Fuel Processing Technology最新文献_第5页

Regenerative HMFI@Zeolite fixed-bed column for the treatment of petroleum-produced water: An examination of operational conditions and quantum chemical interaction mechanisms 再生式HMFI@Zeolite石油采出水处理固定床柱：操作条件和量子化学相互作用机制的检验

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108365

Lorenzo da Silva Migliorin , Suliman Yousef Alomar , Yasmin Vieira , Glaydson Simões dos Reis , Sergio Luiz Jahn , Edson Luiz Foletto , Guilherme Luiz Dotto

A key challenge in fixed-bed adsorption systems is balancing high contaminant removal with long-term stability and a mechanistic understanding at the molecular level. This work demonstrates that a hierarchical MFI-type zeolite (HMFI@Z), when used in a regenerative fixed-bed column, efficiently removes cyclohexane carboxylic acid (ACHC) from petroleum-produced water under realistic conditions. Operational optimization revealed that higher feed concentrations and flow rates accelerated breakthrough and column exhaustion, with a maximum uptake of 3.44 mg g⁻¹ under 35 mg L⁻¹ and 10 mL min⁻¹. Validation with real effluent yielded a removal efficiency of 58.15 %, breakthrough at 10 min, and complete saturation at 80 min. Dynamic models showed excellent agreement with experimental data, supporting the scalability of the process. The adsorbent maintained over 80 % adsorption capacity across 17 recycles, underscoring its long-term reusability. High performance was attributed to the material's surface acidity, hierarchical porosity, and stable electronic features. Quantum chemical calculations revealed that deprotonated HMFI@Z surfaces — particularly O⁻ sites — act as the most reactive centers for ACHC binding. Key electronic descriptors corroborated the experimentally observed interactions and regeneration behavior. Two main interaction pathways were identified: (i) hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions dominating initial adsorption, and (ii) electron donor–acceptor mechanisms contributing to retention and stability. These results advance fundamental understanding of interaction mechanisms in zeolitic adsorption systems and highlight HMFI@Z as a recyclable, robust material for treating petroleum-derived effluents.

固定床吸附系统的一个关键挑战是平衡高污染物去除与长期稳定性和分子水平上的机制理解。这项工作证明，当在再生固定床柱中使用层次化mfi型沸石（HMFI@Z）时，在实际条件下可以有效地从采出水中去除环己烷羧酸（ACHC）。操作优化表明，较高的进料浓度和流速加速了突破和柱衰竭，在35 mg L−1和10 mL min−1条件下，最大吸收率为3.44 mg g−1。实际出水验证的去除效率为58.15%，在10分钟内突破，在80分钟内完全饱和。动态模型与实验数据吻合良好，支持了该工艺的可扩展性。该吸附剂在17次循环中保持了80%以上的吸附容量，强调了其长期可重复使用性。高性能归功于材料的表面酸度，分层孔隙率和稳定的电子特性。量子化学计算表明，去质子化HMFI@Z表面-特别是O -位点-是ACHC结合最活跃的中心。关键的电子描述证实了实验观察到的相互作用和再生行为。确定了两种主要的相互作用途径：(i)氢键和静电相互作用主导了初始吸附，以及（ii）电子供体-受体机制有助于保留和稳定性。这些结果促进了对沸石吸附系统中相互作用机制的基本理解，并强调HMFI@Z是一种可回收的、坚固的处理石油衍生废水的材料。

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引用次数: 0

Inorganic matter partitioning in boilers with grate burners and rated output below 25 kW: Ash type and particle forming elements 额定功率低于25kw的篦式燃烧器锅炉中的无机物分配：灰分类型和颗粒形成元素

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108368

Jakub Lachman, Marek Baláš, Martin Lisý, Tereza Zlevorová, Hana Lisá

The inorganic matter of solid biofuels can be categorized into three different ash types: type-S (Si, Al, Fe, Ti), type-K (K, Na, P, Cl, S) and type-C (Ca, Mg, Mn). A total of 9 different biofuels (3 for each ash type) has been analyzed and then combusted in a 25 kW grate fired boiler. Emission factors and partitioning of typical particle forming elements (Ca, K, Na, P and Zn) were determined and show a strong correlation (R² = 0.88) with their content in the feedstock. Additionally, gaseous emissions, particle size distribution and emission factors of other major and trace elements were also established. The total ash content of the tested biofuels varied from 0.4 % for spruce up to 32.9 % for paper, however most fuels contained between 5 and 10 %. The emission factors show that the most prevalent element in the flue gas was K (generally contributing over 25 % to total particulate emissions). The release of K into the flue gas varied, with type-K fuels reaching values over 10 %, while type-S fuels only around 6 %, most likely due to the formation of refractory aluminosilicate phases. Moreover, with growing K release, the particle size distribution gradually shifted from 0.14 up to 0.59 μm.

固体生物燃料的无机物可分为三种不同的灰分类型：S型（Si, Al, Fe, Ti）， K型（K, Na， P, Cl， S）和c型（Ca, Mg, Mn）。总共分析了9种不同的生物燃料（每种灰类型3种），然后在25千瓦的炉排燃烧锅炉中燃烧。对典型颗粒形成元素（Ca、K、Na、P和Zn）的发射因子和分配进行了测定，发现它们与原料中Ca、K、Na、P和Zn的含量有很强的相关性（R2 = 0.88）。此外，还建立了其他主要元素和微量元素的气体排放、粒度分布和排放因子。测试生物燃料的总灰分含量从云杉的0.4%到纸张的32.9%不等，但大多数燃料的灰分含量在5%到10%之间。排放因子表明，烟气中最普遍的元素是K（通常占颗粒物排放总量的25%以上）。释放到烟气中的K含量各不相同，K型燃料达到10%以上，而s型燃料只有6%左右，很可能是由于难熔铝硅酸盐相的形成。随着K释放量的增加，粒径分布由0.14 μm逐渐增大到0.59 μm。

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引用次数: 0

The degradation mechanism analysis of alkali metal adsorption-induced coke 碱金属吸附诱导焦炭的降解机理分析

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108366

Yingjie Fan , Hao Wu , Tao Rong , Wenguo Liu , Huafang Yu , Jingsong Wang , Qingguo Xue , Mingyong Wang , Haibin Zuo

Coke, as the core skeletal material, plays an irreplaceable role in blast furnace ironmaking; however, the structural degradation mechanisms under alkali metal (K/Na) adsorption conditions remain controversial. This study systematically reveals the deterioration mechanism of alkali-induced coke through adsorption experiments conducted in simulated blast furnace conditions, combined with multi-scale characterization techniques (ICP, XRD, CT, Raman, FTIR, SEM, and DFT). Results demonstrate that K induces more significant lattice distortion as its larger ionic radius, resulting in a 14.6 % reduction in crystallite size. Alkali metals adsorption increases porosity by 15 %, and K dominates the formation of medium/large pores through fragmentation of high-density matrices, whereas Na primarily enhances surface roughness. The catalytic effects accelerate sp³ → sp² transformation, promoting aromatization and hydroxyl network formation while inhibiting small carbon molecule restructuring. K shifts the p-band center upward by 2.24 eV through a strong charge transfer, reducing the energy barrier of CO₂ gasification by 34 %. This behavior of K exhibits significantly higher catalytic activity than Na. K and Na demonstrate a competitive pattern between K-priority adsorption and Na-dominated destruction without synergistic effects. These findings provide atomic-scale theoretical support for coke quality control and alkali hazard mitigation in modern high-coal-ratio blast furnaces.

焦炭作为核心骨架材料，在高炉炼铁中起着不可替代的作用；然而，在碱金属（K/Na）吸附条件下的结构降解机制仍存在争议。本研究通过模拟高炉条件下的吸附实验，结合ICP、XRD、CT、Raman、FTIR、SEM、DFT等多尺度表征技术，系统揭示了碱致焦炭的变质机理。结果表明，K离子半径越大，晶格畸变越明显，晶体尺寸减小14.6%。碱金属的吸附使孔隙率增加15%，K通过破碎高密度基质主导了中/大孔隙的形成，而Na主要增强了表面粗糙度。催化效应加速sp3→sp2转化，促进芳构化和羟基网络形成，抑制小碳分子重组。K通过强电荷转移使p带中心向上移动2.24 eV，使CO₂气化的能垒降低34%。K的这种行为表现出明显高于Na的催化活性。K和Na表现出K优先吸附和Na主导破坏的竞争模式，没有协同效应。研究结果为现代高煤比高炉焦炭质量控制和碱害缓解提供了原子尺度的理论支持。

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引用次数: 0

Techno-economic analysis of cogeneration systems based on internal-combustion engines fueled with syngas from biomass gasification 生物质气化合成气内燃机热电联产系统的技术经济分析

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108362

Pietropaolo Morrone , Giuseppe Basile , Diego Perrone , Alessia Anoja , Luigi Falbo , Angelo Algieri , Giuseppe Prenesti , Alessio Caravella

This study presents an energy and techno-economic analysis of a biomass-fired cogeneration system consisting of a 38 kWe internal combustion engine and a biomass gasifier. A numerical model is developed to characterize the gasifier-engine system. Detailed thermodynamic sub-models for the biomass gasification reactor and for the internal combustion engine are implemented. After validation, a comprehensive analysis of the CHP (Combined Heat and Power) performance parameters is carried out under various operating conditions. The optimal configurations are identified in terms of gasifier equivalent ratio, optimal engine spark ignition advance, overall energy performance, and Primary Energy Saving index. The techno-economic analysis includes three scenarios: the baseline, in which the costs are actualized on 2019, and additional two cases with +25 % and + 50 % of energy cost increases to account for the current world geopolitical situation and analyze the sensitivity of the obtained results to cost variation. Furthermore, two functioning strategies are considered: the ON strategy, in which the system operates continuously at nominal conditions, and the ON-OFF one, in which the system is switched off during low-demand periods. The former is found to be less economically convenient, whereas the latter is proven to be economically viable. The selected optimal configuration achieved a 22.33 % Primary Energy Saving index. Furthermore, the electric and thermal efficiency are 23 % and 63 %, respectively, reaching 86 % total efficiency. Finally, the discounted payback period ranges from 4.7 to 5.9 years across the three scenarios, maintaining economic viability despite rising energy costs. Overall, our investigation provides an efficient and greener solution to exploit energy production systems based on internal combustion, contributing to a more sustainable energy transition to carbon-free technologies.

本研究提出了由38千瓦时内燃机和生物质气化炉组成的生物质热电联产系统的能源和技术经济分析。建立了气化炉-发动机系统的数值模型。实现了生物质气化反应器和内燃机的详细热力学子模型。验证后，对各种工况下的热电联产（CHP）性能参数进行了综合分析。从气化炉等效比、最佳发动机火花点火提前、总体能源性能和一次节能指标等方面确定了最优配置。技术经济分析包括三种情景：基线情景，其中成本在2019年实现，以及另外两种情景，能源成本增加+ 25%和+ 50%，以考虑当前的世界地缘政治形势，并分析获得的结果对成本变化的敏感性。此外，考虑了两种功能策略：ON策略，其中系统在标称条件下连续运行；ON- off策略，其中系统在低需求期间关闭。前者在经济上不太方便，而后者在经济上是可行的。所选择的优化配置实现了22.33%的一次节能指标。此外，电效率和热效率分别为23%和63%，总效率达到86%。最后，在三种情况下，贴现回收期从4.7年到5.9年不等，在能源成本上升的情况下保持经济可行性。总的来说，我们的研究为利用基于内燃的能源生产系统提供了一种高效、绿色的解决方案，有助于向无碳技术的更可持续的能源转型。

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引用次数: 0

Chemical characterization of mixed plastic pyrolysis oils relevant for cracker reintegration by advanced two-dimensional gas chromatography 用先进的二维气相色谱法对裂解裂解相关的混合塑料热解油进行化学表征

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108359

Niklas Netsch, Luca Weigel, Tim Schmedding, Michael Zeller, Britta Bergfeldt, Grazyna Straczewski, Salar Tavakkol, Dieter Stapf

Pyrolysis oils are the crucial link between waste and chemicals in plastic recycling via pyrolysis. Oils from mixed plastic waste pyrolysis are complex mixtures of organic compounds typically containing impurities of nitrogen, oxygen, and chlorine. Therefore, their characterization is challenging. This study presents a tailored two-dimensional gas chromatography method supporting in-depth analysis of the chemical composition. It covers a boiling range from the naphtha cut to the middle distillate. These fractions represent the preferred feedstocks to be substituted by plastic pyrolysis oils in the future. The oil characterization is complemented by elemental analyses, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and simulated distillation. The enhanced separation by two-dimensional chromatography results in significantly higher resolution than conventional one-dimensional methods. The most relevant oil compounds can be clustered, distinguished, and quantified based on compound grouping. Depending on the boiling range of the pyrolysis oils, 77 wt% to 96 wt% of the sample composition can be elucidated. Detecting main heteroatom-containing species such as benzoic acid, ε-caprolactam, acetophenone, and various aromatic nitriles provides detailed information for further pyrolysis oil utilization. The combination of the developed method with common analyses offers an advanced approach to evaluate the reintegration of contaminated mixed plastics oils into existing petrochemical value chains.

热解油是塑料热解回收过程中废物和化学品之间的关键环节。混合塑料废物热解产生的油是有机化合物的复杂混合物，通常含有氮、氧和氯的杂质。因此，他们的特征是具有挑战性的。本研究提出了一种定制的二维气相色谱法，支持对化学成分进行深入分析。它涵盖了从石脑油切割到中间馏分的沸腾范围。这些馏分代表了未来塑料热解油替代的首选原料。通过元素分析、核磁共振波谱和模拟蒸馏来补充油的表征。与传统的一维色谱法相比，二维色谱法的分离效果显著提高。基于化合物分组，可以对最相关的油类化合物进行聚类、区分和量化。根据热解油的沸腾范围，77%至96%的样品组成可以被阐明。检测主要含杂原子物质苯甲酸、ε-己内酰胺、苯乙酮和各种芳香族腈，为进一步热解油的利用提供了详细的信息。将开发的方法与常规分析相结合，提供了一种先进的方法来评估受污染的混合塑料油在现有石化价值链中的重新整合。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to ‘Influence of fuel formulation on exhaust emissions from gasoline direct injection vehicle’ [Fuel Processing Technology, Volume 272, July 2025, 108215] “燃料配方对汽油直喷汽车废气排放的影响”的勘误表[燃料处理技术，第272卷，2025年7月，108215]

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108361

Tawfiq Al Wasif-Ruiz , Paloma Álvarez-Mateos , José Alberto Sánchez-Martín , María Guirado , Carmen Cecilia Barrios-Sánchez

引用次数: 0

Numerical analysis-based evaluation of combustion and gasification characteristics of pulverized coal and coke in the raceway region 基于数值分析的煤粉和焦炭在滚道区的燃烧和气化特性评价

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108360

Hiroki Umetsu , Kenji Tanno , Toshiaki Fukada , Satoshi Umemoto , Kazuki Tainaka , Atsushi Ikeda , Kota Moriya , Akinori Murao , Hiroaki Watanabe

Steelmaking is essential to modern society but remains a major CO₂ emitter. To mitigate this, technologies like hydrogen-based steelmaking and alternative reducing agents are being explored. Injecting coke oven gas (COG) into blast furnaces offers a promising way to reduce CO₂ emissions and affects combustion behavior in the raceway. However, the impact of simultaneous COG and pulverized coal injection remains unclear due to complex in-furnace phenomena. This study develops a three-dimensional numerical model using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to simulate reacting two-phase flow in the raceway under varying COG injection rates. The model is validated against data from a tuyere combustion simulator, confirming its accuracy in capturing combustion and gasification of pulverized coal and coke. Simulations show that COG injection affects gas concentration, reaction zones, and temperature profiles. While COG promotes overall reaction rates, it alters oxygen distribution, influencing coal burnout. The study also reveals that the frequency of coal-coke collisions impacts coke consumption and coal's carbon conversion rate. Furthermore, it clarifies how COG modifies the proportions of gases reacting with coal and coke, offering insights for optimizing combustion in blast furnaces.

炼钢对现代社会至关重要，但仍然是主要的二氧化碳排放源。为了缓解这种情况，人们正在探索氢基炼钢和替代还原剂等技术。向高炉注入焦炉煤气（COG）是一种很有前途的方法，可以减少二氧化碳排放，并影响回旋道的燃烧行为。然而，由于炉内现象复杂，COG和喷煤粉同时产生的影响尚不清楚。本文采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法建立了一个三维数值模型，模拟了不同COG喷射速率下滚道内的反应两相流动。该模型与一个风口燃烧模拟器的数据进行了验证，证实了其在捕获煤粉和焦炭的燃烧和气化方面的准确性。模拟结果表明，注入COG会影响气体浓度、反应区和温度分布。煤焦在提高总反应速率的同时，改变了氧的分布，影响了煤的燃尽。研究还揭示了煤焦碰撞频率对焦炭消耗量和煤碳转化率的影响。此外，它阐明了COG如何改变与煤和焦炭反应的气体比例，为优化高炉燃烧提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated environmental and techno-economic assessment for membrane-based gas-to-liquid process to green flare gas valorisation 膜基气液制程到绿色火炬气增值的综合环境与技术经济评价

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108357

Kamran Ghasemzadeh , Mostafa Jafari , Yash Bansod , Vincenzo Spallina , Maria-Chiara Ferrari , Adolfo Iulianelli

This study provides a detailed techno-economic and environmental analysis of the Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) conversion process, comparing an innovative membrane-based design with the traditional GTL process. Both designs were validated through comprehensive simulations, with mass and energy balances aligned with literature data. Due to economic and environmental factors, the membrane-based design was iteratively refined to develop an efficient GTL configuration. Using an integrated environmental-economic algorithm, lifecycle assessment and economic analysis were conducted simultaneously. Results indicate that the total capital investment for the membrane-based design, approximately $1941 million, is 26 % lower than the conventional design, which costs $2616 million. Production costs in the membrane-based design decreased by about 10 %, reaching $1298 per ton compared to $1503 per ton for the conventional design. Additionally, the payback period and internal rate of return improved by 47 % and 86 %, respectively. Environmentally, the membrane-based design reduced the total carbon footprint by 14 % (from 41.20 to 20.83 tons of CO₂ per hour) and water footprint by 13 %. Other environmental impacts include reductions in acidification potential (19.4 %), eutrophication potential (19.6 %), ozone depletion potential (51.3 %), photochemical ozone creation potential (17.4 %), and human toxicity potential (22.3 %). Sensitivity analysis identified a flare gas flow rate of 138 kg per unit performance as the optimal balance between carbon footprint and payback period. This study demonstrates the superiority of the membrane-based design in maximizing the value of flare gas, offering an innovative solution for GTL processes.

本研究对气转液（GTL）转化过程进行了详细的技术经济和环境分析，并将基于膜的创新设计与传统的GTL工艺进行了比较。两种设计都通过综合模拟验证，质量和能量平衡与文献数据一致。由于经济和环境因素，基于膜的设计不断改进，以开发高效的GTL配置。采用综合环境经济算法，将生命周期评价与经济分析同步进行。结果表明，膜基设计的总投资约为4.1亿美元，比传统设计的2.616亿美元低26%。与传统设计的每吨1503美元相比，膜基设计的生产成本降低了约10%，达到每吨1298美元。此外，投资回收期和内部收益率分别提高了47%和86%。在环境方面，基于膜的设计将总碳足迹减少了14%（从每小时41.20吨二氧化碳减少到20.83吨），水足迹减少了13%。其他环境影响包括酸化潜力（19.4%）、富营养化潜力（19.6%）、臭氧消耗潜力（51.3%）、光化学臭氧产生潜力（17.4%）和人类毒性潜力（22.3%）的减少。灵敏度分析发现，每单位性能的火炬气流量为138 kg，是碳足迹和投资回收期之间的最佳平衡。该研究证明了基于膜的设计在最大化火炬气价值方面的优势，为GTL工艺提供了一种创新的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Unraveling alkyl-substituted sulfur-containing compound reactivity in hydrodesulfurization via multidimensional mass spectrometry and computational modeling 多维质谱和计算模型揭示烷基取代含硫化合物在加氢脱硫中的反应性

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108354

Chenglong Dong , Qingqing Xie , Jikun Liu , Haodong Wang , Jinsen Gao , Chunming Xu , Yehua Han

Understanding the structural determinants of sulfur compound reactivity during hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is critical for optimizing catalyst design and deep desulfurization processes. This study integrates ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), and theoretical calculations to unravel the molecular transformations of alkyl-substituted benzothiophenes (BTs) and dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) in petroleum. UHRMS provided precise molecular formulas, while IMS resolved isomeric diversity, quantified via full width at half maximum (FWHM) analysis. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) differentiated long- and short-chain alkyl substitution patterns, and experimental collision cross-section (CCS) measurements were validated against theoretical calculations to confirm structural identities. Post-HDS analysis revealed reduced molecular diversity in DBTs (DBE = 9), indicating preferential reactivity of dominant isomers, whereas BTs (DBE = 6) exhibited increased isomer diversity and decreased average CCS, suggesting selective retention of compact, multi-short-alkyl-substituted isomers. Theoretical modeling further demonstrated that sulfur compounds with multiple short alkyl chains exhibit lower HDS reactivity, likely due to steric hindrance or thermodynamic stability. These findings highlight the critical role of alkyl substitution patterns in governing sulfur compound reactivity, providing molecular-level insights into structure-activity relationships. The methodology and results advance the rational design of HDS catalysts and process parameters, targeting recalcitrant sulfur species for efficient deep desulfurization in petroleum refining.

了解加氢脱硫（HDS）过程中硫化合物反应性的结构决定因素对于优化催化剂设计和深度脱硫工艺至关重要。本研究结合超高分辨率质谱（UHRMS）、离子迁移谱（IMS）和理论计算，揭示了石油中烷基取代苯并噻吩（BTs）和二苯并噻吩（DBTs）的分子转化。UHRMS提供了精确的分子式，而IMS通过全宽度半最大值（FWHM）分析来解决异构多样性问题。碰撞诱导解离（CID）区分了长链和短链烷基取代模式，实验碰撞截面（CCS）测量结果与理论计算进行了验证，以确认结构身份。后hds分析显示，dbt （DBE = 9）的分子多样性降低，表明优势异构体具有优先反应性，而BTs （DBE = 6）的异构体多样性增加，平均CCS降低，表明紧凑的多短烷基取代异构体选择性保留。理论模型进一步表明，具有多个短烷基链的硫化合物表现出较低的HDS反应活性，可能是由于位阻或热力学稳定性。这些发现强调了烷基取代模式在控制硫化合物反应性中的关键作用，为结构-活性关系提供了分子水平的见解。该方法和结果为石油炼制中以难降解硫为目标的HDS催化剂和工艺参数的合理设计提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

Performance evaluation of a novel two-stage waste wood gasifier: Influence of steam-to-biomass ratio and in-situ steam generation on tar formation 新型两级废木材气化炉的性能评价：蒸汽与生物质比和原位蒸汽生成对焦油形成的影响

IF 7.7 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108358

M. Kresta , D. Weilguni , J. Keifenheim , J. Krüger , R. Salchner , A. Hofmann , C. Pfeifer

The shift from high-quality woodchips to low-quality feedstocks increasingly shapes biomass gasification. Small- to medium-scale plants face challenges from heterogeneous feedstock and tar formation, with a research gap in producing energetically useable product gas without extensive cleaning. This study investigates gasification of different waste wood fractions in a two-stage process using a novel bubbling fluidised bed reactor without bed material. Two steam generation strategies were applied: steam-saturated air and direct water injection. Combining secondary air with steam-saturated primary air improved temperature control, reduced slagging, and ensured stable thermal stratification across feed rates. While raising the steam-to-biomass ratio did not significantly enhance efficiency, it strongly reduced tar: PAH16 and BTX decreased by up to 85 % and 65 %. Gas composition showed slight increases in H₂ and CH₄, a decrease in CO, and stable values for heating value, gas yield, and conversion efficiency. The product gas exhibited an LHV of 3.7-4.2 MJNm⁻³, gas yields of 1.9-2.8 Nm³kg⁻¹, and cold gas efficiencies of 52.5-57.8 %, comparable to values reported for high-quality woodchips. Total tar concentrations remained low (0.92-2.8 gNm⁻³), demonstrating that autothermal operation with controlled secondary air and steam-saturated primary air provides both efficient energy recovery and effective tar reduction, even for low-quality feedstocks.

从高质量木片到低质量原料的转变日益影响着生物质气化。中小型工厂面临着来自异质原料和焦油形成的挑战，在不进行大量清洗的情况下生产能量可用的产品气体方面存在研究空白。本研究采用一种新型鼓泡流化床反应器，研究了不同废木材馏分在两阶段的气化过程。采用饱和蒸汽和直接注水两种蒸汽发生策略。将二次风与蒸汽饱和的一次风相结合，改善了温度控制，减少了结渣，并确保了整个进料速率的稳定热分层。虽然提高蒸汽与生物质的比例并没有显著提高效率，但它强烈地降低了焦油：PAH16和BTX分别降低了85%和65%。气体组成中H2和CH4略有增加，CO减少，热值、产气量和转化效率趋于稳定。产品气的LHV为3.7-4.2 MJNm - 3，气产率为1.9-2.8 Nm3kg - 1，冷气效率为52.5- 57.8%，与高质量木片的报道值相当。总焦油浓度保持在较低水平（0.92-2.8 gNm−3），表明控制二次空气和蒸汽饱和一次空气的自热操作既能有效地回收能量，又能有效地减少焦油，即使对低质量的原料也是如此。

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