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ANALYSIS OF TIPPING BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS ONLINE TRANSPORTATION SERVICE PARTNER BEFORE AND DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK COVID-19爆发前和期间对在线交通服务合作伙伴的小费行为分析
Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.29062/mahardika.v20i3.407
M. Husein, G. O. Warmana
Online Transportation Services are growing significantly in Indonesia from 2015 to 2020. With their proposed value propositions, this service has become one of the most popular services in Indonesia. Due to the high customer satisfaction of this service, many customers give tips to the driver or riders as a reward for the service. However, since the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia, the user traffic of this service has been decreasing significantly. As a result, many partners of this service cannot earn adequate income for their families. In response to this, to help alleviate the life of these service partners during the COVID-19 outbreak, a campaign has been started through social media to encourage customers to give more tips to these service partners. Based on this phenomenon background, this study was conducted to analyse the customer tipping behaviour change on this service before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in South Sulawesi and South East Sulawesi province. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test Analysis Method was used to analyse 74 respondent data. There are eight customer categories in this study. The results show significant changes in the tip size for Customers with No Income and Customers from South East Sulawesi category. Another interesting finding is that although most respondent customers as a mean to reward the service, the number of customers who give a tip for almsgiving is increasing significantly during the COVID-19 outbreak.
从2015年到2020年,印尼的在线交通服务将显著增长。凭借他们提出的价值主张,这项服务已成为印尼最受欢迎的服务之一。由于顾客对这项服务的满意度很高,许多顾客会给司机或乘客小费,作为对这项服务的奖励。但是,自印度尼西亚新冠肺炎疫情爆发以来,该服务的用户流量大幅下降。因此,这项服务的许多合作伙伴无法为其家庭赚取足够的收入。为此,为了帮助缓解这些服务合作伙伴在2019冠状病毒病疫情期间的生活,我们通过社交媒体发起了一项活动,鼓励客户向这些服务合作伙伴提供更多提示。基于这一现象背景,本研究分析了南苏拉威西省和东南苏拉威西省在2019冠状病毒病爆发前和期间顾客在该服务上的小费行为变化。采用Wilcoxon sign - rank检验分析法对74名被调查者的数据进行分析。在这项研究中有8个客户类别。结果显示,没有收入的顾客和苏拉威西东南部顾客的小费数额有显著变化。另一个有趣的发现是,尽管大多数受访者将顾客作为奖励服务的一种手段,但在2019冠状病毒病爆发期间,为施舍提供小费的顾客数量正在显著增加。
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引用次数: 0
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, EMPLOYMENT COMPETENCY AND CAREER LEVELS AS PREDICTORS OF JOB SATISFACTION AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE 变革型领导、就业能力和职业水平作为工作满意度和员工绩效的预测因子
Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.29062/mahardika.v20i3.421
Khamaidi Khamaidi, I. Ardiana, M. Ridwan
The aim of this study is to explore the transformational relationship of leadership, job competence, and career path to job satisfaction and employee performance, and explore the relationship of job satisfaction in employee performance. The method used in this study is quantitative by focusing on hypothesis testing. While the sample used is as many as 91 employees with saturated sampling techniques. The next analysis model used is Partial Least Square (PLS). The findings of this study reveal that transformational leadership, work competence, and career levels are proven to have a positive and significant influence on job satisfaction and employee performance. Likewise, the relationship of job satisfaction to employee performance is positive and significant. In addition, the implications of this research have been discussed in this study.
本研究旨在探讨领导能力、工作胜任力、职业路径对工作满意度与员工绩效的转化关系,并探讨工作满意度对员工绩效的影响。本研究使用的方法是定量的,侧重于假设检验。而使用的样本是多达91名员工与饱和采样技术。下一个使用的分析模型是偏最小二乘法。本研究发现,变革型领导、工作能力和职业水平对工作满意度和员工绩效有显著的正向影响。同样,工作满意度与员工绩效之间也存在显著的正相关关系。此外,本研究还讨论了本研究的意义。
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引用次数: 1
PROGRAM PEMBERDAYAAN ANGGOTA SEBAGAI MODERASI KINERJA KEUANGAN ( PEARLS) PADA KESEJAHTERAAN ANGGOTA CREDIT UNION DI JAWA TIMUR 东爪哇省信用合作社成员福利项目的成员赋权计划
Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.29062/mahardika.v20i3.410
Nekhasius Agus sunarjanto
This research is on savings and loan cooperatives (Credit Union) with a research sample of credit cooperatives in East Java. The purpose of this research is to find out whether the empowerment program moderates financial performance on members' welfare. The results of the research explain that financial performance affects the member empowerment program by 82.19%. The significance of 0.011 , this shows that the empowerment of credit cooperative members (CU) is influenced by financial performance (PEARLS) and that the empowerment program has a positive effect on the welfare of members by 34% with a significance level of 0.02. This shows that the member empowerment program has a significant effect on the welfare of credit cooperative (CU) members.  
本研究以东爪哇的信用合作社为研究样本,对储蓄和贷款合作社(信用社)进行研究。本研究旨在探讨授权计划是否会调节财务绩效对成员福利的影响。研究结果解释了财务绩效对成员授权计划的影响为82.19%。显著性为0.011,这表明信用合作社成员(CU)的授权受到财务绩效(PEARLS)的影响,授权计划对成员福利的正向影响为34%,显著性水平为0.02。这表明会员赋权计划对信用合作社会员福利有显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
UPAYA MENUMBUHKAN JIWA WIRAUSAHA PETERNAK LELE MELALUI JARINGAN PEMASARAN BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN DAYA JUAL LELE (PETERNAK LELE DI DESA BANGKOK,GURAH, KEDIRI) 通过信息技术营销网络提高鲶鱼销售能力的努力来培养鲶鱼饲养者
Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.29062/mahardika.v20i3.426
Silvia Qoirun Nisa, Dhiyan Septa Wihara
Kelompok Peternak lele “POKDAKAN’ adalah sebuah mitra usaha yang menghadapi suatu  permasalahan yaitu harga jual lele segar/basah di pasaran cenderung rendah dan tidak sebanding dengan biaya yang diperlukan saat budidaya ikan lele mulai dari pembelian bibit lele, pembelian pakan, biaya pemeliharaan dan tenaga kerja. Permasalahan Kelompok Peternak lele “POKDAKAN’ semakin sulit ketika musim panen harga lele mengalami penurunan yaitu dibawah harga standar yang beredar di pasaran sehingga kentungan yang diperoleh sedikit. Tujuan dari kegiatan Mathching Fund ini untuk mengatasi permasalahan mitra yaitu belum adanya motivasi dan semangat berwirausaha untuk memproduksi berbagai olahan lele. Kurangnya kreativitas dan  terbatasnya inovasi untuk mengolah suatu olahan produk dari hasil panen  lele tersebut, belum adanya  relasi pemasaran  produk  dan  pangsa pasar yang tepat serta minimnya pengetahuan tentang manajemen pemasaran usaha lele. Tim Mathching Fund  mengawali progam dengan melakukan sosialisasi pelatihan terhadap mitra yaitu dengan menyiapkan alat dan kebutuhan  bahan  untuk keperluan produksi kemudian diadakan penyuluhan di tempat pertemuan kelompok mitra. Setelah penyuluhan, selanjutnya dilaksanakan praktek langsung membuat olahan lele, pengemasan produk, branding roduk dan manajemen pemasaran. Target luaran produk yang dihasilkan ada 3 jenis produk (nugget lele, stik lele, lele bumbu)
“大麻养殖”是一个商业伙伴,面对的问题是,新鲜/湿鲶鱼在市场上的销售价格往往很低,不值得从鲶鱼的种子购买、饲料购买、维修和劳动力成本开始人工养殖所需要的成本。随着鲶鱼养殖场的价格下降,很难找到比传统价格更低的价格。这种旨在解决合作伙伴问题的数学基金的目的是,还没有开发多种文化作物的动力和创业精神。缺乏创造力和有限的创新来处理乐乐作物的产品加工,没有合适的产品市场关系和市场份额,也没有企业营销管理的知识。Mathching Fund以对合作伙伴的培训社会化开始运作,即为生产提供工具和材料,然后在合作伙伴小组会议上进行培训。辅导结束后,立即实施了生产鲶鱼、包装产品、品牌滚动和营销管理的实践。生产的目标产品有三种(掘金,鲶鱼,鲶鱼,香料鲶鱼)
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引用次数: 0
EVALUASI STRATEGI BERBASIS VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS DALAM MEWUJUDKAN COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.29062/mahardika.v20i3.406
Eunike Patricia, Fidelis Arastyo Andono
to the environment. As happened to UD. XYZ, over the time, sales from UD. XYZ has decreased, and shows a decline in the company's competitive advantage, due to the emergence of new competitors in the brick industry and the decline in people's purchasing power in the property industry because of the Covid-19. This study uses a qualitative approach, interpretivism which will discuss the performance evaluation of the strategy conducted by UD. XYZ through value chain analysis to increase the company's competitive advantage. The value chain analysis used will be adjusted to the value chain framework based on Michael E. Porter theory which consists of primary activities and support activities to assess the company's competitive position in the industry and determine the right strategy whether differentiation strategy or cost leadership strategy to increase competitive advantage. Keywords: competitive advantage, value chain, differentiation, cost leadership   Abstrak - Perkembangan globalisasi yang begitu pesat, mengharuskan perusahaan untuk berkembang dan menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan saat ini. Seperti yang terjadi pada UD. XYZ, seiring dengan berjalannya waktu, penjualan dari UD. XYZ ini mengalami penurunan, begitu pula dengan keunggulan bersaing perusahaan yang juga menurun, akibat munculnya pesaing baru dalam industri bata dan penurunan daya beli masyarakat di industri properti sebagai respon dari pandemi Covid19. Penelitian kali ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif interpretivism yang akan membahas tentang evaluasi kinerja strategi yang ditetapkan oleh UD. XYZ melalui analisis value chain untuk meningkatkan competitive advantage perusahaan. Analisis value chain yang digunakan akan disesuaikan dengan framework value chain berdasarkan teori Michael E. Porter yang terdiri dari primary activities dan support activities untuk menilai posisi persaingan perusahaan di industri, dan menentukan strategi yang tepat, baik strategi diferensiasi maupun strategi keunggulan biaya. Kata Kunci: competitive advantage, value chain, diferensiasi, keunggulan biaya
对环境。就像UD发生的那样。XYZ,随着时间的推移,UD的销售额。由于砖行业出现了新的竞争对手,以及由于Covid-19导致人们在房地产行业的购买力下降,XYZ已经下降,并显示出公司竞争优势的下降。本研究采用定性的方法,解释主义,将讨论绩效评估的战略实施的UD。通过对XYZ价值链的分析来增加公司的竞争优势。所使用的价值链分析将调整为基于迈克尔·波特理论的价值链框架,该框架由主要活动和支持活动组成,以评估公司在行业中的竞争地位,并确定正确的战略,无论是差异化战略还是成本领先战略,以增加竞争优势。【关键词】竞争优势,价值链,差异化,成本领先【关键词】竞争优势,价值链,差异化,成本领先【关键词】竞争优势,价值链,差异化,成本领先】我的朋友,我的朋友。XYZ, seiring dengan berjalannya waktu, penjualan dari UD。XYZ ini mengalami penurunan, begitu普拉dengan keunggulan bersaing perusahaan杨轭menurun, akibat munculnya pesa巴鲁dalam industri巴塔丹penurunan亚都巴厘岛步伐di industri properti sebagai响应达里语pandemi Covid19。Penelitian kali ini menggunakan pendekatan质量解释主义yang akan成员有tenttenevaluation, kinerja strategy yang ditetetakan oleh。XYZ melalui价值链分析与价值链竞争优势分析。价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架价值链分析框架框架价值链分析框架框架价值链分析框架框架价值链分析框架框架价值链分析框架框架价值链分析框架框架价值链分析框架框架价值链分析框架框架价值链分析框架框架价值链分析框架框架价值链分析框架框架框架框架价值链分析框架框架框架框架价值链分析框架框架框架框架框架价值链分析框架框架框架框架框架框架框架价值链分析框架框架框架卡塔昆慈:竞争优势、价值链、差异化、昆昆蓝比亚亚
{"title":"EVALUASI STRATEGI BERBASIS VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS DALAM MEWUJUDKAN COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE","authors":"Eunike Patricia, Fidelis Arastyo Andono","doi":"10.29062/mahardika.v20i3.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29062/mahardika.v20i3.406","url":null,"abstract":"to the environment. As happened to UD. XYZ, over the time, sales from UD. XYZ has decreased, and shows a decline in the company's competitive advantage, due to the emergence of new competitors in the brick industry and the decline in people's purchasing power in the property industry because of the Covid-19. This study uses a qualitative approach, interpretivism which will discuss the performance evaluation of the strategy conducted by UD. XYZ through value chain analysis to increase the company's competitive advantage. The value chain analysis used will be adjusted to the value chain framework based on Michael E. Porter theory which consists of primary activities and support activities to assess the company's competitive position in the industry and determine the right strategy whether differentiation strategy or cost leadership strategy to increase competitive advantage. \u0000Keywords: competitive advantage, value chain, differentiation, cost leadership \u0000  \u0000Abstrak - Perkembangan globalisasi yang begitu pesat, mengharuskan perusahaan untuk berkembang dan menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan saat ini. Seperti yang terjadi pada UD. XYZ, seiring dengan berjalannya waktu, penjualan dari UD. XYZ ini mengalami penurunan, begitu pula dengan keunggulan bersaing perusahaan yang juga menurun, akibat munculnya pesaing baru dalam industri bata dan penurunan daya beli masyarakat di industri properti sebagai respon dari pandemi Covid19. Penelitian kali ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif interpretivism yang akan membahas tentang evaluasi kinerja strategi yang ditetapkan oleh UD. XYZ melalui analisis value chain untuk meningkatkan competitive advantage perusahaan. Analisis value chain yang digunakan akan disesuaikan dengan framework value chain berdasarkan teori Michael E. Porter yang terdiri dari primary activities dan support activities untuk menilai posisi persaingan perusahaan di industri, dan menentukan strategi yang tepat, baik strategi diferensiasi maupun strategi keunggulan biaya. \u0000Kata Kunci: competitive advantage, value chain, diferensiasi, keunggulan biaya","PeriodicalId":32545,"journal":{"name":"Media Mahardhika Media Komunikasi Ekonomi dan Manajemen","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80934381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PENGARUH SPIRITUALITAS KERJA KOMITMEN ORGANISASI TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA SATUAN POLISI PAMONG PRAJA PROVINSI BANTEN 本组织对班腾省市政警察绩效的精神影响
Pub Date : 2022-05-30 DOI: 10.29062/mahardika.v20i3.403
Engga Jalaludin, Janusi Waliamin
This study aims to analyze the effect of work spirituality, organizational commitment and employee performance using a sample of 81 employees of the Civil Service Police Unit of Banten Province who are already civil servants. The research design uses quantitative research methods and the analysis used is SEM-PLS analysis using WarpPLS software. This study found that: Positive and significant influence between work spirituality has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, as well as organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on employee performance.
本研究旨在分析工作灵性、组织承诺与员工绩效的影响,以万丹省公务员警察部队81名已为公务员的员工为样本。本研究设计采用定量研究方法,分析采用的是SEM-PLS分析,使用WarpPLS软件。本研究发现:工作精神对组织承诺有正向显著影响,组织承诺对员工绩效也有正向显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
ANALISIS PERAN UMKM DALAM PEREKONOMIAN JAWA TIMUR 分析UMKM在东爪哇经济中的作用
Pub Date : 2022-01-30 DOI: 10.29062/mahardika.v20i2.398
A. Aminy
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME’s) is a form of economic life of most people who have contributed to the economic growth of East Java with the contribution of East Java's GRDP of 54.98 percent. In the last ten years, MSME experienced a significant growth of 4.2 million in 2006, 6.8 million in 2012, and in 2018 it was 9.78 million businesses. Therefore, in this study an analysis of the value added of cooperatives and MSMEs in East Java in the last 3 (three) years, namely 2016, 2017, and 2018 with the aim to determine the role of cooperatives and MSMEs in the economy of East Java. This type of research is quantitative research with the method used is the analysis of value added based on current prices obtained from the multiplication of the ratio of value added to output while to obtain added value at constant prices using the PDRB Constant method. The results showed that in 2016 the contribution of MSME’s value added to the economy of East Java was 56.43 percent, increasing to 56.63 percent in 2017 and in 2018 also increasing to 56.93 percent.
中小微企业(MSME 's)是大多数人的经济生活形式,对东爪哇的经济增长做出了贡献,东爪哇的GRDP贡献了54.98%。在过去十年中,中小微企业在2006年增长了420万家,2012年增长了680万家,2018年增长了978万家。因此,本研究分析了东爪哇合作社和中小微企业在过去3年(即2016年、2017年和2018年)的增加值,旨在确定合作社和中小微企业在东爪哇经济中的作用。这类研究是定量研究,使用的方法是根据增加价值与产出之比的乘法得到的当前价格来分析增加价值,而使用PDRB常数法获得不变价格下的增加价值。结果表明,2016年中小微企业增加值对东爪哇经济的贡献率为56.43%,2017年提高到56.63%,2018年也提高到56.93%。
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引用次数: 0
PENGARUH SELF AWARENESS, ETOS KERJA, RESILIENSI, TERHADAP ORGANIZATION CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR (OCB) DAN KINERJA TENAGA KEPENDIDIKAN DI PERGURUAN TINGGI SWASTA SURABAYA
Pub Date : 2022-01-30 DOI: 10.29062/mahardika.v20i2.397
Alfin Ramadhan Pratama Putra, Siti Mujanah, Nanis Susanti
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Self Awareness, Work Ethic, Resilience, on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Performance of Education Personnel at private University Surabaya. The sample used in this study was 177 respondents from the employees who were from several private Universities in Surabaya. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires by google form. While the technical analysis of the data used in this study is to use Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this study shows that Self Awareness, Work Ethic, and Resilience significantly affect on Organization Citizenship Behavior Employee Performance.
摘要本研究旨在探讨自我意识、职业道德、弹性对泗水私立大学教育人员组织公民行为及绩效的影响。本研究中使用的样本是来自泗水几所私立大学的177名员工。通过谷歌表格发放问卷收集数据。而本研究中使用的数据的技术分析是使用偏最小二乘法(PLS)。本研究结果显示,自我意识、职业道德和弹性显著影响组织公民行为和员工绩效。
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引用次数: 4
PENGARUH KOMPETENSI DAN PEMAHAMAN TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN APLIKASI SISTEM KEUANGAN DESA (SISKEUDES) DI KABUPATEN NGANJUK 能够和理解管理摄政中的村金融系统(siscurdes)应用程序的影响
Pub Date : 2022-01-30 DOI: 10.29062/mahardika.v20i2.392
D. Rahayu, A. Ambarwati
This study aims to determine the effect of human resources consisting of competence, and understanding on the management of village financial system application in villages in Nganjuk district. The research method used is a quantitative research method with primary data obtained from questionnaire data which is measured with a likertscale.The population in this study were all villages in Nganjuk district as many as 264 villages, with the respondents being the siskuedes operator, Village secretary and village treasure, while the sample uses the slovin formula, resulting 73 samples.The research data was processed using the classical assumption test consisting of the Normality Test, Multicollinerity Test and Multiple Linear Regression Test. The results of this study conclude that 1) Competence has a positive and significant effect on the management of village finsncialsysten applications in Nganjuk district .It is evidenced by the acquisition of the t – count value greater than t – table with a significant less than 0,05. 2).Understanding has a positive and significan impact on the management of village financial system applications in Nganjuk district. It is evidenced by the acquisition of the t – count value greater than t – table with a significant less than 0,05.  3). Competence and understanding  together effect the management of village financial system applications in Nganjuk district. It is proven by the acquisition of the calculated F value that is greater than the F table with a significant less than 0,05
本研究旨在确定人力资源构成的胜任力、理解度对村级金融系统应用管理的影响。本研究采用定量研究方法,主要数据来源于问卷调查数据,并采用李克特量表进行测量。本研究人口为甘竹区全部村庄,共264个村庄,调查对象为三种类型的村工、村书记和村宝,样本采用slovin公式,共73个样本。研究数据采用经典假设检验,包括正态性检验、多重共线性检验和多元线性回归检验。研究结果表明:1)胜任力对村级金融系统应用管理具有显著的正向影响,t - count值大于t - table,且显著小于0.05。2)理解对村级金融系统应用管理具有正向显著影响。这可以通过获取t - count值大于t - table且显著小于0.05来证明。3)胜任力和理解力共同影响着南竹区农村金融系统应用管理。通过获取计算得到的F值,证明其大于F表,且显著小于0.05
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引用次数: 0
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI BONUS DAN DIVIDEND PAYOUT RATIO TERHADAP PRAKTIK PERATAAN LABA 红利补偿和红利薪酬对利润再分配的影响
Pub Date : 2022-01-30 DOI: 10.29062/mahardika.v20i2.395
Maulinda Zulfa Rahmania, Ade Irma Suryani Lating, Selvia Eka Aristantia
This study aims to determine the effect of bonus compensation and dividend payout ratio on income smoothing practices. This research is a quantitative research with an associative approach. The data testing techniques used are partial hypothesis testing (t test), simultaneous hypothesis testing (F test) and multiple linier regression analysis using SPSS software version 25. The number of samples tested in this study were 66 samples consisting of 33 companies with research period of 2 years. The data used in this research are secondary data sourced from IDX official website and official website of related companies. The results showed that partially, bonus compensation had no effect on income smoothing practices, but dividend payout ratio had a significant negative effect. Meanwhile, simultaneously, bonus compensation and dividend payout ratio have a significant effect on income smoothing practices. Based on these results, it is hoped that investor and potential investor will be more thorough in analyzing and identifying the company, and not seeing the company only by the value of dividends or the amount of profit that generated by banking companies which will later be used as investment destinations.
本研究旨在探讨奖金补偿和股利支付比率对收益平滑实践的影响。本研究是一项采用关联方法的定量研究。使用的数据检验技术是部分假设检验(t检验),同时假设检验(F检验)和多元线性回归分析,使用SPSS软件版本25。本研究测试的样本数量为66个样本,包括33家公司,研究周期为2年。本研究使用的数据为二手数据,来源于IDX官网和相关公司官网。结果表明,部分地,奖金补偿对收益平滑实践没有影响,但股息支付率有显著的负向影响。同时,奖金补偿和股利支付比例对收益平滑实践有显著影响。基于这些结果,希望投资者和潜在投资者能够更彻底地分析和识别公司,而不是仅仅通过股息的价值或银行公司产生的利润金额来看待公司,这些利润将被用作投资目的地。
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Media Mahardhika Media Komunikasi Ekonomi dan Manajemen
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