The automation of libraries is a fairly recent entry to the growing number of areas of applications for computers. Is this an indication that librarians have been resisting advancing technology or could it be that the process of controlling large stores of information is so complex and the hardware, software, and brainware still too limited to cope with this complexity? Might it also be that computer specialists, underestimating the challenges, have evinced little interest in the library problem?
{"title":"Using computer technology: frustrations abound","authors":"Henriette D. Avram","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476810","url":null,"abstract":"The automation of libraries is a fairly recent entry to the growing number of areas of applications for computers. Is this an indication that librarians have been resisting advancing technology or could it be that the process of controlling large stores of information is so complex and the hardware, software, and brainware still too limited to cope with this complexity? Might it also be that computer specialists, underestimating the challenges, have evinced little interest in the library problem?","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128463213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In an earlier paper we attempted to set forth (1) a design methodology for computer systems which made heavy use of simulation and (2) a simulation language intended to facilitate the use of the design methodology presented. The basic justification for the design methodology presented an old precept from engineering design: a problem must be defined before it is solved. The result was a methodology which laid great stress on specifying the behavior of a system or a component in a system before producing the design. The simulation language, SODAS, was designed to allow a design to proceed in a hierarchical way, treating any system as a set of components, specifying the behavior of those components, then treating the components themselves as systems. By means of the SODAS language it was to be possible to evaluate the design at any stage in its development without excess effort.
{"title":"More on simulation languages and design methodology for computer systems","authors":"D. Parnas","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476917","url":null,"abstract":"In an earlier paper we attempted to set forth (1) a design methodology for computer systems which made heavy use of simulation and (2) a simulation language intended to facilitate the use of the design methodology presented. The basic justification for the design methodology presented an old precept from engineering design: a problem must be defined before it is solved. The result was a methodology which laid great stress on specifying the behavior of a system or a component in a system before producing the design. The simulation language, SODAS, was designed to allow a design to proceed in a hierarchical way, treating any system as a set of components, specifying the behavior of those components, then treating the components themselves as systems. By means of the SODAS language it was to be possible to evaluate the design at any stage in its development without excess effort.","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130741193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Medicine has developed current methods of teaching heart function over several centuries. There have been few fundamental changes in these teaching techniques over the last several decades. The method of text study followed by laboratory activity is essentially the same for both undergraduate and medical school students. For the latter, a more comprehensive study of experimental animals is involved, and surgical procedures are observed on patients. Once in medical school, almost all teaching is by demonstration, with a very small number of students per instructor.
{"title":"Teaching heart function: one application of medical computer animation","authors":"A. Gott, B. Kubert, A. Bowyer, George W. Nevatt","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476901","url":null,"abstract":"Medicine has developed current methods of teaching heart function over several centuries. There have been few fundamental changes in these teaching techniques over the last several decades. The method of text study followed by laboratory activity is essentially the same for both undergraduate and medical school students. For the latter, a more comprehensive study of experimental animals is involved, and surgical procedures are observed on patients. Once in medical school, almost all teaching is by demonstration, with a very small number of students per instructor.","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128535462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid development of micro-electronics towards multiterminal structures demands corresponding growth in understanding the potential and limitations of multiterminal devices and networks. The increasing sophistication of integrated circuits will impose a new set of criteria upon network synthesis.
{"title":"Programmed test patterns for multiterminal devices","authors":"Francis J. McIntosh, W. Happ","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476831","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of micro-electronics towards multiterminal structures demands corresponding growth in understanding the potential and limitations of multiterminal devices and networks. The increasing sophistication of integrated circuits will impose a new set of criteria upon network synthesis.","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117274140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the advent of the higher-level algebraic languages, the computer industry expected to be relieved of the detailed programming required at the assembly-language level. This expectation has largely been realized. Many systems are now being built in higher-level languages (most notably MULTICS).
{"title":"EXDAMS: extendable debugging and monitoring system","authors":"R. Balzer","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476881","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of the higher-level algebraic languages, the computer industry expected to be relieved of the detailed programming required at the assembly-language level. This expectation has largely been realized. Many systems are now being built in higher-level languages (most notably MULTICS).","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123181222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The communications characteristics of multiaccess computing are generating new needs for communications. The results of a study of multiaccess computer communications are the topic of this paper. The analyses made are based on a model of the user-computer interactive process that is described and on data that were collected from operating computer systems. Insight into the performance of multiaccess computer systems can be gleaned from these analyses. In this paper emphasis is placed on communications considerations. For this reason, the conclusions presented deal with the characteristics of communications systems and services appropriate for multiaccess computer systems.
{"title":"A study of multiaccess computer communications","authors":"P. E. Jackson, Charles D. Stubbs","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476867","url":null,"abstract":"The communications characteristics of multiaccess computing are generating new needs for communications. The results of a study of multiaccess computer communications are the topic of this paper. The analyses made are based on a model of the user-computer interactive process that is described and on data that were collected from operating computer systems. Insight into the performance of multiaccess computer systems can be gleaned from these analyses. In this paper emphasis is placed on communications considerations. For this reason, the conclusions presented deal with the characteristics of communications systems and services appropriate for multiaccess computer systems.","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134472928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On-line computing systems are a relatively recent development in commercial computer technology. Most of the experience to date with the use of such systems has been gained at universities, large governmental organizations and a few pioneering businesses like American Airlines, Westinghouse and Keydata Corporation. Today, from the literature and recent announcements of computer plans, it appears that online systems are ready to be implemented in many organizations to perform a large variety of tasks. There are experts predicting that by 1970 the majority of computer systems sold will be performing some online functions. Huge growth is expected to occur in computers capable of operating on an on-line or time-shared basis.
{"title":"On-line business applications","authors":"William M. Zani","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476801","url":null,"abstract":"On-line computing systems are a relatively recent development in commercial computer technology. Most of the experience to date with the use of such systems has been gained at universities, large governmental organizations and a few pioneering businesses like American Airlines, Westinghouse and Keydata Corporation. Today, from the literature and recent announcements of computer plans, it appears that online systems are ready to be implemented in many organizations to perform a large variety of tasks. There are experts predicting that by 1970 the majority of computer systems sold will be performing some online functions. Huge growth is expected to occur in computers capable of operating on an on-line or time-shared basis.","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133988962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simulation of physical systems using digital computers has been accomplished by many people over the past few years. One such simulation program at Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Inc. constitutes an analytical representation of an automobile as it departs from the highway under various environmental conditions, especially under adverse ones where there is danger of collision with obstacles. As with most complex simulation programs where there are interactions among many components, the equations of motion, including the required restraints, become long and numerous. But foremost, the output data set in printed form is quite extensive and very difficult for the investigating engineer to completely comprehend. About thirty crowded pages of output are printed for a five second automobile test run.
{"title":"Computer graphics displays of simulated automobile dynamics","authors":"C. M. Theiss","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476839","url":null,"abstract":"Simulation of physical systems using digital computers has been accomplished by many people over the past few years. One such simulation program at Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Inc. constitutes an analytical representation of an automobile as it departs from the highway under various environmental conditions, especially under adverse ones where there is danger of collision with obstacles. As with most complex simulation programs where there are interactions among many components, the equations of motion, including the required restraints, become long and numerous. But foremost, the output data set in printed form is quite extensive and very difficult for the investigating engineer to completely comprehend. About thirty crowded pages of output are printed for a five second automobile test run.","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115274344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the mathematical formulation of a class of three-dimensional surfaces parametrically represented for efficient computer display. The degrees of freedom in the representation are such as to provide a rich variety of surfaces with convenient parameters for manipulation and constraint satisfaction. Historically this work began as an investigation of the properties of rational parametric cubics, a class of curves well-suited to the Harvard three-dimensional display. The desire to represent curvilinear surfaces in terms of these curves and an introduction to the Coons' surface formulation were sufficient to suggest the approach discussed here.
{"title":"A class of surfaces for computer display","authors":"Theodore M. P. Lee","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476841","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the mathematical formulation of a class of three-dimensional surfaces parametrically represented for efficient computer display. The degrees of freedom in the representation are such as to provide a rich variety of surfaces with convenient parameters for manipulation and constraint satisfaction. Historically this work began as an investigation of the properties of rational parametric cubics, a class of curves well-suited to the Harvard three-dimensional display. The desire to represent curvilinear surfaces in terms of these curves and an introduction to the Coons' surface formulation were sufficient to suggest the approach discussed here.","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133516613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a growing need for data exchange, particularly the passing of files of data between programs that were produced independently. This will be needed in the development of computer networks and data bases; for example, a head office installation collecting files from various divisions of a corporation to build a data base. Both the development of formal and informal computer networks as well as the economic feasibility of large data bases are favoring the development of arrangements for a considerable volume of data exchange, whether directly over communication systems or by the dispatch of reels of tape and boxes of cards. These are very significant areas of growth that are just beginning to emerge in commercial EDP and are already creating problems within the Federal government.
{"title":"Software compatibility","authors":"J. Gosden","doi":"10.1145/1476793.1476889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1476793.1476889","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing need for data exchange, particularly the passing of files of data between programs that were produced independently. This will be needed in the development of computer networks and data bases; for example, a head office installation collecting files from various divisions of a corporation to build a data base. Both the development of formal and informal computer networks as well as the economic feasibility of large data bases are favoring the development of arrangements for a considerable volume of data exchange, whether directly over communication systems or by the dispatch of reels of tape and boxes of cards. These are very significant areas of growth that are just beginning to emerge in commercial EDP and are already creating problems within the Federal government.","PeriodicalId":326625,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '69 (Spring)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1969-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116697581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：