou Zhao, Yong-chun Song, Xiao-Guang Wang, Yang Dong, Xuyao Yu, Z. Tao, Z. Yuan
Standard medical treatment for early non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is surgery; however, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) can be a viable substitute for elderly patients who can no longer tolerate or refuse surgery. The unsurpassed care for elderly patients with early NSCLC remains inconclusive.
{"title":"Stereotactic body radiotherapy compared with video‐assisted thoracic surgery after propensity‐score matching in elderly patients with pathologically‐proven early‐stage non‐small cell lung cancer","authors":"Xiao‐ye Liu, Miao Gao, Ze‐yuan Cheng, Zheng‐Kun Cai, Lu Yu, Geng‐Min Niu, Jun-yi Li, Yu-Lin Bai, Shu‐Zhou Zhao, Yong-chun Song, Xiao-Guang Wang, Yang Dong, Xuyao Yu, Z. Tao, Z. Yuan","doi":"10.1002/pro6.1175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pro6.1175","url":null,"abstract":"Standard medical treatment for early non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is surgery; however, stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) can be a viable substitute for elderly patients who can no longer tolerate or refuse surgery. The unsurpassed care for elderly patients with early NSCLC remains inconclusive.","PeriodicalId":32406,"journal":{"name":"Precision Radiation Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45989375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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