Converting agricultural residues into hydrogen offers a promising route toward low-carbon energy. This study presents a two-stage process combining fast pyrolysis of con waste bio-oil followed by catalytic steam reforming (CSR) using NiFe catalysts supported on porous clay heterostructures (PCH). Fast pyrolysis at 500 °C for 1 h produced 41.4 wt% bio-oil rich in lignin-derived phenolics. Catalyst screening during reforming at 800 °C identified 0.8Ni–0.2Fe/PCH as the optimal formulation, delivering 58.8% H2 yield and 87.3% feedstock conversion with 7.2 mmol/gcat carbon deposition after 1 h. Relative to monometallic counterparts, NiFe synergy improved reforming performance while reducing carbon deposition by up to 38.9%. Under autothermal reforming (ATR), optimizing temperature (700–900 °C) and O2/C ratios (0.15–0.45) improved H2 selectivity by balancing reforming and oxidation reactions. Importantly, the 0.8Ni–0.2Fe/PCH remained highly stable over 170 h, sustaining >80% H2 yield and >90% conversion with minimal carbon deposition. Characterization (BET, SEM–EDX, XRD, FTIR) confirmed well-dispersed NiFe species anchored within the PCH framework, consistent with enhanced stability and resistance to carbon deposition. These results highlighted the Ni–Fe/PCH as efficient and promising catalyst platform for hydrogen production from corn waste bio-oil.
{"title":"Two-stage fast pyrolysis and catalytic steam reforming of corn waste bio-oil for hydrogen production: Screening and optimization of NiFe catalysts supported on porous clay heterostructures","authors":"Punjarat Khongchamnan , Apirat Laobuthee , Chatchai Veranitisagul , Thanapat Chomchatwarl , Navadol Laosiripojana , Khatiya Weerasai , Pornlada Daorattanachai , Pongkarn Chakthranont , Dorothée Laurenti , Wanwitoo Wanmolee","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Converting agricultural residues into hydrogen offers a promising route toward low-carbon energy. This study presents a two-stage process combining fast pyrolysis of con waste bio-oil followed by catalytic steam reforming (CSR) using Ni<img>Fe catalysts supported on porous clay heterostructures (PCH). Fast pyrolysis at 500 °C for 1 h produced 41.4 wt% bio-oil rich in lignin-derived phenolics. Catalyst screening during reforming at 800 °C identified 0.8Ni–0.2Fe/PCH as the optimal formulation, delivering 58.8% H<sub>2</sub> yield and 87.3% feedstock conversion with 7.2 mmol/g<sub>cat</sub> carbon deposition after 1 h. Relative to monometallic counterparts, Ni<img>Fe synergy improved reforming performance while reducing carbon deposition by up to 38.9%. Under autothermal reforming (ATR), optimizing temperature (700–900 °C) and O<sub>2</sub>/C ratios (0.15–0.45) improved H<sub>2</sub> selectivity by balancing reforming and oxidation reactions. Importantly, the 0.8Ni–0.2Fe/PCH remained highly stable over 170 h, sustaining >80% H<sub>2</sub> yield and >90% conversion with minimal carbon deposition. Characterization (BET, SEM–EDX, XRD, FTIR) confirmed well-dispersed Ni<img>Fe species anchored within the PCH framework, consistent with enhanced stability and resistance to carbon deposition. These results highlighted the Ni–Fe/PCH as efficient and promising catalyst platform for hydrogen production from corn waste bio-oil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 108411"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146186138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108405
Tao Yang , Wuyang Xiao , Lijuan Chen , Bo Wei , Yanjie Qi , Shuanglong Li , Jianjiang Wang , Shan Wang , Xian Li , Hong Yao
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Experimental study on the vaporization and condensation of alkali metal chlorides in biomass ash under pressurized conditions” [Fuel Processing Technology 282 (April 2026) 108403]","authors":"Tao Yang , Wuyang Xiao , Lijuan Chen , Bo Wei , Yanjie Qi , Shuanglong Li , Jianjiang Wang , Shan Wang , Xian Li , Hong Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108405","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 108405"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The accumulation of plastic waste, particularly from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poses significant environmental challenges due to their persistence and the complexity of recycling mixed polymer. Accordingly, this study was conducted to investigate the thermal degradation behavior and kinetic parameters of virgin HDPE, PET, and their binary mixture to support waste-to-energy applications. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential thermogravimetry (DTG) were performed under pyrolytic conditions using nitrogen as the carrier gas at multiple heating rates, and degradation kinetics were evaluated using five isoconversional methods: Friedman (FR), Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), Starink (STK), and Vyazovkin (Vy). Results showed that both HDPE and PET undergo single-step degradation, with HDPE decomposing at higher temperatures in a narrower range (449–497 °C) than PET (394–471 °C) at 15 °C/min. The HDPE–PET blend showed a broader decomposition range (417–495 °C) with an onset temperature between PET and HDPE. Comparatively, the Friedman (FR) method provided reliable activation energies for HDPE and PET (259.55 ± 7.3 and 193.16 ± 17.07 kJ/mol), as it effectively captures the single-step degradation of individual polymers with minimal variation across conversion levels. For the HDPE–PET binary blend, the Vyazovkin (Vy) method yielded the most consistent activation energy profile (173.51–217.45 kJ/mol; average 210.47 ± 7.2 kJ/mol), demonstrating its robustness in handling the complex, overlapping decomposition behaviors of mixed polymer systems. Model-fitting via y(α)/y(0.5) analysis identified the autocatalytic model as the most appropriate for all samples, with simulated curves showing excellent agreement with experimental data (R2 > 0.92). These findings demonstrate the feasibility of predicting pyrolysis behavior for both individual and mixed plastics, contributing to improved strategies for managing mixed plastic waste streams.
{"title":"Kinetic insights into high-density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and their blend using thermogravimetric analysis and model-free methods","authors":"Mohamed Koraiem M. Handawy , Tamer M.M. Abdellatief , Xiongbo Duan , Tareq Salameh , Abdul-Kadir Hamid , Mousa Hussein","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108390","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108390","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accumulation of plastic waste, particularly from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), poses significant environmental challenges due to their persistence and the complexity of recycling mixed polymer. Accordingly, this study was conducted to investigate the thermal degradation behavior and kinetic parameters of virgin HDPE, PET, and their binary mixture to support waste-to-energy applications. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential thermogravimetry (DTG) were performed under pyrolytic conditions using nitrogen as the carrier gas at multiple heating rates, and degradation kinetics were evaluated using five isoconversional methods: Friedman (FR), Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), Starink (STK), and Vyazovkin (Vy). Results showed that both HDPE and PET undergo single-step degradation, with HDPE decomposing at higher temperatures in a narrower range (449–497 °C) than PET (394–471 °C) at 15 °C/min. The HDPE–PET blend showed a broader decomposition range (417–495 °C) with an onset temperature between PET and HDPE. Comparatively, the Friedman (FR) method provided reliable activation energies for HDPE and PET (259.55 ± 7.3 and 193.16 ± 17.07 kJ/mol), as it effectively captures the single-step degradation of individual polymers with minimal variation across conversion levels. For the HDPE–PET binary blend, the Vyazovkin (Vy) method yielded the most consistent activation energy profile (173.51–217.45 kJ/mol; average 210.47 ± 7.2 kJ/mol), demonstrating its robustness in handling the complex, overlapping decomposition behaviors of mixed polymer systems. Model-fitting via y(α)/y(0.5) analysis identified the autocatalytic model <span><math><msup><mfenced><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>α</mi></mrow></mfenced><mi>n</mi></msup><mfenced><mrow><msup><mi>α</mi><mi>m</mi></msup><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>α</mi><mo>∗</mo></msub></mrow></mfenced></math></span> as the most appropriate for all samples, with simulated curves showing excellent agreement with experimental data (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.92). These findings demonstrate the feasibility of predicting pyrolysis behavior for both individual and mixed plastics, contributing to improved strategies for managing mixed plastic waste streams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 108390"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145947887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the high-value resource recovery of waste epoxy resin, this study prepared Nb and Ga modified ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts and systematically evaluated their performance in the catalytic pyrolysis of epoxy resin for aromatic hydrocarbon production. The results indicate that the bimetallic catalyst 8Nb4Ga (with 8% Nb and 4% Ga loading) exhibited the optimal catalytic activity, achieving the highest aromatic hydrocarbon yield of 68.6% under the conditions of 650 °C and a feedstock-to-catalyst mass ratio of 1:1. Characterization analyses confirmed that the metal species were well-dispersed on the ZSM-5 support without destroying the zeolite framework structure, though they induced changes in the pore structure. The introduction of Ga contributed to the formation of more mesoporous structures. Kinetic analysis revealed that the 8Nb4Ga catalyst significantly increased the apparent activation energy of the pyrolysis process, indicating that it guides the reactants through a higher-energy-barrier yet more selective pathway for aromatic hydrocarbon formation. This research provides theoretical support for the targeted catalytic conversion of waste epoxy resins into high-value aromatics.
{"title":"Tuning aromatic selectivity in catalytic pyrolysis of epoxy resin over Nb/Ga-modified ZSM-5: porosity engineering and kinetic elucidation","authors":"Shangpeng Pan , Kaiwen Yun , Rui Shan , Shuxiao Wang , Taoli Huhe , Xiang Ling , Haoran Yuan , Yong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For the high-value resource recovery of waste epoxy resin, this study prepared Nb and Ga modified ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts and systematically evaluated their performance in the catalytic pyrolysis of epoxy resin for aromatic hydrocarbon production. The results indicate that the bimetallic catalyst 8Nb4Ga (with 8% Nb and 4% Ga loading) exhibited the optimal catalytic activity, achieving the highest aromatic hydrocarbon yield of 68.6% under the conditions of 650 °C and a feedstock-to-catalyst mass ratio of 1:1. Characterization analyses confirmed that the metal species were well-dispersed on the ZSM-5 support without destroying the zeolite framework structure, though they induced changes in the pore structure. The introduction of Ga contributed to the formation of more mesoporous structures. Kinetic analysis revealed that the 8Nb4Ga catalyst significantly increased the apparent activation energy of the pyrolysis process, indicating that it guides the reactants through a higher-energy-barrier yet more selective pathway for aromatic hydrocarbon formation. This research provides theoretical support for the targeted catalytic conversion of waste epoxy resins into high-value aromatics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 108402"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108395
Chengping Deng , Zhongzheng Wu , Teng He , Yuqiang Mao , Liuyang Dong , Dianwen Liu
The surface wettability of coal and non-coal minerals is one of the critical factors influencing their separation and processing. In this study, ten common coal and non-coal minerals were selected to analyze the quantitative relationship between their surface wettability and wetting heat through contact angle, specific surface area and microcalorimeter measurements. For all minerals except anthracite, the heat flow curves measured by microcalorimetry initially rose rapidly, then gradually declined and stabilized, which was opposite to the wetting curve change of anthracite. Both the theoretical calculation and microcalorimeter measurement indicated that the wetting process of anthracite was endothermic, while those of other minerals were exothermic. The wetting heat gradually decreased with the increase of surface contact angle of minerals. The wetting heat of minerals measured by the microcalorimeter exhibited a positive proportional linear correlation with the cosine of the mineral contact angle, which is consistent with the theoretical model. This paper will provide a valuable insight into the surface wettability of coal and non-coal mineral particles from a thermodynamic perspective.
{"title":"Evaluating the wettability of coal and non-coal mineral particles by microcalorimetry","authors":"Chengping Deng , Zhongzheng Wu , Teng He , Yuqiang Mao , Liuyang Dong , Dianwen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The surface wettability of coal and non-coal minerals is one of the critical factors influencing their separation and processing. In this study, ten common coal and non-coal minerals were selected to analyze the quantitative relationship between their surface wettability and wetting heat through contact angle, specific surface area and microcalorimeter measurements. For all minerals except anthracite, the heat flow curves measured by microcalorimetry initially rose rapidly, then gradually declined and stabilized, which was opposite to the wetting curve change of anthracite. Both the theoretical calculation and microcalorimeter measurement indicated that the wetting process of anthracite was endothermic, while those of other minerals were exothermic. The wetting heat gradually decreased with the increase of surface contact angle of minerals. The wetting heat of minerals measured by the microcalorimeter exhibited a positive proportional linear correlation with the cosine of the mineral contact angle, which is consistent with the theoretical model. This paper will provide a valuable insight into the surface wettability of coal and non-coal mineral particles from a thermodynamic perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 108395"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108394
Jeongjae Oh , Minsu Lim , Konan Alain Cedric Nzisso , Minseok Im , Dongwoo Kang , Sunghyun Cho
Cow manure is generated in large quantities and offers a stable supply, making it a promising biomass resource. However, its high moisture content makes direct gasification challenging, and it is therefore commonly treated through incineration, landfilling, or composting, all of which can cause severe air and soil pollution. To address these issues, this study designed and evaluated a gasification process that produces hydrogen without a separate drying step by blending cow manure with rice straw. The results showed that the blended gasification process achieved optimal hydrogen production and a favorable H2/CO ratio at 700 °C and a steam-to-fuel ratio of 0.4, while additional tail-gas recycling further increased hydrogen output. Life-cycle assessment revealed that blended gasification reduced global warming potential by nearly half compared with conventional pathways, and techno-economic analysis indicated a 24% reduction in hydrogen production cost. At an industry-scale capacity of 1000 t/d, the hydrogen production cost was estimated at 2.75 USD/kg, which is lower than the target cost of 4 USD/kg. Overall, the findings demonstrate that directly gasifying high-moisture cow manure by blending it with dried agricultural residues offers a practical treatment pathway and represents a promising approach for decentralized, low-carbon hydrogen production in rural regions.
{"title":"Advanced hydrogen production process design from cow manure supported by rural waste based on environmental and economic evaluation","authors":"Jeongjae Oh , Minsu Lim , Konan Alain Cedric Nzisso , Minseok Im , Dongwoo Kang , Sunghyun Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cow manure is generated in large quantities and offers a stable supply, making it a promising biomass resource. However, its high moisture content makes direct gasification challenging, and it is therefore commonly treated through incineration, landfilling, or composting, all of which can cause severe air and soil pollution. To address these issues, this study designed and evaluated a gasification process that produces hydrogen without a separate drying step by blending cow manure with rice straw. The results showed that the blended gasification process achieved optimal hydrogen production and a favorable H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratio at 700 °C and a steam-to-fuel ratio of 0.4, while additional tail-gas recycling further increased hydrogen output. Life-cycle assessment revealed that blended gasification reduced global warming potential by nearly half compared with conventional pathways, and techno-economic analysis indicated a 24% reduction in hydrogen production cost. At an industry-scale capacity of 1000 t/d, the hydrogen production cost was estimated at 2.75 USD/kg, which is lower than the target cost of 4 USD/kg. Overall, the findings demonstrate that directly gasifying high-moisture cow manure by blending it with dried agricultural residues offers a practical treatment pathway and represents a promising approach for decentralized, low-carbon hydrogen production in rural regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 108394"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145947908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108396
Hanjian Li , Xiaoxuan Lyu , Shichen Ding , Ying Zhao , Shagali Abdulmajid Abdullahi , Yi Wang , Sheng Su , Song Hu , Jun Xiang , Huanying Chi
The present study explores the concentrated solar-driven pyrolysis of walnut shells to characterize the product distribution, physicochemical structural evolution, and energy flow. The experiments were conducted using a custom-built Confocal Elliptical-Streamline Concentrating Photothermal (CESCP) system, which implements a furnace lamp with a spectral output closely approximating natural sunlight. This setup provides a controlled simulation of genuine high-flux solar radiation and achieves an ultra-fast heating rate of 1000 °C/min. Across the temperature range of 500–1000 °C, the gas yield was notably high and increased significantly from 13.4% to 54.3%, among which syngas (H2 + CO) exhibited the most substantial increase from 40.99 vol% to 70.5 vol%. For solid phase products, as the pyrolysis reaction proceeded, the specific surface area significantly increased by 314 times from 0.354 m2/g to 111.459 m2/g, the amorphous carbon progressively transformed into defective polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the oxygen-containing functional groups (such as hydroxyl and C-O bonds) exhibited higher activity. Crucially, at the pyrolysis temperature of 1000 °C, the sum of the higher heating value and the latent heat of vaporization of the products reached 17,207 J, representing an increase of 199 J compared to the raw biomass material. This data provides direct quantitative evidence for the storage of solar energy in the form of chemical energy. The findings of this study can serve as a fundamental theoretical reference for research on solar-thermal conversion and storage mechanisms under intense radiative heating conditions.
{"title":"Study on product distribution, physicochemical structure evolution, and energy flow in concentrated solar pyrolysis of walnut shells","authors":"Hanjian Li , Xiaoxuan Lyu , Shichen Ding , Ying Zhao , Shagali Abdulmajid Abdullahi , Yi Wang , Sheng Su , Song Hu , Jun Xiang , Huanying Chi","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study explores the concentrated solar-driven pyrolysis of walnut shells to characterize the product distribution, physicochemical structural evolution, and energy flow. The experiments were conducted using a custom-built Confocal Elliptical-Streamline Concentrating Photothermal (CESCP) system, which implements a furnace lamp with a spectral output closely approximating natural sunlight. This setup provides a controlled simulation of genuine high-flux solar radiation and achieves an ultra-fast heating rate of 1000 °C/min. Across the temperature range of 500–1000 °C, the gas yield was notably high and increased significantly from 13.4% to 54.3%, among which syngas (H<sub>2</sub> + CO) exhibited the most substantial increase from 40.99 vol% to 70.5 vol%. For solid phase products, as the pyrolysis reaction proceeded, the specific surface area significantly increased by 314 times from 0.354 m<sup>2</sup>/g to 111.459 m<sup>2</sup>/g, the amorphous carbon progressively transformed into defective polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and the oxygen-containing functional groups (such as hydroxyl and C-O bonds) exhibited higher activity. Crucially, at the pyrolysis temperature of 1000 °C, the sum of the higher heating value and the latent heat of vaporization of the products reached 17,207 J, representing an increase of 199 J compared to the raw biomass material. This data provides direct quantitative evidence for the storage of solar energy in the form of chemical energy. The findings of this study can serve as a fundamental theoretical reference for research on solar-thermal conversion and storage mechanisms under intense radiative heating conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 108396"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145947909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108404
Huaxue Yan , Yinglong Zhang , Gongming Xin, Dexiang Li
Gas hydrates technology have emerged as a vital strategy for tackling global energy and environmental challenges. This paper synthesizes the current state of knowledge regarding the exploitation, utilization, and prevention of gas hydrates, highlighting recent advancements while identifying key challenges and opportunities. The work explores the dual role of gas hydrates as a promising energy source and an environmental challenge, highlighting their applications in energy storage, carbon capture, gas separation, and water treatment. Additionally, it examines the associated risks, including pipeline blockages and potential climate impacts resulting from uncontrolled methane emissions. This work presents a multi-scale approach that integrates microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic perspectives to offer a comprehensive understanding of gas hydrate phenomena. At microscopic level, molecular dynamics simulations and material characterization techniques offer insights into structural properties and molecular interactions. Mesoscopic studies, employing computational fluid dynamics and microfluidic experiments, provide insights into gas hydrate behavior in confined spaces. Macroscopic investigations, including laboratory experiments and multi-physical field coupling simulations, assess the effectiveness and environmental impacts of various exploitation techniques. The review concludes by examining the challenges and opportunities in the field, providing a roadmap for researchers and policymakers aiming to harness the potential of gas hydrates while mitigating associated risks.
{"title":"Gas hydrates: A comprehensive multi-scale review of mechanisms, diversified applications, risk mitigation, and pathways toward sustainable energy-environmental synergy","authors":"Huaxue Yan , Yinglong Zhang , Gongming Xin, Dexiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas hydrates technology have emerged as a vital strategy for tackling global energy and environmental challenges. This paper synthesizes the current state of knowledge regarding the exploitation, utilization, and prevention of gas hydrates, highlighting recent advancements while identifying key challenges and opportunities. The work explores the dual role of gas hydrates as a promising energy source and an environmental challenge, highlighting their applications in energy storage, carbon capture, gas separation, and water treatment. Additionally, it examines the associated risks, including pipeline blockages and potential climate impacts resulting from uncontrolled methane emissions. This work presents a multi-scale approach that integrates microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic perspectives to offer a comprehensive understanding of gas hydrate phenomena. At microscopic level, molecular dynamics simulations and material characterization techniques offer insights into structural properties and molecular interactions. Mesoscopic studies, employing computational fluid dynamics and microfluidic experiments, provide insights into gas hydrate behavior in confined spaces. Macroscopic investigations, including laboratory experiments and multi-physical field coupling simulations, assess the effectiveness and environmental impacts of various exploitation techniques. The review concludes by examining the challenges and opportunities in the field, providing a roadmap for researchers and policymakers aiming to harness the potential of gas hydrates while mitigating associated risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 108404"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108406
S. Sreejith , J. Ajayan , N.V. Uma Reddy , M. Saravanan , M. Gurupriya , Ribu Mathew
About 88% of the fuels used for energy generation are generated from oil. The use of fossil fuels (FFs) has been declining recently due to oil supplies depletion and associated issues like global warming and environmental degradation brought on by the emissions of gases like CO2 and SOx. Researchers have therefore been looking for energy sources other than FFs. One of the alternatives that has been frequently observed during the past ten years is biodiesel. Biodiesel is a blend of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) made from sustainable resources including animal and vegetable fats, making it an ecologically unharmful and biodegradable fuel. This sustainable energy source has received significant attention lately because of the depletion of FFs, rising greenhouse gas emissions, and environmental pollution. Diesel engines can use biodiesel without any modifications. The concentration of contaminants such as hydrocarbon compounds, CO and particulate matter is reduced when biodiesel is added to diesel and used in diesel engines. However, inefficiencies in industrial processes are the root cause of the high cost of producing biodiesel. There are numerous methods for creating biodiesel, such as microemulsion, transesterification, esterification (EST) and pyrolysis reactions. Transesterification is one of the methods that has the most promise for increased output. This article critically analyses recent advances in advanced biodiesel synthesis methodologies via sustainable nanocatalysts (NC) like metal oxides, magnetic nanoparticles etc., and discusses operating variables that affect biodiesel yields.
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Selective hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) is a benchmark reaction in lignocellulosic biomass valorization. In this study, we investigated the structure–activity relationships of Co catalysts supported on γ-Al₂O₃, MgO, and MgAl. Catalysts were synthesized via incipient wetness impregnation and characterized using ex-situ and in-situ techniques to elucidate structural properties. The oxide supports exerted a strong influence on Co dispersion, oxidation state, and acid–base characteristics. Co/Al₂O₃ provided high surface area and well-dispersed Co0 species, whereas Co/MgO stabilized larger, partially oxidized particles of low reducibility. In contrast, Co/MgAl exhibited an intermediate state of predominantly Co0 with minor Co2+ species, accompanied by high H₂ adsorption and suitable acidity and basicity. Under 30 bar H₂ in 2-propanol, Co/MgAl achieved 100 % LA conversion and 86 % GVL yield at 120 °C within 2 h, outperforming Co/MgO and Co/Al₂O₃. Isotopic labeling with D₂O and 2-PrOD₈ confirmed dual hydrogenation pathways via direct H₂ activation and solvent-mediated transfer hydrogenation. Regeneration–recycling tests further demonstrated the superior stability of Co/MgAl, retaining 80 % GVL yield after four cycles with minimal Co leaching. These findings emphasize the role of support-induced structural modulation in LA hydrogenation, establishing Co/MgAl as a robust platform for scalable LA-to-GVL upgrading.
乙酰丙酸（LA）选择性加氢生成γ-戊内酯（GVL）是木质纤维素生物质增值的一个基准反应。在这项研究中，我们研究了γ-Al₂O₃、MgO和MgAl负载的Co催化剂的构效关系。采用初湿浸渍法制备了催化剂，并用原位和非原位技术对催化剂进行了表征。氧化物载体对钴的分散、氧化态和酸碱特性有很大的影响。Co/Al₂O₃提供了高表面积和分散良好的Co0物种，而Co/MgO稳定了较大的、部分氧化的低还原性颗粒。Co/MgAl表现为以Co0为主的中间态，Co2+含量较少，具有较高的H₂吸附性和适宜的酸碱度。在2-丙醇中，在30 bar H₂条件下，Co/MgAl在120°C下，在2 H内实现了100%的LA转化率和86%的GVL收率，优于Co/MgO和Co/Al₂O₃。用D₂O和2-PrOD₈同位素标记确定了通过直接H₂活化和溶剂介导的转移氢化的双重氢化途径。再生-循环试验进一步证明了Co/MgAl的优越稳定性，在4个循环后保持80%的GVL产率，且Co浸出率最低。这些发现强调了支持诱导的结构调制在LA加氢中的作用，建立了Co/MgAl作为可扩展的LA到gvl升级的强大平台。
{"title":"Engineering support-dependent structures of Co catalysts on MgO, MgAl, and Al₂O₃ for selective transformation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone","authors":"Pratikkumar Lakhani , Ravichanon Sakdee , Sakhon Ratchahat , Chularat Sakdaronnarong , Wanida Koo-amornpattana , Wanwisa Limphirat , Suttichai Assabumrungrat , Atthapon Srifa","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2026.108397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selective hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) is a benchmark reaction in lignocellulosic biomass valorization. In this study, we investigated the structure–activity relationships of Co catalysts supported on γ-Al₂O₃, MgO, and MgAl. Catalysts were synthesized via incipient wetness impregnation and characterized using <em>ex-situ</em> and <em>in-situ</em> techniques to elucidate structural properties. The oxide supports exerted a strong influence on Co dispersion, oxidation state, and acid–base characteristics. Co/Al₂O₃ provided high surface area and well-dispersed Co<sup>0</sup> species, whereas Co/MgO stabilized larger, partially oxidized particles of low reducibility. In contrast, Co/MgAl exhibited an intermediate state of predominantly Co<sup>0</sup> with minor Co<sup>2+</sup> species, accompanied by high H₂ adsorption and suitable acidity and basicity. Under 30 bar H₂ in 2-propanol, Co/MgAl achieved 100 % LA conversion and 86 % GVL yield at 120 °C within 2 h, outperforming Co/MgO and Co/Al₂O₃. Isotopic labeling with D₂O and 2-PrOD₈ confirmed dual hydrogenation pathways via direct H₂ activation and solvent-mediated transfer hydrogenation. Regeneration–recycling tests further demonstrated the superior stability of Co/MgAl, retaining 80 % GVL yield after four cycles with minimal Co leaching. These findings emphasize the role of support-induced structural modulation in LA hydrogenation, establishing Co/MgAl as a robust platform for scalable LA-to-GVL upgrading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"282 ","pages":"Article 108397"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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