Assuming that one has access to a large, general-purpose time-sharing system, social scientists would like to have several computational resources. First, large quantities of data should be easily accessible on-line. Second, it should be possible to retrieve and statistically analyze these data without being a skilled programmer. Third, undergraduates should be able to become involved with data analysis, and the involvement should be accomplished with relative simplicity. Finally, faculty should be able to carry out their empirical research---no matter how complex---with equal simplicity.
{"title":"Project IMPRESS: time-sharing in the social sciences","authors":"E. Meyers","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476906","url":null,"abstract":"Assuming that one has access to a large, general-purpose time-sharing system, social scientists would like to have several computational resources. First, large quantities of data should be easily accessible on-line. Second, it should be possible to retrieve and statistically analyze these data without being a skilled programmer. Third, undergraduates should be able to become involved with data analysis, and the involvement should be accomplished with relative simplicity. Finally, faculty should be able to carry out their empirical research---no matter how complex---with equal simplicity.","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121489205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A generalized model or "blue-print" for the design of sophisticated file systems is presented in this paper. The model exploits the concepts of "hierarchical modularity" and "virtual memory."
{"title":"A modular approach to file system design","authors":"S. Madnick, J. W. Alsop","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476795","url":null,"abstract":"A generalized model or \"blue-print\" for the design of sophisticated file systems is presented in this paper. The model exploits the concepts of \"hierarchical modularity\" and \"virtual memory.\"","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"204 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131774805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
If we look at business applications which are truly on-line today, we see far fewer than were predicted four or five years ago when time-sharing and on-line systems were promised as ultimate solutions. Why is this so? I believe there are several reason, intertwined, which have in turn caused secondary effects. I would like to review some of these briefly.
{"title":"On-line business applications","authors":"Charles T. Casale","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476799","url":null,"abstract":"If we look at business applications which are truly on-line today, we see far fewer than were predicted four or five years ago when time-sharing and on-line systems were promised as ultimate solutions. Why is this so? I believe there are several reason, intertwined, which have in turn caused secondary effects. I would like to review some of these briefly.","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115371710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Computers have thus far been applied in medicine most effectively in situations where a standard mechanism already exists for dealing with the data: in the accounting problems of administrative work; in sorting and printing out the results of laboratory tests; and in conventional types of mathematical calculation performed during research or other activities. Despite these obvious and desirable successes, computers have not yet had an important impact on the more inherently clinical features of medical strategy and tactics. The intellectual qualities of scientific practice in clinical medicine do not appear to have been significantly affected by the many theoretical models and grandiose systems proposed during the recent exuberance of "computers in medicine."
{"title":"Computers in medicine: automation vs. improvement of status quo","authors":"A. Feinstein","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476912","url":null,"abstract":"Computers have thus far been applied in medicine most effectively in situations where a standard mechanism already exists for dealing with the data: in the accounting problems of administrative work; in sorting and printing out the results of laboratory tests; and in conventional types of mathematical calculation performed during research or other activities. Despite these obvious and desirable successes, computers have not yet had an important impact on the more inherently clinical features of medical strategy and tactics. The intellectual qualities of scientific practice in clinical medicine do not appear to have been significantly affected by the many theoretical models and grandiose systems proposed during the recent exuberance of \"computers in medicine.\"","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116957949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problems of managing programmers have been growing rapidly in recent years. The specific issues referred to are the increasing costs of programming and the failure to complete projects when scheduled or needed. This paper proposes more effective supervision of programmers together with improved management policies and procedures as steps to reduce the effects of these growing trends in programming projects. These problems have resulted, in part, from the shortage of qualified personnel, the rapidly changing technology, and the management personnel in the computer center. This paper does not deal with the problem of project management, that has been dealt with elsewhere, but rather the supervisory processes involved in the management of computer programmers.
{"title":"Management of computer programmers","authors":"M. Gotterer","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476856","url":null,"abstract":"The problems of managing programmers have been growing rapidly in recent years. The specific issues referred to are the increasing costs of programming and the failure to complete projects when scheduled or needed. This paper proposes more effective supervision of programmers together with improved management policies and procedures as steps to reduce the effects of these growing trends in programming projects. These problems have resulted, in part, from the shortage of qualified personnel, the rapidly changing technology, and the management personnel in the computer center. This paper does not deal with the problem of project management, that has been dealt with elsewhere, but rather the supervisory processes involved in the management of computer programmers.","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115295006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Meeker, N. R. Crandall, Fred A. Dayton, G. Rose
This paper is a discussion of the OS-3 operating system developed at Oregon State University. Before proceeding to a discussion of that system, it is appropriate to say a few words in order to view this work within a more global context.
{"title":"OS-3: the Oregon State open shop operating system","authors":"J. Meeker, N. R. Crandall, Fred A. Dayton, G. Rose","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476833","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a discussion of the OS-3 operating system developed at Oregon State University. Before proceeding to a discussion of that system, it is appropriate to say a few words in order to view this work within a more global context.","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123172271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In response to the needs of the Boston Community, a new direction has been taken in the Lowell School, a school under the auspices of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which will offer education to the community for no more than the cost of two bushels of wheat. The program focuses mainly on the needs of two sectors of our community.
为了响应波士顿社区的需求，麻省理工学院(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)赞助的洛厄尔学校(Lowell School)采取了新的方向，为社区提供教育，费用不超过两蒲式耳小麦的价格。该计划主要侧重于我们社区的两个部门的需求。
{"title":"A program for the underprivileged and overprivileged in the Boston community","authors":"J. Donovan","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476804","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the needs of the Boston Community, a new direction has been taken in the Lowell School, a school under the auspices of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which will offer education to the community for no more than the cost of two bushels of wheat. The program focuses mainly on the needs of two sectors of our community.","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"320 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124527691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The U. S. Department of Labor's experimental and demonstration (E and D) program seeks to develop and test through actual project operation, new ideas and techniques to meet manpower problems more effectively. Projects focus on the particular problems which impede employment of the unemployed and underemployed and which are not being met effectively by established manpower program methods. They seek, through innovative techniques and new types of organizational arrangements, to determine how the programs might better "reach" and help prepare such workers for jobs, place them, and retain and upgrade them in gainful employment.
{"title":"Experimental and demonstration manpower projects","authors":"Joseph Seiler","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476807","url":null,"abstract":"The U. S. Department of Labor's experimental and demonstration (E and D) program seeks to develop and test through actual project operation, new ideas and techniques to meet manpower problems more effectively. Projects focus on the particular problems which impede employment of the unemployed and underemployed and which are not being met effectively by established manpower program methods. They seek, through innovative techniques and new types of organizational arrangements, to determine how the programs might better \"reach\" and help prepare such workers for jobs, place them, and retain and upgrade them in gainful employment.","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"24 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126843619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problem of program transfer is such that most people think they understand the process better than they do. Optimism is rampant; success is elusive.
程序转移的问题是这样的，大多数人认为他们比他们更了解这个过程。乐观主义盛行;成功是难以捉摸的。
{"title":"Program transferability","authors":"R. W. Bemer","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476888","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of program transfer is such that most people think they understand the process better than they do. Optimism is rampant; success is elusive.","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132679333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. E. Abel, Paul P. Budnik, D. Kuck, Y. Muraoka, R. S. Northcote, R. Wilhelmson
TRANQUIL is the algorithmic language which will be used to write programs for ILLIAC IV, a parallel computer which has been described by Barnes et al. ILLIAC IV is designed to be an array of 256 coupled processing elements (PE's) arranged in four quadrants in each of which the 64 PE's are driven by instructions emanating from a single control unit (CU). Each of the 256 PE's is to have 2048 words of 64 bit semiconductor memory with a 250 nanosecond cycle time and an instruction set which includes floating point arithmetic on both 64 bit and 32 bit operands with options for rounding and normalization, 8 bit byte operations, and a wide range of tests due to the use of addressable registers and a full set of comparisons. The PE's differ from conventional digital computers in two main ways. Firstly, each is capable of communicating data to its four neighboring PE's in the array by means of routing instructions. Secondly, each PE is able to set its own mode registers, thus effectively enabling or disabling itself for the transmission of data or the execution of instructions from its CU.
{"title":"TRANQUIL: a language for an array processing computer","authors":"N. E. Abel, Paul P. Budnik, D. Kuck, Y. Muraoka, R. S. Northcote, R. Wilhelmson","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476814","url":null,"abstract":"TRANQUIL is the algorithmic language which will be used to write programs for ILLIAC IV, a parallel computer which has been described by Barnes et al. ILLIAC IV is designed to be an array of 256 coupled processing elements (PE's) arranged in four quadrants in each of which the 64 PE's are driven by instructions emanating from a single control unit (CU). Each of the 256 PE's is to have 2048 words of 64 bit semiconductor memory with a 250 nanosecond cycle time and an instruction set which includes floating point arithmetic on both 64 bit and 32 bit operands with options for rounding and normalization, 8 bit byte operations, and a wide range of tests due to the use of addressable registers and a full set of comparisons. The PE's differ from conventional digital computers in two main ways. Firstly, each is capable of communicating data to its four neighboring PE's in the array by means of routing instructions. Secondly, each PE is able to set its own mode registers, thus effectively enabling or disabling itself for the transmission of data or the execution of instructions from its CU.","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131708933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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