Fuel Processing Technology最新文献

Microwave-assisted biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil: Exploring the potential of carob pod-derived solid base catalyst 利用废弃食用油进行微波辅助生物柴油合成：探索角豆树豆荚衍生固体基础催化剂的潜力

IF 7.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108161

Babatunde Oladipo, Sisipho Qasana, Sibabalwe C. Zini, Ntokozo Menemene, Tunde V. Ojumu

This work examined the potency of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) pod as a heterogeneous base catalyst for converting waste cooking oil (WCO) into biodiesel via a microwave irradiation system. The optimal calcination for the catalyst synthesis was achieved at 500 °C for 4 h. Various analytical techniques were employed to investigate the properties of the developed catalyst. The results indicate that the catalyst primarily consists of mesoporous particles abundant in potassium, with medium to strong basic sites, which are crucial for its catalytic function. WCO underwent pretreatment with H₂SO₄ before being converted to biodiesel. Optimum conditions for the biodiesel production were a methanol-to-WCO molar ratio of 9.87, 1.00 wt% catalyst dosage, 3.03 min reaction time, 450 rpm stirring speed, and 600 W microwave power, yielding 98.20 ± 0.81 wt% biodiesel. The low specific energy consumption value of 0.91 kWh/kg and specific CO₂ emission of 0.73 kg/kg of biodiesel suggest the effective utilization of microwave energy in driving the transesterification reaction and in promoting a reduction in carbon footprint, respectively. The synthesized catalyst remained effective up to the 5th production cycle and the biodiesel produced met established specifications. The results of this study show that carob pod is a suitable candidate to be included in the database of biobased catalysts currently being developed for heterogeneous catalysis of cost-effective biodiesel production.

这项研究考察了角豆树（Ceratonia siliqua）豆荚作为一种异相基础催化剂，通过微波辐照系统将废弃食用油（WCO）转化为生物柴油的有效性。催化剂合成的最佳煅烧温度为 500 摄氏度，煅烧时间为 4 小时。结果表明，催化剂主要由富含钾的介孔颗粒组成，具有中强碱性位点，这对其催化功能至关重要。在将 WCO 转化为生物柴油之前，先用 H2SO4 进行预处理。生产生物柴油的最佳条件是甲醇与 WCO 的摩尔比为 9.87，催化剂用量为 1.00 wt%，反应时间为 3.03 分钟，搅拌速度为 450 rpm，微波功率为 600 W，生物柴油的产量为 98.20 ± 0.81 wt%。生物柴油的具体能耗值为 0.91 千瓦时/千克，具体二氧化碳排放量为 0.73 千克/千克，这表明微波能在驱动酯交换反应和减少碳足迹方面发挥了有效作用。合成的催化剂直到第 5 个生产周期仍然有效，生产的生物柴油也符合既定规格。这项研究的结果表明，角豆树荚是一种合适的候选催化剂，可纳入目前正在开发的生物基催化剂数据库，用于经济高效地生产生物柴油的异构催化。

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引用次数: 0

An experimental evaluation of thermophysical properties of colloidal suspension of carbon-rich fly ash microparticles and single-walled carbon nanotubes in Jet-A fuel and its impact on evaporation and burning rate 富碳粉煤灰微颗粒和单壁碳纳米管胶体悬浮液在 Jet-A 燃料中的热物理性质及其对蒸发和燃烧速率影响的实验评估

IF 7.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108155

Ahmed Aboalhamayie , Nadeem Ahmad , Yang Zhang , Mohsen Ghamari , Numan Salah , Jameel Alshahrani

This study presents an experimental evaluation of the thermophysical properties of colloidal suspensions of carbon-rich fly ash microparticles (CFA) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) in Jet-A fuel, focusing on their impact on evaporation and burning rates. The research explores the effects of these carbon-based additives on key parameters such as thermal conductivity, viscosity, surface tension, evaporation rate, and combustion behavior. Utilizing a hybrid preparation method combining sonication and surfactants, stable colloidal suspensions were prepared for experimental analysis. The results demonstrate that both CFA and SWCNT enhance the thermal conductivity of Jet-A fuel, with SWCNT achieving a notable 13 % increase at a 1 wt% concentration, while CFA achieves an 8 % increase at a 3 wt% concentration. The study also reveals distinct trends in viscosity and surface tension, with SWCNT causing a significant non-linear increase in viscosity compared to CFA. In combustion experiments, the evaporation rates of CFA and SWCNT suspensions showed considerable improvement, with CFA demonstrating up to an 87 % increase at 1 wt% concentration. The study concludes with an analysis of ignition delay, highlighting the superior performance of SWCNT in reducing ignition time due to their high thermal conductivity and the presence of iron nanoparticles on their surface.

本研究对 Jet-A 燃料中富碳粉煤灰微粒 (CFA) 和单壁碳纳米管 (SWCNT) 胶体悬浮液的热物理性质进行了实验评估，重点关注它们对蒸发和燃烧速率的影响。研究探讨了这些碳基添加剂对热导率、粘度、表面张力、蒸发率和燃烧行为等关键参数的影响。利用超声和表面活性剂相结合的混合制备方法，制备了稳定的胶体悬浮液，用于实验分析。结果表明，CFA 和 SWCNT 都能提高 Jet-A 燃料的热导率，其中 SWCNT 在浓度为 1 wt% 时显著提高了 13%，而 CFA 在浓度为 3 wt% 时提高了 8%。研究还揭示了粘度和表面张力的明显变化趋势，与 CFA 相比，SWCNT 可显著非线性地增加粘度。在燃烧实验中，CFA 和 SWCNT 悬浮液的蒸发率都有显著提高，CFA 在 1 wt% 浓度时的蒸发率最高提高了 87%。研究最后对点火延迟进行了分析，强调了 SWCNT 在缩短点火时间方面的优越性能，这是因为它们具有高导热性，而且表面存在铁纳米颗粒。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable production of biohydrogen: Feedstock, pretreatment methods, production processes, and environmental impact 生物氢的可持续生产：原料、预处理方法、生产工艺和环境影响

IF 7.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108158

Aleksandra Modzelewska , Mateusz Jackowski , Panagiotis Boutikos , Magdalena Lech , Maciej Grabowski , Krystian Krochmalny , María González Martínez , Christian Aragón-Briceño , Amit Arora , Hao Luo , Luca Fiori , Qingang Xiong , Muhammad Yousaf Arshad , Anna Trusek , Halina Pawlak-Kruczek , Lukasz Niedzwiecki

A significant increase in the use of hydrogen, expected to reach between 667 and 4000 TWh, is forecasted for the whole EU in 2050. Electrolysis is believed to be a “silver bullet” due to its synergy with the needs of the grid. However, biohydrogen generation could be complimentary to electrolysis since it does not depend on electricity prices. This review presents a comprehensive picture of the landscape in biohydrogen production, showing state-of-the-art research on different biohydrogen production processes and highlighting potential problems and shortcomings for different processes, including microbial-based production and thermal processes. The work shows that “colour coding” used nowadays is insufficient in terms of providing accurate information regarding the sustainability of particular biohydrogen production technologies. Instead, LCA can provide substantial information for each investigated process. However, there is a need for a wider scope of LCA studies since currently published studies present a syndrome of “carbon tunnel vision”, often ignoring impacts other than global warming. Moreover, studies often tend to exclude the impact of capital goods production, which might provide an incomplete overview of such technologies. Moreover, it should not be overlooked that biohydrogen is capable of achieving negative values of CO₂ emissions if CCS is implemented.

预计到 2050 年，整个欧盟的氢气使用量将大幅增加，达到 667 至 4000 太瓦时。电解法因其与电网需求的协同作用而被认为是 "灵丹妙药"。然而，生物制氢可以作为电解法的补充，因为它不依赖于电价。本综述全面介绍了生物制氢的现状，展示了不同生物制氢工艺的最新研究成果，并强调了不同工艺（包括基于微生物的生产和热工艺）的潜在问题和不足之处。这项工作表明，目前使用的 "颜色编码 "不足以提供有关特定生物制氢技术可持续性的准确信息。相反，生命周期评估可以为每个调查过程提供大量信息。不过，有必要扩大生命周期评估研究的范围，因为目前出版的研究报告呈现出一种 "碳隧道视野 "综合症，往往忽略了全球变暖以外的其他影响。此外，研究通常倾向于排除资本货物生产的影响，这可能导致对此类技术的了解不全面。此外，不容忽视的是，如果采用二氧化碳捕获和储存技术，生物氢能够实现二氧化碳负排放值。

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引用次数: 0

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon dioxide over Co-Ce-Zr ternary metal solid solution 在 Co-Ce-Zr 三元金属固溶体上以甲醇和二氧化碳为原料直接合成碳酸二甲酯

IF 7.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108157

Xin Li, Lele Cao, Dongdong Jia, Yongyue Sun

To investigate highly performance catalysts for the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methanol, a Co_0.02/Ce_0.7Zr_0.3O₂ ternary metal solid solution nanoparticle catalyst was synthesized, demonstrating superior performance with a DMC yield of 3.86 mmol g⁻¹ and selectivity of 100 % at 7 MPa and 140 °C. A series of characterizations further validated the successful incorporation of cobalt and zirconium into the crystal lattice of CeO₂, resulting in an increased number of acid-base sites on its surface and a rise in oxygen vacancy content from 10.1 % to 28.7 %. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation results further corroborated the experimental findings, indicating that the doping of cobalt and zirconium ions significantly reduced the formation energy of oxygen vacancies on the catalyst surface from 2.53 to −1.38 eV, while concurrently decreasing the adsorption energy of CO₂ from −0.33 to −1.74 eV. Additionally, charge calculation results revealed that oxygen vacancies functioned as Lewis acid sites, whereas lattice oxygen atoms served as Lewis base sites, facilitating the cooperative activation of CO₂. The results may provide a new approach for designing and improving CeO₂-based catalysts for CO₂ activation.

为了研究从二氧化碳（CO2）和甲醇直接合成碳酸二甲酯（DMC）的高性能催化剂，我们合成了一种 Co0.02/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 三元金属固溶体纳米粒子催化剂，该催化剂性能优越，在 7 兆帕和 140 摄氏度条件下，DMC 产率为 3.86 mmol g-1，选择性为 100%。一系列表征进一步验证了钴和锆成功地融入 CeO2 的晶格，从而增加了其表面酸碱位点的数量，氧空位含量也从 10.1% 上升到 28.7%。密度泛函理论（DFT）计算结果进一步证实了实验结果，表明钴离子和锆离子的掺入显著降低了催化剂表面氧空位的形成能，从 2.53 eV 降至 -1.38 eV，同时二氧化碳的吸附能也从 -0.33 eV 降至 -1.74 eV。此外，电荷计算的结果表明，氧空位作为路易斯酸位，而晶格氧原子作为路易斯碱位，促进了二氧化碳的协同活化。这些结果为设计和改进基于 CeO2 的二氧化碳活化催化剂提供了一种新方法。

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引用次数: 0

A bifunctional catalyst for direct CO2 conversion to clean fuels: Mechanistic insights and a comprehensive kinetic model 将二氧化碳直接转化为清洁燃料的双功能催化剂：机理认识和综合动力学模型

IF 7.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108152

Masoud Safari Yazd, Jafar Towfighi Darian

The escalating global concern over CO₂ emissions has spurred extensive research aimed at developing innovative solutions for capturing, storing, and utilizing CO₂, crucial for establishing a closed carbon loop. Thermo-catalytic CO₂ hydrogenation stands out as a promising approach, though challenged by CO₂'s high stability, hindering the production of heavy liquid hydrocarbons. This study explores the design and performance of a bifunctional cobalt-based catalyst, promoted by Ru and supported by multiple shells of carbon, mesoporous silica, and ceria for CO₂ hydrogenation in the Modified Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (MFTS) route. Through meticulous characterization and evaluation, the catalyst demonstrates suitable textural properties, reducibility, and dispersion of active sites, promoting CO₂ conversion and selectivity towards heavier hydrocarbons, highlighting the significance of catalyst design and operating conditions. The catalyst exhibits notable stability across catalyst deactivation, attributed to its thermal conductivity provided by SiC matrices. SiC-supported catalysts play a pivotal role in enhancing the efficiency, selectivity, and stability of CO₂ hydrogenation catalysts. Moreover, in this study, through meticulous evaluation of elementary reactions based on molecular dynamic (MD) computations, a detailed mechanism for MFTS is presented. Key to this mechanism is the H-assisted CO₂ dissociation pathway, supported by computational analysis. The pathway involves sequential reactions starting from CO₂ adsorption on catalyst sites, followed by successive transformations leading to the formation of hydrocarbon building blocks. Ultimately, a developed MFTS kinetic model based on the MD-evaluated mechanism, which accurately predicts product selectivity across various operational conditions, indicating its robustness and reliability, is presented.

全球对二氧化碳排放的关注不断升级，促使人们开展了广泛的研究，旨在开发捕获、储存和利用二氧化碳的创新解决方案，这对建立封闭的碳循环至关重要。热催化二氧化碳加氢是一种前景广阔的方法，但二氧化碳的高稳定性阻碍了重质液态烃的生产。本研究探索了一种双功能钴基催化剂的设计和性能，该催化剂由 Ru 促进，并由碳、介孔二氧化硅和铈的多层壳支撑，用于在改良费托合成（MFTS）路线中进行二氧化碳加氢。通过细致的表征和评估，该催化剂表现出合适的质地特性、还原性和活性位点分散性，促进了二氧化碳的转化和对重烃的选择性，突出了催化剂设计和操作条件的重要性。该催化剂在催化剂失活过程中表现出显著的稳定性，这归功于碳化硅基质提供的导热性。SiC 支承催化剂在提高二氧化碳加氢催化剂的效率、选择性和稳定性方面发挥着关键作用。此外，本研究基于分子动力学 (MD) 计算，通过对基本反应的细致评估，提出了 MFTS 的详细机理。该机理的关键在于计算分析支持的氢辅助二氧化碳解离途径。该路径涉及从二氧化碳吸附到催化剂位点开始的连续反应，随后是形成碳氢化合物构筑基块的连续转化。最后，介绍了基于 MD 评估机制开发的 MFTS 动力学模型，该模型可准确预测各种操作条件下的产物选择性，表明其稳健性和可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Catalytic steam reforming of waste tire pyrolysis volatiles using a tire char catalyst for high yield hydrogen-rich syngas 使用轮胎炭催化剂对废轮胎热解挥发物进行催化蒸汽转化，以获得高产率的富氢合成气

IF 7.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108150

Yukun Li, Paul T. Williams

The production of hydrogen and syngas (H₂/CO) from waste tires by pyrolysis catalytic steam reforming was investigated in a two-stage fixed bed reactor. In this study, tire char served as a sacrificial catalyst, facilitating the combination of catalytic steam reforming and char steam gasification reactions. The tire char acted as both a catalyst and a gasification reactant, enhancing the gas product yield. The process parameters investigated were, a reforming temperature range of 700–1000 °C, steam space velocity between 2 and 12 g h⁻¹ g⁻¹_char and reaction times of 0.5–2 h. The influence of the parameters on the yield and composition of the product gases and the characteristics of the used catalyst were analyzed in detail. The results indicated that higher temperature and steam space velocity increased H₂ and CO yields in the presence of a tire char catalyst. Elemental analysis of the used tire char, surface morphology and pore structure provided insights into the extent of tire char consumption in the reaction. Prolonged reaction time allowed for more thorough reactions between the pyrolysis volatiles and tire char, promoting the production of H₂. At a reaction time of 2 h, the H₂ yield reached 223 mmol g⁻¹, representing 74 wt% of the maximum hydrogen yield.

研究人员在两级固定床反应器中研究了利用热解催化蒸汽转化法从废轮胎中生产氢气和合成气（H2/CO）的问题。在这项研究中，轮胎炭作为牺牲催化剂，促进了催化蒸汽转化和炭蒸汽气化反应的结合。轮胎炭既是催化剂又是气化反应物，从而提高了气体产品的产量。研究的工艺参数包括：重整温度范围为 700-1000 °C，蒸汽空间速度为 2-12 g h-1 g-1char，反应时间为 0.5-2 h。结果表明，在使用轮胎炭催化剂的情况下，较高的温度和蒸汽空间速度会提高 H2 和 CO 的产率。对使用过的轮胎炭的元素分析、表面形态和孔隙结构有助于了解轮胎炭在反应中的消耗程度。延长反应时间可使热解挥发物与轮胎炭之间的反应更加彻底，从而促进 H2 的产生。在反应时间为 2 小时时，H2 产量达到 223 mmol g-1，占最大氢产量的 74 wt%。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of press channel diameter-to-length ratio on the mechanical properties of biomass pellets during storage 压制槽长径比对生物质颗粒储存期间机械性能的影响

IF 7.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108149

Abdullah Sadeq, Swantje Pietsch-Braune, Stefan Heinrich

This study investigates the effects of press channel length on the quality of wood pellets, focusing on key aspects such as density, radial porosity distribution, and mechanical stability, both at the time of delivery and during storage. Wood pellets were produced using press channels with diameter-to-length (D/L) ratios of 1:3, 1:4, and 1:5 to evaluate how variations in die geometry influence pellet quality. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis indicates that the D/L ratio of the press channel significantly impacts the porosity within the pellets. Short press channels are associated with great variability in the radial porosity distribution of the wood pellets, while longer press channels lead to uniformly low porosity over the radius. Furthermore, pellets produced with longer press channels exhibit a smoother surface with fewer cracks and greater resistance to structural degradation under varying humidity conditions. Although high-density pellets show improved mechanical strength and recovery potential in humid environments, remaining damage in the form of cracks and alterations in radial porosity distribution lead to reduced strength compared to their initial state.

本研究调查了压制槽长度对木质颗粒质量的影响，重点是密度、径向孔隙率分布和机械稳定性等关键方面，包括交货时和储存期间。使用直径/长度（D/L）比分别为 1:3、1:4 和 1:5 的压制槽生产木质颗粒，以评估模具几何形状的变化对颗粒质量的影响。微计算机断层扫描（μCT）分析表明，压制通道的直径/长度比对颗粒内的孔隙率有很大影响。较短的压制通道会导致木质颗粒径向孔隙率分布变化很大，而较长的压制通道则会导致半径范围内孔隙率均匀偏低。此外，用较长的压制通道生产的木粒表面更光滑，裂纹更少，在不同湿度条件下抗结构退化的能力更强。虽然高密度木粒在潮湿环境中显示出更高的机械强度和恢复潜力，但裂缝形式的残留损伤和径向孔隙率分布的改变导致其强度低于初始状态。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing diesel production from waste plastics: A study on Pd/MCM-48 catalytic hydroprocessing 提高废塑料的柴油产量：Pd/MCM-48 催化加氢处理研究

IF 7.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108145

Abdul Khaliq , Krishna Kumar Yadav , Sultan Alshehery , Haifa A. Alqhtani , May Bin-Jumah , P.N. Poovizhi , Sumithra Viswanathan , P. Saravanan , R. Sankar , P. Santhana Krishnan , P. Tamizhdurai

In recent years, plastic has emerged as a widely used material, replacing traditional materials across various industries due to its versatility and convenience. However, this extensive adoption of plastic has resulted in significant environmental challenges, especially in managing mixed plastic waste. To address this, energy recovery technologies have been developed to offer alternative recycling methods for plastic waste. This study specifically focuses on producing hydroprocessed plastic pyrolysis oil from mixed waste plastic to create environmentally compliant fuel. The scrutiny compares the resultant fuel with diesel using hydroprocessing techniques and catalytic pyrolysis. Physicochemical characterization and GC–MS analysis compare the properties and compositions of MPPO, HPO, and diesel fuel. The waste polymers, which included HDPE, PP, and LDPE, were hydroprocessed and pyrolysed using platinum sulphate on zirconia oxide supports to produce a diesel equivalent. The alkane content of the blended fuel that was produced was 95 % that of diesel. The n-alkane levels in the carbon number ranges C11–C15 and C16–C20 were, respectively, 25 % and 10 % lower than diesel. But as one might expect from mixing heavy fuel oil, there were substantially more n-alkanes with carbon numbers of C21–C25. The combined fuel contained 10 % fewer isoalkanes than diesel. Ships can be powered by low-carbon fuel that was created by combining hydroprocessed fuel with commercial heavy fuel oil. Since the alternative fuel will emit considerably fewer emissions, the maritime industry can choose to replace it in order to help fulfil.

近年来，塑料因其多功能性和便利性，已成为一种广泛使用的材料，取代了各行各业的传统材料。然而，塑料的广泛应用带来了巨大的环境挑战，尤其是在管理混合塑料垃圾方面。为解决这一问题，人们开发了能源回收技术，为塑料垃圾提供替代回收方法。本研究特别关注从混合废塑料中生产加氢处理塑料热解油，以制造符合环保要求的燃料。研究比较了使用加氢处理技术和催化热解技术生产的燃料和柴油。理化表征和气相色谱-质谱分析比较了 MPPO、HPO 和柴油的特性和成分。废聚合物（包括高密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯和低密度聚乙烯）经过加氢处理，并在氧化锆支撑物上使用硫酸铂进行热解，生产出柴油等效物。生产出的混合燃料的烷烃含量是柴油的 95%。碳原子数范围为 C11-C15 和 C16-C20 的正烷烃含量分别比柴油低 25% 和 10%。但正如人们对混合重油的预期一样，碳原子数为 C21-C25 的正构烷烃含量要高得多。混合燃料中的异构烷烃含量比柴油少 10%。通过将水处理燃料与商用重油混合制成的低碳燃料可以为船舶提供动力。由于这种替代燃料的排放量要少得多，因此海运业可以选择替代这种燃料，以帮助实现 "可持续发展 "的目标。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of fuel and lubricant oil on particulate emissions in direct injection spark ignition engines: A comparative study of methane and hydrogen 燃料和润滑油对直接喷射火花点火发动机微粒排放的影响：甲烷和氢气的比较研究

IF 7.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108144

Barbara Apicella , Francesco Catapano , Silvana Di Iorio , Agnese Magno , Carmela Russo , Paolo Sementa , Antonio Tregrossi , Bianca Maria Vaglieco

Internal combustion engines play a critical role in the global transportation system and the use of alternative fuels, such as methane and hydrogen, offers a promising way for ensuring their sustainability in the future. The best way to exploit the gaseous fuels properties is through the direct injection that allows to enhance the efficiency and to prevent backfire issues. On the other hand, this injection strategy causes a high interaction of the lubricant oil in the combustion process and hence high level of particle emissions despite the low/zero carbon content in the fuels. An experimental study was conducted on a spark-ignition engine powered by directly injected methane. This study involved both physical and chemical characterization of emissions, with the aim of providing an in-depth analysis of the hazardous pollutants emitted. Additionally, it sought to identify their origins, whether from the fuel or lubricating oil. Experimental results show that a higher concentration of particles is produced at higher engine speed. In this condition, which has a more significant environmental impact, a comparison between methane and hydrogen-fueled engine operating under similar conditions was performed, revealing that hydrogen engine produces more particles with a smaller size.

内燃机在全球运输系统中发挥着至关重要的作用，而甲烷和氢气等替代燃料的使用为确保内燃机在未来的可持续发展提供了前景广阔的途径。利用气体燃料特性的最佳方法是直接喷射，这样可以提高效率并防止回火问题。另一方面，尽管燃料中的碳含量很低或为零，但这种喷射策略会导致润滑油在燃烧过程中产生较高的相互作用，从而产生较高的颗粒排放。我们对使用直接喷射甲烷的火花点火发动机进行了实验研究。这项研究涉及排放物的物理和化学特征，目的是对排放的有害污染物进行深入分析。此外，研究还试图确定这些污染物的来源，是来自燃料还是润滑油。实验结果表明，发动机转速越高，产生的颗粒浓度越高。在这种对环境影响更大的条件下，对在类似条件下运行的甲烷发动机和氢燃料发动机进行了比较，结果表明氢发动机产生的颗粒更多，尺寸更小。

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引用次数: 0

Competitive effects of compounding aromatic hydrogen storage carriers in low-pressure hydrogenation reactions 低压氢化反应中复合芳香族储氢载体的竞争效应

IF 7.2 2区工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED

Fuel Processing Technology

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108143

Xiaopeng Mei , Zixuan Ma , Yingjie Yang , Xiaofeng Gao , Hantao Gong , Ziyu Song , Siyu Yao

The reaction activity of various liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) over 5 wt% Rh/C (BET surface area 933.5 g/cm³, pore size 4.6 nm, metal dispersion 10.5 %) and 5 wt% Ru/C (BET surface area 888.4 g/cm³, pore size 6.1 nm, metal dispersion 8.9 %) catalysts is evaluated. The results show that monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have the highest reactivity, followed by monocyclic aromatic rings, while polycyclic and fused cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have relatively low activity. It is also found that mixing different LOHCs leads to a competitive effect, resulting in lower reactivities for all LOHCs. As the degree of LOHC hydrogenation increases, the adsorption of multi-step hydrogenation intermediates becomes more difficult, resulting in lower yields of fully hydrogenated products. It is important to understand the behavior of LOHCs in hydrogenation reactions and to optimize the performance of LOHCs compound systems.

评估了各种液态有机氢载体（LOHC）在 5 wt% Rh/C（BET 表面积 933.5 g/cm3，孔径 4.6 nm，金属分散度 10.5 %）和 5 wt% Ru/C（BET 表面积 888.4 g/cm3，孔径 6.1 nm，金属分散度 8.9 %）催化剂上的反应活性。结果表明，单环芳香烃的反应活性最高，其次是单环芳香环，而多环和融环芳香烃的活性相对较低。研究还发现，混合不同的 LOHC 会产生竞争效应，导致所有 LOHC 的反应活性降低。随着 LOHC 加氢程度的增加，多步加氢中间体的吸附变得更加困难，导致完全加氢产物的产量降低。了解 LOHC 在氢化反应中的行为以及优化 LOHC 化合物体系的性能非常重要。

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