Pub Date : 2025-04-21DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108218
Min-Gyeong Bae , Yeol-Lim Lee , Hak-Min Kim , Ji-Won Son , Beom-Su Cheon , Dae-Woon Jeong
In response to global efforts to address plastic pollution, pyrolysis of waste plastics offers a sustainable pathway for chemical recycling and clean hydrogen production. This study focuses on the steam reforming of dodecane, a key component of light oil derived from plastic pyrolysis, to produce hydrogen. Nickel-based catalysts supported on Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 (Ni-CeZrO2) with varying Ni loadings (1, 3, 5, and 10 wt%) were synthesized using a co-precipitation method and characterized by various characterization techniques. The catalytic performance was evaluated under steam reforming conditions at 750 °C. Among the prepared catalysts, 5 wt% Ni-CeZrO2 exhibited the highest hydrogen yield and dodecane conversion due to its optimal balance of Ni0 active sites, oxygen storage capacity, and strong metal-support interaction. The 10 wt% Ni-CeZrO2 catalyst showed higher initial activity but suffered rapid deactivation due to excessive carbon formation, while lower Ni loadings (1 and 3 wt%) showed insufficient active sites for effective reforming. The results indicate that 5 wt% Ni-CeZrO2 is the optimal loading amount for the steam reforming of dodecane, providing a balance between high activity and long-term stability.
{"title":"Optimization of Ni loading amount in Ni-CeZrO2 catalyst for dodecane steam reforming for the upcycling of plastic pyrolysis oil","authors":"Min-Gyeong Bae , Yeol-Lim Lee , Hak-Min Kim , Ji-Won Son , Beom-Su Cheon , Dae-Woon Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to global efforts to address plastic pollution, pyrolysis of waste plastics offers a sustainable pathway for chemical recycling and clean hydrogen production. This study focuses on the steam reforming of dodecane, a key component of light oil derived from plastic pyrolysis, to produce hydrogen. Nickel-based catalysts supported on Ce<sub>0.8</sub>Zr<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (Ni-CeZrO<sub>2</sub>) with varying Ni loadings (1, 3, 5, and 10 wt%) were synthesized using a co-precipitation method and characterized by various characterization techniques. The catalytic performance was evaluated under steam reforming conditions at 750 °C. Among the prepared catalysts, 5 wt% Ni-CeZrO<sub>2</sub> exhibited the highest hydrogen yield and dodecane conversion due to its optimal balance of Ni<sup>0</sup> active sites, oxygen storage capacity, and strong metal-support interaction. The 10 wt% Ni-CeZrO<sub>2</sub> catalyst showed higher initial activity but suffered rapid deactivation due to excessive carbon formation, while lower Ni loadings (1 and 3 wt%) showed insufficient active sites for effective reforming. The results indicate that 5 wt% Ni-CeZrO<sub>2</sub> is the optimal loading amount for the steam reforming of dodecane, providing a balance between high activity and long-term stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 108218"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-19DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108219
Huijiang Wang , Yang Bai , Zhe Kang , Yanfei Li
Hydrogen-fueled argon power cycle (H2-APC) is a novel power system with high efficiency and zero emission by utilizing argon/oxygen mixture with high specific heat ratio as the working fluids. However, H2-APC engines suffer from the challenge of knock suppression. Direct water injection (DWI) is an effective method to inhibit detonation. Spray morphology has a significant impact on the effectiveness of DWI and the study of spray characteristics in hydrogen/oxygen/argon premixed combustion atmosphere is critical. Based on a three-dimensional computational model built by the test bench data, this paper explores the DWI characteristics within hydrogen/oxygen/argon premixed combustion atmosphere and the effect of DWI on the combustion process. The results show that as the ambient temperature increases, the ambient density decreases and the SMD enlarges. The difference in spray morphology is small in the high-temperature and high-pressure environments after combustion. As the ambient pressure elevates, both the jet SMD and penetration reduce, and the evaporated mass improves. In addition, the majority of the water spray in contact with flame will evaporate rapidly due to the high temperature. Some of the liquid water on the outside of spray will evaporate owing to the heat, while the remaining portion will crack into OH reactive groups. The results can serve as an effective guide for the high efficiency operation scheme of H2-APC engines.
{"title":"Numerical investigation on high temperature direct water injection characteristics within hydrogen/oxygen/argon premixed combustion process","authors":"Huijiang Wang , Yang Bai , Zhe Kang , Yanfei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen-fueled argon power cycle (H<sub>2</sub>-APC) is a novel power system with high efficiency and zero emission by utilizing argon/oxygen mixture with high specific heat ratio as the working fluids. However, H<sub>2</sub>-APC engines suffer from the challenge of knock suppression. Direct water injection (DWI) is an effective method to inhibit detonation. Spray morphology has a significant impact on the effectiveness of DWI and the study of spray characteristics in hydrogen/oxygen/argon premixed combustion atmosphere is critical. Based on a three-dimensional computational model built by the test bench data, this paper explores the DWI characteristics within hydrogen/oxygen/argon premixed combustion atmosphere and the effect of DWI on the combustion process. The results show that as the ambient temperature increases, the ambient density decreases and the SMD enlarges. The difference in spray morphology is small in the high-temperature and high-pressure environments after combustion. As the ambient pressure elevates, both the jet SMD and penetration reduce, and the evaporated mass improves. In addition, the majority of the water spray in contact with flame will evaporate rapidly due to the high temperature. Some of the liquid water on the outside of spray will evaporate owing to the heat, while the remaining portion will crack into OH reactive groups. The results can serve as an effective guide for the high efficiency operation scheme of H<sub>2</sub>-APC engines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 108219"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108217
Wei Zhang , Jiangnan Xiang , Yuting Wang , Mengxi Ma , Yan Wang , Bo Qin , Weijiong Dai , Binbin Fan , Jiajun Zheng , Ruifeng Li
In this paper, a one-dimensional ten-membered ring microporous molecular sieve ZSM-48 is employed as a model catalyst, with the number and positional distribution of acid sites in ZSM-48 molecular sieve adjusted by regulating the temperature of templating agent exfoliation. XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TG, NH3-TPD, N2 adsorption-desorption, and the zero-length column (ZLC) method are used for characterization and analysis. The decrease in the distribution depth of acid sites within the microporous channels of ZSM-48 will not only significantly affects the hydroisomerization performance of n-dodecane (resulting in a final yield of isododecane of more than 80 %) but also influences the yield ratio of multi-branched and mono-branched isomers. After the conversion is stabilized, the yield ratio of multi-branched to mono-branched isomers for Z-48-350 is 1.4 to 2.1 times higher than that for Z-48-550. Furthermore, acid site distribution depth profoundly influences reactant diffusion, with Z-48-120 exhibiting a 115 % higher effective diffusion constant than Z-48-550 at 140 °C. Shortening the distribution depth of acid sites in the micropores does not significantly change the product distribution of n-dodecane monomethyl isomers but markedly suppresses the cracking reaction due to reduced diffusion limitation of olefinic intermediates. This enables efficient and selective hydroisomerization of long-chain n-alkanes.
{"title":"Hydroisomerization of n-dodecane on ZSM-48 with acid distribution modulation for high diffusion performance","authors":"Wei Zhang , Jiangnan Xiang , Yuting Wang , Mengxi Ma , Yan Wang , Bo Qin , Weijiong Dai , Binbin Fan , Jiajun Zheng , Ruifeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a one-dimensional ten-membered ring microporous molecular sieve ZSM-48 is employed as a model catalyst, with the number and positional distribution of acid sites in ZSM-48 molecular sieve adjusted by regulating the temperature of templating agent exfoliation. XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TG, NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD, N<sub>2</sub> adsorption-desorption, and the zero-length column (ZLC) method are used for characterization and analysis. The decrease in the distribution depth of acid sites within the microporous channels of ZSM-48 will not only significantly affects the hydroisomerization performance of <em>n</em>-dodecane (resulting in a final yield of isododecane of more than 80 %) but also influences the yield ratio of multi-branched and mono-branched isomers. After the conversion is stabilized, the yield ratio of multi-branched to mono-branched isomers for Z-48-350 is 1.4 to 2.1 times higher than that for Z-48-550. Furthermore, acid site distribution depth profoundly influences reactant diffusion, with Z-48-120 exhibiting a 115 % higher effective diffusion constant than Z-48-550 at 140 °C. Shortening the distribution depth of acid sites in the micropores does not significantly change the product distribution of <em>n</em>-dodecane monomethyl isomers but markedly suppresses the cracking reaction due to reduced diffusion limitation of olefinic intermediates. This enables efficient and selective hydroisomerization of long-chain <em>n</em>-alkanes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 108217"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-15DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108216
Honghu Tang , Bingjian Liu , Xiongxing Zhang , Lijun Li , Zhenyue Zhang , Qingjun Guan
Germanium-bearing lignite was a crucial source for Ge extraction; however, existing methods focus on extracting Ge from lignite by-products, which overlooked its abundant organic matters. Effectively extracting valuable elements from lignite and fully utilizing its organic resources are still significant challenges. In this study, a novel processing of recovering Ge and synchronous extracting humic acids in germanium-bearing lignite via oxidation leaching was proposed. A Ge extraction recovery of 73.93 % was achieved using a L/S ratio of 10 and 5 % nitric acid at 90 °C for 30 min. The effects of nitric acid on the activation and depolymerization of lignite samples were also analyzed. The results demonstrated that HNO3 pretreatment significantly enhanced humic acid yield, increasing it from 28.73 % to 71.32 % in lignite. The mechanism of Ge oxidation leaching in lignite was investigated, which could be divided into four stages due to the migration and transformation behavior of germanium. In addition, a new technical route for the efficient and high recovery of strategic rare metals Ge and organic resources humic acid in lignite was proposed. The research establishes a foundation for the extraction of valuable metal elements and the efficient utilization of organic resources in lignite.
{"title":"Extraction of Ge and synchronous activation of humic acid in germanium bearing lignite via oxidation leaching","authors":"Honghu Tang , Bingjian Liu , Xiongxing Zhang , Lijun Li , Zhenyue Zhang , Qingjun Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Germanium-bearing lignite was a crucial source for Ge extraction; however, existing methods focus on extracting Ge from lignite by-products, which overlooked its abundant organic matters. Effectively extracting valuable elements from lignite and fully utilizing its organic resources are still significant challenges. In this study, a novel processing of recovering Ge and synchronous extracting humic acids in germanium-bearing lignite via oxidation leaching was proposed. A Ge extraction recovery of 73.93 % was achieved using a L/S ratio of 10 and 5 % nitric acid at 90 °C for 30 min. The effects of nitric acid on the activation and depolymerization of lignite samples were also analyzed. The results demonstrated that HNO<sub>3</sub> pretreatment significantly enhanced humic acid yield, increasing it from 28.73 % to 71.32 % in lignite. The mechanism of Ge oxidation leaching in lignite was investigated, which could be divided into four stages due to the migration and transformation behavior of germanium. In addition, a new technical route for the efficient and high recovery of strategic rare metals Ge and organic resources humic acid in lignite was proposed. The research establishes a foundation for the extraction of valuable metal elements and the efficient utilization of organic resources in lignite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 108216"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-06DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108215
Tawfiq Al Wasif-Ruiz , Paloma Álvarez-Mateos , José Alberto Sánchez-Martín , María Guirado , Carmen Cecilia Barrios-Sánchez
Fuel formulations are adjusted seasonally to optimize engine performance and emissions control. This study examines the impact of these changes on emissions from a Euro 6 vehicle during a real driving emissions cycle in Madrid, Spain. Keeping temperature constant, we compared winter and summer gasoline. Results show that using winter gasoline in summer increases nitrogen oxides emissions by 12.6 %, while in winter, it raises particulate emissions by 17.2 % compared to summer gasoline. Additionally, in a typical scenario—using summer gasoline in summer and winter gasoline in winter—particle emissions were 17.7 % higher with winter gasoline. These findings highlight the need to refine fuel formulations, as internal combustion engines will continue to coexist with electric and hybrid vehicles, especially in freight transport, agriculture, and rural mobility. Understanding how seasonal gasoline variations affect emissions is crucial for developing strategies to reduce environmental impact and improve air quality year-round.
{"title":"Influence of fuel formulation on exhaust emissions from gasoline direct injection vehicle","authors":"Tawfiq Al Wasif-Ruiz , Paloma Álvarez-Mateos , José Alberto Sánchez-Martín , María Guirado , Carmen Cecilia Barrios-Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fuel formulations are adjusted seasonally to optimize engine performance and emissions control. This study examines the impact of these changes on emissions from a Euro 6 vehicle during a real driving emissions cycle in Madrid, Spain. Keeping temperature constant, we compared winter and summer gasoline. Results show that using winter gasoline in summer increases nitrogen oxides emissions by 12.6 %, while in winter, it raises particulate emissions by 17.2 % compared to summer gasoline. Additionally, in a typical scenario—using summer gasoline in summer and winter gasoline in winter—particle emissions were 17.7 % higher with winter gasoline. These findings highlight the need to refine fuel formulations, as internal combustion engines will continue to coexist with electric and hybrid vehicles, especially in freight transport, agriculture, and rural mobility. Understanding how seasonal gasoline variations affect emissions is crucial for developing strategies to reduce environmental impact and improve air quality year-round.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 108215"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108214
Jingyang Han , Yan Xie , Jun Li , Xin Liu , Wenzhen Zhang , Heyang Wang
Ammonia (NH3) cofiring provides a promising solution to carbon reduction of coal-fired boilers, but it may lead to increased NOx emissions. However, many experiments observed that the NOx emissions exhibited an increase-then-decrease trend with the increase of NH3 cofiring ratio (RNH3), indicating that NOx could be controlled under high RNH3. To reveal the underlying mechanism, the experiments of NH3 cofiring with coal volatile were first conducted in a one-dimensional flow reactor to reveal that this trend is primarily attributed to the gaseous reactions of volatile and NH3. A chemical reactor network model was then constructed to investigate the influences of RNH3 on the NO reaction pathways of NH3. The predicted results replicated the increase and then decrease trend of NOx emissions as RNH3 increased beyond 25 %. It was found that NO formation is primarily controlled by the reactions between HNO/N and OH/H radicals. Under lower RNH3, the concentrations of HNO/N increase with the increase of RNH3 leading to increased NO formation. Under higher RNH3, however, much of the OH/H radicals are consumed by the dehydrogenation reactions of NH3 which consequently inhibits the NO formation reactions. Therefore, the root mechanism of the increase-then-decrease trend of NOx emissions is attributed to the competition for the OH/H radicals between the initial and final steps of the NO formation reaction pathway.
{"title":"Experimental and numerical studies on the NO reaction pathways of NH3 cofiring with coal volatile matter","authors":"Jingyang Han , Yan Xie , Jun Li , Xin Liu , Wenzhen Zhang , Heyang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>) cofiring provides a promising solution to carbon reduction of coal-fired boilers, but it may lead to increased NO<sub><em>x</em></sub> emissions. However, many experiments observed that the NO<sub><em>x</em></sub> emissions exhibited an increase-then-decrease trend with the increase of NH<sub>3</sub> cofiring ratio (<em>R</em><sub>NH3</sub>), indicating that NO<sub><em>x</em></sub> could be controlled under high <em>R</em><sub>NH3</sub>. To reveal the underlying mechanism, the experiments of NH<sub>3</sub> cofiring with coal volatile were first conducted in a one-dimensional flow reactor to reveal that this trend is primarily attributed to the gaseous reactions of volatile and NH<sub>3</sub>. A chemical reactor network model was then constructed to investigate the influences of <em>R</em><sub>NH3</sub> on the NO reaction pathways of NH<sub>3</sub>. The predicted results replicated the increase and then decrease trend of NO<sub><em>x</em></sub> emissions as <em>R</em><sub>NH3</sub> increased beyond 25 %. It was found that NO formation is primarily controlled by the reactions between HNO/N and OH/H radicals. Under lower <em>R</em><sub>NH3</sub>, the concentrations of HNO/N increase with the increase of <em>R</em><sub>NH3</sub> leading to increased NO formation. Under higher <em>R</em><sub>NH3</sub>, however, much of the OH/H radicals are consumed by the dehydrogenation reactions of NH<sub>3</sub> which consequently inhibits the NO formation reactions. Therefore, the root mechanism of the increase-then-decrease trend of NO<sub><em>x</em></sub> emissions is attributed to the competition for the OH/H radicals between the initial and final steps of the NO formation reaction pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 108214"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108213
Pengjin Chen , Meng Sui , Shuang Wang , Fashe Li
In order to achieve sustainable development of the ceramic industry, it is necessary to ensure the quality of product firing under the premise of energy saving and consumption reduction. This study presents the development of an oxygen-enriched pulse combustion test system for roller kilns, designed to regulate the flow of fuel and combustion gas at varying oxygen concentrations (21 %, 24 %, 27 %, and 30 %) using a continuous wave function. The pulse combustion tests, which involved multiple variations in amplitude and period, were complemented by simulations of the flow and temperature fields within the kiln using Ansys Fluent. The results demonstrated that the highest energy savings were achieved at an oxygen concentration of 30 %, with reductions of approximately 52 % and 36 % in energy consumption during the warming and constant temperature phases, respectively. Under conditions of low amplitude and long period (A = 30, T = 135), the temperature uniformity of the JFCC thermos block within the furnace was improved by 55 %. The pulsed combustion process was found to extend the diffusion period of the return vortex, thereby increasing the strength of the vortex ring and enhancing the churning capability of the kiln airflow. Oxygen-enriched pulse combustion facilitated the distribution of heat from localized high-temperature zones throughout the furnace by increasing the period and decreasing the amplitude, thereby reducing temperature stratification. This study effectively addresses the issue of uneven temperature distribution caused by oxygen-enriched combustion in roller kilns.
{"title":"Simulation and experimental research on uniform heating of roller-hearth furnace with oxygen-enriched pulse combustion","authors":"Pengjin Chen , Meng Sui , Shuang Wang , Fashe Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to achieve sustainable development of the ceramic industry, it is necessary to ensure the quality of product firing under the premise of energy saving and consumption reduction. This study presents the development of an oxygen-enriched pulse combustion test system for roller kilns, designed to regulate the flow of fuel and combustion gas at varying oxygen concentrations (21 %, 24 %, 27 %, and 30 %) using a continuous wave function. The pulse combustion tests, which involved multiple variations in amplitude and period, were complemented by simulations of the flow and temperature fields within the kiln using Ansys Fluent. The results demonstrated that the highest energy savings were achieved at an oxygen concentration of 30 %, with reductions of approximately 52 % and 36 % in energy consumption during the warming and constant temperature phases, respectively. Under conditions of low amplitude and long period (<em>A</em> = 30, <em>T</em> = 135), the temperature uniformity of the JFCC thermos block within the furnace was improved by 55 %. The pulsed combustion process was found to extend the diffusion period of the return vortex, thereby increasing the strength of the vortex ring and enhancing the churning capability of the kiln airflow. Oxygen-enriched pulse combustion facilitated the distribution of heat from localized high-temperature zones throughout the furnace by increasing the period and decreasing the amplitude, thereby reducing temperature stratification. This study effectively addresses the issue of uneven temperature distribution caused by oxygen-enriched combustion in roller kilns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 108213"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-26DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108212
Concetta Ruocco, Eugenio Meloni, Olga Muccioli, Vincenzo Palma
The recent limitations imposed by the maritime rule-making units have goaded the researcher's interest towards methanol applications as near-zero emission fuel. Methanol can be either directly fed to internal combustion engineering or sent to a pre-reforming unit for hydrogen generation and further conversion in fuel cells devices. In this scenario, the optimization of the reforming unit is crucial to achieve high hydrogen yields.
This study investigates the activity, selectivity and stability of different CeO2-Al2O3 supported catalysts for methanol steam reforming. Moreover, the kinetic parameters of the best performing catalyst were determined. Several mono-, bi- and trimetallic catalysts were prepared by the wet impregnation method (Ni, Cu, NiCu, CuNi, Zn-Ni-Cu, PtNi, PdNi, PtZn, PdZn, PdCu) and were preliminarily screened between 200 and 600 °C under a S/C ratio of 1.5 and WHSV = 2 h−1. Looking at methanol conversion and products selectivity, the lowest CO formation was recorded over the Cu-based catalysts: the addition of 2 wt% of palladium considerably improved both CH3OH conversion and hydrogen yield. The PdCu formulation, rarely investigated in the recent literature, appeared very promising and was also subjected to 40 h of time-on-stream test at 300 °C, observing only a 5 % reduction in terms of both conversion and H2 yield, which were attested to 95 and 88 %, respectively, at the end of the test. Moreover, a very low coke selectivity (1.5 wt%) was recorded, with relevant deactivation resistance. Finally, based on a simplified power-law kinetic model, the activation energies for methanol steam reforming (22 kJ·mol−1), methanol decomposition (71 kJ·mol−1) and water gas shift reaction (84 kJ·mol−1) were also developed, which further demonstrated the high activity of the developed catalyst towards MSR.
{"title":"Intensified methanol steam reforming over active and stable CeO2-Al2O3 supported catalysts","authors":"Concetta Ruocco, Eugenio Meloni, Olga Muccioli, Vincenzo Palma","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recent limitations imposed by the maritime rule-making units have goaded the researcher's interest towards methanol applications as near-zero emission fuel. Methanol can be either directly fed to internal combustion engineering or sent to a pre-reforming unit for hydrogen generation and further conversion in fuel cells devices. In this scenario, the optimization of the reforming unit is crucial to achieve high hydrogen yields.</div><div>This study investigates the activity, selectivity and stability of different CeO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> supported catalysts for methanol steam reforming. Moreover, the kinetic parameters of the best performing catalyst were determined. Several mono-, bi- and trimetallic catalysts were prepared by the wet impregnation method (Ni, Cu, Ni<img>Cu, Cu<img>Ni, Zn-Ni-Cu, Pt<img>Ni, Pd<img>Ni, Pt<img>Zn, Pd<img>Zn, Pd<img>Cu) and were preliminarily screened between 200 and 600 °C under a S/C ratio of 1.5 and WHSV = 2 h<sup>−1</sup>. Looking at methanol conversion and products selectivity, the lowest CO formation was recorded over the Cu-based catalysts: the addition of 2 wt% of palladium considerably improved both CH<sub>3</sub>OH conversion and hydrogen yield. The Pd<img>Cu formulation, rarely investigated in the recent literature, appeared very promising and was also subjected to 40 h of time-on-stream test at 300 °C, observing only a 5 % reduction in terms of both conversion and H<sub>2</sub> yield, which were attested to 95 and 88 %, respectively, at the end of the test. Moreover, a very low coke selectivity (1.5 wt%) was recorded, with relevant deactivation resistance. Finally, based on a simplified power-law kinetic model, the activation energies for methanol steam reforming (22 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>), methanol decomposition (71 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>) and water gas shift reaction (84 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>) were also developed, which further demonstrated the high activity of the developed catalyst towards MSR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 108212"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143706279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108210
Sherif Ishola Mustapha , Ifeanyi Michael Smarte Anekwe , Stephen Okiemute Akpasi , Kabiru Bab Muritala , Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh , Atuman Samaila Joel , Yusuf Makarfi Isa
Hydrogen is emerging as a promising and environmentally friendly fuel for the twenty-first century, primarily owing to its eco-friendly nature. The production of hydrogen from renewable biomass sources offers numerous advantages compared to traditional fossil fuel-based methods. Various techniques are currently employed to efficiently and cost-effectively convert biomass into hydrogen. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the advancements in various biomass-to‑hydrogen production processes. Additionally, several developmental efforts offer a concise overview of the different technologies utilized in these processes. Furthermore, it conducts a comparative analysis of the existing methods, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, it sheds light on the techno-economic aspects of biomass-to‑hydrogen production processes, underlining the practical considerations associated with these technologies. In summary, this work serves as a comprehensive resource, addressing the evolving landscape of hydrogen production from biomass, exploring innovative developments, and providing a thoughtful assessment of the various techniques while considering economic factors.
{"title":"Biomass conversion for sustainable hydrogen generation: A comprehensive review","authors":"Sherif Ishola Mustapha , Ifeanyi Michael Smarte Anekwe , Stephen Okiemute Akpasi , Kabiru Bab Muritala , Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh , Atuman Samaila Joel , Yusuf Makarfi Isa","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen is emerging as a promising and environmentally friendly fuel for the twenty-first century, primarily owing to its eco-friendly nature. The production of hydrogen from renewable biomass sources offers numerous advantages compared to traditional fossil fuel-based methods. Various techniques are currently employed to efficiently and cost-effectively convert biomass into hydrogen. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the advancements in various biomass-to‑hydrogen production processes. Additionally, several developmental efforts offer a concise overview of the different technologies utilized in these processes. Furthermore, it conducts a comparative analysis of the existing methods, evaluating their strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, it sheds light on the techno-economic aspects of biomass-to‑hydrogen production processes, underlining the practical considerations associated with these technologies. In summary, this work serves as a comprehensive resource, addressing the evolving landscape of hydrogen production from biomass, exploring innovative developments, and providing a thoughtful assessment of the various techniques while considering economic factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 108210"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108211
Zhuwei Liu , Lin Li , Tingsan Song , Rui Wang , Mingxin Li , Yusheng Wang , Dani Zuo , Dongmei Bi
The high content of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in biomass fuels exacerbates slagging and corrosion during co-combustion with coal, thereby limiting industrial utilization. To address these challenges, this study proposes a green pretreatment combining Fenton and photocatalytic processes. Walnut shells (WS) were treated with g-C3N4-loaded calcium alginate microbeads under simultaneous simulated daylight irradiation and Fenton oxidation. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to investigate the combustion characteristics of coal blended with pretreated and untreated WS. Results demonstrated a 170 % enhancement in the combustion performance index (S) at a heating rate of 20 °C/min. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis revealed that the pretreatment reduced AAEMs content by 53.5 %, specifically decreasing K₂O and Na₂O concentrations in ash from 5.21 % to 0.87 %. Slagging indices analysis further confirmed mitigated fouling risks, showing a low slagging index of 0.158 and a fouling index of 0.129. Kinetic analysis using model-free methods indicated a 12.8 % increase in activation energy (E = 149.94 kJ/mol for pretreated walnut shells-coal blends compared to 132.91 kJ/mol for untreated blends), indicating a suppression of the catalytic effects of AAEMs on coal degradation. This work establishes a sustainable strategy for optimizing biomass-coal co-combustion systems with improved environmental compatibility and industrial applicability.
{"title":"Coupled Fenton oxidation and photocatalytic pretreatment: A novel strategy for reducing AAEMs in biomass to enhance coal co-combustion performance","authors":"Zhuwei Liu , Lin Li , Tingsan Song , Rui Wang , Mingxin Li , Yusheng Wang , Dani Zuo , Dongmei Bi","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high content of alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in biomass fuels exacerbates slagging and corrosion during co-combustion with coal, thereby limiting industrial utilization. To address these challenges, this study proposes a green pretreatment combining Fenton and photocatalytic processes. Walnut shells (WS) were treated with g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-loaded calcium alginate microbeads under simultaneous simulated daylight irradiation and Fenton oxidation. Thermogravimetric analysis was employed to investigate the combustion characteristics of coal blended with pretreated and untreated WS. Results demonstrated a 170 % enhancement in the combustion performance index (<em>S</em>) at a heating rate of 20 °C/min. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis revealed that the pretreatment reduced AAEMs content by 53.5 %, specifically decreasing K₂O and Na₂O concentrations in ash from 5.21 % to 0.87 %. Slagging indices analysis further confirmed mitigated fouling risks, showing a low slagging index of 0.158 and a fouling index of 0.129. Kinetic analysis using model-free methods indicated a 12.8 % increase in activation energy (<em>E</em> = 149.94 kJ/mol for pretreated walnut shells-coal blends compared to 132.91 kJ/mol for untreated blends), indicating a suppression of the catalytic effects of AAEMs on coal degradation. This work establishes a sustainable strategy for optimizing biomass-coal co-combustion systems with improved environmental compatibility and industrial applicability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 108211"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143680986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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