Pub Date : 2024-10-14DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108141
Zhiqing Zhang , Weihuang Zhong , Mingzhang Pan , Zibin Yin , Kai Lu
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is an important method to control nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from diesel engines. Excellent SCR structural parameters are the key to effectively reduce NOx and back pressure. The dynamic reaction processes of NOx standard reaction, fast reaction and NO2-SCR reaction are deeply explored by establishing the Eley-Rideal model. The results show that the wall thickness and washcoat thickness of the SCR are the main determinants of the catalyst performance, while the CPSI has a great influence on the pressure drop. In addition, regression prediction analysis of experimental data by random forest (RF), particle swarm optimized backpropagation artificial neural network (PSOBP-ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) was performed to explore the coupling relation functions of structural parameters, and optimal test results were solved and verified. The denitrification efficiency of the structure-optimized SCR system increased by 22 % and the pressure drop decreased by 23 %.
{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of structural parameters of SCR system under Eley-Rideal reaction mechanism based on machine learning coupled with response surface methodology","authors":"Zhiqing Zhang , Weihuang Zhong , Mingzhang Pan , Zibin Yin , Kai Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is an important method to control nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) emissions from diesel engines. Excellent SCR structural parameters are the key to effectively reduce NO<sub>x</sub> and back pressure. The dynamic reaction processes of NO<sub>x</sub> standard reaction, fast reaction and NO<sub>2</sub>-SCR reaction are deeply explored by establishing the Eley-Rideal model. The results show that the wall thickness and washcoat thickness of the SCR are the main determinants of the catalyst performance, while the CPSI has a great influence on the pressure drop. In addition, regression prediction analysis of experimental data by random forest (RF), particle swarm optimized backpropagation artificial neural network (PSOBP-ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) was performed to explore the coupling relation functions of structural parameters, and optimal test results were solved and verified. The denitrification efficiency of the structure-optimized SCR system increased by 22 % and the pressure drop decreased by 23 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"265 ","pages":"Article 108141"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108140
Jiangnan Xiang, Wei Zhang, Yuting Wang, Haiying Lu, Yan Wang, Weijiong Dai, Binbin Fan, Jiajun Zheng, Jinghong Ma, Ruifeng Li
Mordenite-ZSM-22 composite zeolite is prepared by the physical mixing. The structure, pore properties, acid properties and diffusion properties of samples are characterized by the means of XRD, N2 physical adsorption-desorption, SEM, TEM, NH3-TPD, Py-IR, and ZLC. The pore properties and acid properties of mordenite-ZSM-22 composite zeolite can be efficiently modulated by changing mass ratio of mordenite and ZSM-22. In n-C12 hydroisomerization reaction, Pt/HMZ-x displays great capacity in modulate n-dodecane isomers distribution (mono-branched i-C12, multi-branched i-C12, terminal branched i-C12 and central branched i-C12), these results are ascribed to that these composite zeolite catalysts combined the topology structure advantage of mordenite and ZSM-22. When reaction temperature is 280 °C, the ratio of mono-branched i-C12 selectivity to multi-branched i-C12 selectivity (SMB/SMTB) of Pt/HZSM-22, Pt/HMZ-1, Pt/HMZ-3, Pt/HMZ-5 and Pt/HMOR were 37.64, 15.04, 5.48, 5.20 and 1.47, respectively. The ZLC diffusion experiment results indicate that low isomer selectivity of Pt/HMOR is due to its poor diffusivity. On the contrary, Pt/HZSM-22 favors the diffusion of reactants and has better catalytic performance.
{"title":"Modulating isomers distribution of n-dodecane hydroisomerization by mordenite-ZSM-22 composite zeolite","authors":"Jiangnan Xiang, Wei Zhang, Yuting Wang, Haiying Lu, Yan Wang, Weijiong Dai, Binbin Fan, Jiajun Zheng, Jinghong Ma, Ruifeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mordenite-ZSM-22 composite zeolite is prepared by the physical mixing. The structure, pore properties, acid properties and diffusion properties of samples are characterized by the means of XRD, N<sub>2</sub> physical adsorption-desorption, SEM, TEM, NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD, Py-IR, and ZLC. The pore properties and acid properties of mordenite-ZSM-22 composite zeolite can be efficiently modulated by changing mass ratio of mordenite and ZSM-22. In <em>n</em>-C<sub>12</sub> hydroisomerization reaction, Pt/HMZ-<em>x</em> displays great capacity in modulate <em>n</em>-dodecane isomers distribution (mono-branched <em>i</em>-C<sub>12</sub>, multi-branched <em>i</em>-C<sub>12</sub>, terminal branched <em>i</em>-C<sub>12</sub> and central branched <em>i</em>-C<sub>12</sub>), these results are ascribed to that these composite zeolite catalysts combined the topology structure advantage of mordenite and ZSM-22. When reaction temperature is 280 °C, the ratio of mono-branched <em>i</em>-C<sub>12</sub> selectivity to multi-branched <em>i</em>-C<sub>12</sub> selectivity (S<sub>MB</sub>/S<sub>MTB</sub>) of Pt/HZSM-22, Pt/HMZ-1, Pt/HMZ-3, Pt/HMZ-5 and Pt/HMOR were 37.64, 15.04, 5.48, 5.20 and 1.47, respectively. The ZLC diffusion experiment results indicate that low isomer selectivity of Pt/HMOR is due to its poor diffusivity. On the contrary, Pt/HZSM-22 favors the diffusion of reactants and has better catalytic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108140"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108142
Ge Wang , Xu Yang , Wei Li , Yi Gao , Yunpeng Liu , Yingwen Yan
To obtain the ignition performance of an integrated inclined combustor, we perform an experimental study on the ignition performance of an inclined combustor under various ignition positions, inlet flow rates, and fuel air ratios (FARs). The experimental results reveal the following. 1) During ignition at I1, the inclined combustor presents the best ignition performance. 2) The forward propagation process of flame along the swirler's inclined direction easily realizes flame propagation, whereas the backward flame propagation process in the swirler's inclined direction is difficult to achieve; forward and backward flame propagations exhibit evident differences. 3) The diffusion propagation of swirl flames at the ignition head is the main means swirl flames are generated at the nonignition head. 4) During the ignition process, the combustion intensity increases with the increase in FAR and decreases with the increase in inlet flow rate. 5) The successful ignition time decreases with the increase in inlet flow rate and FAR.
为了获得一体化倾斜燃烧器的点火性能，我们对倾斜燃烧器在不同点火位置、进气流速和燃料空气比（FAR）下的点火性能进行了实验研究。实验结果如下1) 在 I1 点火时，倾斜燃烧器的点火性能最好。2) 火焰沿漩涡器倾斜方向的前向传播过程容易实现，而在漩涡器倾斜方向的后向传播过程则难以实现；前向和后向火焰传播表现出明显的差异。3）漩涡火焰在点火头的扩散传播是漩涡火焰在非点火头产生的主要途径。4) 在点火过程中，燃烧强度随 FAR 的增大而增大，随入口流速的增大而减小。5) 成功点火时间随入口流速和 FAR 的增加而缩短。
{"title":"Experimental study on ignition characteristics of an integrated inclined combustor","authors":"Ge Wang , Xu Yang , Wei Li , Yi Gao , Yunpeng Liu , Yingwen Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To obtain the ignition performance of an integrated inclined combustor, we perform an experimental study on the ignition performance of an inclined combustor under various ignition positions, inlet flow rates, and fuel air ratios (<em>FARs</em>). The experimental results reveal the following. 1) During ignition at I1, the inclined combustor presents the best ignition performance. 2) The forward propagation process of flame along the swirler's inclined direction easily realizes flame propagation, whereas the backward flame propagation process in the swirler's inclined direction is difficult to achieve; forward and backward flame propagations exhibit evident differences. 3) The diffusion propagation of swirl flames at the ignition head is the main means swirl flames are generated at the nonignition head. 4) During the ignition process, the combustion intensity increases with the increase in <em>FAR</em> and decreases with the increase in inlet flow rate. 5) The successful ignition time decreases with the increase in inlet flow rate and <em>FAR</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108142"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar-thermal biomass conversion using both direct and indirect concentrated solar thermal energy is an emerging approach that combines two renewable energy sources to enhance energy efficiency and enable sustainable processing. This review paper provides a comprehensive examination of various types of solar concentrators and reactors, showcasing the diversity of available technologies and their roles in enhancing conversion efficiency. The paper focuses on the reported studies on biomass solar-thermal conversion through gasification and pyrolysis processes, critically discussing the integrated process operating conditions and the quality of the products (biofuels). These analyses affirm the technical viability, emphasizing the relatively low energy investment required for pyrolysis compared to the total energy output from biomass feedstock. This points to the substantial promise of solar thermal biomass conversion as a sustainable and efficient renewable energy solution. The conclusion highlights the importance of ongoing research, technological advancements, and policy support to fully realize the potential of solar-thermal conversion of biomass.
{"title":"Solar-thermal conversion of biomass: Principles of solar concentrators/reactors, reported studies, and prospects for large-scale implementation","authors":"Yassir Makkawi, Mihad Ibrahim, Nihal Yasir, Omar Moussa","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-thermal biomass conversion using both direct and indirect concentrated solar thermal energy is an emerging approach that combines two renewable energy sources to enhance energy efficiency and enable sustainable processing. This review paper provides a comprehensive examination of various types of solar concentrators and reactors, showcasing the diversity of available technologies and their roles in enhancing conversion efficiency. The paper focuses on the reported studies on biomass solar-thermal conversion through gasification and pyrolysis processes, critically discussing the integrated process operating conditions and the quality of the products (biofuels). These analyses affirm the technical viability, emphasizing the relatively low energy investment required for pyrolysis compared to the total energy output from biomass feedstock. This points to the substantial promise of solar thermal biomass conversion as a sustainable and efficient renewable energy solution. The conclusion highlights the importance of ongoing research, technological advancements, and policy support to fully realize the potential of solar-thermal conversion of biomass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108139"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108138
Zhaofei Li, Ali Omidkar, Hua Song
The direct utilization of heavy and extra-heavy crude oils presents a formidable challenge due to their inherent physical and chemical properties such as high C/H ratio, extremely high viscosity and density, low APIo, super low mobility, high asphaltene and impurity (Fe, Ni, Co, S, N, etc.) contents. To tackle these problems cost-effectively, we have proposed and established a novel technique, distinct from conventional hydrotreating, for catalytic partial upgrading of extra heavy crudes with co-fed methane and a multi-functional catalyst. This technique has been further optimized using lab-scale batch reactors (100 mL, 300 mL), bench-scale and pilot-scale fixed bed reactors with their processing capacity of 250 mL/day and 20 L/day, respectively. The feasibility, stability, and profitability of this technique have been successfully verified using all these facilities and a wide variety of feedstock. Yet, further scale-up is necessary to advance this technique towards commercialization in industry. In this study, a pilot-scale prototype unit (processing capacity of 1 barrel/day) was designed and manufactured based upon the previous achievements, and a bitumen sample recovered from the Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process was chosen as a typical extra heavy crude for the upgrading. A 30-day upgrading has been conducted smoothly without clogging and a liquid yield of 96.7 % was observed with remarkable enhancements in product quality. The notable decreases in density, viscosity, TAN, asphaltene content, and sulfur content were confirmed and consistent with previous results. A low olefin content implies excellent stability and compatibility of the liquid product. Additionally, a preliminary TEA (Techno-Economic Assessment) and LCA (Life-Cycle Analysis) have been conducted and the beneficial features of this novel technique have been confirmed with higher profitability, lower cost, and lower carbon footprint. This study further consolidates the advantages of this promising technique as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to hydrotreating for processing extra heavy crudes.
{"title":"Pilot-scale study of methane-assisted catalytic bitumen partial upgrading","authors":"Zhaofei Li, Ali Omidkar, Hua Song","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The direct utilization of heavy and extra-heavy crude oils presents a formidable challenge due to their inherent physical and chemical properties such as high C/H ratio, extremely high viscosity and density, low API<sup>o</sup>, super low mobility, high asphaltene and impurity (Fe, Ni, Co, S, N, etc.) contents. To tackle these problems cost-effectively, we have proposed and established a novel technique, distinct from conventional hydrotreating, for catalytic partial upgrading of extra heavy crudes with co-fed methane and a multi-functional catalyst. This technique has been further optimized using lab-scale batch reactors (100 mL, 300 mL), bench-scale and pilot-scale fixed bed reactors with their processing capacity of 250 mL/day and 20 L/day, respectively. The feasibility, stability, and profitability of this technique have been successfully verified using all these facilities and a wide variety of feedstock. Yet, further scale-up is necessary to advance this technique towards commercialization in industry. In this study, a pilot-scale prototype unit (processing capacity of 1 barrel/day) was designed and manufactured based upon the previous achievements, and a bitumen sample recovered from the Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process was chosen as a typical extra heavy crude for the upgrading. A 30-day upgrading has been conducted smoothly without clogging and a liquid yield of 96.7 % was observed with remarkable enhancements in product quality. The notable decreases in density, viscosity, TAN, asphaltene content, and sulfur content were confirmed and consistent with previous results. A low olefin content implies excellent stability and compatibility of the liquid product. Additionally, a preliminary TEA (Techno-Economic Assessment) and LCA (Life-Cycle Analysis) have been conducted and the beneficial features of this novel technique have been confirmed with higher profitability, lower cost, and lower carbon footprint. This study further consolidates the advantages of this promising technique as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to hydrotreating for processing extra heavy crudes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108138"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108133
Tae Hoon Lee , Seong Mo Yun , Min Jae Kim , Gibeom Kim , Eun Sang Jung , Taek Hyun Oh
Pd nanocatalyst supported on amine-functionalized mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (Pd/NH2-mpg-C3N4) was investigated for dehydrogenation of formic acid. The catalyst was analyzed and tested to investigate the effect of amine functionalization on hydrogen generation from formic acid. Pd nanocatalyst was dispersed uniformly on NH2-mpg-C3N4 without agglomeration. The turnover frequency value of Pd/NH2-mpg-C3N4 was 1870 h−1, which was higher than that of Pd/mpg-C3N4 because of the amine functionalization. The Pd/NH2-mpg-C3N4 was also tested to investigate the effect of various reaction conditions (formic acid concentration, sodium formate concentration, and reaction temperature) on hydrogen generation from formic acid. Formic acid concentration negatively affected the catalytic activity, whereas sodium formate concentration positively affected it. Reaction temperature significantly affected the catalytic activity. The apparent activation energy of the Pd/NH2-mpg-C3N4 catalyst was 60.7 kJ mol−1, and a hydrogen generator with the catalyst exhibited high conversion efficiency at an elevated temperature. Consequently, a hydrogen generator with Pd/NH2-mpg-C3N4 is suitable for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems.
{"title":"Pd nanocatalyst supported on amine-functionalized mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride for formic acid hydrogen generator in the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system","authors":"Tae Hoon Lee , Seong Mo Yun , Min Jae Kim , Gibeom Kim , Eun Sang Jung , Taek Hyun Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pd nanocatalyst supported on amine-functionalized mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (Pd/NH<sub>2</sub>-mpg-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) was investigated for dehydrogenation of formic acid. The catalyst was analyzed and tested to investigate the effect of amine functionalization on hydrogen generation from formic acid. Pd nanocatalyst was dispersed uniformly on NH<sub>2</sub>-mpg-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> without agglomeration. The turnover frequency value of Pd/NH<sub>2</sub>-mpg-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> was 1870 h<sup>−1</sup>, which was higher than that of Pd/mpg-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> because of the amine functionalization. The Pd/NH<sub>2</sub>-mpg-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> was also tested to investigate the effect of various reaction conditions (formic acid concentration, sodium formate concentration, and reaction temperature) on hydrogen generation from formic acid. Formic acid concentration negatively affected the catalytic activity, whereas sodium formate concentration positively affected it. Reaction temperature significantly affected the catalytic activity. The apparent activation energy of the Pd/NH<sub>2</sub>-mpg-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> catalyst was 60.7 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>, and a hydrogen generator with the catalyst exhibited high conversion efficiency at an elevated temperature. Consequently, a hydrogen generator with Pd/NH<sub>2</sub>-mpg-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> is suitable for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108133"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024001036/pdfft?md5=43c2b4624378e152ba4b5400a83de694&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024001036-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-21DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108137
Dinku Seyoum Zeleke, Addisu Kassahun Tefera
Investigating the impact of ethanol and TiO2 on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines running on a blend of ethanol and castor biodiesel is the primary goal of this study. The nanoparticles of ethanol, biodiesel, and TiO2 diesel fuel were combined at several concentrations. Diesel, B10, B20, B30, B10E10T, B20E10T, B30E10T, B10E20T, B20E20T, and B30E20T were among the various fuels that were investigated. The physiochemical properties of all the sample fuels were assessed, including density, pour point, cloud point, fire point, flash point, and kinematic viscosity. Following this, other engine performance indicators, such as torque, power, and fuel-consumption, were examined. Studies were also carried out on the properties of emissions, including CO, CO2, HC, and NO. Peak braking power and engine torque were found for each fuel under investigation at around 2750 and 2500 rpm, respectively. The addition reduced the brake-specific fuel consumption for B10E20T by 7.41 % while increasing the braking engine's torque and power by 8.64 and 3.86 %, respectively, in compared to blends without the TiO2 additions. When compared to diesel, the exhaust emission data without the addition of TiO2 revealed a decrease in CO and HC emissions but an increase in CO2 and NO emissions. On the other hand, using ethanol blend reduced NO emissions. According to the overall findings, diesel engine performance, combustion characteristics, and exhaust gas emissions were enhanced averagely by 7.43 % when a certain ratio of ethanol, biodiesel, and TiO2 additives (B10E20 + 50 ppm) was used.
本研究的主要目的是调查乙醇和二氧化钛对使用乙醇和蓖麻生物柴油混合燃料的柴油发动机的性能和排放特性的影响。乙醇、生物柴油和 TiO2 柴油的纳米颗粒以多种浓度混合。研究的燃料包括柴油、B10、B20、B30、B10E10T、B20E10T、B30E10T、B10E20T、B20E20T 和 B30E20T。对所有样本燃料的理化特性进行了评估，包括密度、倾点、浊点、燃点、闪点和运动粘度。随后，还考察了其他发动机性能指标，如扭矩、功率和耗油量。此外，还对 CO、CO2、HC 和 NO 等排放物的特性进行了研究。研究发现，每种燃料的峰值制动功率和发动机扭矩分别约为 2750 rpm 和 2500 rpm。与不添加二氧化钛的混合燃料相比，添加二氧化钛使 B10E20T 的制动油耗降低了 7.41%，同时使制动发动机的扭矩和功率分别提高了 8.64% 和 3.86%。与柴油相比，未添加二氧化钛的废气排放数据显示 CO 和 HC 排放有所减少，但 CO2 和 NO 排放有所增加。另一方面，使用乙醇混合物则减少了氮氧化物的排放。根据总体研究结果，当使用一定比例的乙醇、生物柴油和二氧化钛添加剂（B10E20 + 50 ppm）时，柴油发动机的性能、燃烧特性和废气排放平均提高了 7.43%。
{"title":"An experimental investigation of the impacts of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and ethanol on performance and emission characteristics on diesel engines run with castor Biodiesel ethanol blended fuel","authors":"Dinku Seyoum Zeleke, Addisu Kassahun Tefera","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108137","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the impact of ethanol and TiO2 on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines running on a blend of ethanol and castor biodiesel is the primary goal of this study. The nanoparticles of ethanol, biodiesel, and TiO2 diesel fuel were combined at several concentrations. Diesel, B10, B20, B30, B10E10T, B20E10T, B30E10T, B10E20T, B20E20T, and B30E20T were among the various fuels that were investigated. The physiochemical properties of all the sample fuels were assessed, including density, pour point, cloud point, fire point, flash point, and kinematic viscosity. Following this, other engine performance indicators, such as torque, power, and fuel-consumption, were examined. Studies were also carried out on the properties of emissions, including CO, CO2, HC, and NO. Peak braking power and engine torque were found for each fuel under investigation at around 2750 and 2500 rpm, respectively. The addition reduced the brake-specific fuel consumption for B10E20T by 7.41 % while increasing the braking engine's torque and power by 8.64 and 3.86 %, respectively, in compared to blends without the TiO2 additions. When compared to diesel, the exhaust emission data without the addition of TiO2 revealed a decrease in CO and HC emissions but an increase in CO2 and NO emissions. On the other hand, using ethanol blend reduced NO emissions. According to the overall findings, diesel engine performance, combustion characteristics, and exhaust gas emissions were enhanced averagely by 7.43 % when a certain ratio of ethanol, biodiesel, and TiO2 additives (B10E20 + 50 ppm) was used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108137"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024001073/pdfft?md5=6df56c01774883acd9970b90aabcacfd&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024001073-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108132
Jing Wang , Yingying Qu , Xinyu Jiang , Frédéric Marias , Fei Wang , Yuanyuan Zhang
Traditional denitrification methods for coal-fired power boilers face challenges like reduced flue gas temperature at low loads, decreased efficiency of existing denitrification devices, and increased ammonia consumption. Biomass, a renewable energy source, has proven effective for denitrification in medium to high-temperature ranges. To improve denitrification efficiency at low loads, this study focuses on optimizing re-burning denitrification of biomass by nitrogen-impregnated of corncob at room temperature. Investigating the effects of nitrogen impregnation and washing on biomass re-burning denitrification reactivity within 550–950 °C, the study finds that denitrification efficiency improvement is not caused only by surface-covered urea or washing. Nitrogen impregnation enhances biomass pyrolysis, releasing more CO, HCN, and NH3 products, thereby enhancing NO reduction during denitrification. Additionally, nitrogen impregnation boosts nitrogen-containing functional groups such N-6 on biomass char surfaces during the re-burning process, improving denitrification efficiency. The maximum denitrification efficiency of the nitrogen impregnated sample reached 97.52 % at 950 °C, while it reached 76.51 % at 650 °C when the coated urea was washed. Furthermore, chlorine and alkali metal contents in biomass notably decrease after nitrogen-impregnation and washing, optimizing biomass combustion conditions for furnace protection. This study offers theoretical insights for promoting and applying biomass denitrification techniques.
{"title":"Investigation of NO reduction mechanism of nitrogen-impregnated biomass across wide temperature range","authors":"Jing Wang , Yingying Qu , Xinyu Jiang , Frédéric Marias , Fei Wang , Yuanyuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional denitrification methods for coal-fired power boilers face challenges like reduced flue gas temperature at low loads, decreased efficiency of existing denitrification devices, and increased ammonia consumption. Biomass, a renewable energy source, has proven effective for denitrification in medium to high-temperature ranges. To improve denitrification efficiency at low loads, this study focuses on optimizing re-burning denitrification of biomass by nitrogen-impregnated of corncob at room temperature. Investigating the effects of nitrogen impregnation and washing on biomass re-burning denitrification reactivity within 550–950 °C, the study finds that denitrification efficiency improvement is not caused only by surface-covered urea or washing. Nitrogen impregnation enhances biomass pyrolysis, releasing more CO, HCN, and NH<sub>3</sub> products, thereby enhancing NO reduction during denitrification. Additionally, nitrogen impregnation boosts nitrogen-containing functional groups such N-6 on biomass char surfaces during the re-burning process, improving denitrification efficiency. The maximum denitrification efficiency of the nitrogen impregnated sample reached 97.52 % at 950 °C, while it reached 76.51 % at 650 °C when the coated urea was washed. Furthermore, chlorine and alkali metal contents in biomass notably decrease after nitrogen-impregnation and washing, optimizing biomass combustion conditions for furnace protection. This study offers theoretical insights for promoting and applying biomass denitrification techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108132"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024001024/pdfft?md5=26dbf0d1573c202d4cbde47f6e8b0af5&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024001024-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-19DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108131
Qiao Huang , Ruomiao Yang , Junheng Liu , Tianfang Xie , Jinlong Liu
In diesel engines, nitrogen monoxide (NO) is the predominant component of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. However, when transitioning to methanol/diesel dual-fuel operation, even with a small percentage of methanol replacing diesel energy (e.g. 10 %), the concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) increases significantly, becoming comparable to that of NO. This study employs multi-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to reproduce this NO2/NOx surge ratio phenomenon and investigates the underlying mechanism driving the surge in NO2 emissions, an area insufficiently explored in existing literature. By comparing CFD simulations with and without the NO+HO2↔NO2 + OH reaction in the chemical mechanism, the results reveal that the surge in NO2 concentration disappears when this reaction is invalidated, while engine efficiency, combustion phasing, and overall NOx emissions remain largely unchanged. This indicates that the NO+HO2↔NO2 + OH reaction is the primary contributor to the sudden increase in the NO2/NOx ratio. Further analysis during the main combustion stage shows that the diesel spray splits into two distinct regions after impinging on the bowl boundary, with one region deep within the bowl and the other near the squish region. During the late oxidation stage, the diffusion flame directed towards the deep bowl area remains a high-temperature zone with a high concentration of NO, whereas the flame near the squish region evolves into a low-temperature zone due to effective mixing with the low-temperature methanol/air mixture. In these low-temperature regions, almost all NO formed during the main combustion stage is converted to NO2 during the late oxidation stage, leading to the observed NO2/NOx ratio surge. Methanol oxidation contributes HO2 radicals, which facilitate the NO-to-NO2 conversion. Consequently, the low-temperature oxidation of methanol outside the high-temperature region does not lead to thermal ignition but is instead responsible for the rare occurrence of the NO2 surge.
{"title":"Investigation of the mechanism behind the surge in nitrogen dioxide emissions in engines transitioning from pure diesel operation to methanol/diesel dual-fuel operation","authors":"Qiao Huang , Ruomiao Yang , Junheng Liu , Tianfang Xie , Jinlong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In diesel engines, nitrogen monoxide (NO) is the predominant component of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. However, when transitioning to methanol/diesel dual-fuel operation, even with a small percentage of methanol replacing diesel energy (e.g. 10 %), the concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) increases significantly, becoming comparable to that of NO. This study employs multi-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling to reproduce this NO<sub>2</sub>/NOx surge ratio phenomenon and investigates the underlying mechanism driving the surge in NO<sub>2</sub> emissions, an area insufficiently explored in existing literature. By comparing CFD simulations with and without the NO+HO<sub>2</sub>↔NO<sub>2</sub> + OH reaction in the chemical mechanism, the results reveal that the surge in NO<sub>2</sub> concentration disappears when this reaction is invalidated, while engine efficiency, combustion phasing, and overall NOx emissions remain largely unchanged. This indicates that the NO+HO<sub>2</sub>↔NO<sub>2</sub> + OH reaction is the primary contributor to the sudden increase in the NO<sub>2</sub>/NOx ratio. Further analysis during the main combustion stage shows that the diesel spray splits into two distinct regions after impinging on the bowl boundary, with one region deep within the bowl and the other near the squish region. During the late oxidation stage, the diffusion flame directed towards the deep bowl area remains a high-temperature zone with a high concentration of NO, whereas the flame near the squish region evolves into a low-temperature zone due to effective mixing with the low-temperature methanol/air mixture. In these low-temperature regions, almost all NO formed during the main combustion stage is converted to NO<sub>2</sub> during the late oxidation stage, leading to the observed NO<sub>2</sub>/NOx ratio surge. Methanol oxidation contributes HO<sub>2</sub> radicals, which facilitate the NO-to-NO<sub>2</sub> conversion. Consequently, the low-temperature oxidation of methanol outside the high-temperature region does not lead to thermal ignition but is instead responsible for the rare occurrence of the NO<sub>2</sub> surge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108131"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024001012/pdfft?md5=c3715bc5aacc519a78369d93364876b5&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024001012-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142310559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108130
Jae-Rang Youn , Min-Jae Kim , Ki Cheol Kim , Mincheol Kim , Taesung Jung , Kang-Seok Go , Sang Goo Jeon , Woohyun Kim
The catalytic decomposition of methane (CDM) is a hydrogen and nanostructured carbon production process with minimal CO2 emission. Among the transition metal-based catalysts (e.g. Ni, Fe, Co, etc.), Ni-based catalysts are most widely studied due to the higher catalytic activity in decomposing methane. However, the limited lifespan of the catalyst makes it unsuitable for practical applications. Effective methane decomposition catalysts should be designed to optimize both reaction efficiency and catalyst lifetime. A Ni/CeO2 catalyst, developed in previous studies, Co was added to promote low-temperature (< 700 °C) activity manipulating the redox property of Co. Among the prepared catalysts with varying Ni:Co ratio, the methane conversion rate of the Ni8Co2/CeO2 catalyst was approximately twice that of the Ni10/CeO2 catalyst, confirming its excellent low-temperature activity. The reaction rate of Ni8Co2/CeO2 catalyst was 4.38 mmol/min∙gcat at 600 °C with WHSV of 36 L/gcat∙h. In terms of characteristics of carbon products, Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed that the carbon grown on the catalyst surface exhibited high crystallinity, with D-G band ratio (ID/IG) of 1.01. The fresh and used catalyst samples were characterized by TEM, XPS, XAS, and other methods to analyze the parameters affecting catalytic activity.
{"title":"Highly efficient Co-added Ni/CeO2 catalyst for co-production of hydrogen and carbon nanotubes by methane decomposition","authors":"Jae-Rang Youn , Min-Jae Kim , Ki Cheol Kim , Mincheol Kim , Taesung Jung , Kang-Seok Go , Sang Goo Jeon , Woohyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The catalytic decomposition of methane (CDM) is a hydrogen and nanostructured carbon production process with minimal CO<sub>2</sub> emission. Among the transition metal-based catalysts (e.g. Ni, Fe, Co, etc.), Ni-based catalysts are most widely studied due to the higher catalytic activity in decomposing methane. However, the limited lifespan of the catalyst makes it unsuitable for practical applications. Effective methane decomposition catalysts should be designed to optimize both reaction efficiency and catalyst lifetime. A Ni/CeO<sub>2</sub> catalyst, developed in previous studies, Co was added to promote low-temperature (< 700 °C) activity manipulating the redox property of Co. Among the prepared catalysts with varying Ni:Co ratio, the methane conversion rate of the Ni<sub>8</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub> catalyst was approximately twice that of the Ni<sub>10</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub> catalyst, confirming its excellent low-temperature activity. The reaction rate of Ni<sub>8</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub> catalyst was 4.38 mmol/min∙g<sub>cat</sub> at 600 °C with WHSV of 36 L/g<sub>cat</sub>∙h. In terms of characteristics of carbon products, Raman spectroscopy analysis revealed that the carbon grown on the catalyst surface exhibited high crystallinity, with D-G band ratio (I<sub>D</sub>/I<sub>G</sub>) of 1.01. The fresh and used catalyst samples were characterized by TEM, XPS, XAS, and other methods to analyze the parameters affecting catalytic activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"263 ","pages":"Article 108130"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024001000/pdfft?md5=00c48cd2f13854b03ac8474c92325edf&pid=1-s2.0-S0378382024001000-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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