Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.278901
O. Luhovskyi, Irуna Bernyk, Igor A. Gryshko, T. Zheliaskova, Viacheslav Zheliaskov
This paper discusses traditional methods of primary milk processing and substantiates the perspective of using ultrasound for milk processing through non-thermal methods. The mechanism of ultrasound homogenization is described, along with the structural features and main components of equipment for ultrasound milk processing. The impact of ultrasound processing on the organoleptic properties of dairy products is investigated in comparison to traditional processing methods. An experimental method of ultrasound milk homogenization using equipment with an ultrasonic cavitation is also examined.
{"title":"Ultrasound homogenization in the production of dairy products","authors":"O. Luhovskyi, Irуna Bernyk, Igor A. Gryshko, T. Zheliaskova, Viacheslav Zheliaskov","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.278901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.278901","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses traditional methods of primary milk processing and substantiates the perspective of using ultrasound for milk processing through non-thermal methods. The mechanism of ultrasound homogenization is described, along with the structural features and main components of equipment for ultrasound milk processing. The impact of ultrasound processing on the organoleptic properties of dairy products is investigated in comparison to traditional processing methods. An experimental method of ultrasound milk homogenization using equipment with an ultrasonic cavitation is also examined.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139322364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.286337
Olena Naumova, Volodymyr Moroz, Viktor Kochin, V. Semenenko
The work is devoted to both the experimental studies and the computer simulation of the process of formation and development of a ventilated supercavity past the disk-cavitator in accelerated motion from the state of rest to the steady velocity. A series of experiments were carried out in the high-speed experimental tank at the Institute of Hydromechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for various values of the air-supply rate into the cavity. It has been established that the portion type of air-loss from the cavity is always preserved in the case of horizontal accelerated motion, while the air-loss by vortex tubes is always realized in the case of steady motion with the same velocity. In this case, shape of the cross sections of the unsteady cavity is close to circular one along the whole cavity length and at all stages of acceleration. To describe this process, a modified mathematical model is proposed that is based on the G.V.Logvinovich principle of independence of the cavity section expansion. An analysis of the influence of both the immersion depth and the air-supply rate on the process of development of a ventilated supercavity during acceleration has been performed by the way of computer simulation.
{"title":"Formation and development of ventilated supercavity past the disk–cavitator in accelerated motion","authors":"Olena Naumova, Volodymyr Moroz, Viktor Kochin, V. Semenenko","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.286337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.286337","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to both the experimental studies and the computer simulation of the process of formation and development of a ventilated supercavity past the disk-cavitator in accelerated motion from the state of rest to the steady velocity. A series of experiments were carried out in the high-speed experimental tank at the Institute of Hydromechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine for various values of the air-supply rate into the cavity. It has been established that the portion type of air-loss from the cavity is always preserved in the case of horizontal accelerated motion, while the air-loss by vortex tubes is always realized in the case of steady motion with the same velocity. In this case, shape of the cross sections of the unsteady cavity is close to circular one along the whole cavity length and at all stages of acceleration. To describe this process, a modified mathematical model is proposed that is based on the G.V.Logvinovich principle of independence of the cavity section expansion. An analysis of the influence of both the immersion depth and the air-supply rate on the process of development of a ventilated supercavity during acceleration has been performed by the way of computer simulation.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.277557
Grigory Avrunin, M. Podrigalo, Irene Moroz, Oleksii Koval
The analysis of the use of hydraulic fluid power of rotation of hydraulic motor-wheels for tracked and wheeled machines was carried out. The hydraulic principle schemes for the use of high-speed axial-piston hydraulic motors with planetary gearboxes and high-torque low-speed radial-piston hydraulic motors are considered, in particular, hydraulic devices for ensuring reliable movement in the event of obstacles from the road surface. The features of static and dynamic calculation methods using a mathematical model for the numerical solution of differential equations when calculating pressure fluctuations and the frequency of rotation of hydraulic motors depending on the tasks of changing the intensity of the pump supply and the working volume of the hydraulic motor, taking into account its efficiency, are shown. A comparative analysis of the technical level of hydraulic motor-wheels was carried out and a significant increase in the output parameters of high-torque radial piston hydraulic motors with respect to pressure, rotation frequency and mass-to-torque ratio was revealed. The article may be useful for engineers, scientists and master's students.
{"title":"Analysis of the technical level of hydraulic fluid power with motor-wheels","authors":"Grigory Avrunin, M. Podrigalo, Irene Moroz, Oleksii Koval","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.277557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.277557","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of the use of hydraulic fluid power of rotation of hydraulic motor-wheels for tracked and wheeled machines was carried out. The hydraulic principle schemes for the use of high-speed axial-piston hydraulic motors with planetary gearboxes and high-torque low-speed radial-piston hydraulic motors are considered, in particular, hydraulic devices for ensuring reliable movement in the event of obstacles from the road surface. The features of static and dynamic calculation methods using a mathematical model for the numerical solution of differential equations when calculating pressure fluctuations and the frequency of rotation of hydraulic motors depending on the tasks of changing the intensity of the pump supply and the working volume of the hydraulic motor, taking into account its efficiency, are shown. A comparative analysis of the technical level of hydraulic motor-wheels was carried out and a significant increase in the output parameters of high-torque radial piston hydraulic motors with respect to pressure, rotation frequency and mass-to-torque ratio was revealed. The article may be useful for engineers, scientists and master's students.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.287524
O. Uzunov
The work is touched to the design methods of the complex technical objects. The reason of the objects complication is the requirement of the dynamical processes coordination because the planed characteristics are needed. The main design stages idea – circuit diagram – simulation – structure are considered. The means of the design stages information representing of traditional approach are the relatively commonly and not consistent. It leads to design time increasing. In this work to structure the design information, coordinate the means of the different stage information representation with each others and detail design process are proposed. To do it the common information space of knowledge of the subject aria are separated on the streams. The streams represent information about the content, uniting, activities and requirements. The design process is represented as the transactions chain. Each transaction is based on the named streams and successively forms the state of the resulting functional stream. These states reflect the readiness levels of the designed object. Due to this way of means representation and detailing of information the coordination between different stages was provided. There are the possibilities to check the stage correctness executing also. As result the iteration reducing and time consumption of the design process are reached. The design process is illustrated by the example.
{"title":"Detailing the idea of the design process of hydraulic automation objects","authors":"O. Uzunov","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.287524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.287524","url":null,"abstract":"The work is touched to the design methods of the complex technical objects. The reason of the objects complication is the requirement of the dynamical processes coordination because the planed characteristics are needed. The main design stages idea – circuit diagram – simulation – structure are considered. The means of the design stages information representing of traditional approach are the relatively commonly and not consistent. It leads to design time increasing. In this work to structure the design information, coordinate the means of the different stage information representation with each others and detail design process are proposed. To do it the common information space of knowledge of the subject aria are separated on the streams. The streams represent information about the content, uniting, activities and requirements. The design process is represented as the transactions chain. Each transaction is based on the named streams and successively forms the state of the resulting functional stream. These states reflect the readiness levels of the designed object. Due to this way of means representation and detailing of information the coordination between different stages was provided. There are the possibilities to check the stage correctness executing also. As result the iteration reducing and time consumption of the design process are reached. The design process is illustrated by the example.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.286738
V. Rubashevskyi, S. Shukayev
Background. The combination of additive technologies with reinforced materials opens up new vistas for creating lightweight and durable products having unique characteristics. Implementing these technologies into the production requires effective evaluation methods of the ultimate limit state of such products. Objective. The article deals with the mechanical properties of samples, manufactured by the method of surfacing FDM with two polylactide-based thermoplastic threads: PLA-Cg+ with 5% layered graphite filling and PLA-CCF with 10% carbon fiber filling. Methods. The impact of 3D printing process parameters, such as print orientation and layer thickness, on specimens' mechanical characteristics under conditions of tension and compression, has been experimentally researched. Results. It is shown that both print orientation and layer thickness substantially influence specimens' mechanical properties of both materials. A comparative analysis of experimental data with calculations by failure criteria has been carried out: Tsai-Hill, Tsai-Wu, Hoffman, Mises, and maximum stresses. Conclusions. The results of the tests proved that there is a significant influence of the studied parameters of the printing process on the mechanical characteristics of PLA + graphite specimens under both tension and compression. For the most part, samples with a smaller thickness have both a higher ultimate strength (limit of proportionality) and a greater relative elongation. It is defined that the best concurrence between experimental and calculated data for both materials can be achieved through using the generalized von Mises criterion.
{"title":"The strength and elastic property of PLA + graphite composites: experimental and theoretical analyses","authors":"V. Rubashevskyi, S. Shukayev","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.286738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.286738","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The combination of additive technologies with reinforced materials opens up new vistas for creating lightweight and durable products having unique characteristics. Implementing these technologies into the production requires effective evaluation methods of the ultimate limit state of such products. Objective. The article deals with the mechanical properties of samples, manufactured by the method of surfacing FDM with two polylactide-based thermoplastic threads: PLA-Cg+ with 5% layered graphite filling and PLA-CCF with 10% carbon fiber filling. Methods. The impact of 3D printing process parameters, such as print orientation and layer thickness, on specimens' mechanical characteristics under conditions of tension and compression, has been experimentally researched. Results. It is shown that both print orientation and layer thickness substantially influence specimens' mechanical properties of both materials. A comparative analysis of experimental data with calculations by failure criteria has been carried out: Tsai-Hill, Tsai-Wu, Hoffman, Mises, and maximum stresses. Conclusions. The results of the tests proved that there is a significant influence of the studied parameters of the printing process on the mechanical characteristics of PLA + graphite specimens under both tension and compression. For the most part, samples with a smaller thickness have both a higher ultimate strength (limit of proportionality) and a greater relative elongation. It is defined that the best concurrence between experimental and calculated data for both materials can be achieved through using the generalized von Mises criterion.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139338809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.287711
Mukola Kryshchuk, Egor Ovcharenko, Hanna Us
An analytical method for calculating the equivalent elastic characteristics of anisotropic multilayer plates made of composite fibrous materials is laid out. The main assumptions taken into consideration when calculating elastic moduli and Pousson's coefficients are that fibers are elastic materials with orthotropic mechanical characteristics that deform together when multilayer plates are loaded. Analytical methods for calculating effective modulus of elasticity most common in practical applications of applied mechanics are laid out in the list of cited publications. These include the rules of the mixture, the model proposed by Hill and Khashin, the model of Kilchinsky, the methods of Vanin and L.P. Khoroshun. Numerical methods for determining the elastic mechanical properties of reinforced unidirectional and layered composite materials are based on information technologies of finite-element modeling of representative volumes of composite materials and solving a number of boundary value problems for them. For the constructions of thin-walled plates with composite fibrous materials, traditional calculation schemes are used, for which the plane stress state is typical. The stress-strain relationship for a monolayer of plates loaded at an arbitrary angle is presented in the form of Hooke's law for aniotropic materials. Deformations of a package of monolayers with composite fibrous materials in a plane elastic-deformed state are determined, as for a monolayer, by four independent elastic constants. With the use of a universal calculation model based on the equations of applied mechanics, the results of the calculations of elastic moduli and Poisson's coefficients were obtained for a package of monolayers of thin-walled plates with composite fibrous materials made of carbon fiber and carbon fiber. Research results are presented in an analytical and graphic form. The influence of the construction structure of composite fibrous materials of thin-walled plates on its mechanical properties and their dependence on the angle of the force load vector is presented. The research results can be used to determine the rational mechanical properties of multilayer composite plates, taking into account their structural and technological purpose in various industries.
{"title":"Determination of elastic characteristics for a package of monolayers thin-walled plates from composite fibrous materials","authors":"Mukola Kryshchuk, Egor Ovcharenko, Hanna Us","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.287711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.287711","url":null,"abstract":"An analytical method for calculating the equivalent elastic characteristics of anisotropic multilayer plates made of composite fibrous materials is laid out. The main assumptions taken into consideration when calculating elastic moduli and Pousson's coefficients are that fibers are elastic materials with orthotropic mechanical characteristics that deform together when multilayer plates are loaded. Analytical methods for calculating effective modulus of elasticity most common in practical applications of applied mechanics are laid out in the list of cited publications. These include the rules of the mixture, the model proposed by Hill and Khashin, the model of Kilchinsky, the methods of Vanin and L.P. Khoroshun. Numerical methods for determining the elastic mechanical properties of reinforced unidirectional and layered composite materials are based on information technologies of finite-element modeling of representative volumes of composite materials and solving a number of boundary value problems for them. For the constructions of thin-walled plates with composite fibrous materials, traditional calculation schemes are used, for which the plane stress state is typical. The stress-strain relationship for a monolayer of plates loaded at an arbitrary angle is presented in the form of Hooke's law for aniotropic materials. Deformations of a package of monolayers with composite fibrous materials in a plane elastic-deformed state are determined, as for a monolayer, by four independent elastic constants. With the use of a universal calculation model based on the equations of applied mechanics, the results of the calculations of elastic moduli and Poisson's coefficients were obtained for a package of monolayers of thin-walled plates with composite fibrous materials made of carbon fiber and carbon fiber. Research results are presented in an analytical and graphic form. The influence of the construction structure of composite fibrous materials of thin-walled plates on its mechanical properties and their dependence on the angle of the force load vector is presented. The research results can be used to determine the rational mechanical properties of multilayer composite plates, taking into account their structural and technological purpose in various industries.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139338953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.277341
Kirill Danylenko, Igor Orynyak
The paper elaborates the principally new variant of finite element method in application to plate problem. It differs from classical FEM approach by, at least, three points. First, it uses the strong differential formulation rather than the weak one and suppose the approximate analytical solution of all differential equations. Second, it explicitly uses all geometrical and physical parameters in the procedure of solution, rather than some chosen ones, for example, displacement and angles of rotation as usually done in FEM formulation. Third, the conjugation between adjacent elements occurs between the adjacent sections rather than in polygon vertexes. These conditions require the continuity of displacements, angles, moments and forces. Each side of rectangular elements is characterized by 6 main parameters, so, at whole there are 24 parameters for each rectangular element. The right and upper sides’ parameters are considered as output ones, and they are related with lower and left sides ones by matrix equations, which allows to apply transfer matrix method for the compilation of the resulting system of equations for the whole plate. The numerical examples for the thin-walled and Mindlin plates show the high efficiency and accuracy of the method.
{"title":"Method of matched sections in application to thin-walled and Mindlin rectangular plates","authors":"Kirill Danylenko, Igor Orynyak","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.277341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.277341","url":null,"abstract":"The paper elaborates the principally new variant of finite element method in application to plate problem. It differs from classical FEM approach by, at least, three points. First, it uses the strong differential formulation rather than the weak one and suppose the approximate analytical solution of all differential equations. Second, it explicitly uses all geometrical and physical parameters in the procedure of solution, rather than some chosen ones, for example, displacement and angles of rotation as usually done in FEM formulation. Third, the conjugation between adjacent elements occurs between the adjacent sections rather than in polygon vertexes. These conditions require the continuity of displacements, angles, moments and forces. Each side of rectangular elements is characterized by 6 main parameters, so, at whole there are 24 parameters for each rectangular element. The right and upper sides’ parameters are considered as output ones, and they are related with lower and left sides ones by matrix equations, which allows to apply transfer matrix method for the compilation of the resulting system of equations for the whole plate. The numerical examples for the thin-walled and Mindlin plates show the high efficiency and accuracy of the method.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139338823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.274471
Mykola Tormakhov
When a body element is proportionally loaded, its differently oriented material fibers can stretch, compress or not change their length. The direction of material fibers that do not change their length is neutral. Neutral direction divides compressed and stretched directions of the fibers. Within the limits of elasticity, the neutral direction does not change its orientation, and beyond the limit of elasticity, it rotates relative to the material fibers. Some material fibers, the slope of which is close to neutral, can change their deformation sign, and this change indicates that the element of the body has reached the plastic state.The proposed technique of the plastic state monitoring is demonstrated on a uniaxial stress state. The non-monotonicity of the close to the neutral direction material fiber deformation that oriented is confirmed by calculations and in an experiment on the tension of cylindrical specimen.The proposed technique allows fix plastic state of the material at proportional loading without value deformations or stresses measuring but by changing the sign of the deformation of the material fibers, the slope of which is close to the neutral direction.
{"title":"Monitoring of the plastic state by changing of a deformation sign","authors":"Mykola Tormakhov","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.274471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.274471","url":null,"abstract":"When a body element is proportionally loaded, its differently oriented material fibers can stretch, compress or not change their length. The direction of material fibers that do not change their length is neutral. Neutral direction divides compressed and stretched directions of the fibers. Within the limits of elasticity, the neutral direction does not change its orientation, and beyond the limit of elasticity, it rotates relative to the material fibers. Some material fibers, the slope of which is close to neutral, can change their deformation sign, and this change indicates that the element of the body has reached the plastic state.The proposed technique of the plastic state monitoring is demonstrated on a uniaxial stress state. The non-monotonicity of the close to the neutral direction material fiber deformation that oriented is confirmed by calculations and in an experiment on the tension of cylindrical specimen.The proposed technique allows fix plastic state of the material at proportional loading without value deformations or stresses measuring but by changing the sign of the deformation of the material fibers, the slope of which is close to the neutral direction.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139338847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.281406
Valery Kotlyarov
Requirement towards the enhancement of the results of technological operations of laser processing, their transformation into precise technological operations is solved, in general, by the choice of optimal technological schemes of laser processing and characteristics of a tool that is formed from laser beam characteristics. The main goal of these attempts is to minimize portions of energy that destroys and removes the material from the cavity of element being formed utilizing ultra-short pulses of electro-magnetic energy with high intensity that can bring balance to the instability of technological process, manage it outcome and maintain the quality of processing. On the other hand, it leads to a decrease in the efficiency of technological operations of laser processing. For example, linear speed of laser cutting of stent with nanosecond pulses are used is within the range of 25 to 30 millimeters per minute, whereas in the case of microsecond pulses - the processing speed can reach up to 250 mm/min and slight striation of side surface of the cutting kerf could be eliminated by means of post processing. Since the process of material destruction at laser beam processing is of a thermal nature in terms of heat dissipation and its propagation into the body of the work piece (especially the metal one), it is possible to control and modify the absorption of radiation by the surface of the work piece, the spatial shape of the heat source and thermal an physical properties of the work piece. This paper discusses perspective solutions for the successful engineering of laser beam irradiation process.
{"title":"Engineering of heat sources in laser precision machining","authors":"Valery Kotlyarov","doi":"10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.281406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.2.281406","url":null,"abstract":"Requirement towards the enhancement of the results of technological operations of laser processing, their transformation into precise technological operations is solved, in general, by the choice of optimal technological schemes of laser processing and characteristics of a tool that is formed from laser beam characteristics. The main goal of these attempts is to minimize portions of energy that destroys and removes the material from the cavity of element being formed utilizing ultra-short pulses of electro-magnetic energy with high intensity that can bring balance to the instability of technological process, manage it outcome and maintain the quality of processing. On the other hand, it leads to a decrease in the efficiency of technological operations of laser processing. For example, linear speed of laser cutting of stent with nanosecond pulses are used is within the range of 25 to 30 millimeters per minute, whereas in the case of microsecond pulses - the processing speed can reach up to 250 mm/min and slight striation of side surface of the cutting kerf could be eliminated by means of post processing. Since the process of material destruction at laser beam processing is of a thermal nature in terms of heat dissipation and its propagation into the body of the work piece (especially the metal one), it is possible to control and modify the absorption of radiation by the surface of the work piece, the spatial shape of the heat source and thermal an physical properties of the work piece. This paper discusses perspective solutions for the successful engineering of laser beam irradiation process.","PeriodicalId":32423,"journal":{"name":"Mechanics and Advanced Technologies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139338736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-08DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.1.272443
Hryhoriy Vorona, Mykyta Ananchenko, Oleh Makhnenko
Many pipelines in Ukrainian nuclear power plants have been in operation for over 30 years, and the determination of the admissibility of erosion-corrosion wear (ECW) defects in the pipeline wall metal is currently one of the pressing issues in the nuclear energy sector of Ukraine. A comparative analysis of determining the admissibility of pipe wall thinning due to ECW was conducted using the adopted methodology “MT-T.0.03.224-18” by the State Enterprise “Energoatom” and the guidance based on the use of regulatory documents for designing pipeline elements. The use of the methodology demonstrated significant advantages in terms of reducing the conservatism of ECW assessment, especially for small-scale thinning and pipelines operating at pressures below 60-80 kgf/cm2, which allows for a substantial reduction in repair work. However, the implementation of the methodology in practice may encounter difficulties due to the complexity and labor-intensiveness of the calculation assessment procedure for nuclear power plant personnel. Therefore, to automate the ECW admissibility assessment in accordance with the methodology requirements, software (SW) was developed for use by nuclear power plant personnel, enabling the prompt generation of a protocol for the express assessment procedure of ECW admissibility for a straight section of the pipeline based on the measurement results of wall thinning parameters in the axial direction. The software allows for concluding whether the section can be put into operation, sent for repair, or requires further refined assessment. Additionally, software based on the finite element method (FEM) was developed, which, when necessary, allows for a refined assessment of a straight section, taking into account the depth and angle of thinning in the circumferential direction, and calculates the stress of the limit plastic state of the pipeline section with ECW from the perspective of viscous fracture. The devel- opment is applicable in the field of nuclear energy in Ukraine.
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