Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968789
O. T. Odegaard, B. Sortland, I. Ellingsen, D. Slagstad, G. Johnsen, E. Sakshaug
This paper describes the background, idea, objectives and preliminary outcome of a programme aimed at coordinating the efforts of established research institutions working within marine engineering, marine mathematical modelling and marine biological science at NTNU in Trondheim, Norway. The programme, MODTEQ (MOdel based Development and Testing of advanced marine EQuipment), aspires to establish permanent axes for productive marine collaboration by forming channels that facilitate cross-disciplinary exchange of marine scientific knowledge, expertise and research facilities. An interdisciplinary research team that works at the interface between marine science and technology should emerge, focusing on marine model-based development and testing of advanced scientific and industrial equipment. Their approach to form such a team is presented, and its potential is substantiated. Accomplishments and the efforts required to make them are evaluated next. Identified methodologies are presented. Coordinated development of technical field research equipment and constellations of such equipment is described, along with results from sea trials in the Trondheim Fjord and Antarctica.
{"title":"An interdisciplinary marine research programme. How to promote generative interaction between marine scientists, modellers and engineers","authors":"O. T. Odegaard, B. Sortland, I. Ellingsen, D. Slagstad, G. Johnsen, E. Sakshaug","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968789","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the background, idea, objectives and preliminary outcome of a programme aimed at coordinating the efforts of established research institutions working within marine engineering, marine mathematical modelling and marine biological science at NTNU in Trondheim, Norway. The programme, MODTEQ (MOdel based Development and Testing of advanced marine EQuipment), aspires to establish permanent axes for productive marine collaboration by forming channels that facilitate cross-disciplinary exchange of marine scientific knowledge, expertise and research facilities. An interdisciplinary research team that works at the interface between marine science and technology should emerge, focusing on marine model-based development and testing of advanced scientific and industrial equipment. Their approach to form such a team is presented, and its potential is substantiated. Accomplishments and the efforts required to make them are evaluated next. Identified methodologies are presented. Coordinated development of technical field research equipment and constellations of such equipment is described, along with results from sea trials in the Trondheim Fjord and Antarctica.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122433851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968733
H. L. Clark
Ocean science encompasses young and rapidly evolving disciplines. The approaches needed to observe and experiment with the physical, chemical, biological and geological processes in our world's oceans have changed considerably over the past two decades. There is increasing emphasis on research involving long-term experiments and sustained time-series observations. This trend requires substantially different infrastructure to continue into the 21st century the rapid rate of scientific progress that began in the early 1960's. Several pilot projects have successfully installed seafloor observatories using newly developed junction boxes and fiberoptic cable protocols. Technology development efforts have also advanced moored and relocatable buoys, instrumentation, sensors, and communication capabilities. In response to increasing demands by researchers for sustained observations and capitalizing on recent advances in technology, an initiative has been developed for providing the basic infrastructure necessary for implementing an integrated system of ocean observatories. The proposed system has three elements: (1) a lithospheric plate-scale observatory consisting of interconnected sites on the seafloor that span several geological and oceanographic features and processes, (2) several relocatable deep-sea observatories based around a system of buoys, and (3) an expanded network of coastal observatories.
{"title":"New seafloor observatory networks in support of ocean science research","authors":"H. L. Clark","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968733","url":null,"abstract":"Ocean science encompasses young and rapidly evolving disciplines. The approaches needed to observe and experiment with the physical, chemical, biological and geological processes in our world's oceans have changed considerably over the past two decades. There is increasing emphasis on research involving long-term experiments and sustained time-series observations. This trend requires substantially different infrastructure to continue into the 21st century the rapid rate of scientific progress that began in the early 1960's. Several pilot projects have successfully installed seafloor observatories using newly developed junction boxes and fiberoptic cable protocols. Technology development efforts have also advanced moored and relocatable buoys, instrumentation, sensors, and communication capabilities. In response to increasing demands by researchers for sustained observations and capitalizing on recent advances in technology, an initiative has been developed for providing the basic infrastructure necessary for implementing an integrated system of ocean observatories. The proposed system has three elements: (1) a lithospheric plate-scale observatory consisting of interconnected sites on the seafloor that span several geological and oceanographic features and processes, (2) several relocatable deep-sea observatories based around a system of buoys, and (3) an expanded network of coastal observatories.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122612028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968148
G. Andermann, S. Bailey, N. Pandya, P. Gu, G. Kawamoto
In connection with their air pollution studies, experiments have been carried out to ascertain the room temperature adsorption of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor, acetaldehyde, and sulfur dioxide on marine ferro-manganese crusts, and on certain synthetically produced Mn bearing substances. Results have been compared with adsorption data on mesoporous zeolites. Limited desorption data were obtained on most of these materials. In addition, kinetics data of adsorption and desorption were also obtained on select ferro-manganese materials. The room temperature adsorption data on a select ferro-manganese material reached equilibrium-specific: adsorptivity values above 0.4 grams/gram of adsorbent at 600 torr of pressure of gas for sulfur dioxide and acetaldehyde. All of the other gases tested show much lower values. The equilibrium values at 50 torr pressure were about 0.25 for sulfur dioxide and about 0.05 for acetaldehyde. The adsorption kinetic studies conducted at room temperature on the select ferro-manganese material indicated that sulfur dioxide was adsorbed the fastest, followed by carbon dioxide, acetaldehyde, and water vapor, with sulfur dioxide reaching 99.9% adsorption in 4 minutes and water vapor in 12 minutes. Thermal desorption studies conducted on the select ferro-manganese material indicated for water four unresolved bands, going from about 50 to 230/spl deg/C, for acetaldehyde two broad but resolved bands one at about 90 and the other at about 140/spl deg/C. The significance of the findings of adsorption at low pressures indicated a more favorable situation for ferro-manganese crust materials in air pollution control of sulfur dioxide in certain vehicular emissions.
{"title":"The gaseous adsorption and desorption characteristics of ferro-manganese crust materials and of synthetic Mn bearing substances and mesoporous zeolites","authors":"G. Andermann, S. Bailey, N. Pandya, P. Gu, G. Kawamoto","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968148","url":null,"abstract":"In connection with their air pollution studies, experiments have been carried out to ascertain the room temperature adsorption of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water vapor, acetaldehyde, and sulfur dioxide on marine ferro-manganese crusts, and on certain synthetically produced Mn bearing substances. Results have been compared with adsorption data on mesoporous zeolites. Limited desorption data were obtained on most of these materials. In addition, kinetics data of adsorption and desorption were also obtained on select ferro-manganese materials. The room temperature adsorption data on a select ferro-manganese material reached equilibrium-specific: adsorptivity values above 0.4 grams/gram of adsorbent at 600 torr of pressure of gas for sulfur dioxide and acetaldehyde. All of the other gases tested show much lower values. The equilibrium values at 50 torr pressure were about 0.25 for sulfur dioxide and about 0.05 for acetaldehyde. The adsorption kinetic studies conducted at room temperature on the select ferro-manganese material indicated that sulfur dioxide was adsorbed the fastest, followed by carbon dioxide, acetaldehyde, and water vapor, with sulfur dioxide reaching 99.9% adsorption in 4 minutes and water vapor in 12 minutes. Thermal desorption studies conducted on the select ferro-manganese material indicated for water four unresolved bands, going from about 50 to 230/spl deg/C, for acetaldehyde two broad but resolved bands one at about 90 and the other at about 140/spl deg/C. The significance of the findings of adsorption at low pressures indicated a more favorable situation for ferro-manganese crust materials in air pollution control of sulfur dioxide in certain vehicular emissions.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127644571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968284
S. Ebrite, B. Pope, W. Lillycrop
In late boreal summer 2000 and into early spring 2001 an ambitious multi-agency plan was put in motion to survey ten Pacific islands ranging from the Hawaiian Island group to Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Encompassing a span of nearly 4000 miles, approximately 1100 square miles of shallow coastal ocean was mapped from 50 m deep to 50 m above the high water mark. The foundation for this project was an existing partnership between the US Navy and the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) that operates the Scanning Hydrographic Operational Airborne Lidar Survey (SHOALS) system through the Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX). As the only operational lidar bathymetry system in the USA, and one of only four in the world, SHOALS' availability to rapidly and safely survey shallow water areas is at a premium. By including the requirements of the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS), along with those of the Navy and USACE, it became possible for all agencies to benefit from a Navy-sponsored deployment of this highly specialized, but flexible technology. Expanding the project allowed each agency to contribute in its own specific area of expertise. This paper presents the data collected in Hawaii and demonstrates how multi-agency relationships can be optimized through a flexible technology, such as airborne lidar, to concurrently satisfy a wide variety of requirements. These include tactical charting, safety of navigation, coral reef mapping, environmental assessment, shoreline dynamics and coastal engineering.
{"title":"A multi-agency solution for coastal surveys - SHOALS in the Pacific","authors":"S. Ebrite, B. Pope, W. Lillycrop","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968284","url":null,"abstract":"In late boreal summer 2000 and into early spring 2001 an ambitious multi-agency plan was put in motion to survey ten Pacific islands ranging from the Hawaiian Island group to Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). Encompassing a span of nearly 4000 miles, approximately 1100 square miles of shallow coastal ocean was mapped from 50 m deep to 50 m above the high water mark. The foundation for this project was an existing partnership between the US Navy and the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) that operates the Scanning Hydrographic Operational Airborne Lidar Survey (SHOALS) system through the Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise (JALBTCX). As the only operational lidar bathymetry system in the USA, and one of only four in the world, SHOALS' availability to rapidly and safely survey shallow water areas is at a premium. By including the requirements of the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS), along with those of the Navy and USACE, it became possible for all agencies to benefit from a Navy-sponsored deployment of this highly specialized, but flexible technology. Expanding the project allowed each agency to contribute in its own specific area of expertise. This paper presents the data collected in Hawaii and demonstrates how multi-agency relationships can be optimized through a flexible technology, such as airborne lidar, to concurrently satisfy a wide variety of requirements. These include tactical charting, safety of navigation, coral reef mapping, environmental assessment, shoreline dynamics and coastal engineering.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127832143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968215
O.A. Rogozovskyi, L. Stankoviae, I. Djuroviae
Application of time-frequency based techniques on the analysis of frequency-coded signals is considered. Their performance are compared on the frequency-coded signals with optimal Costas (1984) sequence. For signals with constant frequencies, within one coding interval (CW signals), satisfactory results can be achieved by using the spectrogram with appropriate lag window. For time-varying (including linear frequency modulated) elementary signals the spectrogram exhibits poor time-frequency resolution and estimation accuracy. The estimation accuracy and time-frequency concentration improvement for this kind of signals can be achieved by using the cross-terms reduced version of the Wigner distribution, the S-method. In the case of linear frequency modulated elementary signals very accurate results can be obtained by using adaptive fractional Fourier transform, introduced in this paper. It is based on the concentration measure of the time-frequency representations. In order to improve the estimation accuracy in a high noise environment a post median filtering is applied to the resulting, estimate.
{"title":"Time-frequency analysis of frequency-coded signals","authors":"O.A. Rogozovskyi, L. Stankoviae, I. Djuroviae","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968215","url":null,"abstract":"Application of time-frequency based techniques on the analysis of frequency-coded signals is considered. Their performance are compared on the frequency-coded signals with optimal Costas (1984) sequence. For signals with constant frequencies, within one coding interval (CW signals), satisfactory results can be achieved by using the spectrogram with appropriate lag window. For time-varying (including linear frequency modulated) elementary signals the spectrogram exhibits poor time-frequency resolution and estimation accuracy. The estimation accuracy and time-frequency concentration improvement for this kind of signals can be achieved by using the cross-terms reduced version of the Wigner distribution, the S-method. In the case of linear frequency modulated elementary signals very accurate results can be obtained by using adaptive fractional Fourier transform, introduced in this paper. It is based on the concentration measure of the time-frequency representations. In order to improve the estimation accuracy in a high noise environment a post median filtering is applied to the resulting, estimate.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133298391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968208
J. Preston
From 1996 through 2000 the author participated with the SACLANT Undersea Research Centre in four Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) trials, including experiments for bottom reverberation. SUS charges were used as sources. The receivers were horizontal arrays (four apertures) spanning a wide frequency range. Sets of nearly monostatic recordings were analyzed in frequency bands from 80 to 4000 Hz. Previous results by the author, [Berlin ASA meeting, 1999] showed polar plots of the beam time series superimposed on bathymetric charts, revealing a number of scattering features not on the charts and that directional reverberation measurements are a useful remote-sensing tool. A manual procedure was used in the first 3 sea trials to obtain bottom parameter estimates that could reproduce the reverberation decay for at-sea results. Recently this inversion scheme has been automated using a constrained simulated annealing (SA) algorithm giving more formal inversion results. In May of 2000 a Scientific REA experiment was conducted with SACLANTCEN, ARL/PSU, DREA and NRL near the Malta Plateau. Reverberation data from 100 Hz-4000 Hz was obtained using SUS. The horizontal array data are compared with the Generic Sonar Model (GSM) predictions for both the manual and automated inverse schemes. Results show a definite improvement using the automated technique.
{"title":"Bottom parameter extraction from long range reverberation measurements","authors":"J. Preston","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968208","url":null,"abstract":"From 1996 through 2000 the author participated with the SACLANT Undersea Research Centre in four Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) trials, including experiments for bottom reverberation. SUS charges were used as sources. The receivers were horizontal arrays (four apertures) spanning a wide frequency range. Sets of nearly monostatic recordings were analyzed in frequency bands from 80 to 4000 Hz. Previous results by the author, [Berlin ASA meeting, 1999] showed polar plots of the beam time series superimposed on bathymetric charts, revealing a number of scattering features not on the charts and that directional reverberation measurements are a useful remote-sensing tool. A manual procedure was used in the first 3 sea trials to obtain bottom parameter estimates that could reproduce the reverberation decay for at-sea results. Recently this inversion scheme has been automated using a constrained simulated annealing (SA) algorithm giving more formal inversion results. In May of 2000 a Scientific REA experiment was conducted with SACLANTCEN, ARL/PSU, DREA and NRL near the Malta Plateau. Reverberation data from 100 Hz-4000 Hz was obtained using SUS. The horizontal array data are compared with the Generic Sonar Model (GSM) predictions for both the manual and automated inverse schemes. Results show a definite improvement using the automated technique.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133622750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968248
A. Bocconcelli, J. Murray, C. Powell
A real-time data telemetry link using existing single side band (SSB) communication technology and recently developed computer software connects the existing computerized data collecting system (Fast-track) on the research vessel Cape Fear to a shore-based web page. This communication system allows for an automatic, continuous update of scientific databases for marine research projects without the intervention of scientists or staff. The realtime telemetry link makes it possible to follow dynamic events from a remote site and to modify the data collection protocol to closely follow event developments. Such a remote-operated monitoring system promises better results, considerable savings in ship time and money, and it can be used as an educational tool.
{"title":"A low cost real-time link for a coastal research vessel","authors":"A. Bocconcelli, J. Murray, C. Powell","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968248","url":null,"abstract":"A real-time data telemetry link using existing single side band (SSB) communication technology and recently developed computer software connects the existing computerized data collecting system (Fast-track) on the research vessel Cape Fear to a shore-based web page. This communication system allows for an automatic, continuous update of scientific databases for marine research projects without the intervention of scientists or staff. The realtime telemetry link makes it possible to follow dynamic events from a remote site and to modify the data collection protocol to closely follow event developments. Such a remote-operated monitoring system promises better results, considerable savings in ship time and money, and it can be used as an educational tool.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131935580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968242
J. Vesecky, J. Drake, M. Plume, C. Teague, L. Meadows, Y. Fernandez, K. Davidson, J. Paduan
The authors present three aspects of current HF radar research. First, they examine the consistency of measurements by HF ground wave radars with different designs, but operating on the same physical principles. This is done using data from the commercially available SeaSonde (Codar Ocean Systems) and from the Multifrequency Coastal Radar (MCR), which is a research system. Data from the two systems are compared for co-located units at Santa Cruz and Moss Landing CA on Monterey Bay. They conclude that the two systems make current-vector-field measurements that are consistent to an accuracy of better than 10 cm/s and that the data from two such systems can be integrated to form reliable composite current maps. Second, they present results from an air-sea interaction investigation using the MCR systems on Monterey Bay during 1997 and 2000. We show that near surface currents are correlated with the wind with correlation coefficients 0.6 and are rotated 35 to 45/spl deg/ with respect to the wind in the sense of the Ekman spiral. They also show results of near shore observations on Lake Michigan during the EEGLE campaign of 2000. These measurements show the capability of HF radars to operate over fresh water.
{"title":"Multifrequency HF radar observations of surface currents: measurements from different systems and environments","authors":"J. Vesecky, J. Drake, M. Plume, C. Teague, L. Meadows, Y. Fernandez, K. Davidson, J. Paduan","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968242","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present three aspects of current HF radar research. First, they examine the consistency of measurements by HF ground wave radars with different designs, but operating on the same physical principles. This is done using data from the commercially available SeaSonde (Codar Ocean Systems) and from the Multifrequency Coastal Radar (MCR), which is a research system. Data from the two systems are compared for co-located units at Santa Cruz and Moss Landing CA on Monterey Bay. They conclude that the two systems make current-vector-field measurements that are consistent to an accuracy of better than 10 cm/s and that the data from two such systems can be integrated to form reliable composite current maps. Second, they present results from an air-sea interaction investigation using the MCR systems on Monterey Bay during 1997 and 2000. We show that near surface currents are correlated with the wind with correlation coefficients 0.6 and are rotated 35 to 45/spl deg/ with respect to the wind in the sense of the Ekman spiral. They also show results of near shore observations on Lake Michigan during the EEGLE campaign of 2000. These measurements show the capability of HF radars to operate over fresh water.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134480055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968390
M. Brown, M. Kelley, P. McGill
The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) is a non-profit privately funded research institute devoted to the development of technology that supports ocean sciences. The MBARI Vertical Profiler (MVP) is an attempt to combine the high-resolution data of a profiler with the long-term capability of a mooring. Typical mooring instrumentation is usually located at discrete depths and subject to fouling. This can generate time-series data sets that are incomplete due to a limited number of sensors or erroneous data from fouled sensors. The number of sensors on a mooring can be increased but this increases the cost and the risk of a mooring failure. Shipboard "over-the-side" profilers (e.g. CTD), are capable of collecting a complete profile of high resolution data but the cost of staying on station for time-series measurements is prohibitive. The MVP system uses a variable buoyancy mechanism to transect the mooring line at designated time intervals. The MVP can also be parked at a depth below the euphotic zone between profiles and reduce the amount of fouling to the sensors. During 1999 and 2000, the prototype MVP was designed, manufactured, and tested at MBARI. The test configuration included the cage and flotation cones. This assembly was tested in seawater and observed to reach 90% of its expected terminal velocity. The initial sea trial testing provided critical data for the development and design of the Buoyancy Engine. The Buoyancy Engine propels the profiler through the water column by extending or retracting a piston. This piston movement changes the volume of the package and therefore the buoyancy of the profiler. The prototype was also designed for diver installation and recovery from a mooring. The MVP prototype was first tested from a ship in a series of over-the-side tests where it performed successfully to its designed depth (200 m). Next, it was deployed on a test mooring (60 m depth) for a period of 2 weeks. During these initial tests, a self-contained profiling CTD along with a miniature fluorometer were used for evaluation of the profiler performance.
{"title":"MBARI Vertical Profiler","authors":"M. Brown, M. Kelley, P. McGill","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968390","url":null,"abstract":"The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) is a non-profit privately funded research institute devoted to the development of technology that supports ocean sciences. The MBARI Vertical Profiler (MVP) is an attempt to combine the high-resolution data of a profiler with the long-term capability of a mooring. Typical mooring instrumentation is usually located at discrete depths and subject to fouling. This can generate time-series data sets that are incomplete due to a limited number of sensors or erroneous data from fouled sensors. The number of sensors on a mooring can be increased but this increases the cost and the risk of a mooring failure. Shipboard \"over-the-side\" profilers (e.g. CTD), are capable of collecting a complete profile of high resolution data but the cost of staying on station for time-series measurements is prohibitive. The MVP system uses a variable buoyancy mechanism to transect the mooring line at designated time intervals. The MVP can also be parked at a depth below the euphotic zone between profiles and reduce the amount of fouling to the sensors. During 1999 and 2000, the prototype MVP was designed, manufactured, and tested at MBARI. The test configuration included the cage and flotation cones. This assembly was tested in seawater and observed to reach 90% of its expected terminal velocity. The initial sea trial testing provided critical data for the development and design of the Buoyancy Engine. The Buoyancy Engine propels the profiler through the water column by extending or retracting a piston. This piston movement changes the volume of the package and therefore the buoyancy of the profiler. The prototype was also designed for diver installation and recovery from a mooring. The MVP prototype was first tested from a ship in a series of over-the-side tests where it performed successfully to its designed depth (200 m). Next, it was deployed on a test mooring (60 m depth) for a period of 2 weeks. During these initial tests, a self-contained profiling CTD along with a miniature fluorometer were used for evaluation of the profiler performance.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133144733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968338
F. Blackmon, E. Sozer, M. Murandian, J. Proakis, M. Salehi
The use of an adaptive decision feedback equalizer (DFE) in the demodulation of high speed data transmitted through underwater acoustic channels has been well established. In many channels, however, the performance obtained with the conventional DFE and decoder is not adequate for particular applications. This paper considers four different iterative equalization/decoder techniques for improving the performance of the receiver. One technique uses the hard decisions from the decoder output to feed back to the DFE for making additional passes through the data. The second technique uses the soft outputs from the decoder output to feed back to the DFE. The third technique, termed an integral iterative equalization scheme, is designed to mitigate and correct the errors being fed back to the DFE in a block fashion within the data packet. Finally, the fourth technique, called a turbo equalizer, is an iterative scheme which employs a MAP equalizer and a MAP decoder. These iterative/integral equalization/decoding techniques are applied to convolutionally encoded BPSK and QPSK data received during several field tests. The performance of the iterative equalizer/decoder algorithms is compared on the basis of bit error rate and packet statistics.
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