Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108361
Tawfiq Al Wasif-Ruiz , Paloma Álvarez-Mateos , José Alberto Sánchez-Martín , María Guirado , Carmen Cecilia Barrios-Sánchez
{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Influence of fuel formulation on exhaust emissions from gasoline direct injection vehicle’ [Fuel Processing Technology, Volume 272, July 2025, 108215]","authors":"Tawfiq Al Wasif-Ruiz , Paloma Álvarez-Mateos , José Alberto Sánchez-Martín , María Guirado , Carmen Cecilia Barrios-Sánchez","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108361","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 108361"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steelmaking is essential to modern society but remains a major CO₂ emitter. To mitigate this, technologies like hydrogen-based steelmaking and alternative reducing agents are being explored. Injecting coke oven gas (COG) into blast furnaces offers a promising way to reduce CO₂ emissions and affects combustion behavior in the raceway. However, the impact of simultaneous COG and pulverized coal injection remains unclear due to complex in-furnace phenomena. This study develops a three-dimensional numerical model using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to simulate reacting two-phase flow in the raceway under varying COG injection rates. The model is validated against data from a tuyere combustion simulator, confirming its accuracy in capturing combustion and gasification of pulverized coal and coke. Simulations show that COG injection affects gas concentration, reaction zones, and temperature profiles. While COG promotes overall reaction rates, it alters oxygen distribution, influencing coal burnout. The study also reveals that the frequency of coal-coke collisions impacts coke consumption and coal's carbon conversion rate. Furthermore, it clarifies how COG modifies the proportions of gases reacting with coal and coke, offering insights for optimizing combustion in blast furnaces.
{"title":"Numerical analysis-based evaluation of combustion and gasification characteristics of pulverized coal and coke in the raceway region","authors":"Hiroki Umetsu , Kenji Tanno , Toshiaki Fukada , Satoshi Umemoto , Kazuki Tainaka , Atsushi Ikeda , Kota Moriya , Akinori Murao , Hiroaki Watanabe","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steelmaking is essential to modern society but remains a major CO₂ emitter. To mitigate this, technologies like hydrogen-based steelmaking and alternative reducing agents are being explored. Injecting coke oven gas (COG) into blast furnaces offers a promising way to reduce CO₂ emissions and affects combustion behavior in the raceway. However, the impact of simultaneous COG and pulverized coal injection remains unclear due to complex in-furnace phenomena. This study develops a three-dimensional numerical model using the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to simulate reacting two-phase flow in the raceway under varying COG injection rates. The model is validated against data from a tuyere combustion simulator, confirming its accuracy in capturing combustion and gasification of pulverized coal and coke. Simulations show that COG injection affects gas concentration, reaction zones, and temperature profiles. While COG promotes overall reaction rates, it alters oxygen distribution, influencing coal burnout. The study also reveals that the frequency of coal-coke collisions impacts coke consumption and coal's carbon conversion rate. Furthermore, it clarifies how COG modifies the proportions of gases reacting with coal and coke, offering insights for optimizing combustion in blast furnaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 108360"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145526015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study provides a detailed techno-economic and environmental analysis of the Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) conversion process, comparing an innovative membrane-based design with the traditional GTL process. Both designs were validated through comprehensive simulations, with mass and energy balances aligned with literature data. Due to economic and environmental factors, the membrane-based design was iteratively refined to develop an efficient GTL configuration. Using an integrated environmental-economic algorithm, lifecycle assessment and economic analysis were conducted simultaneously. Results indicate that the total capital investment for the membrane-based design, approximately $1941 million, is 26 % lower than the conventional design, which costs $2616 million. Production costs in the membrane-based design decreased by about 10 %, reaching $1298 per ton compared to $1503 per ton for the conventional design. Additionally, the payback period and internal rate of return improved by 47 % and 86 %, respectively. Environmentally, the membrane-based design reduced the total carbon footprint by 14 % (from 41.20 to 20.83 tons of CO2 per hour) and water footprint by 13 %. Other environmental impacts include reductions in acidification potential (19.4 %), eutrophication potential (19.6 %), ozone depletion potential (51.3 %), photochemical ozone creation potential (17.4 %), and human toxicity potential (22.3 %). Sensitivity analysis identified a flare gas flow rate of 138 kg per unit performance as the optimal balance between carbon footprint and payback period. This study demonstrates the superiority of the membrane-based design in maximizing the value of flare gas, offering an innovative solution for GTL processes.
{"title":"Integrated environmental and techno-economic assessment for membrane-based gas-to-liquid process to green flare gas valorisation","authors":"Kamran Ghasemzadeh , Mostafa Jafari , Yash Bansod , Vincenzo Spallina , Maria-Chiara Ferrari , Adolfo Iulianelli","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a detailed techno-economic and environmental analysis of the Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) conversion process, comparing an innovative membrane-based design with the traditional GTL process. Both designs were validated through comprehensive simulations, with mass and energy balances aligned with literature data. Due to economic and environmental factors, the membrane-based design was iteratively refined to develop an efficient GTL configuration. Using an integrated environmental-economic algorithm, lifecycle assessment and economic analysis were conducted simultaneously. Results indicate that the total capital investment for the membrane-based design, approximately $1941 million, is 26 % lower than the conventional design, which costs $2616 million. Production costs in the membrane-based design decreased by about 10 %, reaching $1298 per ton compared to $1503 per ton for the conventional design. Additionally, the payback period and internal rate of return improved by 47 % and 86 %, respectively. Environmentally, the membrane-based design reduced the total carbon footprint by 14 % (from 41.20 to 20.83 tons of CO<sub>2</sub> per hour) and water footprint by 13 %. Other environmental impacts include reductions in acidification potential (19.4 %), eutrophication potential (19.6 %), ozone depletion potential (51.3 %), photochemical ozone creation potential (17.4 %), and human toxicity potential (22.3 %). Sensitivity analysis identified a flare gas flow rate of 138 kg per unit performance as the optimal balance between carbon footprint and payback period. This study demonstrates the superiority of the membrane-based design in maximizing the value of flare gas, offering an innovative solution for GTL processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 108357"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108354
Chenglong Dong , Qingqing Xie , Jikun Liu , Haodong Wang , Jinsen Gao , Chunming Xu , Yehua Han
Understanding the structural determinants of sulfur compound reactivity during hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is critical for optimizing catalyst design and deep desulfurization processes. This study integrates ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), and theoretical calculations to unravel the molecular transformations of alkyl-substituted benzothiophenes (BTs) and dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) in petroleum. UHRMS provided precise molecular formulas, while IMS resolved isomeric diversity, quantified via full width at half maximum (FWHM) analysis. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) differentiated long- and short-chain alkyl substitution patterns, and experimental collision cross-section (CCS) measurements were validated against theoretical calculations to confirm structural identities. Post-HDS analysis revealed reduced molecular diversity in DBTs (DBE = 9), indicating preferential reactivity of dominant isomers, whereas BTs (DBE = 6) exhibited increased isomer diversity and decreased average CCS, suggesting selective retention of compact, multi-short-alkyl-substituted isomers. Theoretical modeling further demonstrated that sulfur compounds with multiple short alkyl chains exhibit lower HDS reactivity, likely due to steric hindrance or thermodynamic stability. These findings highlight the critical role of alkyl substitution patterns in governing sulfur compound reactivity, providing molecular-level insights into structure-activity relationships. The methodology and results advance the rational design of HDS catalysts and process parameters, targeting recalcitrant sulfur species for efficient deep desulfurization in petroleum refining.
{"title":"Unraveling alkyl-substituted sulfur-containing compound reactivity in hydrodesulfurization via multidimensional mass spectrometry and computational modeling","authors":"Chenglong Dong , Qingqing Xie , Jikun Liu , Haodong Wang , Jinsen Gao , Chunming Xu , Yehua Han","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the structural determinants of sulfur compound reactivity during hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is critical for optimizing catalyst design and deep desulfurization processes. This study integrates ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHRMS), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), and theoretical calculations to unravel the molecular transformations of alkyl-substituted benzothiophenes (BTs) and dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) in petroleum. UHRMS provided precise molecular formulas, while IMS resolved isomeric diversity, quantified via full width at half maximum (FWHM) analysis. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) differentiated long- and short-chain alkyl substitution patterns, and experimental collision cross-section (CCS) measurements were validated against theoretical calculations to confirm structural identities. Post-HDS analysis revealed reduced molecular diversity in DBTs (DBE = 9), indicating preferential reactivity of dominant isomers, whereas BTs (DBE = 6) exhibited increased isomer diversity and decreased average CCS, suggesting selective retention of compact, multi-short-alkyl-substituted isomers. Theoretical modeling further demonstrated that sulfur compounds with multiple short alkyl chains exhibit lower HDS reactivity, likely due to steric hindrance or thermodynamic stability. These findings highlight the critical role of alkyl substitution patterns in governing sulfur compound reactivity, providing molecular-level insights into structure-activity relationships. The methodology and results advance the rational design of HDS catalysts and process parameters, targeting recalcitrant sulfur species for efficient deep desulfurization in petroleum refining.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 108354"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108358
M. Kresta , D. Weilguni , J. Keifenheim , J. Krüger , R. Salchner , A. Hofmann , C. Pfeifer
The shift from high-quality woodchips to low-quality feedstocks increasingly shapes biomass gasification. Small- to medium-scale plants face challenges from heterogeneous feedstock and tar formation, with a research gap in producing energetically useable product gas without extensive cleaning. This study investigates gasification of different waste wood fractions in a two-stage process using a novel bubbling fluidised bed reactor without bed material. Two steam generation strategies were applied: steam-saturated air and direct water injection. Combining secondary air with steam-saturated primary air improved temperature control, reduced slagging, and ensured stable thermal stratification across feed rates. While raising the steam-to-biomass ratio did not significantly enhance efficiency, it strongly reduced tar: PAH16 and BTX decreased by up to 85 % and 65 %. Gas composition showed slight increases in H2 and CH4, a decrease in CO, and stable values for heating value, gas yield, and conversion efficiency. The product gas exhibited an LHV of 3.7-4.2 MJNm−3, gas yields of 1.9-2.8 Nm3kg−1, and cold gas efficiencies of 52.5-57.8 %, comparable to values reported for high-quality woodchips. Total tar concentrations remained low (0.92-2.8 gNm−3), demonstrating that autothermal operation with controlled secondary air and steam-saturated primary air provides both efficient energy recovery and effective tar reduction, even for low-quality feedstocks.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of a novel two-stage waste wood gasifier: Influence of steam-to-biomass ratio and in-situ steam generation on tar formation","authors":"M. Kresta , D. Weilguni , J. Keifenheim , J. Krüger , R. Salchner , A. Hofmann , C. Pfeifer","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shift from high-quality woodchips to low-quality feedstocks increasingly shapes biomass gasification. Small- to medium-scale plants face challenges from heterogeneous feedstock and tar formation, with a research gap in producing energetically useable product gas without extensive cleaning. This study investigates gasification of different waste wood fractions in a two-stage process using a novel bubbling fluidised bed reactor without bed material. Two steam generation strategies were applied: steam-saturated air and direct water injection. Combining secondary air with steam-saturated primary air improved temperature control, reduced slagging, and ensured stable thermal stratification across feed rates. While raising the steam-to-biomass ratio did not significantly enhance efficiency, it strongly reduced tar: PAH16 and BTX decreased by up to 85<!--> <!-->% and 65<!--> <!-->%. Gas composition showed slight increases in H<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>, a decrease in CO, and stable values for heating value, gas yield, and conversion efficiency. The product gas exhibited an LHV of 3.7-4.2<!--> <!-->MJNm<sup>−3</sup>, gas yields of 1.9-2.8<!--> <!-->Nm<sup>3</sup>kg<sup>−1</sup>, and cold gas efficiencies of 52.5-57.8<!--> <!-->%, comparable to values reported for high-quality woodchips. Total tar concentrations remained low (0.92-2.8<!--> <!-->gNm<sup>−3</sup>), demonstrating that autothermal operation with controlled secondary air and steam-saturated primary air provides both efficient energy recovery and effective tar reduction, even for low-quality feedstocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 108358"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108351
Yanli Wu , Zhiwei Zhang , Di Zhang , Lixing Zheng , Jianchao Ma
Renewable methanol production a promising pathway for industrial decarbonization, yet off-grid Power-to-Methanol (PTM) deployment is limited by the intermittency of wind and solar resources. With the aim to optimally configure an off-grid PTM system balancing efficiency, cost, and renewable utilization, we propose a flexible off-grid PTM process that integrates H₂O/CO₂ co-electrolysis and CO₂ energy storage, with a focus on the process intensification and flexibility operation. We employ a two-stage optimal dispatch model to determine optimal system capacities and conduct techno-economic assessment. Results show that the optimized system achieves 95.5 % renewable penetration, 62.0 % energy efficiency, a minimum levelized cost of methanol of $902.3/t, and a negative carbon intensity of −0.90 t CO₂ t−1 MeOH. Flexible operation extends annual operating hours of the solid oxide electrolysis cell and methanol synthesis unit to 8730 h and 8345 h, respectively. Sensitivity analysis identifies the solid oxide electrolysis cells as critical cost drivers. This work provides a technical solution for the efficient use of renewable energy in remote regions and presents a conceptual techno-economic design study based on modeling and simulation. These findings demonstrate that process flexibility and energy storage enable economically competitive, carbon-negative methanol production, advancing the role of PTM in industrial decarbonization.
可再生甲醇生产是工业脱碳的一个有前途的途径，但离网发电制甲醇（PTM）的部署受到风能和太阳能资源间歇性的限制。为了优化配置离网PTM系统，平衡效率、成本和可再生能源利用，我们提出了一种结合H₂O/CO₂共电解和CO₂储能的柔性离网PTM工艺，重点关注工艺集约化和灵活性操作。我们采用两阶段最优调度模型来确定最优系统容量并进行技术经济评估。结果表明，优化后的体系可再生能源渗透率为95.5%，能源效率为62.0%，甲醇的最低平准化成本为902.3美元/t，负碳强度为- 0.90 t CO₂t - 1 MeOH。灵活操作将固体氧化物电解池和甲醇合成装置的年运行时间分别延长至8730小时和8345小时。敏感性分析表明固体氧化物电解电池是关键的成本驱动因素。本研究为偏远地区可再生能源的有效利用提供了技术解决方案，并提出了基于建模和仿真的概念性技术经济设计研究。这些发现表明，工艺灵活性和能量存储能够实现具有经济竞争力的碳负甲醇生产，推进PTM在工业脱碳中的作用。
{"title":"Flexible off-grid renewable power-to-methanol system: Techno-economic optimization","authors":"Yanli Wu , Zhiwei Zhang , Di Zhang , Lixing Zheng , Jianchao Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Renewable methanol production a promising pathway for industrial decarbonization, yet off-grid Power-to-Methanol (PTM) deployment is limited by the intermittency of wind and solar resources. With the aim to optimally configure an off-grid PTM system balancing efficiency, cost, and renewable utilization, we propose a flexible off-grid PTM process that integrates H₂O/CO₂ co-electrolysis and CO₂ energy storage, with a focus on the process intensification and flexibility operation. We employ a two-stage optimal dispatch model to determine optimal system capacities and conduct techno-economic assessment. Results show that the optimized system achieves 95.5 % renewable penetration, 62.0 % energy efficiency, a minimum levelized cost of methanol of $902.3/t, and a negative carbon intensity of −0.90 t CO₂ t<sup>−1</sup> MeOH. Flexible operation extends annual operating hours of the solid oxide electrolysis cell and methanol synthesis unit to 8730 h and 8345 h, respectively. Sensitivity analysis identifies the solid oxide electrolysis cells as critical cost drivers. This work provides a technical solution for the efficient use of renewable energy in remote regions and presents a conceptual techno-economic design study based on modeling and simulation. These findings demonstrate that process flexibility and energy storage enable economically competitive, carbon-negative methanol production, advancing the role of PTM in industrial decarbonization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 108351"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108356
Luxin Zhang , Lu Wang , Weiwei Shi , Yi Feng , Rong Chen
Abundant lipids-containing sewage sludge are potential inexpensive alternative substrate for biodiesel production. Herein, a novel polyoxometalate, Cs10[H1.8Ge3.2Nb11O39], with desirable acid-base bifunctionality, was synthesized. It demonstrated high efficiency in facilitating biodiesel production from sewage sludge, through in-situ esterification/transesterification, resulted in maximum biodiesel yields of 94.4 %. The catalyst exhibited good resistance to free fatty acids and demonstrated high water tolerance, retaining over 60 % yield even at 99 wt% moisture. To predict and optimize biodiesel yield from sewage sludge, this study presents a novel machine learning framework that integrates Radial Basis Function (RBF) interpolation-based data augmentation with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling, achieving a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.96) and reduced prediction errors. The incorporation of RBF-enhanced data augmentation effectively mitigates model overfitting while improving cost-effectiveness. The influence of each parameter and relative importance of key reaction parameters on biodiesel production was elucidated by SHapley Additive exPlanations and partial dependence analysis. The physicochemical characteristics of the produced biodiesel met the specifications of international standards, indicating its potential to replace diesel fuel. This study not only offers a new approach to advancing sustainable biodiesel production processes with cheap substrates but also provides practical guidance for sewage sludge treatment and upcycling.
{"title":"Biodiesel production from sewage sludge catalyzed by polyoxometalate Cs10[H1.8Ge3.2Nb11O39]: Experiments, mechanism and machine learning modeling with radial basis function interpolation based data augmentation","authors":"Luxin Zhang , Lu Wang , Weiwei Shi , Yi Feng , Rong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abundant lipids-containing sewage sludge are potential inexpensive alternative substrate for biodiesel production. Herein, a novel polyoxometalate, Cs<sub>10</sub>[H<sub>1.8</sub>Ge<sub>3.2</sub>Nb<sub>11</sub>O<sub>39</sub>], with desirable acid-base bifunctionality, was synthesized. It demonstrated high efficiency in facilitating biodiesel production from sewage sludge, through in-situ esterification/transesterification, resulted in maximum biodiesel yields of 94.4 %. The catalyst exhibited good resistance to free fatty acids and demonstrated high water tolerance, retaining over 60 % yield even at 99 wt% moisture. To predict and optimize biodiesel yield from sewage sludge, this study presents a novel machine learning framework that integrates Radial Basis Function (RBF) interpolation-based data augmentation with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling, achieving a high coefficient of determination (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96) and reduced prediction errors. The incorporation of RBF-enhanced data augmentation effectively mitigates model overfitting while improving cost-effectiveness. The influence of each parameter and relative importance of key reaction parameters on biodiesel production was elucidated by SHapley Additive exPlanations and partial dependence analysis. The physicochemical characteristics of the produced biodiesel met the specifications of international standards, indicating its potential to replace diesel fuel. This study not only offers a new approach to advancing sustainable biodiesel production processes with cheap substrates but also provides practical guidance for sewage sludge treatment and upcycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 108356"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145425293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108353
Pasquale Francesco Zito , Jan Veres , Adolfo Iulianelli
Separation of H2 from CO2 is crucial in industry, since they are the products of water gas shift reaction. In addition, the demand for pure H2, as well as the potential reuse of CO2 as reactant, are increasing as a consequence of the transition from fossil fuels to decarbonization processes.
In this scenario, this work aims to propose a possible solution to get simultaneously pure H2 and CO2, meeting the world's requirements in terms of reduction of CO2 emissions and transition to cleaner energy. A simulated plant combining Pd-based and SAPO-34 membrane modules is able to provide pure H2, with a final recovery higher than 97%. In addition, the entire CO2 fed to SAPO-34 unit is recovered in the permeate stream, with a concentration of 97.7%.
A cost analysis shows that feed gas gives a higher contribution than compression, heat exchange and membranes (e.g., 70, 20, 3 and 7% respectively). Net profit and net present value are positive within a specific feed gas price range (e.g., net profit up to 0.10 and 0.155 $/Nm3, depending on the labour cost set), showing that the process can be cost-effective and profitable. H2 purification cost ranges between 2.6 and 7.8 $/kg.
{"title":"Decarbonised H2 recovery and CO2 capture using a cost-effective membrane plant: A step towards energy transition","authors":"Pasquale Francesco Zito , Jan Veres , Adolfo Iulianelli","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Separation of H<sub>2</sub> from CO<sub>2</sub> is crucial in industry, since they are the products of water gas shift reaction. In addition, the demand for pure H<sub>2</sub>, as well as the potential reuse of CO<sub>2</sub> as reactant, are increasing as a consequence of the transition from fossil fuels to decarbonization processes.</div><div>In this scenario, this work aims to propose a possible solution to get simultaneously pure H<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>, meeting the world's requirements in terms of reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and transition to cleaner energy. A simulated plant combining Pd-based and SAPO-34 membrane modules is able to provide pure H<sub>2</sub>, with a final recovery higher than 97%. In addition, the entire CO<sub>2</sub> fed to SAPO-34 unit is recovered in the permeate stream, with a concentration of 97.7%.</div><div>A cost analysis shows that feed gas gives a higher contribution than compression, heat exchange and membranes (e.g., 70, 20, 3 and 7% respectively). Net profit and net present value are positive within a specific feed gas price range (e.g., net profit up to 0.10 and 0.155 $/Nm<sup>3</sup>, depending on the labour cost set), showing that the process can be cost-effective and profitable. H<sub>2</sub> purification cost ranges between 2.6 and 7.8 $/kg.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 108353"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145425291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108355
Biao Hu, Zhengjie Qiao, Kai Han, Shugang Li, Haifei Lin, Liang Cheng, Zeyu Ren, Rongwei Luo
CH₄ diffusion kinetics in coal are critical for coal mine gas disaster control. Conventional qualitative analyses of coal gas diffusion, based on unit-mass pore parameters, neglect its fundamental origin within individual particles. In this study, a medium-volatile bituminous coal sample was gradually crushed by a jaw crusher and screened with a sample sieve into six particle size ranges: 0.3–0.5, 0.2–0.3, 0.125–0.2, 0.074–0.125, 0.045–0.075, and < 0.045 mm. The coal particle was modeled as homogeneous spheres and quantitatively characterized the full-scale pore structure (micropores: <2 nm, mesopores: 2–50 nm, macropores: 50–300 nm) using low-pressure N₂ (77 K) and CO₂ (273 K) adsorption. By integrating particle density and median size (D50), unit-mass pore parameters were converted into single-particle parameters. Results show that as the particle size decreased from 0.3 to 0.5 mm to <0.045 mm, the total pore volume within a single particle decreased exponentially by nearly four orders of magnitude. In addition, the initial CH4 desorption rate (V0–1) increased rapidly (5.5 times) as the particle size decreased, while the initial CH4 diffusion coefficient (D0) decreased linearly from 1.47 × 10−13 m2/s to 4.29 × 10−15 m2/s (34.3 times). The attenuation coefficient (β) increased exponentially from 8.97 × 10−5 to 1.401 × 10−3 s−1 (15.6 times). Analysis from the single-particle perspective reveals that smaller coal particles have simpler pores, accelerating initial CH₄ desorption but hastening decay. This contradicts unit-mass perspective suggesting finer coal has richer porosity, indicating that mass-averaging in traditional methods obscures the true impact of particle size on diffusion kinetics.
{"title":"An experimental study on pore complexity in single-particle coal and its impact on CH₄ diffusion kinetics","authors":"Biao Hu, Zhengjie Qiao, Kai Han, Shugang Li, Haifei Lin, Liang Cheng, Zeyu Ren, Rongwei Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CH₄ diffusion kinetics in coal are critical for coal mine gas disaster control. Conventional qualitative analyses of coal gas diffusion, based on unit-mass pore parameters, neglect its fundamental origin within individual particles. In this study, a medium-volatile bituminous coal sample was gradually crushed by a jaw crusher and screened with a sample sieve into six particle size ranges: 0.3–0.5, 0.2–0.3, 0.125–0.2, 0.074–0.125, 0.045–0.075, and < 0.045 mm. The coal particle was modeled as homogeneous spheres and quantitatively characterized the full-scale pore structure (micropores: <2 nm, mesopores: 2–50 nm, macropores: 50–300 nm) using low-pressure N₂ (77 K) and CO₂ (273 K) adsorption. By integrating particle density and median size (<em>D</em>50), unit-mass pore parameters were converted into single-particle parameters. Results show that as the particle size decreased from 0.3 to 0.5 mm to <0.045 mm, the total pore volume within a single particle decreased exponentially by nearly four orders of magnitude. In addition, the initial CH<sub>4</sub> desorption rate (<em>V</em><sub>0</sub><sub>–</sub><sub>1</sub>) increased rapidly (5.5 times) as the particle size decreased, while the initial CH<sub>4</sub> diffusion coefficient (<em>D</em><sub>0</sub>) decreased linearly from 1.47 × 10<sup>−13</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s to 4.29 × 10<sup>−15</sup> m<sup>2</sup>/s (34.3 times). The attenuation coefficient (<em>β</em>) increased exponentially from 8.97 × 10<sup>−5</sup> to 1.401 × 10<sup>−3</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> (15.6 times). Analysis from the single-particle perspective reveals that smaller coal particles have simpler pores, accelerating initial CH₄ desorption but hastening decay. This contradicts unit-mass perspective suggesting finer coal has richer porosity, indicating that mass-averaging in traditional methods obscures the true impact of particle size on diffusion kinetics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 108355"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145425292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108352
Xingke Zhang , Yan Zhang , Shuo Zhang , Lihong Yao , Yinan Hao
Facing the dual challenges of fossil energy depletion and environmental pollution, the development of clean energy, particularly carbon-neutral biomass, has gained significant attention. Biomass thermochemical conversion offers an efficient pathway to produce high-value chemicals. This review systematically examines five key aspects: biomass pretreatment, catalytic pyrolysis, catalyst deactivation, machine learning applications, and industrial production. Pretreatment methods improve biomass quality and facilitate subsequent processing. Catalytic pyrolysis, employing catalysts such as alkaline earth metals, acidic sites, zeolites, and rare-earth metals, shows great potential for producing renewable fuels and chemicals. The review compares the performance of various catalysts and discusses their impact on bio-oil yield and quality. Additionally, it summarizes major causes of catalyst deactivation and emerging machine learning approaches for optimizing pyrolysis processes. Current industrial-scale biomass refining installations are also reviewed. Finally, a SWOT analysis is provided to evaluate the challenges and opportunities of biomass pyrolysis, along with future research priorities for industrial scaling.
{"title":"Lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis: A review on the pretreatment and catalysts","authors":"Xingke Zhang , Yan Zhang , Shuo Zhang , Lihong Yao , Yinan Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2025.108352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Facing the dual challenges of fossil energy depletion and environmental pollution, the development of clean energy, particularly carbon-neutral biomass, has gained significant attention. Biomass thermochemical conversion offers an efficient pathway to produce high-value chemicals. This review systematically examines five key aspects: biomass pretreatment, catalytic pyrolysis, catalyst deactivation, machine learning applications, and industrial production. Pretreatment methods improve biomass quality and facilitate subsequent processing. Catalytic pyrolysis, employing catalysts such as alkaline earth metals, acidic sites, zeolites, and rare-earth metals, shows great potential for producing renewable fuels and chemicals. The review compares the performance of various catalysts and discusses their impact on bio-oil yield and quality. Additionally, it summarizes major causes of catalyst deactivation and emerging machine learning approaches for optimizing pyrolysis processes. Current industrial-scale biomass refining installations are also reviewed. Finally, a SWOT analysis is provided to evaluate the challenges and opportunities of biomass pyrolysis, along with future research priorities for industrial scaling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 108352"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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