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Semi-analytical implicit direct time integration method for 1-D gas dynamic problem 一维气体动力学问题的半解析隐式直接时间积分法
Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.1.271273
Igor Orynyak, Iryna Kostyushko, Roman Mazuryk
Sharp wave treatment for 1-D gas dynamic problem is still a chellenge for modern numerical methods. They often require too many space and time steps, produce spurious oscillation of solution, exhibit a strong numerical dissipation or divergence of results. This paper is further extension of authors’ idea of employment the analytical solution for space coordinate, where time step is a parameter which used in the space solution. Its peculiarity consists in development of additional procedure of linearization of dependence between the pressure and density. It is performed in premise that actual pressure for each space element is close to the basic pressure, attained at previous moment of time. The efficiency of method is tested on the very popular task of Sod, where two different ideal gases in a tube are separated by diaphragm, which is suddenly broken. The problem considered in Lagrangian coordinates formulation. The results obtained show the very good efficiency of method, which requires the essentially lesser time and space steps, leads to no spurious oscillation and give consistent and predictable results with respect to meshing. The accuracy of method is mostly controlled by time step, which should be larger than clearly stated theoretical lower limit. Other advantage of method is that it can calculate the process to any desired moment of time, and space meshing can be variable in time and space and can be easily adapted during the process of calculation.
一维气体动力学问题的锐波处理仍然是现代数值方法的一个挑战。它们通常需要太多的空间和时间步长,导致解的伪振荡,表现出很强的数值耗散或结果发散。本文是作者利用空间坐标解析解的思想的进一步推广,其中时间步长是空间解中的一个参数。它的特点在于对压力和密度之间的相关性进行线性化的附加程序的发展。其前提是每个空间单元的实际压力接近于前一时刻的基本压力。该方法的有效性在非常流行的Sod任务中得到了测试,该任务是用隔膜将管中的两种不同的理想气体分开,而隔膜突然断裂。拉格朗日坐标公式中考虑的问题。结果表明,该方法具有较好的效率,所需的时间和空间步长都较短,不会产生伪振荡,网格划分结果一致且可预测。方法的精度主要由时间步长控制,时间步长应大于明确规定的理论下限。该方法的另一个优点是可以将过程计算到所需的任何时刻,并且空间网格划分可以随时间和空间变化,在计算过程中可以方便地进行调整。
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引用次数: 0
Taking into account a location of aircraft’s center of mass during motion cuing 考虑到在运动过程中飞机质心的位置
Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.1.273332
Volodymyr Kabanyachyi, Serhii Hrytsan, Serhii Yankovskyi
Compared to other information sources, motion cues provide a pilot with anticipatory information about spatial position and movement of aircraft. For motion cueing a flight simulator cockpit is installed on a motion system, movement of which motion cueing. Therefore, motion system is one of the most important components of full flight simulators. The problem of effective use of constructive resources of six-degrees of freedom synergistic motion system has been solved. But the problem of improving the motion cueing remained unsolved, due to the fact that location of motion system center of rotation is significantly different from location of aircraf’s center of gravity, and motion cues differ from real, flight one. The study subject is motion cueing on flight simulators. The problem was solved on the basis of simplified operator for transformation of motion system movements along individual degrees of freedom into jack movements, cubic spline functions to describe the dependence of the centers of rotation along pitch and yaw, and optimization theory using the deformable polyhedron method. The formulated and solved problem of taking into account of location of aircraft’s center of gravity during motion cueing along pitch and yaw increases an efficiency of using of constructive resource of a six-degrees of freedom synergistic motion system, a motion cueing fidelity and training realism on flight simulator.
与其他信息源相比,运动线索为飞行员提供了关于飞机空间位置和运动的预期信息。对于运动提示,飞行模拟器座舱安装在运动系统上,运动系统的运动提示。因此,运动系统是全飞行模拟器的重要组成部分之一。解决了六自由度协同运动系统构造资源的有效利用问题。但是,由于运动系统的旋转中心位置与飞机的重心位置有很大的不同,并且运动线索与真实的飞行线索不同,因此改进运动线索的问题仍然没有得到解决。研究对象是飞行模拟器上的运动提示。基于将运动系统沿各自由度运动转化为千斤顶运动的简化算子、描述旋转中心沿俯仰和偏摆依赖关系的三次样条函数以及采用可变形多面体方法的优化理论,对该问题进行了求解。提出并解决了俯仰和偏航运动提示时考虑飞机重心位置的问题,提高了六自由度协同运动系统构造资源的利用效率,提高了运动提示的保真度和飞行模拟器训练的真实感。
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引用次数: 0
Ensuring accuracy of contour milling on CNC machines 保证数控机床的轮廓铣削精度
Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.1.276162
Yury Petrakov, Yan Romanov
Contour milling is characterized by quasi-stationary, which leads to the occurrence of a machining error caused by elastic deflections of the machining system. Moreover, such an error cannot be eliminated by sub-adjusting the control program "for size", since it not is constant and changes along the contour in a wide range. To ensure the accuracy of contour milling, a new method of combined control is proposed, which uses a posteriori information of machine verification measurements of the machined surface and a priori information of modeling the material removal process. In case of single manufacturing, the allowance on the last pass is divided into two parts, and after machining the first part, verifications are performed, then modeling and machining of the second half according to the corrected control program. In mass manufacturing, verifications are performed on the first part, and all subsequent ones are machined according to the adjusted control program. To obtain the necessary a posteriori information, the technology of machine verifications on CNC-machine with a three-coordinate probe according to standard control programs is proposed, and it is enough to perform two measurements or one, in the presence of surfaces inclined to the coordinate axes of the contour. A computer program was created, the core of which is a mathematical model of the process, which reproduces the structural diagram of the machining system closed behind two elastic deflections. The primary control file is loaded in G-codes with measurement data, and as a result of the process simulation, a new control file for the CNC-machine tool is formed, which eliminates the error from elastic deflections of machining system. Preliminary tests showed the possibility of increasing the accuracy of contour machining by more than 3 times.
轮廓铣削具有准平稳性,导致加工系统的弹性挠度引起加工误差。此外,这种误差不能通过“为尺寸”调整控制程序来消除,因为它不是恒定的,而是沿轮廓在很大范围内变化。为了保证轮廓铣削的精度,提出了一种利用加工表面的机器验证测量的后验信息和材料去除过程建模的先验信息进行组合控制的新方法。在单次制造的情况下,最后一道工序的余量分为两部分,在加工完第一部分后进行验证,然后根据修正后的控制程序对后半部分进行建模和加工。在批量生产中,对第一部分进行验证,所有后续部分都按照调整后的控制程序进行加工。为了获得必要的后验信息,提出了根据标准控制程序在数控机床上使用三坐标探头进行机床验证的技术,该技术在轮廓坐标轴倾斜曲面存在的情况下,进行两次或一次测量就足够了。创建了一个计算机程序,其核心是过程的数学模型,该程序再现了封闭在两个弹性挠度后面的加工系统的结构图。将测量数据以g -code的形式加载到主控制文件中,通过过程仿真,形成了新的数控机床控制文件,消除了加工系统的弹性挠度误差。初步试验表明,轮廓加工精度有可能提高3倍以上。
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引用次数: 0
Technology and mechanical properties of reinforced continuous fiber 3D-printed thermoplastic composite 增强连续纤维3d打印热塑性复合材料的工艺与力学性能
Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.1.266177
Anton Karvatskii, Vladyslav Solovei
Background. Additive technologies based on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) modeling methods attract a lot of attention from both industry and research groups, which is explained by low investment costs, ease of production, etc. If the processing parameters are correctly selected, products with mechanical properties close to products obtained by traditional technologies can be obtained. Objective. Practical implementation of the modernized technology for 3D printing of Polylactid Acid (PLA) samples reinforced with continuous Kevlar fiber using the FDM method and determination of their mechanical properties. Methods is based on experimental and theoretical studies of the limit of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of the composite and includes testing of samples on the SHIMADZU AGS-X testing machine and solving the inverse problem. Results. Experimental samples of thermoplastic composite (PLA+Kevlar fiber Æ0.3 mm) were tested for tension. It was found that the tensile strength of the reinforced composite compared to the unreinforced one with a Kevlar volume fraction of about 12% increases by 2.38 times, and the modulus of elasticity increases by 1.45 times. With a confidence interval of 0.68, the error of determining the ultimate tensile strength is 3.5%, and the modulus of elasticity is 4.5%. A theoretical dependence was obtained for predicting the modulus of elasticity of thermoplastic composites in the range of changes in the degree of reinforcement up to 15%. Conclusions. The application of additive technologies based on FDM for 3D printing of thermoplastic composites with increased mechanical properties is substantiated.
背景。基于熔融沉积建模(FDM)建模方法的增材技术以其投资成本低、易于生产等优点受到了业界和科研团体的广泛关注。如果正确选择加工参数,则可以获得与传统工艺获得的产品力学性能接近的产品。目标。采用FDM方法对连续凯夫拉纤维增强聚乳酸(PLA)样品进行3D打印的现代化技术的实际实施,并测定了其机械性能。方法是基于复合材料抗拉强度和弹性模量极限的实验和理论研究,包括在SHIMADZU AGS-X试验机上对样品进行测试和求解反问题。结果。对热塑性复合材料(PLA+Kevlar纤维Æ0.3 mm)的实验样品进行了拉伸测试。结果表明,当凯夫拉体积分数为12%时,增强复合材料的抗拉强度比未增强复合材料提高2.38倍,弹性模量提高1.45倍。在0.68的置信区间内,确定极限抗拉强度的误差为3.5%,弹性模量的误差为4.5%。理论依赖于预测热塑性复合材料的弹性模量在变化范围内的增强程度高达15%。结论。基于FDM的增材技术在热塑性复合材料3D打印中的应用,提高了材料的力学性能。
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引用次数: 0
Vacuum plasma erosion resistant 2D nanocomposite coating Avinit for compressor blades of gas turbine engines of aircraft engines 航空发动机燃气涡轮发动机压气机叶片抗真空等离子体腐蚀二维纳米复合涂层Avinit
Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.20535/2521-1943.2023.7.1.264788
Oleksiy Sagalovych, Viktor Popov, Oleksandr Kononyhin, Vladislav Sagalovych, Stanislav Dudnik, Oleksandr Prokopenko
The work is devoted to the search for new vacuum-plasma coatings with high hardness to increase the durability of the compressor blades of the GTE of aircraft engines Ti-Al-N-based vacuum-plasma coatings obtained by Avinit technologies, which ensure the application of hard, high-quality coatings with dramatically reduced micro-arc damage, were selected as candidates. Avinit multilayer coatings have higher functional characteristics than TiN (microhardness, crack resistance, temperature resistance, erosion and corrosion resistance) and may be promising for applying erosion-resistant coatings for compressor blades. Avinit technologies are technologically closest to the vacuum-plasma technologies used in industrial production for applying TiN protective coatings. New multi-layered 2D nanocomposite wear-resistant ion-plasma hard coatings Avinit (TiN-AlN)n have been developed. The created software products made it possible to reach a qualitatively new level in terms of further modification and improvement of the designs of Avinit functional coatings, stability of technologies and improvement of their quality control when applying such coatings for use in the production of compressor blades of gas turbine engines of aircraft engines. Special attention is paid to methods of preliminary ion-plasma treatment of surfaces before coating. Metallographic studies of the chemical and phase composition and structure of Avinit (TiN-AlN)n coatings have been carried out. The thickness of the coatings is 7-9 μm, the microhardness is 34-35 GPa (compared to the serially used TiN coating: 27.4 GPa). The use of three-stage ion-plasma treatment in Avinit technologies using a double vacuum-arc discharge followed by the application of strengthening coatings in a single technological cycle eliminates the formation of cracks and ensures the production of tightly bonded, high-quality coatings of a given composition with the maximally reduced share of the droplet component. The developed coatings (TiN-AlN)n were applied to experimental batches of working compressor blades of GTE aircraft engines for bench tests.
为了提高航空发动机GTE压气机叶片的耐用性,本研究致力于寻找新型高硬度真空等离子涂层。Avinit公司获得的ti - al - n基真空等离子涂层确保了高硬度、高质量的涂层,并大大减少了微弧损伤,因此被选为候选涂层。Avinit多层涂层具有比TiN更高的功能特性(显微硬度、抗裂性、耐温性、侵蚀性和耐腐蚀性),有望应用于压缩机叶片的抗侵蚀涂层。Avinit技术在技术上与工业生产中应用TiN保护涂层的真空等离子体技术最接近。研制了一种新型多层二维纳米复合离子等离子体耐磨涂层Avinit (TiN-AlN)n。在航空发动机燃气涡轮发动机压气机叶片生产中应用Avinit功能涂料,使Avinit功能涂料在进一步修改和改进设计、技术稳定性和质量控制方面达到了一个质的新水平。特别注意的是涂层前表面的初步离子等离子体处理方法。本文对Avinit (TiN-AlN)n涂层的化学成分、相组成和组织进行了金相研究。涂层厚度为7 ~ 9 μm,显微硬度为34 ~ 35 GPa(与连续使用的TiN涂层相比为27.4 GPa)。Avinit技术采用三级离子等离子体处理,采用双真空电弧放电,然后在一个技术周期内应用强化涂层,消除了裂纹的形成,并确保生产出紧密结合的高质量涂层,最大限度地减少了液滴成分的份额。将所研制的TiN-AlN涂层应用于GTE航空发动机压气机叶片上进行台架试验。
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引用次数: 0
METHODS OF OBTAINING NON-ALCOHOLIC AND LOW-ALCOHOL BEER 无酒精啤酒和低酒精啤酒的制备方法
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.55956/vpdk3258
Т.А. Байбатыров, А.Ж. Наурызбаева, Э.Б. Аскарбеков, Г.И. Байгазиева
Алкогольсіз және төмен алкогольді сыра нарығы соңғы жылдары айтарлықтай өсті және өсуді жалғастырады деп болжануда. Дегенмен, алкогольсіз және төмен алкогольді сыралардың органолептикалық проблемалары бар және көптеген тұтынушылар тарапынан мойындалмайды. Физикалық әдістер (деалкоголизация) дәмді нашарлатпау үшін әдеттегі күшті сырадан этанолды кетірудің жұмсақ және таңдаулы әдістеріне бағытталған. Биологиялық әдістер ашытуды тоқтату немесе баяулату арқылы этанолдың төмендеуіне назар аударады. Алкогольсіз сыраны өндіру үшін сахаромицет емес ашытқыны қолдану бойынша зерттеулер соңғы жылдары кеңейіп, тереңдей түсті, бұл сыраға жаңа дәм әкелуі мүмкін. Соңғы әдіс сонымен қатар оны қолдану физикалық деалкоголизация әдістерінен айырмашылығы қосымша арнайы жабдықты қажет етпейтіндігімен де қызықтырады. Алкогольсіз немесе төмен алкогольді сырадағы дәм ақаулары этанол концентрациясын жою немесе төмендету процестерінде пайда болады. Деалкоголизацияның барлық технологиялары ұшпа хош иісті қосылыстардың (жоғары спирттер, эфирлер) айтарлықтай жоғалуына әкеледі. Көптеген авторлардың пікірінше, мембраналық сүзу әдісін қолдану арқылы минималды шығындарға қол жеткізіледі. Мұнда алкогольсіз және төмен алкогольді сыраны алудың әртүрлі тәсілдері және осы технологиялардан туындайтын сыраның дәмдік-хош иісті ақаулары қарастырылған.
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引用次数: 0
STUDY OF STRENGTH AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF NONWOVEN MATERIALS 非织造材料的强度和结构性能研究
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.55956/ypup6494
Е.А. Кенжебаев, Б. Абзалбекулы, Г. Елдияр
Мақалада беймата материалдарының беріктік және құрылымдық қасиеттері зерттелді. Зерттеу H25S әмбебап үзу машинасы арқылы халықаралық ИСО 9073.3-1989 стандарды бойынша жүргізілді. Зерттеу нәтижесінде бейматалардың беріктік және құрылымдық қасиеттері анықталып, Exsel бағдарламасы арқылы статистикалық талдау жасалды. Бейматаларды аяқ киім және құрылыс саласында жылытқыш материалдар ретінде қолданылу мүмкіндігі негізделді.
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引用次数: 0
Development of a national sour lactic dairy product based on non-boiling cereals and its quality evaluation 以非煮谷物为原料的国产酸乳酸乳制品的研制及质量评价
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.55956/ltbn1156
A.B. Мynbayeva, U.M. Kelesbekova
The article is devoted to the creation of a national lactic acid product "Flaky Cottage Cheese" on the basis of three kinds of cereal flakes, which do not require boiling. In the course of research the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of the obtained product were determined. It was found that the addition of uncooked three-grain flakes to the cottage cheese has a positive effect on the quality of organoleptic indicators of the finished product, i.e. gives the product a particularly pleasant taste and increases its nutritional value.
本文以三种不需煮沸的谷物片为基础,研制出一种民族乳酸产品“片状白干酪”。在研究过程中,测定了所得产品的感官参数和理化参数。研究发现,在白软干酪中加入生三粒片对成品的感官指标质量有积极的影响,即使产品口感特别好,增加了其营养价值。
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引用次数: 0
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GLUTEN-FREE SPONGE ROLLS 无麸质海绵卷流变特性的研制与评价
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.55956/uerb2878
Н.В. Иванникова, Л.Ж. Алашбаева
В статье представлена технология получения безглютеновых мучных кондитерских изделий – бисквитных рулетов из рисовой и гречневой муки в качестве специализированной пищевой продукции в рационе питания для людей больных целиакией. Проведен ряд исследований по определению качественных показателей, определены реологические характеристики полуфабрикатов и готовой продукции.
这篇文章介绍了生产无谷蛋白面粉糕点的技术,这是一种由米粉和荞麦制成的饼干卷,作为治疗乳糜泻患者的特殊食品。对质量指标进行了一些研究,确定了半成品和成品的流变特征。
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引用次数: 0
INVESTIGATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROCESSES OCCURRING DURING THE FIRING OF HEAT-RESISTANT CONCRETE BASED ON SILICATE-SODIUM COMPOSITE BINDERS 硅酸盐-钠复合粘结剂耐热混凝土烧成过程的理化过程研究
Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.55956/iebt4719
Г.М. Баялиева, С.Т. Дуйсенбаева, Ж.Т. Иманбердиева
Негізгі қаптағыш (футеровка) материалдары ретінде қымбат отқа төзімді заттар қолданылады (шамот, корунд, кордиерит, жоғары глинозем және т.б.), олар жоғары отқа төзімді болғанымен, жұмыс температурасы 1000-1300 0С дейінгі жылу қондырғыларында тиімсіз қолданылады. Ең арзан байлам-бұл техногендік шикізат негізінде жасалған тұтқыр заттар: кварциттер құм, домна және фосфор шлактары. Силикат-натрий композициялық тұтқырғышындағы ыстыққа төзімді бетон күйдіру температурасы 1000-нан 1300 0С-қа дейінгі керамикалық бұйымдарды, әкті және басқа материалдарды алу үшін пештердің пайдалану жағдайларына төтеп бере алады. Минералды шикізатты кешенді пайдалану негізінен Ресейден жеткізілетін қымбат, отқа төзімді өнімдерді үнемдеуге ғана емес, сонымен қатар аймақтағы экологиялық жағдайды жақсартуға мүмкіндік береді.
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引用次数: 0
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Mechanics and Advanced Technologies
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