Pub Date : 1988-06-07DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1988.671200
K. Futsuhara, M. Mukaidono
This paper describes a realization of fail-safe sensor by using electromagnetic induction. The transducer coils are stationed on a plate for magnifying the sensitivity. The optimum construction for train detection is determined based on measurement patterns. This sensor has two complimentary outputs for the fail-safe processing.
{"title":"A Realization Of Fail-Safe Sensor Using Electromagnetic Induction","authors":"K. Futsuhara, M. Mukaidono","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1988.671200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1988.671200","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a realization of fail-safe sensor by using electromagnetic induction. The transducer coils are stationed on a plate for magnifying the sensitivity. The optimum construction for train detection is determined based on measurement patterns. This sensor has two complimentary outputs for the fail-safe processing.","PeriodicalId":326579,"journal":{"name":"1988 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132280972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-06-07DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1988.671209
Xiao Cuiying
Standard time and frequency signal dissemination systrms using communication satellite links developed at the National Institute of Metrology(N1M) are described. In our country the standard time and frequency signal dissemination techniques via satellite have been developed since 1979. We have done some researches on standard time and frequency signal dissemination via satellites surh as SYMPHONIE , IS-V, and chinese experimental communication satellite STM-1. Based on the results of these researches, The domestic standard time and frequency signal dissemination system U S P S the chinese experimentat communication satellite STM-1 and broadcasting communication satellite in addition to the ordinary links of ground TV and Loran-C. The systems for international time and frequency transfers depend on the spacr techniques of the The experiments were used one-way and two-way techniques. using spread-spertrum techniques thr precision of less than Ins (0.15111) and an acrurary of Ions (3m) have been obtained. GI'S, loran-C and other system.
{"title":"Research Activities on Standard Time and Frequency Signal Dissemination Using Communication Satellite Links","authors":"Xiao Cuiying","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1988.671209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1988.671209","url":null,"abstract":"Standard time and frequency signal dissemination systrms using communication satellite links developed at the National Institute of Metrology(N1M) are described. In our country the standard time and frequency signal dissemination techniques via satellite have been developed since 1979. We have done some researches on standard time and frequency signal dissemination via satellites surh as SYMPHONIE , IS-V, and chinese experimental communication satellite STM-1. Based on the results of these researches, The domestic standard time and frequency signal dissemination system U S P S the chinese experimentat communication satellite STM-1 and broadcasting communication satellite in addition to the ordinary links of ground TV and Loran-C. The systems for international time and frequency transfers depend on the spacr techniques of the The experiments were used one-way and two-way techniques. using spread-spertrum techniques thr precision of less than Ins (0.15111) and an acrurary of Ions (3m) have been obtained. GI'S, loran-C and other system.","PeriodicalId":326579,"journal":{"name":"1988 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134342031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-06-07DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1988.671369
F. Uchiyama, K. Tukamoto, S. Shiratori, I. Yokoshima, S. Ishigami, K. Hasiguchi
f low measurement of coolan t w a t e r I n t r o d u c t i o n This paper d e s c r i b e s an a c c u r a t e ca lor imeter which can measure high power CW-COp laser output a t power l e v e l of 100 W t o 10 kW w i t h an accuracy Of 1 %. The ca lor imeter c o n s i s t s of a water cooled double cone type o p t i c a l absorber . O p t i c a l power i s determined from temperature r ise i n t h e coolan t w a t e r of t h e absorber measured w i t h one of a p a i r of q u a r t z thermosensor. The ca lor imeter can be c a l i b r a t e d t o AC o r DC power.
{"title":"A 10 kW Class Calorimeter for CW-CO/sub 2/ Laser Power Measurements","authors":"F. Uchiyama, K. Tukamoto, S. Shiratori, I. Yokoshima, S. Ishigami, K. Hasiguchi","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1988.671369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1988.671369","url":null,"abstract":"f low measurement of coolan t w a t e r I n t r o d u c t i o n This paper d e s c r i b e s an a c c u r a t e ca lor imeter which can measure high power CW-COp laser output a t power l e v e l of 100 W t o 10 kW w i t h an accuracy Of 1 %. The ca lor imeter c o n s i s t s of a water cooled double cone type o p t i c a l absorber . O p t i c a l power i s determined from temperature r ise i n t h e coolan t w a t e r of t h e absorber measured w i t h one of a p a i r of q u a r t z thermosensor. The ca lor imeter can be c a l i b r a t e d t o AC o r DC power.","PeriodicalId":326579,"journal":{"name":"1988 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132834008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-06-07DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1988.671376
B. W. Ricketts, G. Small
The NML calculable capacitor has been examined for possible adjustment errors and for the effects of wear. A new program of measurements relating the 1-/spl Omega/ standards to the calculable capacitor and to the QHR has been conducted, and the results are presented.
{"title":"A Re-Evaluation of the NML Absolute OHM and Quantized Hall Resistance Determinations","authors":"B. W. Ricketts, G. Small","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1988.671376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1988.671376","url":null,"abstract":"The NML calculable capacitor has been examined for possible adjustment errors and for the effects of wear. A new program of measurements relating the 1-/spl Omega/ standards to the calculable capacitor and to the QHR has been conducted, and the results are presented.","PeriodicalId":326579,"journal":{"name":"1988 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133245211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-06-07DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1988.671149
J. Helmcke
Progress in the fields of laser frequency stabilization, optical frequency measurements, and high resolution laser spectroscopy opens the possibility to develop optical frequency standards of unpreceded low uncertainty. Basic concepts of such standards are discussed and first experimental results are reviewed. The lowest frequency uncertainties are expected from standards based on slow atomic beams or on stored and cooled ions.
{"title":"Optical Frequency Standards: Present Status And Prospects For The Future","authors":"J. Helmcke","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1988.671149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1988.671149","url":null,"abstract":"Progress in the fields of laser frequency stabilization, optical frequency measurements, and high resolution laser spectroscopy opens the possibility to develop optical frequency standards of unpreceded low uncertainty. Basic concepts of such standards are discussed and first experimental results are reviewed. The lowest frequency uncertainties are expected from standards based on slow atomic beams or on stored and cooled ions.","PeriodicalId":326579,"journal":{"name":"1988 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements","volume":"82 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116412461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-06-07DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1988.671270
M. Junttila, T. Veijola, B. Ståhlberg
In this paper we describe the results of wavelength comparisons of lasers done with a Fourier Transform (FT) spectrometer in the visible and near infrared region. The spectrometer employs the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) routine to determine absolute wavelengths and mode structures of mono- and multi-mode lasers relative to a stabilized He-Ne (633 nm) laser.
{"title":"Measurements with a Fourier Transform Wavemeter","authors":"M. Junttila, T. Veijola, B. Ståhlberg","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1988.671270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1988.671270","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we describe the results of wavelength comparisons of lasers done with a Fourier Transform (FT) spectrometer in the visible and near infrared region. The spectrometer employs the Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) routine to determine absolute wavelengths and mode structures of mono- and multi-mode lasers relative to a stabilized He-Ne (633 nm) laser.","PeriodicalId":326579,"journal":{"name":"1988 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123562649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-06-07DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1988.671292
W. Wiatr
The dissipative loss of a reciprocal two-port can be determined from its input reflection coefficients measured while terminating the output with load, short and open circuits, and sliding short. The paper presents a statistical approach applied to minimize random errors of the loss determination.
{"title":"Determination of the Dissipative Loss in Low-Loss Two-Ports","authors":"W. Wiatr","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1988.671292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1988.671292","url":null,"abstract":"The dissipative loss of a reciprocal two-port can be determined from its input reflection coefficients measured while terminating the output with load, short and open circuits, and sliding short. The paper presents a statistical approach applied to minimize random errors of the loss determination.","PeriodicalId":326579,"journal":{"name":"1988 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123770033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-06-07DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1988.671205
M. Weiss
Measurements of clocks aboard Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites as well as GPS system time are made many times per day at time standards laboratories around the world according to a tracking schedule issued by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures). We compute Kalman smoothed estimates of clocks in the standards labs to define a global time base, then compute Kalman smoothed estimates of GPS clocks against this time base. Biases in measurements repeated once per sidereal day produce apparent diurnal effects in the data. A composite time and frequency Kalman estimator is used here. This allows updates of clocks at time intervals less than one day while aliasing diurnal variations.
根据国际度量衡局(International Bureau of Weights and Measures)发布的跟踪时间表，世界各地的时间标准实验室每天多次测量全球定位系统(GPS)卫星上的时钟和GPS系统时间。我们在标准实验室中计算时钟的卡尔曼平滑估计以定义全局时基，然后根据该时基计算GPS时钟的卡尔曼平滑估计。每恒星日重复一次的测量偏差在数据中产生明显的日效应。本文采用时频复合卡尔曼估计。这允许时钟在不到一天的时间间隔内更新，同时混淆日变化。
{"title":"The Design Of Kalman Smoothers For Global Positioning Data","authors":"M. Weiss","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1988.671205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1988.671205","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements of clocks aboard Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites as well as GPS system time are made many times per day at time standards laboratories around the world according to a tracking schedule issued by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures). We compute Kalman smoothed estimates of clocks in the standards labs to define a global time base, then compute Kalman smoothed estimates of GPS clocks against this time base. Biases in measurements repeated once per sidereal day produce apparent diurnal effects in the data. A composite time and frequency Kalman estimator is used here. This allows updates of clocks at time intervals less than one day while aliasing diurnal variations.","PeriodicalId":326579,"journal":{"name":"1988 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123790786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-06-07DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1988.671266
D. Fefer, J. Drnovsek, A. Jeglic
AC-DC voltage standards based entirely on solid state references, used as secondary, working or transfer standards, are widely used although metrological performance is typically defined only via comparison with a higher level standard. Present report shows the possibilities of the special programme support that has the capacity to define the current level of measurement accuracy within certain limits, and hence to adjust the output parameters.
{"title":"Industrial Experience with an Intelligent AC/DC Standard","authors":"D. Fefer, J. Drnovsek, A. Jeglic","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1988.671266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1988.671266","url":null,"abstract":"AC-DC voltage standards based entirely on solid state references, used as secondary, working or transfer standards, are widely used although metrological performance is typically defined only via comparison with a higher level standard. Present report shows the possibilities of the special programme support that has the capacity to define the current level of measurement accuracy within certain limits, and hence to adjust the output parameters.","PeriodicalId":326579,"journal":{"name":"1988 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122334897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-06-07DOI: 10.1109/CPEM.1988.671246
V. Agrawal, P. C. Kothari, K. Chandra
This paper presents an upto date informatlon on various techniques being used for the precise measurement of microwave power in National Standards Laboratories of various countries includinq the capabilities attained by NPL, India in this field. Various aspects, such as design and fabrication, operational simplicity, limitations, etc., of the techniques have been discussed. The uncertainty achieved in the determination of effective efficiency of the mounts by different techniques has also been given.
{"title":"Present International Status of Microwave Power Standards","authors":"V. Agrawal, P. C. Kothari, K. Chandra","doi":"10.1109/CPEM.1988.671246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CPEM.1988.671246","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an upto date informatlon on various techniques being used for the precise measurement of microwave power in National Standards Laboratories of various countries includinq the capabilities attained by NPL, India in this field. Various aspects, such as design and fabrication, operational simplicity, limitations, etc., of the techniques have been discussed. The uncertainty achieved in the determination of effective efficiency of the mounts by different techniques has also been given.","PeriodicalId":326579,"journal":{"name":"1988 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130192650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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