Pub Date : 2001-12-01DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968060
R. Newnham, S. Alkoy, A. Hladky, W. Hughes, D. Markley, R. Meyer, J. Zhang
Flat-panel arrays less than 3 mm thick have been constructed from miniature flextensional transducers (cymbals) and from small hollow sphere transducers (BBs) embedded in polymer matrices. Both are intended for large area, volume restricted applications. Transmit voltage response (TVR) and free field voltage sensitivity (FFVS) measurements are reported on these structures along with some design variants. The basic cymbal transducer is a small class V flextensional transducer consisting of a PZT disk and two shaped metal caps which act as motion amplifiers. Originally designed as actuators and hydrophones, they are now being developed as shallow water sound projectors and receivers. Their low cost and thin profile allow the cymbal transducers to be assembled into large flexible flat-panel arrays. We have modeled and tested a number of modified cymbals and cymbal arrays. Mini-cymbals and maxi-cymbals ranging in diameter from 3 to 30 mm have extended the frequency range to 1-100 kHz. Cymbal arrays incorporating 10 to 100 transducers have given excellent results as underwater projectors and receivers in the 10-40 kHz range. BB hollow sphere arrays work best at higher frequencies near the breathing mode resonance, generally above 100 kHz. Millimeter size hollow spheres are produced using a coaxial nozzle slurry process and by a sacrificial core coating process in sizes ranging from 1-10 mm in diameter and 10-200 /spl mu/m in wall thickness. Two poling configurations have been studied: radial poling with inside and outside electrodes, and tangential poling with top and bottom outside electrodes. The principal modes of vibration are the breathing mode (100-800 kHz) and the wall thickness vibration (10-100 MHz). BBs are now used as miniature hydrophones and are being developed as high frequency biomedical transducers and as multi-element arrays.
{"title":"Underwater flat-panel transducer arrays","authors":"R. Newnham, S. Alkoy, A. Hladky, W. Hughes, D. Markley, R. Meyer, J. Zhang","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968060","url":null,"abstract":"Flat-panel arrays less than 3 mm thick have been constructed from miniature flextensional transducers (cymbals) and from small hollow sphere transducers (BBs) embedded in polymer matrices. Both are intended for large area, volume restricted applications. Transmit voltage response (TVR) and free field voltage sensitivity (FFVS) measurements are reported on these structures along with some design variants. The basic cymbal transducer is a small class V flextensional transducer consisting of a PZT disk and two shaped metal caps which act as motion amplifiers. Originally designed as actuators and hydrophones, they are now being developed as shallow water sound projectors and receivers. Their low cost and thin profile allow the cymbal transducers to be assembled into large flexible flat-panel arrays. We have modeled and tested a number of modified cymbals and cymbal arrays. Mini-cymbals and maxi-cymbals ranging in diameter from 3 to 30 mm have extended the frequency range to 1-100 kHz. Cymbal arrays incorporating 10 to 100 transducers have given excellent results as underwater projectors and receivers in the 10-40 kHz range. BB hollow sphere arrays work best at higher frequencies near the breathing mode resonance, generally above 100 kHz. Millimeter size hollow spheres are produced using a coaxial nozzle slurry process and by a sacrificial core coating process in sizes ranging from 1-10 mm in diameter and 10-200 /spl mu/m in wall thickness. Two poling configurations have been studied: radial poling with inside and outside electrodes, and tangential poling with top and bottom outside electrodes. The principal modes of vibration are the breathing mode (100-800 kHz) and the wall thickness vibration (10-100 MHz). BBs are now used as miniature hydrophones and are being developed as high frequency biomedical transducers and as multi-element arrays.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"260 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134643347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968294
T. O'Reilly, D. Edgington, D. Davis, R. Henthorn, M. McCann, T. Meese, W. Radochonski, M. Risi, B. Roman, R. Schramm
The MBARI Ocean Observing System (MOOS) will consist of networked observation platforms and sensors deployed over a wide geographic area, distributed throughout the oceanic water column. The network will utilize a variety of communication links, including optical fiber, microwave, packet radio, satellite, and acoustic, resulting in diversity of throughput, latency, and intermittence throughout the network. The network membership will be highly dynamic and unpredictable, as links go "up" and "down", and devices are added to and removed from the network. The sensors themselves will include a wide range of off-the-shelf instruments as will as novel devices developed at MBARI and elsewhere; sensor interface protocols will thus be very diverse, as there are currently no widely recognized standards. These aspects of the ocean observing system network present challenging software engineering problems. The authors review available "smart network" software technologies that address these problems, and evaluate their feasibility for their system. Addressing the diversity of sensors and protocols, they describe a device called a sensor puck, that could provide a universal interface between any sensor and the network, and that enables spontaneous configuration and operation when the sensor is plugged into the network.
{"title":"\"Smart network\" infrastructure for the MBARI ocean observing system","authors":"T. O'Reilly, D. Edgington, D. Davis, R. Henthorn, M. McCann, T. Meese, W. Radochonski, M. Risi, B. Roman, R. Schramm","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968294","url":null,"abstract":"The MBARI Ocean Observing System (MOOS) will consist of networked observation platforms and sensors deployed over a wide geographic area, distributed throughout the oceanic water column. The network will utilize a variety of communication links, including optical fiber, microwave, packet radio, satellite, and acoustic, resulting in diversity of throughput, latency, and intermittence throughout the network. The network membership will be highly dynamic and unpredictable, as links go \"up\" and \"down\", and devices are added to and removed from the network. The sensors themselves will include a wide range of off-the-shelf instruments as will as novel devices developed at MBARI and elsewhere; sensor interface protocols will thus be very diverse, as there are currently no widely recognized standards. These aspects of the ocean observing system network present challenging software engineering problems. The authors review available \"smart network\" software technologies that address these problems, and evaluate their feasibility for their system. Addressing the diversity of sensors and protocols, they describe a device called a sensor puck, that could provide a universal interface between any sensor and the network, and that enables spontaneous configuration and operation when the sensor is plugged into the network.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115271894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968327
E. Kammerer, D. Charlot, S. Guillaudeux, P. Michaux
Presents the results of a six-month study for the French Hydrographic Service (SHOM) to investigate the use of multibeam seafloor imagery for aiding existing bathymetry data cleaning techniques. These data cleaning algorithms efficiently eliminate erroneous soundings from deep water (depth >80 m) survey datasets but generate dubious soundings in shallow water. Such soundings are time consuming for an operator to validate or invalidate. In order to improve performance, the authors tested whether additional information could be derived from the correlation between multibeam imagery and bathymetry. The discussed methodology attempts to associate imaged objects (echo/shadow sets) with a list of suspicious soundings output by SHOM algorithms. Two approaches are considered: a ping-to-ping approach and a geographic approach. Object detection algorithms are run on the two different methods. Two datasets are examined: one from a SIMRAD EM1002S and another from an ATLAS FS20. The segmentation tools developed are helpful for analyzing suspicious beams where the imagery presents an anomaly. The four methods implemented may be adapted to the type of data used and to the desired subtlety of the segmentation.
{"title":"Comparative study of shallow water multibeam imagery for cleaning bathymetry sounding errors","authors":"E. Kammerer, D. Charlot, S. Guillaudeux, P. Michaux","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968327","url":null,"abstract":"Presents the results of a six-month study for the French Hydrographic Service (SHOM) to investigate the use of multibeam seafloor imagery for aiding existing bathymetry data cleaning techniques. These data cleaning algorithms efficiently eliminate erroneous soundings from deep water (depth >80 m) survey datasets but generate dubious soundings in shallow water. Such soundings are time consuming for an operator to validate or invalidate. In order to improve performance, the authors tested whether additional information could be derived from the correlation between multibeam imagery and bathymetry. The discussed methodology attempts to associate imaged objects (echo/shadow sets) with a list of suspicious soundings output by SHOM algorithms. Two approaches are considered: a ping-to-ping approach and a geographic approach. Object detection algorithms are run on the two different methods. Two datasets are examined: one from a SIMRAD EM1002S and another from an ATLAS FS20. The segmentation tools developed are helpful for analyzing suspicious beams where the imagery presents an anomaly. The four methods implemented may be adapted to the type of data used and to the desired subtlety of the segmentation.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115706967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968329
S. Guillaudeux
The trend in seafloor imaging towards using multiple sonar sensors with enhanced resolution has resulted in higher volume data sets. As a consequence, users need better, more efficient tools for data processing and interpretation. This paper describes three data processing tools useful for automating and accelerating sonar image formation. All have been validated on real data and all are Triton Elics International application products. The applications support automatic object detection, automatic seafloor classification, and sonar patch tests using backscatter information.
{"title":"Some image tools for sonar image processing","authors":"S. Guillaudeux","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968329","url":null,"abstract":"The trend in seafloor imaging towards using multiple sonar sensors with enhanced resolution has resulted in higher volume data sets. As a consequence, users need better, more efficient tools for data processing and interpretation. This paper describes three data processing tools useful for automating and accelerating sonar image formation. All have been validated on real data and all are Triton Elics International application products. The applications support automatic object detection, automatic seafloor classification, and sonar patch tests using backscatter information.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115709634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968157
K. Ouchi, T. Yamatogi, K. Fukumiya, S. Ogiwara
The project to create a fishing ground in the open ocean by raising deep ocean water (DOW) and discharging it in the euphotic layer as a density current where photosynthesis can be done by DOW rich nutrient salt has been carried out since April 2000, sponsored by Japanese Government Fisheries Agency and Marino-Forum 21. The name of this machine is the caged Ocean Nutrient Enhancer (ONE for short). The outline concept of ONE is: raising DOW of 500 m depth and 500,000 m/sup 3//day with a special impeller, which also sucks the surface water in order to make a mixed water of proper density. Discharging the nutrient-rich mixed water continuously and making a density current in the euphotic region. Increasing the phytoplankton (primary production) in the layer of the density current increasing fishes in the above sea area. Power for driving the impeller is supplied by OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversion) using the cold characteristics of DOW. To confirm the characteristics of the density current in Sagami Bay where the real sea experiment is scheduled, a scale model experiment of 1/200 in a continuously stratified salty water tank was carried out. The suitable discharge velocity to maintain the rich nutrient in the density current layer was researched in the way of 2 and 3 dimensional flow experiments. In conclusion, the thickness of the layer of density current in Sagami Bay in the summer season was estimated to be about 12 m, and the thinning ratio of DOW in the case of using a 3 dimensional ring nozzle is from 3 to 4 times. These results are very valuable for designing the ONE that is scheduled to be set up in Sagami Bay in the year 2003.
{"title":"Scale model experiment on density current in Sagami Bay","authors":"K. Ouchi, T. Yamatogi, K. Fukumiya, S. Ogiwara","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968157","url":null,"abstract":"The project to create a fishing ground in the open ocean by raising deep ocean water (DOW) and discharging it in the euphotic layer as a density current where photosynthesis can be done by DOW rich nutrient salt has been carried out since April 2000, sponsored by Japanese Government Fisheries Agency and Marino-Forum 21. The name of this machine is the caged Ocean Nutrient Enhancer (ONE for short). The outline concept of ONE is: raising DOW of 500 m depth and 500,000 m/sup 3//day with a special impeller, which also sucks the surface water in order to make a mixed water of proper density. Discharging the nutrient-rich mixed water continuously and making a density current in the euphotic region. Increasing the phytoplankton (primary production) in the layer of the density current increasing fishes in the above sea area. Power for driving the impeller is supplied by OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversion) using the cold characteristics of DOW. To confirm the characteristics of the density current in Sagami Bay where the real sea experiment is scheduled, a scale model experiment of 1/200 in a continuously stratified salty water tank was carried out. The suitable discharge velocity to maintain the rich nutrient in the density current layer was researched in the way of 2 and 3 dimensional flow experiments. In conclusion, the thickness of the layer of density current in Sagami Bay in the summer season was estimated to be about 12 m, and the thinning ratio of DOW in the case of using a 3 dimensional ring nozzle is from 3 to 4 times. These results are very valuable for designing the ONE that is scheduled to be set up in Sagami Bay in the year 2003.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114654426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968303
L. Brower, E. Tamaye, B. Ishii, B. Kim, E. Noda, D. Divoky
HICUP/sup TM/ is a modular program developed for the Windows 95/98 operating system, that enables the user to predict, in real-time, the hurricane generated waves and coastal inundation at site-specific locations in Hawaii due to an approaching hurricane. Its suite of program modules permits user input of the hurricane parameters, user selection of the specific coastal area of interest, computation of hurricane wind/wave fields, numerical modeling of wave transformation and wave setup on a 2-dimensional numerical grid of the nearshore and shoreline area selected, and the prediction of the spatial extent of coastal inundation plotted over a USGS map of the selected coastal reach. HICUP/sup TM/ is a first-of-its-kind program in several respects. First, it is the only software application available that will enable real-time predictions of Hawaiian island coastal inundation due to an approaching hurricane. Second, the 2-dimensional formulation for modeling wave-induced setup is the first of its kind. Third, it is the only software application of its kind to be developed specifically for use by non-engineers. The software package was initially calibrated and verified for a case study site on the south shore of Kauai, where significant data were available documenting hurricane inundation and wave runup limits. Coverage has expanded to two more sites, one on the south-west shore of Oahu and the other on the south side of Maui. Future development work on HICUP/sup TM/ will expand its application to other site-specific coastal areas.
{"title":"HICUP/sup TM/ Hurricane Induced Coastal Inundation Program","authors":"L. Brower, E. Tamaye, B. Ishii, B. Kim, E. Noda, D. Divoky","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968303","url":null,"abstract":"HICUP/sup TM/ is a modular program developed for the Windows 95/98 operating system, that enables the user to predict, in real-time, the hurricane generated waves and coastal inundation at site-specific locations in Hawaii due to an approaching hurricane. Its suite of program modules permits user input of the hurricane parameters, user selection of the specific coastal area of interest, computation of hurricane wind/wave fields, numerical modeling of wave transformation and wave setup on a 2-dimensional numerical grid of the nearshore and shoreline area selected, and the prediction of the spatial extent of coastal inundation plotted over a USGS map of the selected coastal reach. HICUP/sup TM/ is a first-of-its-kind program in several respects. First, it is the only software application available that will enable real-time predictions of Hawaiian island coastal inundation due to an approaching hurricane. Second, the 2-dimensional formulation for modeling wave-induced setup is the first of its kind. Third, it is the only software application of its kind to be developed specifically for use by non-engineers. The software package was initially calibrated and verified for a case study site on the south shore of Kauai, where significant data were available documenting hurricane inundation and wave runup limits. Coverage has expanded to two more sites, one on the south-west shore of Oahu and the other on the south side of Maui. Future development work on HICUP/sup TM/ will expand its application to other site-specific coastal areas.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114644559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968801
L. Lian, D. Sun, T. Ge
This paper presents the design of a manned vehicle for subsea pipeline/cable inspection and maintenance. This vehicle can not only cruise at water surface, but also submerge to sea floor and carry out inspection/maintenance.
{"title":"The design of a manned vehicle for subsea pipeline/cable inspection and maintenance","authors":"L. Lian, D. Sun, T. Ge","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968801","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design of a manned vehicle for subsea pipeline/cable inspection and maintenance. This vehicle can not only cruise at water surface, but also submerge to sea floor and carry out inspection/maintenance.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116673051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968383
M. Grosenbaugh, C. Teng
Experimental data of the motion and tension of a shallow-water oceanographic mooring is analyzed and compared with results from numerical simulations and analytical modeling. The mooring was an all-chain catenary mooring deployed in 17-m water depth near Duck, NC. Data were collected continuously over a 35-day period. Simulations were performed using Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Cable, an all-purpose computer model for simulating moored and towed cable systems. Using the measured buoy motion as input to the simulations, the author was able to calculate mooring tension that matched the measured values over a wide range of environmental conditions. Simple analytical models gave results that were as accurate and with much less computational effort. The overall conclusion of this study is that one can accurately simulate the dynamics of the mooring fines of these types of moorings given the motion of the buoy.
{"title":"Dynamic analysis of NDBC shallow-water test mooring","authors":"M. Grosenbaugh, C. Teng","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968383","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental data of the motion and tension of a shallow-water oceanographic mooring is analyzed and compared with results from numerical simulations and analytical modeling. The mooring was an all-chain catenary mooring deployed in 17-m water depth near Duck, NC. Data were collected continuously over a 35-day period. Simulations were performed using Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Cable, an all-purpose computer model for simulating moored and towed cable systems. Using the measured buoy motion as input to the simulations, the author was able to calculate mooring tension that matched the measured values over a wide range of environmental conditions. Simple analytical models gave results that were as accurate and with much less computational effort. The overall conclusion of this study is that one can accurately simulate the dynamics of the mooring fines of these types of moorings given the motion of the buoy.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117122138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968220
M. B. Porter, P. Hursky, C. Tiemann, M. Stevenson
Over the last 30 years, model-based approaches to array signal processing have evolved considerably to the point where initial skepticism has been replaced by casual acceptance. Still challenges remain. In this work the authors are progressing to a fully autonomous implementation in which all of the processing is done within the array. Target tracks are then passed to the surface using acoustic links. This requirement is a big challenge in that the algorithms must be fast to operate in real-time on modest embedded computers. They also must be robust enough to function without human invention. They describe one approach and its performance in an experimental sea test with a prototype autonomous array.
{"title":"Model-based tracking for autonomous arrays","authors":"M. B. Porter, P. Hursky, C. Tiemann, M. Stevenson","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968220","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last 30 years, model-based approaches to array signal processing have evolved considerably to the point where initial skepticism has been replaced by casual acceptance. Still challenges remain. In this work the authors are progressing to a fully autonomous implementation in which all of the processing is done within the array. Target tracks are then passed to the surface using acoustic links. This requirement is a big challenge in that the algorithms must be fast to operate in real-time on modest embedded computers. They also must be robust enough to function without human invention. They describe one approach and its performance in an experimental sea test with a prototype autonomous array.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121082096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968090
G. Edelson, D. Tufts
Insights, simplified formulas, and figures are provided to aid in the design of passive hydrophone array systems. The conventional passive towed array (CTA), the fixed-position array (FPA), and the spatially-referenced towed array (SPARTA) are all considered. The CTA is of considerable interest because of its use for synthetic aperture processing. The SPARTA, an alternative array design that has previously been shown to improve upon CTA performance, consists of two subarrays which have different velocities. The investigation is made through the generation of several simplified Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) expressions and through a geometric approach based on concentration ellipses that reveals important features about the joint estimation of bearing and frequency.
{"title":"On the performance of conventional and unconventional towed arrays","authors":"G. Edelson, D. Tufts","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968090","url":null,"abstract":"Insights, simplified formulas, and figures are provided to aid in the design of passive hydrophone array systems. The conventional passive towed array (CTA), the fixed-position array (FPA), and the spatially-referenced towed array (SPARTA) are all considered. The CTA is of considerable interest because of its use for synthetic aperture processing. The SPARTA, an alternative array design that has previously been shown to improve upon CTA performance, consists of two subarrays which have different velocities. The investigation is made through the generation of several simplified Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) expressions and through a geometric approach based on concentration ellipses that reveals important features about the joint estimation of bearing and frequency.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124725752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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