Fuel Processing Technology最新文献_第10页

Reaction characteristics of La/Co doped Mg-Fe-Al-O spinel oxygen carriers for chemical looping steam methane reforming La/Co掺杂Mg-Fe-Al-O尖晶石氧载体化学环蒸汽甲烷重整反应特性

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108322

Shiyi Chen , Fangjun Wang , Jun Du , Shubo Chen , Wenguo Xiang

Chemical looping steam methane reforming (CLSMR) is an efficient and promising method to co-produce syngas and hydrogen. In this work, the La/Co doped Mg-Fe-Al-O spinel was synthesized via co-precipitation method as oxygen carrier in CLSMR. The introduction of La ions enhances the dispersion of the iron oxide on the particle surface and retards the growth of the oxygen carrier grain size, and the incorporation Co ions creates oxygen vacancies, which facilitates the lattice oxygen migration. The results reveal the optimal ratios of La: Co is 5:5 in the doping. In the reduction, the La5Co5 sample generates the syngas with a H₂/CO molar ratio of ∼2, a CH₄ conversion rate of 85.1 %, and a syngas yield of 3.75 mmol/g_oc. In the oxidation, H₂ is produced with a yield of 1.25 mmol/g_oc and a concentration > 95 vol%. In SEM and XRD characterization analysis, the La5Co5 oxygen carrier after multiple reaction cycles exhibits minimal sintering, with stable phases and slight changes in grain size. The LaCo synergistic effect can also enhance the methane partial oxidation. The deep-reduced oxygen carrier owns sufficient oxygen vacancies as active sites for steam splitting to produce high concentration hydrogen.

化学循环蒸汽甲烷重整（CLSMR）是一种高效、有前途的合成气和氢气联产方法。本文采用共沉淀法在CLSMR中合成了La/Co掺杂的Mg-Fe-Al-O尖晶石作为氧载体。La离子的引入增强了氧化铁在颗粒表面的分散，延缓了载氧颗粒尺寸的增长，Co离子的加入产生了氧空位，促进了晶格氧的迁移。结果表明，La: Co的最佳配比为5:5。在还原过程中，La5Co5样品生成的合成气H2/CO摩尔比为~ 2，CH4转化率为85.1%，合成气产率为3.75 mmol/goc。在氧化过程中，H2的产率为1.25 mmol/goc，浓度为95 vol%。SEM和XRD表征分析表明，经过多次反应循环后的La5Co5氧载体烧结最小，物相稳定，晶粒尺寸变化不大。LaCo的协同作用也能促进甲烷的部分氧化。深度还原氧载体具有足够的氧空位作为裂解蒸汽生成高浓度氢的活性位点。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review of the catalytic transformation for biomass derivatives into high-value fuels and chemicals over bimetallic Ni-Re catalysts 综述了双金属Ni-Re催化剂催化生物质衍生物转化为高价值燃料和化学品的研究进展

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108326

Pratikkumar Lakhani, Atthapon Srifa

Ni-Re bimetallic catalysts provide an excellent synergy of hydrogenation activity from Ni and oxophilic acidity from ReO_X, allowing for effective conversion of biomass-derived molecules into fuels and chemicals. This review highlights recent developments in Ni-Re catalyst synthesis, structure-performance relationships, and applications in key transformations such as furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and levulinic acid upgrading, and hydrodeoxygenation of fatty acid esters. The discussion highlights bifunctional mechanisms, hydrogen spillover, and metal-support interactions in controlling selectivity. Catalyst deactivation challenges and regeneration strategies are also addressed. Finally, future research directions are suggested with emphasis on atomic-scale catalyst design, integration of green hydrogen, and industrial use in sustainable biorefineries.

Ni- re双金属催化剂提供了来自Ni的氢化活性和来自ReOX的亲氧酸性的良好协同作用，允许有效地将生物质衍生分子转化为燃料和化学品。本文综述了Ni-Re催化剂的合成、结构-性能关系以及在糠醛、5-羟甲基糠醛、乙酰丙酸升级和脂肪酸酯加氢脱氧等关键转化中的应用。重点讨论了控制选择性的双功能机制、氢溢出和金属支持相互作用。还讨论了催化剂失活的挑战和再生策略。最后，提出了未来的研究方向，重点是原子级催化剂的设计、绿色氢的集成和可持续生物炼制的工业应用。

引用次数: 0

Molecular insights into the influence mechanism of carbon structure in iron coke after gasification on its combustion behavior and kinetics: Experiments, ReaxFF MD, and DFT 气化后铁焦碳结构对其燃烧行为和动力学影响机理的分子研究：实验，ReaxFF MD，和DFT

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108324

Jie Wang , Wei Wang , Xuheng Chen , Bowen Chen , Runsheng Xu

Iron coke has attracted attention as a low-carbon ironmaking fuel due to its high reactivity and efficient resource utilization. However, the structural characteristics of iron coke after gasification and their effect mechanisms affecting subsequent combustion remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of gasification on the carbon structure of iron coke using XRD and Raman spectroscopy, and revealed the influence mechanism of carbon structure on combustion behavior and kinetics through combined thermogravimetric analysis, ReaxFF MD, and DFT calculations. The results demonstrate that the gasification reaction catalyzed by iron/iron oxides induces more defects in the carbon structure of iron coke. The higher the gasification degree of iron coke, the greater its following combustion reactivity. Increasing the heating rate in the non-isothermal combustion process can markedly enhance the combustion performance of iron coke. ReaxFF MD simulations reveal that oxygen radicals preferentially attack and react with vacancy defects in the carbon structure, which is the primary reason for the increased reactivity of defective structures. Due to the curling effect between carbon layers, the activation energy during combustion initially increases and then decreases with rising carbon conversion. DFT calculations indicate that vacancy defects in the carbon structure play a critical role in enhancing combustion behavior. On one hand, the increased defects provide more active sites, reducing the adsorption energy for O₂ molecules. On the other hand, the synergistic effect of van der Waals interactions and chemical bonds in defective carbon structures effectively reduces activation energy for the combustion reaction.

铁焦作为一种低碳炼铁燃料，因其高反应性和资源高效利用而备受关注。然而，气化后铁焦的结构特征及其对后续燃烧的影响机理尚不清楚。本研究利用XRD和拉曼光谱研究了气化对铁焦碳结构的影响，并结合热重分析、ReaxFF MD和DFT计算揭示了碳结构对燃烧行为和动力学的影响机理。结果表明，铁/铁氧化物催化的气化反应导致铁焦碳结构缺陷增多。气化程度越高的铁焦，其后续燃烧反应活性越大。在非等温燃烧过程中，提高加热速率可以显著提高焦炭的燃烧性能。ReaxFF MD模拟表明，氧自由基优先攻击碳结构中的空位缺陷并与之发生反应，这是缺陷结构反应活性增加的主要原因。由于碳层之间的卷曲效应，燃烧时的活化能随着碳转化率的升高先升高后降低。DFT计算表明，碳结构中的空位缺陷对提高燃烧性能起着至关重要的作用。一方面，增加的缺陷提供了更多的活性位点，降低了O2分子的吸附能。另一方面，缺陷碳结构中的范德华相互作用和化学键的协同作用有效地降低了燃烧反应的活化能。

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引用次数: 0

Hierarchical Mo/HTNU-9 boosts methane aromatization with mitigated carbon deposition 分层Mo/HTNU-9促进甲烷芳构化，减轻碳沉积

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108323

Jing Hu, Xiaodong Chen, Chunxue Yang, Jingjing Tian, Xin Kang, Xiaohui Wang, Jinglin Liu

Methane dehydroaromatization (MDA) offers a promising route for converting methane into aromatics, yet rapid catalyst deactivation via coking remains a critical barrier. This study addresses this challenge through TPAOH-assisted hierarchical pore engineering of HTNU-9 zeolite. Controlled desilication (0.25 mol/L TPAOH, 24 h) generates micro-mesoporous Mo/HTNU-9-24 while retaining microporous integrity, achieving a 22 % increase in methane conversion (14.7 % vs. 11.4 % for pristine Mo/HTNU-9) at 700 °C. The hierarchical architecture enhances mass transfer and Mo dispersion via synergistic effects. Silanol-rich mesopore surfaces and mild alkalinity stabilize Mo species, selective removal of strong acid sites coupled with spatial confinement of mesopores mitigate coke accumulation. The optimized catalyst exhibits prolonged stability due to restricted Mo agglomeration and efficient carbon precursor diffusion. These findings establish a dual strategy (pore topology control and acid site modulation) to synchronize active center dynamics and coke resistance, advancing the rational design of hierarchical zeolites for industrial MDA applications.

甲烷脱氢芳化（MDA）为甲烷转化为芳烃提供了一条很有前途的途径，但通过焦化使催化剂快速失活仍然是一个关键障碍。本研究通过tpaoh辅助HTNU-9沸石的分层孔隙工程来解决这一挑战。控制脱硅（0.25 mol/L TPAOH, 24 h）生成微介孔Mo/HTNU-9-24，同时保持微孔完整性，在700℃下甲烷转化率提高22%（14.7%比原始Mo/HTNU-9的11.4%）。分层结构通过协同效应增强了传质和钼的分散。富硅醇的介孔表面和温和的碱度稳定了钼，选择性去除强酸位点加上介孔的空间限制减轻了焦炭的积累。优化后的催化剂表现出较长的稳定性，因为它限制了钼的团聚和有效的碳前驱体扩散。这些发现建立了一种双重策略（孔隙拓扑控制和酸位调制）来同步活性中心动力学和抗焦性，促进了分层沸石的合理设计，用于工业MDA应用。

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引用次数: 0

An intelligent plant-wide decision-support framework for waste valorization: Optimizing hydrochar production and energy recovery 用于废物增值的智能全厂决策支持框架：优化碳氢化合物生产和能源回收

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108320

Prathana Nimmanterdwong , Atthapon Srifa , Tawach Prechthai , Nattapong Tuntiwiwattanapun , Ratchanon Piemjaiswang , Bor-Yih Yu , Phuwadej Pornaroontham , Teerawat Sema , Benjapon Chalermsinsuwan , Pornpote Piumsomboon

This study presents an intelligent plant-wide decision-support framework, MIRA (Multi-objective Integrated Resource Allocation), which integrates deep learning and thermodynamic process modeling with particle swarm optimization (PSO) to optimize hydrochar production and energy recovery from diverse waste streams. Its hybrid architecture leverages artificial neural networks (ANNs), trained on experimental data but unable to enforce mass-energy conservation, coupling with thermodynamic simulation to ensure mass and energy conservation and thermodynamic consistency. The framework models two major waste valorization pathways: (1) direct combustion with energy recovery, as demonstrated by Thailand's Phuket waste-to-energy plant, and (2) hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) followed by electricity generation. MIRA simultaneously optimizes environmental and economic outcomes by adjusting HTC temperature and hydrochar routing fraction. Scenario-based optimization was applied to three representative feedstocks, organic household waste digestate (OHWD), municipal solid waste (MSW), and agricultural residue (AGR), under CO₂-focused, revenue-focused, and balanced objectives. AGR demonstrated the highest responsiveness, achieving up to 3.14 MWh of electricity and $274.2 in revenue per ton of wet feed when prioritizing energy recovery. OHWD showed moderate potential, while MSW performance was limited by high ash and moisture. Overall, MIRA offers a scalable, accurate tool for waste-to-energy optimization, with future extensions to broader thermochemical and infrastructure systems.

本研究提出了一个智能全厂决策支持框架MIRA（多目标集成资源分配），该框架将深度学习和热力学过程建模与粒子群优化（PSO）相结合，以优化不同废物流的碳氢化合物生产和能源回收。它的混合架构利用人工神经网络（ann），在实验数据上训练，但不能执行质能守恒，与热力学模拟相结合，以确保质能守恒和热力学一致性。该框架模拟了两种主要的废物增值途径：(1)直接燃烧与能量回收，如泰国普吉岛废物能源发电厂所示；(2)热液碳化（HTC），然后发电。MIRA通过调节HTC温度和烃类路径分数，同时优化环境和经济效果。在以二氧化碳为中心、以收入为中心和平衡目标下，对有机生活垃圾、城市固体废物和农业残渣三种具有代表性的原料进行了基于场景的优化。AGR表现出最高的响应性，当优先考虑能量回收时，可实现高达3.14兆瓦时的电力和每吨湿料274.2美元的收入。OHWD表现出中等的潜力，而MSW的性能受到高灰分和高水分的限制。总的来说，MIRA为废物转化为能源的优化提供了一个可扩展的、精确的工具，未来将扩展到更广泛的热化学和基础设施系统。

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引用次数: 0

Microbial electrosynthesis of CO₂ to multiple carbon products: Metabolic pathways, key factors, and sustainable prospects 微生物电合成CO 2到多种碳产物：代谢途径，关键因素和可持续发展前景

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108321

Sifan Sun , Jun Dong , Weihong Zhang , Guohao Shao , Chenlu Li , Yan Li

In recent years, CO₂ emission has been a global consensus that it is urgent to reduce CO₂ emissions and realize CO₂ resource utilization. However, current technologies for CO₂ reduction have the problems of high energy input, high operational costs, and a risk of secondary pollution. Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) combines the metabolic activities of microorganisms on electrodes with electrical energy to convert CO₂ into organics. Although MES has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, low operational cost, and potential for high-value-added products, it still confronts obstacles like low electron transfer efficiency, low conversion rate, improper reactor design and operation, etc. Therefore, this paper provided a comprehensive review of MES with CO₂ conversion, aiming to identify the determinants of the process and exploit its future research directions. There are three tasks in this review: Firstly, typical fatty acid and alcohol production (3.5 to 5700 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹) from MES and their metabolic pathways were introduced elaborately. Secondly, the determining factors of MES, such as reactor configuration, electrode material, cathodic potential (generally −0.8 to −1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl), and coulombic efficiency (17.6 % to 113.6 %), were comprehensively discussed. Finally, challenges of microbial electrochemical reduction of CO₂ were discussed, and future research directions were proposed.

近年来，减少CO₂排放，实现CO₂资源化利用已成为全球共识。但是，目前的CO₂减少技术存在能源投入高、运营费用高、二次污染风险大等问题。微生物电合成（MES）将微生物在电极上的代谢活动与电能结合起来，将CO₂转化为有机物。MES虽然具有反应条件温和、运行成本低、高附加值产品潜力等优点，但仍存在电子传递效率低、转化率低、反应器设计和操作不当等障碍。因此，本文对具有CO2转化的MES进行了全面的综述，旨在找出这一过程的决定因素并探索其未来的研究方向。本文主要有三个方面的工作：首先，详细介绍了MES的典型脂肪酸和酒精产量（3.5 ~ 5700 mg L−1 d−1）及其代谢途径。其次，对反应器结构、电极材料、阴极电位（一般为−0.8 ~−1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl）和库仑效率（17.6% ~ 113.6%）等影响MES性能的因素进行了综合讨论。最后，讨论了微生物电化学还原CO₂面临的挑战，并提出了未来的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

CFD-guided catalytic combustion optimization of CH4/H2/NH3 blends using staged Ni-based catalysts: Insights into NOx mitigation and efficiency enhancement 基于分级镍基催化剂的cfd引导下CH4/H2/NH3混合物的催化燃烧优化：对NOx减排和效率提高的见解

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108315

Muhammad Mubashir , Dekui Shen , Muhammad Aurangzeb , Sheeraz Iqbal , Md Shafiullah , Aymen Flah , Habib Kraiem

The decarbonization of industrial combustion systems demands fuel strategies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining high efficiency and operational stability. This study explores the catalytic combustion behavior of ternary CH₄/H₂/NH₃ fuel blends using high-fidelity Large Eddy Simulation (LES) integrated with a validated reduced chemical mechanism (51 species, 420 reactions). The focus is to overcome ammonia's inherent limitations: low reactivity, high ignition temperature (> 650 °C), and elevated NO_x formation, by leveraging catalytic surface interactions. A novel staged catalyst configuration based on Ni-Cu/Fe₂O₃ is proposed, with upstream NH₃ decomposition and downstream NO_x reduction zones. Parametric simulations reveal that a 30:30:40 volumetric fuel blend (CH₄:H₂:NH₃) achieves optimal performance, yielding combustion efficiency above 97 %, NO_x emissions below 30 ppm, and NH₃ slip under 15 ppm. Catalyst staging improves performance over uniform coating, reducing NO_x by 79.3 % and NH₃ slip by 56.1 %. Stability maps indicate extended flame anchoring over a wide equivalence ratio range (0.65–1.1) and inlet velocities up to 25 m/s. A comprehensive reaction pathway analysis attributes 65 % of NO_x to fuel NO, 25 % to thermal NO, and 10 % to prompt NO mechanisms. Catalytic activity proves most effective within the 550–650 K surface temperature window. The results highlight a scalable pathway for integrating catalytic combustion in low-carbon energy systems and establish a foundation for future experimental validation. This work offers practical insight for transitioning toward cleaner combustion technologies, particularly in ammonia-assisted hybrid fuels for advanced burners, reformers, and industrial heating applications.

工业燃烧系统的脱碳要求燃料策略在保持高效率和运行稳定性的同时减少温室气体排放。本研究利用高保真大涡模拟（LES）技术，结合已验证的还原化学机制（51种，420种反应），探索了三元CH4/H2/NH3燃料混合物的催化燃烧行为。重点是通过利用催化表面相互作用来克服氨的固有局限性：低反应性、高点火温度（> 650°C）和高NOx生成。提出了一种基于Ni-Cu/Fe2O3的新型分级催化剂结构，上游有NH3分解区，下游有NOx还原区。参数模拟表明，体积配比为30:30:40的燃料混合物（CH4:H2:NH3）达到了最佳性能，燃烧效率超过97%，NOx排放低于30 ppm， NH3滑脱低于15 ppm。催化剂分级改善了均匀涂层的性能，减少了79.3%的氮氧化物和56.1%的NH3滑移。稳定性图显示火焰锚定在宽等效比范围内（0.65-1.1），入口速度可达25米/秒。综合反应途径分析认为，65%的NOx来自燃料NO， 25%来自热NO， 10%来自促NO机制。在550-650 K的表面温度窗内，催化活性最有效。研究结果强调了在低碳能源系统中整合催化燃烧的可扩展途径，并为未来的实验验证奠定了基础。这项工作为向更清洁的燃烧技术过渡提供了实际的见解，特别是在氨辅助混合燃料的先进燃烧器，转化炉和工业加热应用。

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引用次数: 0

Catalytic conversion of eucalyptus pre-hydrolysis liquor-derived xylo-oligosaccharides to furfural using dual-acidic functionalized covalent organic frameworks 双酸功能化共价有机框架催化桉木预水解液衍生低聚木糖转化为糠醛

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108317

Peng Gan, Kai Zhang, Jingli Yang, Baobin Wang, Guihua Yang, Chengcheng Qiao, Lei Zhang, Jiachuan Chen

The application of biorefinery technologies to convert xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) from pulping process into biofuels or high-value chemicals holds significant potential for extending the value chain of the pulp and paper industry, while simultaneously promoting sustainability. In this study, a series of dual-acid functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) were synthesized to catalyze the one-step liquid-phase conversion of XOS into furfural. The results indicated that TAPT-DHPA exhibited exceptional catalytic activity, achieving a furfural yield of 78.6 % at 180 °C for 3 h with 0.16 wt% catalyst. Furthermore, TAPT-DHPA demonstrated excellent stability, maintaining a furfural yield above 77 % after six reuse cycles. Bader charge analysis via VASP software revealed the presence of both Brønsted and Lewis acid active sites in TAPT-DHPA, arising from the ionization of hydrogen in phenolic hydroxyl groups and the strong electron-withdrawing nature of the triazine ring, respectively. These characteristics are key factors in TAPT-DHPA's superior catalytic performance. Density functional theory calculations confirmed that the most favorable pathway for furfural production involves a cyclic anhydride intermediate, with the rate-limiting step being the initial dehydration of D-xylose triggered by proton attack on the 2-OH group. The addition of TAPT-DHPA reduced the activation energy of this rate-limiting step by 54.43 %.

应用生物炼制技术将低聚木糖（XOS）从制浆过程转化为生物燃料或高价值化学品，对于扩大纸浆和造纸工业的价值链具有巨大潜力，同时促进可持续性。本研究合成了一系列双酸功能化共价有机框架（COFs），催化XOS一步液相转化为糠醛。结果表明，TAPT-DHPA具有良好的催化活性，在0.16 wt%的催化剂作用下，180°C反应3 h，糠醛收率为78.6%。此外，TAPT-DHPA表现出优异的稳定性，在重复使用6次后，糠醛收率保持在77%以上。通过VASP软件进行的Bader电荷分析显示，在tpt - dhpa中存在Brønsted和Lewis酸活性位点，它们分别是由酚羟基上氢的电离和三嗪环的强吸电子性质引起的。这些特性是tpt - dhpa具有优异催化性能的关键因素。密度泛函数理论计算证实，最有利的糠醛生产途径涉及环酸酐中间体，限速步骤是质子攻击2-OH基团引发d -木糖的初始脱水。TAPT-DHPA的加入使这一限速步骤的活化能降低了54.43%。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of the type of particle boards on the nitrogen fate during their pyrolysis and combustion 刨花板类型对其热解和燃烧过程中氮命运的影响

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108316

Thomas Bertus , Jérôme Lémonon , F. Javier Escudero Sanz , Sylvain Salvador

Particle boards, wastes made out of wood particles bonded with nitrogen-rich adhesives, produce high NOx emissions during combustion, requiring control in biomass grate furnaces. However, the diversity of particle board feedstocks has often been overlooked, and the specific effects of different types have not been studied, despite accounting for over 10 % of the total volume.

This work analyzes nitrogen behavior during combustion of standard, moisture-resistant, and fire-retardant particle boards. The combustion process was investigated as a whole, but also by proceeding separately to pyrolysis and char oxidation experiments. Thermogravimetric analysis and experiments conducted in a cross-fired fixed bed reactor were performed under both air and inert (N2) atmospheres. The nitrogen content in various combustion products (incondensable gases, condensates, and residual solids) was quantified to assess the impact of chemical treatments on nitrogen fate.

Results showed that standard and moisture-resistant particle boards showed comparable combustion behaviors. Notable differences emerged during the combustion of fire-retardant particle boards, likely due to the influence of fire-retardant agents. In these cases, a slower heating rate within the bed and reduced hydrogen cyanide (HCN) emissions were observed compared to the other two types. Across all experiments, most of the nitrogen released was found in condensates

刨花板是由木材颗粒与富氮粘合剂粘合而成的废物，在燃烧过程中产生大量的氮氧化物排放，需要在生物质炉排炉中进行控制。然而，刨花板原料的多样性经常被忽视，尽管占总量的10%以上，但不同类型的具体效果尚未得到研究。本文分析了标准、防潮和阻燃刨花板燃烧过程中氮的行为。燃烧过程作为一个整体进行了研究，但也分别进行了热解和炭氧化实验。在空气和惰性（N2）气氛下，在交叉燃烧固定床反应器中进行了热重分析和实验。对各种燃烧产物（不凝性气体、冷凝物和残余固体）中的氮含量进行了量化，以评估化学处理对氮命运的影响。结果表明，标准刨花板和防潮刨花板的燃烧性能相当。阻燃刨花板在燃烧过程中出现了明显的差异，这可能是由于阻燃剂的影响。在这些情况下，与其他两种类型相比，观察到床层内加热速率较慢，氰化氢（HCN）排放量减少。在所有的实验中，大多数释放的氮都是在凝析油中发现的

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引用次数: 0

Upcycling Waste to Wealth: CuO-SiO₂/reduced graphene nanocomposite from pomegranate peels for one-pot low-temperature conversion of waste oils into valuable fatty acid monomers 将废物转化为财富：将石榴皮中的cuo - sio2 /还原石墨烯纳米复合材料用于一锅低温将废油转化为有价值的脂肪酸单体

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108314

Shahenda Mahran , Maria Centeno , Attia Attia , Basudeb Saha

The utilisation of heterogeneous catalysts in producing fatty acid monomers can minimise the separation cost and hence reduce the price of the fatty acid monomers. This study reports for the first time a novel, environmentally benign, highly active copper oxide-silica oxide/reduced graphene oxide (CuO-SiO₂/RGO), heterogeneous nano-catalyst derived from waste pomegranate peels, for the one-pot, low-temperature synthesis of fatty acid monomers from high-acid-value waste vegetable oil (WVO). The synthesised nano-catalyst was extensively characterised using XRD, FT-IR, TEM, SEM, EDX and TGA-DTA. Further, it was utilised to synthesise fatty acid-rich oleic phenoxypropyl acrylate (OPA) monomer from high acid value WVO via a single-step reaction. The process parameters for the synthesis of OPA monomer using CuO-SiO₂/RGO catalyst have been optimised using response surface methodology (RSM) and found to be 8.5:1 reactant molar ratio, 3.5 % (w/w) catalyst loading, 54 °C temperature, and 9.5 h reaction time, where the highest OPA monomer yield was 95.73 % under optimum conditions. The CuO-SiO₂/RGO exhibited stable catalytic performance after regeneration with an OPA yield of 93.1 ± 0.37 % after five consecutive runs. The plausible reaction mechanism unveiled that the direct synthesis of OPA monomer from high acid value WVO occurred through both transesterification and esterification reactions simultaneously on the surface of CuO and SiO2 catalyst supported on RGO sheets. The adaptation of waste pomegranate peels into a high-value CuO-SiO₂/RGO nano-catalyst offers a new direction for clean, one-pot and low-temperature production of sustainable fatty acid monomers from high-acid-value WVO.

利用多相催化剂生产脂肪酸单体可以最大限度地降低分离成本，从而降低脂肪酸单体的价格。本研究首次报道了一种新型的、环保的、高活性的氧化铜-氧化二氧化硅/还原氧化石墨烯（CuO-SiO2/RGO）纳米催化剂，该催化剂来源于废石榴皮，用于一锅低温合成高酸值废植物油（WVO）脂肪酸单体。采用XRD、FT-IR、TEM、SEM、EDX和TGA-DTA对合成的纳米催化剂进行了表征。进一步以高酸值WVO为原料，通过一步反应合成了富脂肪酸油基苯氧丙酯（OPA）单体。采用响应面法（RSM）对CuO-SiO2/RGO催化剂合成OPA单体的工艺参数进行了优化，优化后的工艺参数为8.5:1反应物摩尔比、3.5% （w/w）催化剂负载、54℃温度、9.5 h反应时间，在此条件下，OPA单体收率最高可达95.73%。再生后的CuO-SiO2/RGO具有稳定的催化性能，连续运行5次后，OPA产率为93.1±0.37%。反应机理表明，高酸值WVO在还原氧化石墨烯片上负载CuO和SiO2催化剂表面同时发生酯交换和酯化反应，直接合成OPA单体。将石榴废皮改造成高值CuO-SiO2/RGO纳米催化剂，为高酸值WVO清洁、一锅、低温生产可持续脂肪酸单体提供了新的方向。

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