Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.3.289230
Ihor Hrytsai, A. Slipchuk
Problem. There is a problem of determining the working parameters, including axial feed and cutting speed, as well as the helix angle of the teeth of the disc cutter and the tool spindle, the geometry of the cutting part, and the cutting depth per pass in Power skiving technology.Objective. It is necessary to investigate the cutting process using the Power Skiving method for generating external gears over multiple passes and develop recommendations for selecting its optimal parameters.Implementation methodology. The cutting force and its tangential component acting on the cutter are presented based on the fundamental principles of cutting theory, using the function of the cross-sectional area of the cut, the material strength limits of the workpiece for shear, and the intensity of plastic deformation of the chip. Calculations of the cut area are based on a graphoanalytical 3D model of the undeformed chip. The coefficient of shear intensity is determined depending on the thickness of the cut layers using the Deform 2D system. The study of the force factors is conducted in the initial stage for single-tooth cutting, considering the operation of a single tooth of the tool, and for multi-tooth cutting conditions, corresponding to real cutting and forming conditions in this method.Results. Analysis of harmonic vibrations with different frequencies of the investigated forces indicates that, under average loading, the maximum principal component of the cutting force occurs on the third pass, and the tangential force on the tool axis occurs on the first pass. The variation in the frequency of these signals is explained by changes in the contact angle between the tool and the gear wheel in the machine engagement and the different number of teeth involved in cutting.Conclusions. The obtained data allowed the development of a methodology for selecting rational parameters - axial feed values, the number of passes with different cutting depths to minimize time consumption, and achieve the desired accuracy of gears. It has been demonstrated that to reduce processing errors, it is most rational to decrease cutting force by increasing the number of passes, rather than reducing the axial feed.
{"title":"Features of using the over-skiving method for multi-pass cutting of external gears","authors":"Ihor Hrytsai, A. Slipchuk","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.3.289230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.3.289230","url":null,"abstract":"Problem. There is a problem of determining the working parameters, including axial feed and cutting speed, as well as the helix angle of the teeth of the disc cutter and the tool spindle, the geometry of the cutting part, and the cutting depth per pass in Power skiving technology.Objective. It is necessary to investigate the cutting process using the Power Skiving method for generating external gears over multiple passes and develop recommendations for selecting its optimal parameters.Implementation methodology. The cutting force and its tangential component acting on the cutter are presented based on the fundamental principles of cutting theory, using the function of the cross-sectional area of the cut, the material strength limits of the workpiece for shear, and the intensity of plastic deformation of the chip. Calculations of the cut area are based on a graphoanalytical 3D model of the undeformed chip. The coefficient of shear intensity is determined depending on the thickness of the cut layers using the Deform 2D system. The study of the force factors is conducted in the initial stage for single-tooth cutting, considering the operation of a single tooth of the tool, and for multi-tooth cutting conditions, corresponding to real cutting and forming conditions in this method.Results. Analysis of harmonic vibrations with different frequencies of the investigated forces indicates that, under average loading, the maximum principal component of the cutting force occurs on the third pass, and the tangential force on the tool axis occurs on the first pass. The variation in the frequency of these signals is explained by changes in the contact angle between the tool and the gear wheel in the machine engagement and the different number of teeth involved in cutting.Conclusions. The obtained data allowed the development of a methodology for selecting rational parameters - axial feed values, the number of passes with different cutting depths to minimize time consumption, and achieve the desired accuracy of gears. It has been demonstrated that to reduce processing errors, it is most rational to decrease cutting force by increasing the number of passes, rather than reducing the axial feed.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139163466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.3.293231
Volodymyr Zabashta
The third part of the article proceeds from the starting points in the decision-making problem (DMP) specified in the first stages of research [1, 2]. Here, we continue to compare the predominance (first of all, quality) of autoclave and non-autoclave alternative technological processes (ATP) as part of the stages of TP(e) with a linear algorithm of end-to-end action in the manufacture of carbon fiber (CF) aircraft structures (AC) such as highly loaded wing stringer panels (HLS) of B787, A350, MC-21, CSeries mainline aircraft as a component of hierarchical systems. To describe and study them, the following were involved: initial technological and verbal models, technological and mathematical model of an autonomous dynamic system (ADS) and a number of two-dimensional manifolds (topology) to it in the form of technological and geometric models. The article continues the study of development in this direction by approximating manifolds by polyhedra. Including co-cellular and double-formed structures - pentagonal pyramids and bipyramids, as well as bodies of revolution around them - cone and bicon. Examples of schematic and technological interpretive modeling are presented. The methodological basis is the main provisions of decision-making theory, factor analysis and system-process approach with the involvement of practice results (expert analysis), first of all, the definition of technological factors of processes with criterion assessments of the advantages, components of alternatives in their competitive strategies.
{"title":"Alternative technologies of composite of highly loaded aircraft structures: a qualitative method for making multicriteria decisions: Part III. Research of the methodological basis in decision-making: technological constructions in in the assessment toolki","authors":"Volodymyr Zabashta","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.3.293231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.3.293231","url":null,"abstract":"The third part of the article proceeds from the starting points in the decision-making problem (DMP) specified in the first stages of research [1, 2]. Here, we continue to compare the predominance (first of all, quality) of autoclave and non-autoclave alternative technological processes (ATP) as part of the stages of TP(e) with a linear algorithm of end-to-end action in the manufacture of carbon fiber (CF) aircraft structures (AC) such as highly loaded wing stringer panels (HLS) of B787, A350, MC-21, CSeries mainline aircraft as a component of hierarchical systems. To describe and study them, the following were involved: initial technological and verbal models, technological and mathematical model of an autonomous dynamic system (ADS) and a number of two-dimensional manifolds (topology) to it in the form of technological and geometric models. The article continues the study of development in this direction by approximating manifolds by polyhedra. Including co-cellular and double-formed structures - pentagonal pyramids and bipyramids, as well as bodies of revolution around them - cone and bicon. Examples of schematic and technological interpretive modeling are presented. The methodological basis is the main provisions of decision-making theory, factor analysis and system-process approach with the involvement of practice results (expert analysis), first of all, the definition of technological factors of processes with criterion assessments of the advantages, components of alternatives in their competitive strategies.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":"134 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.3.291259
V. Kovalev
The results of liquid fuel inertial flows numerical modeling in the tanks of the spacecraft during its maneuvering in the Earth's orbit are given. It is shown that the circulations that occur when internal guiding devices are used in the form of widely spaced rigid baffles can be deformed and affect the flow space not covered by them. In addition, the circular moments of inertia of the liquid on the baffles can be controlled by means of the appropriate location of the guide devices in terms of width and distance from the tank wall. The force effects calculation of the moving fluid on the walls and internal structures makes it possible to fairly correctly present the hydrodynamic picture of the of inertial flows development, as well as predict the methods and means of compensation for such disturbances. According to the obtained results of the specified processes simulation in the tanks, it can be stated that the inertial flows of the liquid in the tanks are strongly nonlinear, the properties of which depend on the geometry, the initial conditions for the generation of peak force effects tank on the tank walls and bottoms. The use of internal guiding devices in the flow significantly changes the geometry of wave formations, corrects the coordinates and duration of resonant currents in the tank. The main task is to minimize the mass and dimensions of the baffles with a simultaneous increase in the damping efficiency of resonant flows. In addition, the determination of the power parameters real distribution contributes to the development of the latest, more effective designs of baffles, which will allow more reliable influence on uncontrolled inertial flows in tanks.
{"title":"Directed circulating flows in tanks of moving objects","authors":"V. Kovalev","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.3.291259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.3.291259","url":null,"abstract":"The results of liquid fuel inertial flows numerical modeling in the tanks of the spacecraft during its maneuvering in the Earth's orbit are given. It is shown that the circulations that occur when internal guiding devices are used in the form of widely spaced rigid baffles can be deformed and affect the flow space not covered by them. In addition, the circular moments of inertia of the liquid on the baffles can be controlled by means of the appropriate location of the guide devices in terms of width and distance from the tank wall. The force effects calculation of the moving fluid on the walls and internal structures makes it possible to fairly correctly present the hydrodynamic picture of the of inertial flows development, as well as predict the methods and means of compensation for such disturbances. According to the obtained results of the specified processes simulation in the tanks, it can be stated that the inertial flows of the liquid in the tanks are strongly nonlinear, the properties of which depend on the geometry, the initial conditions for the generation of peak force effects tank on the tank walls and bottoms. The use of internal guiding devices in the flow significantly changes the geometry of wave formations, corrects the coordinates and duration of resonant currents in the tank. The main task is to minimize the mass and dimensions of the baffles with a simultaneous increase in the damping efficiency of resonant flows. In addition, the determination of the power parameters real distribution contributes to the development of the latest, more effective designs of baffles, which will allow more reliable influence on uncontrolled inertial flows in tanks.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":"21 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139165154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.3.282190
Hlib Yudin, Igor Orynyak
By expansion into Fourier series along the circumferential coordinate, the problem for elastic thin-walled closed cylindrical shell is reduced to 8th order differential equation with respect to axial coordinate. In spite that the general structure of eigenvalues for this equation was known starting from 60-s of last century, they were derived only to some simplified versions of the shell theory. So, the main goal of paper consists in development of the general procedure for determination of the eigenvalues. The idea is based on that the theory of shell is actually formed by two much simple problems: the plane task of elasticity and the plate problem, each of them is reduced to much easily treated biquadratic equation. So, we start from either of two problems (main problem) while not taking into account the impact from another (auxiliary) problem. After computing its eigenfunctions, we gradually introduce the influence of auxiliary problem by presenting its functions as linear combination of functions for main problem. The results of calculation show the perfect accuracy of the method for any desired number of significant digits in eigenvalues. The comparison with known results for concentrated radial force shows the perfect ability to solve any boundary problem with any desirable accuracy.
{"title":"Effective decoupling method for derivation of eigenfunctions for closed cylindrical shell","authors":"Hlib Yudin, Igor Orynyak","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.3.282190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.3.282190","url":null,"abstract":"By expansion into Fourier series along the circumferential coordinate, the problem for elastic thin-walled closed cylindrical shell is reduced to 8th order differential equation with respect to axial coordinate. In spite that the general structure of eigenvalues for this equation was known starting from 60-s of last century, they were derived only to some simplified versions of the shell theory. So, the main goal of paper consists in development of the general procedure for determination of the eigenvalues. The idea is based on that the theory of shell is actually formed by two much simple problems: the plane task of elasticity and the plate problem, each of them is reduced to much easily treated biquadratic equation. So, we start from either of two problems (main problem) while not taking into account the impact from another (auxiliary) problem. After computing its eigenfunctions, we gradually introduce the influence of auxiliary problem by presenting its functions as linear combination of functions for main problem. The results of calculation show the perfect accuracy of the method for any desired number of significant digits in eigenvalues. The comparison with known results for concentrated radial force shows the perfect ability to solve any boundary problem with any desirable accuracy.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":"129 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-22DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.3.287522
Yevhenii Savchuk, S. Shukayev
Background. The operation of numerous machines and units takes place under conditions of multi-axial cyclic loading, which, as a rule, is non-proportional. Evaluating the fatigue durability of metal alloys under conditions of multi-axial non-proportional loading is a relevant task in modern engineering. Solving this problem requires fatigue calculation methods that would consider operating conditions and properties of structural materials, including factors such as the type of stress state, loading trajectory, material sensitivity to non-proportional loading, and so on.Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of a range of fatigue life models based on the concept of the critical plane, including the Fatemi-Socie, Wang-Brown, Smith-Watson-Topper, Liu I, and Liu II approaches, and to identify the limits and peculiarities of their application.Methods. The fatigue lives calculated using the selected models were compared with experimental results obtained for various metal alloys subjected to uniaxial tension-compression, alternating torsion, and proportional and non-proportional multiaxial loading.Results. The applicability limits of fatigue life models based on the critical plane concept were analyzed for different metal alloys under conditions of proportional and non-proportional multiaxial loading.Conclusions. The research results demonstrated that models requiring the use of material constants obtained from tests in both tension-compression and alternating torsion provide reliable fatigue life estimates for various types of metal alloys. Calculations based solely on fatigue curves from alternating torsion better correlate with the results of tests on ductile materials, while calculations based on criteria utilizing fatigue curves from tension-compression align more closely with results from tests on brittle materials.
背景。许多机器和设备都是在多轴循环载荷条件下运行的，而这种载荷通常是非比例载荷。评估金属合金在多轴非比例载荷条件下的疲劳耐久性是现代工程中的一项相关任务。要解决这一问题，就需要考虑结构材料的工作条件和特性，包括应力状态类型、加载轨迹、材料对非比例加载的敏感性等因素的疲劳计算方法。对一系列基于临界面概念的疲劳寿命模型进行比较分析，包括 Fatemi-Socie、Wang-Brown、Smith-Watson-Topper、Liu I 和 Liu II 方法，并确定其应用的局限性和特殊性。将所选模型计算出的疲劳寿命与各种金属合金在单轴拉伸-压缩、交变扭转、比例和非比例多轴载荷作用下的实验结果进行比较。分析了基于临界面概念的疲劳寿命模型在比例和非比例多轴载荷条件下对不同金属合金的适用极限。研究结果表明，需要使用从拉伸-压缩和交变扭转试验中获得的材料常数的模型可为各类金属合金提供可靠的疲劳寿命估算。完全基于交变扭转疲劳曲线的计算结果与韧性材料的测试结果更接近，而基于利用拉伸压缩疲劳曲线标准的计算结果与脆性材料的测试结果更接近。
{"title":"Comparison of critical plane models for multiaxial fatigue life prediction","authors":"Yevhenii Savchuk, S. Shukayev","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.3.287522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.3.287522","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The operation of numerous machines and units takes place under conditions of multi-axial cyclic loading, which, as a rule, is non-proportional. Evaluating the fatigue durability of metal alloys under conditions of multi-axial non-proportional loading is a relevant task in modern engineering. Solving this problem requires fatigue calculation methods that would consider operating conditions and properties of structural materials, including factors such as the type of stress state, loading trajectory, material sensitivity to non-proportional loading, and so on.Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of a range of fatigue life models based on the concept of the critical plane, including the Fatemi-Socie, Wang-Brown, Smith-Watson-Topper, Liu I, and Liu II approaches, and to identify the limits and peculiarities of their application.Methods. The fatigue lives calculated using the selected models were compared with experimental results obtained for various metal alloys subjected to uniaxial tension-compression, alternating torsion, and proportional and non-proportional multiaxial loading.Results. The applicability limits of fatigue life models based on the critical plane concept were analyzed for different metal alloys under conditions of proportional and non-proportional multiaxial loading.Conclusions. The research results demonstrated that models requiring the use of material constants obtained from tests in both tension-compression and alternating torsion provide reliable fatigue life estimates for various types of metal alloys. Calculations based solely on fatigue curves from alternating torsion better correlate with the results of tests on ductile materials, while calculations based on criteria utilizing fatigue curves from tension-compression align more closely with results from tests on brittle materials.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139164263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.277820
Alyona Lovska
Background. Increasing the efficiency of the transport industry leads to the need to introduce modern means of transport with improved technical, economic and environmental characteristics. At present, transportation of liquid cargoes, including those in international traffic, is carried out mainly in tank containers. Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of tank containers operation it is important to introduce designs with improved performance. Objective. Highlighting the results of improvements to the tank-container design and a study of its strength in road transport. Methods. In order to reduce the material intensity of the tank container, it is proposed to use pipes of circular cross section as frame elements and to create a boiler of composite material. Determination of pipe design parameters has been carried out by optimisation calculations according to material intensity minimum criterion. In order to define strength properties of improved tank-container design the calculation by finite element method has been made which has been implemented by SolidWorks Simulation software. Results. On the basis of the made calculations it is established that at lifting of the container for top corner fittings the maximum equivalent pressure arising in vertical racks of a skeleton are equal 133,6 MPa, and in a boiler – 121,5 MPa, that is below allowed. Under conditions of tank-container transportation by motor transport the maximum stresses in its structure are fixed at influence on it of acceleration 1,2g in a longitudinal direction on a course of movement. The maximum equivalent stresses in the frame were 202.4 MPa, and in the boiler – 122.2 MPa, i.e. do not exceed permissible values. Conclusions. The research carried out will contribute to the development of the design of modern tank container designs and improve the operational efficiency of the transport industry.
{"title":"Investigation of the strength of a tank container during road transport","authors":"Alyona Lovska","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.277820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.277820","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Increasing the efficiency of the transport industry leads to the need to introduce modern means of transport with improved technical, economic and environmental characteristics. At present, transportation of liquid cargoes, including those in international traffic, is carried out mainly in tank containers. Therefore, in order to increase the efficiency of tank containers operation it is important to introduce designs with improved performance. Objective. Highlighting the results of improvements to the tank-container design and a study of its strength in road transport. Methods. In order to reduce the material intensity of the tank container, it is proposed to use pipes of circular cross section as frame elements and to create a boiler of composite material. Determination of pipe design parameters has been carried out by optimisation calculations according to material intensity minimum criterion. In order to define strength properties of improved tank-container design the calculation by finite element method has been made which has been implemented by SolidWorks Simulation software. Results. On the basis of the made calculations it is established that at lifting of the container for top corner fittings the maximum equivalent pressure arising in vertical racks of a skeleton are equal 133,6 MPa, and in a boiler – 121,5 MPa, that is below allowed. Under conditions of tank-container transportation by motor transport the maximum stresses in its structure are fixed at influence on it of acceleration 1,2g in a longitudinal direction on a course of movement. The maximum equivalent stresses in the frame were 202.4 MPa, and in the boiler – 122.2 MPa, i.e. do not exceed permissible values. Conclusions. The research carried out will contribute to the development of the design of modern tank container designs and improve the operational efficiency of the transport industry.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139318438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.288545
Sergey Kozlov, Volodymyr Vanin
The article analyzes the results of using the digital twin concept to study changes in the geometric parameters (GP) of an aircraft wing during its production. The concept of creating a product digital twin is put into practice by constructing geometric models of the wing console at each key stage of its manufacture. The main attention is focused on studying the change in the GP of the caisson part of the wing console at the following stages: assembling of consoles in an aircraft fixture, assembling of consoles out of an aircraft fixture and final assembling of an aircraft. It is concluded that the first significant changes in wing GP appear at the stage of removing the wing caisson from the aircraft fixture. It is shown that even with acceptable mold forming characteristics of the aircraft fixture, it does not ensure compliance of the actual wing GP with the design data within the permitted tolerances and cannot be a means of controlling GP. It is substantiated the necessity of implementing into a wing caisson manufacturing technological process a procedure for monitoring the geometric shape of the unit after its removal from an aircraft fixture. It is proposed for a comprehensive assessment of isolated units’ geometric parameters to use a digital model of the aircraft, which is formed at each stage of the product manufacturing based on executed models of the units’ actual surfaces.
文章分析了使用数字孪生概念研究飞机机翼生产过程中几何参数（GP）变化的结果。创建产品数字孪生的概念是通过在制造的每个关键阶段构建机翼控制台的几何模型来实现的。主要关注点是研究机翼控制台沉箱部分的 GP 在以下阶段的变化：控制台在飞机夹具中的组装、控制台从飞机夹具中取出的组装以及飞机的最终组装。结论是，机翼 GP 的首次显著变化出现在将机翼沉箱从飞机夹具中取出的阶段。结果表明，即使飞机夹具具有可接受的模具成型特性，也不能确保实际机翼 GP 符合允许公差范围内的设计数据，因此不能作为控制 GP 的手段。证明有必要在机翼沉箱制造技术流程中实施一套程序，用于监测从飞机夹具中取出后的装置几何形状。为全面评估隔离单元的几何参数，建议使用飞机的数字模型，该模型是根据单元实际表面的执行模型在产品制造的每个阶段形成的。
{"title":"Application of the geometric component of a product digital twin when studying its actual geometric parameters","authors":"Sergey Kozlov, Volodymyr Vanin","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.288545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.288545","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the results of using the digital twin concept to study changes in the geometric parameters (GP) of an aircraft wing during its production. The concept of creating a product digital twin is put into practice by constructing geometric models of the wing console at each key stage of its manufacture. The main attention is focused on studying the change in the GP of the caisson part of the wing console at the following stages: assembling of consoles in an aircraft fixture, assembling of consoles out of an aircraft fixture and final assembling of an aircraft. It is concluded that the first significant changes in wing GP appear at the stage of removing the wing caisson from the aircraft fixture. It is shown that even with acceptable mold forming characteristics of the aircraft fixture, it does not ensure compliance of the actual wing GP with the design data within the permitted tolerances and cannot be a means of controlling GP. It is substantiated the necessity of implementing into a wing caisson manufacturing technological process a procedure for monitoring the geometric shape of the unit after its removal from an aircraft fixture. It is proposed for a comprehensive assessment of isolated units’ geometric parameters to use a digital model of the aircraft, which is formed at each stage of the product manufacturing based on executed models of the units’ actual surfaces.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139318669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.261955
Anatoly Grabovskiy, O. Bondarets, I. Babiienko
The work is devoted to the study of material damage during elasto-plastic proportional loading, in particular, the influence of two loading mechanisms, detachment and shear, is taken into account. These mechanisms include viscous, brittle, and visco-brittle modes of failure. The accumulation of scattered damage is considered as a multi-scale and multi-stage phenomenon that occurs during proportional loading at the micro- and meso-levels of the destruction of the metal structural material. As part of the study, a quantitative assessment of the degradation of the physical and mechanical properties of materials was performed, in particular, changes in the modulus of elasticity E and G, and the definition of equivalent damage arising from an elastoplastic proportional load is proposed. Experimental data on the kinetics of damage accumulation on 12X18N10T steel samples, which were subjected to axial load (tension), shear (torsion) and proportional load with the stiffness parameter of the stress state K = 0.5 before failure, are considered. The work compares experimental results with theoretical data, damage accumulation. The obtained conclusions contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of destruction of materials under the action of a proportional load, and can also find practical application in the design and assessment of the load-bearing capacity of structural elements.
这项工作致力于研究弹塑性比例加载过程中的材料破坏，特别是考虑了两种加载机制（脱离和剪切）的影响。这些机制包括粘性、脆性和粘脆破坏模式。分散损伤的累积被视为一种多尺度、多阶段的现象，在按比例加载过程中发生在金属结构材料破坏的微观和中观层面。作为研究的一部分，对材料的物理和机械性能退化进行了定量评估，特别是弹性模量 E 和 G 的变化，并提出了弹塑性比例载荷产生的等效损伤的定义。研究考虑了 12X18N10T 钢样品损伤累积动力学的实验数据，这些样品在失效前分别承受了轴向载荷（拉伸）、剪切（扭转）和应力状态刚度参数 K = 0.5 的比例载荷。工作将实验结果与理论数据、损伤累积进行了比较。得出的结论有助于加深对材料在比例载荷作用下破坏机理的理解，也可在设计和评估结构元件的承载能力时得到实际应用。
{"title":"Damage of materials under proportional loading","authors":"Anatoly Grabovskiy, O. Bondarets, I. Babiienko","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.261955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.261955","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the study of material damage during elasto-plastic proportional loading, in particular, the influence of two loading mechanisms, detachment and shear, is taken into account. These mechanisms include viscous, brittle, and visco-brittle modes of failure. The accumulation of scattered damage is considered as a multi-scale and multi-stage phenomenon that occurs during proportional loading at the micro- and meso-levels of the destruction of the metal structural material. As part of the study, a quantitative assessment of the degradation of the physical and mechanical properties of materials was performed, in particular, changes in the modulus of elasticity E and G, and the definition of equivalent damage arising from an elastoplastic proportional load is proposed. Experimental data on the kinetics of damage accumulation on 12X18N10T steel samples, which were subjected to axial load (tension), shear (torsion) and proportional load with the stiffness parameter of the stress state K = 0.5 before failure, are considered. The work compares experimental results with theoretical data, damage accumulation. The obtained conclusions contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of destruction of materials under the action of a proportional load, and can also find practical application in the design and assessment of the load-bearing capacity of structural elements.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139318432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.282705
Ergun Ateş
Purpose: It is an important problem that the machines become unusable due to the deformation of the machine elements produced before the planned time. In this study, it was aimed to determine the KIC value of X210Cr12, which is a high strength material. In this way, more accurate load values can be used in the design.Methods: In the experimental study to determine the KIC value, the sample geometry, the crack depth, the load-dependent parameters and calculations and some conformity checks were carried out. Experimental system; KIC consists of 3-point flexure specimens, a press, an electronic circuit capable of detecting the change in load crack opening, and a logger.Findings: In the study, the loads were determined from experimental graphs. Subsequently, load-crack opening values were determined. With these data, the KIC values were calculated as 719,7 and 839,7 MPa.mm1/2 as the minumum and maximum values, respectively.Conclusion: The experimental graphs are in the form of curves that break abruptly with unstable crack propagation without showing plastic deformation. There is no study in the literature on the KIC value of X210Cr12 and it has been determined that it has a low KIC value compared to the high-strength steels studied. It is valuable to determine the KIC value, as fracture problems may occur in designs prepared with the material. The results of the study are data at room temperature.
{"title":"Determination of the KIC Fracture Toughness of the X210Cr12 High-Strength Material","authors":"Ergun Ateş","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.282705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.282705","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: It is an important problem that the machines become unusable due to the deformation of the machine elements produced before the planned time. In this study, it was aimed to determine the KIC value of X210Cr12, which is a high strength material. In this way, more accurate load values can be used in the design.Methods: In the experimental study to determine the KIC value, the sample geometry, the crack depth, the load-dependent parameters and calculations and some conformity checks were carried out. Experimental system; KIC consists of 3-point flexure specimens, a press, an electronic circuit capable of detecting the change in load crack opening, and a logger.Findings: In the study, the loads were determined from experimental graphs. Subsequently, load-crack opening values were determined. With these data, the KIC values were calculated as 719,7 and 839,7 MPa.mm1/2 as the minumum and maximum values, respectively.Conclusion: The experimental graphs are in the form of curves that break abruptly with unstable crack propagation without showing plastic deformation. There is no study in the literature on the KIC value of X210Cr12 and it has been determined that it has a low KIC value compared to the high-strength steels studied. It is valuable to determine the KIC value, as fracture problems may occur in designs prepared with the material. The results of the study are data at room temperature.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139318499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.288484
Volodumur Kaliuzhnyi, Stanislav Sytnyk, Volodymyr Levchenko
Background. Modern production of hollow products by hot reverse extrusion poses the task of reducing energy consumption and reducing metal costs for the manufacture of such products. Such problems can be solved by using them for extruding square-shaped blanks. Goal. Determination using the finite element method (FEM) of the parameters of hot reverse extrusion of hollow products from round and square blanks and comparison of the results of theoretical studies. Methodology of implementation. Theoretical studies of force modes of extrusion, specific forces and stress-strain state of metal were carried out by simulation using MSE in the DEFORM software environment. The results. Modeling of the process of hot reverse extrusion from low-carbon steel of a hollow product with protrusions on the end of the bottom part was carried out with the help of MSE. Round and square blanks are used. Extrusion forces, forces for removing punches from deformed blanks and forces for pushing out products from matrices are established. The distribution of specific forces on the deforming tool is revealed. The stress-strain state and temperature distribution in the deformed metal at the end of extrusion were determined. Evaluation of the working of the metal structure by hot plastic deformation was carried out and the obtained parameters were compared. Conclusions. The use of square-shaped blanks during hot reverse extrusion of hollow products is substantiated.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of hot reverse extrusion of hollow products from round and square blanks","authors":"Volodumur Kaliuzhnyi, Stanislav Sytnyk, Volodymyr Levchenko","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.288484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.288484","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Modern production of hollow products by hot reverse extrusion poses the task of reducing energy consumption and reducing metal costs for the manufacture of such products. Such problems can be solved by using them for extruding square-shaped blanks. Goal. Determination using the finite element method (FEM) of the parameters of hot reverse extrusion of hollow products from round and square blanks and comparison of the results of theoretical studies. Methodology of implementation. Theoretical studies of force modes of extrusion, specific forces and stress-strain state of metal were carried out by simulation using MSE in the DEFORM software environment. The results. Modeling of the process of hot reverse extrusion from low-carbon steel of a hollow product with protrusions on the end of the bottom part was carried out with the help of MSE. Round and square blanks are used. Extrusion forces, forces for removing punches from deformed blanks and forces for pushing out products from matrices are established. The distribution of specific forces on the deforming tool is revealed. The stress-strain state and temperature distribution in the deformed metal at the end of extrusion were determined. Evaluation of the working of the metal structure by hot plastic deformation was carried out and the obtained parameters were compared. Conclusions. The use of square-shaped blanks during hot reverse extrusion of hollow products is substantiated.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139318312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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