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Enhancing diesel production from waste plastics: A study on Pd/MCM-48 catalytic hydroprocessing 提高废塑料的柴油产量:Pd/MCM-48 催化加氢处理研究
IF 7.2 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108145
Abdul Khaliq , Krishna Kumar Yadav , Sultan Alshehery , Haifa A. Alqhtani , May Bin-Jumah , P.N. Poovizhi , Sumithra Viswanathan , P. Saravanan , R. Sankar , P. Santhana Krishnan , P. Tamizhdurai
In recent years, plastic has emerged as a widely used material, replacing traditional materials across various industries due to its versatility and convenience. However, this extensive adoption of plastic has resulted in significant environmental challenges, especially in managing mixed plastic waste. To address this, energy recovery technologies have been developed to offer alternative recycling methods for plastic waste. This study specifically focuses on producing hydroprocessed plastic pyrolysis oil from mixed waste plastic to create environmentally compliant fuel. The scrutiny compares the resultant fuel with diesel using hydroprocessing techniques and catalytic pyrolysis. Physicochemical characterization and GC–MS analysis compare the properties and compositions of MPPO, HPO, and diesel fuel. The waste polymers, which included HDPE, PP, and LDPE, were hydroprocessed and pyrolysed using platinum sulphate on zirconia oxide supports to produce a diesel equivalent. The alkane content of the blended fuel that was produced was 95 % that of diesel. The n-alkane levels in the carbon number ranges C11–C15 and C16–C20 were, respectively, 25 % and 10 % lower than diesel. But as one might expect from mixing heavy fuel oil, there were substantially more n-alkanes with carbon numbers of C21–C25. The combined fuel contained 10 % fewer isoalkanes than diesel. Ships can be powered by low-carbon fuel that was created by combining hydroprocessed fuel with commercial heavy fuel oil. Since the alternative fuel will emit considerably fewer emissions, the maritime industry can choose to replace it in order to help fulfil.
近年来,塑料因其多功能性和便利性,已成为一种广泛使用的材料,取代了各行各业的传统材料。然而,塑料的广泛应用带来了巨大的环境挑战,尤其是在管理混合塑料垃圾方面。为解决这一问题,人们开发了能源回收技术,为塑料垃圾提供替代回收方法。本研究特别关注从混合废塑料中生产加氢处理塑料热解油,以制造符合环保要求的燃料。研究比较了使用加氢处理技术和催化热解技术生产的燃料和柴油。理化表征和气相色谱-质谱分析比较了 MPPO、HPO 和柴油的特性和成分。废聚合物(包括高密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯和低密度聚乙烯)经过加氢处理,并在氧化锆支撑物上使用硫酸铂进行热解,生产出柴油等效物。生产出的混合燃料的烷烃含量是柴油的 95%。碳原子数范围为 C11-C15 和 C16-C20 的正烷烃含量分别比柴油低 25% 和 10%。但正如人们对混合重油的预期一样,碳原子数为 C21-C25 的正构烷烃含量要高得多。混合燃料中的异构烷烃含量比柴油少 10%。通过将水处理燃料与商用重油混合制成的低碳燃料可以为船舶提供动力。由于这种替代燃料的排放量要少得多,因此海运业可以选择替代这种燃料,以帮助实现 "可持续发展 "的目标。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of fuel and lubricant oil on particulate emissions in direct injection spark ignition engines: A comparative study of methane and hydrogen 燃料和润滑油对直接喷射火花点火发动机微粒排放的影响:甲烷和氢气的比较研究
IF 7.2 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108144
Barbara Apicella , Francesco Catapano , Silvana Di Iorio , Agnese Magno , Carmela Russo , Paolo Sementa , Antonio Tregrossi , Bianca Maria Vaglieco
Internal combustion engines play a critical role in the global transportation system and the use of alternative fuels, such as methane and hydrogen, offers a promising way for ensuring their sustainability in the future. The best way to exploit the gaseous fuels properties is through the direct injection that allows to enhance the efficiency and to prevent backfire issues. On the other hand, this injection strategy causes a high interaction of the lubricant oil in the combustion process and hence high level of particle emissions despite the low/zero carbon content in the fuels. An experimental study was conducted on a spark-ignition engine powered by directly injected methane. This study involved both physical and chemical characterization of emissions, with the aim of providing an in-depth analysis of the hazardous pollutants emitted. Additionally, it sought to identify their origins, whether from the fuel or lubricating oil. Experimental results show that a higher concentration of particles is produced at higher engine speed. In this condition, which has a more significant environmental impact, a comparison between methane and hydrogen-fueled engine operating under similar conditions was performed, revealing that hydrogen engine produces more particles with a smaller size.
内燃机在全球运输系统中发挥着至关重要的作用,而甲烷和氢气等替代燃料的使用为确保内燃机在未来的可持续发展提供了前景广阔的途径。利用气体燃料特性的最佳方法是直接喷射,这样可以提高效率并防止回火问题。另一方面,尽管燃料中的碳含量很低或为零,但这种喷射策略会导致润滑油在燃烧过程中产生较高的相互作用,从而产生较高的颗粒排放。我们对使用直接喷射甲烷的火花点火发动机进行了实验研究。这项研究涉及排放物的物理和化学特征,目的是对排放的有害污染物进行深入分析。此外,研究还试图确定这些污染物的来源,是来自燃料还是润滑油。实验结果表明,发动机转速越高,产生的颗粒浓度越高。在这种对环境影响更大的条件下,对在类似条件下运行的甲烷发动机和氢燃料发动机进行了比较,结果表明氢发动机产生的颗粒更多,尺寸更小。
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引用次数: 0
Competitive effects of compounding aromatic hydrogen storage carriers in low-pressure hydrogenation reactions 低压氢化反应中复合芳香族储氢载体的竞争效应
IF 7.2 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108143
Xiaopeng Mei , Zixuan Ma , Yingjie Yang , Xiaofeng Gao , Hantao Gong , Ziyu Song , Siyu Yao
The reaction activity of various liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) over 5 wt% Rh/C (BET surface area 933.5 g/cm3, pore size 4.6 nm, metal dispersion 10.5 %) and 5 wt% Ru/C (BET surface area 888.4 g/cm3, pore size 6.1 nm, metal dispersion 8.9 %) catalysts is evaluated. The results show that monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have the highest reactivity, followed by monocyclic aromatic rings, while polycyclic and fused cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have relatively low activity. It is also found that mixing different LOHCs leads to a competitive effect, resulting in lower reactivities for all LOHCs. As the degree of LOHC hydrogenation increases, the adsorption of multi-step hydrogenation intermediates becomes more difficult, resulting in lower yields of fully hydrogenated products. It is important to understand the behavior of LOHCs in hydrogenation reactions and to optimize the performance of LOHCs compound systems.
评估了各种液态有机氢载体(LOHC)在 5 wt% Rh/C(BET 表面积 933.5 g/cm3,孔径 4.6 nm,金属分散度 10.5 %)和 5 wt% Ru/C(BET 表面积 888.4 g/cm3,孔径 6.1 nm,金属分散度 8.9 %)催化剂上的反应活性。结果表明,单环芳香烃的反应活性最高,其次是单环芳香环,而多环和融环芳香烃的活性相对较低。研究还发现,混合不同的 LOHC 会产生竞争效应,导致所有 LOHC 的反应活性降低。随着 LOHC 加氢程度的增加,多步加氢中间体的吸附变得更加困难,导致完全加氢产物的产量降低。了解 LOHC 在氢化反应中的行为以及优化 LOHC 化合物体系的性能非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-objective optimization of structural parameters of SCR system under Eley-Rideal reaction mechanism based on machine learning coupled with response surface methodology 基于机器学习和响应面方法的 Eley-Rideal 反应机理下 SCR 系统结构参数的多目标优化
IF 7.2 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108141
Zhiqing Zhang , Weihuang Zhong , Mingzhang Pan , Zibin Yin , Kai Lu
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is an important method to control nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from diesel engines. Excellent SCR structural parameters are the key to effectively reduce NOx and back pressure. The dynamic reaction processes of NOx standard reaction, fast reaction and NO2-SCR reaction are deeply explored by establishing the Eley-Rideal model. The results show that the wall thickness and washcoat thickness of the SCR are the main determinants of the catalyst performance, while the CPSI has a great influence on the pressure drop. In addition, regression prediction analysis of experimental data by random forest (RF), particle swarm optimized backpropagation artificial neural network (PSOBP-ANN) and response surface methodology (RSM) was performed to explore the coupling relation functions of structural parameters, and optimal test results were solved and verified. The denitrification efficiency of the structure-optimized SCR system increased by 22 % and the pressure drop decreased by 23 %.
选择性催化还原(SCR)是控制柴油发动机氮氧化物(NOx)排放的重要方法。优异的 SCR 结构参数是有效降低氮氧化物和背压的关键。通过建立 Eley-Rideal 模型,深入探讨了氮氧化物标准反应、快速反应和 NO2-SCR 反应的动态反应过程。结果表明,SCR 的壁厚和水洗层厚度是决定催化剂性能的主要因素,而 CPSI 则对压降有很大影响。此外,通过随机森林(RF)、粒子群优化反向传播人工神经网络(PSOBP-ANN)和响应面方法(RSM)对实验数据进行回归预测分析,探索结构参数的耦合关系函数,求解并验证了最优试验结果。结构优化后的 SCR 系统脱硝效率提高了 22%,压降降低了 23%。
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引用次数: 0
Modulating isomers distribution of n-dodecane hydroisomerization by mordenite-ZSM-22 composite zeolite 利用莫来石-ZSM-22 复合沸石调节正十二烷加氢异构化的异构体分布
IF 7.2 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108140
Jiangnan Xiang, Wei Zhang, Yuting Wang, Haiying Lu, Yan Wang, Weijiong Dai, Binbin Fan, Jiajun Zheng, Jinghong Ma, Ruifeng Li
Mordenite-ZSM-22 composite zeolite is prepared by the physical mixing. The structure, pore properties, acid properties and diffusion properties of samples are characterized by the means of XRD, N2 physical adsorption-desorption, SEM, TEM, NH3-TPD, Py-IR, and ZLC. The pore properties and acid properties of mordenite-ZSM-22 composite zeolite can be efficiently modulated by changing mass ratio of mordenite and ZSM-22. In n-C12 hydroisomerization reaction, Pt/HMZ-x displays great capacity in modulate n-dodecane isomers distribution (mono-branched i-C12, multi-branched i-C12, terminal branched i-C12 and central branched i-C12), these results are ascribed to that these composite zeolite catalysts combined the topology structure advantage of mordenite and ZSM-22. When reaction temperature is 280 °C, the ratio of mono-branched i-C12 selectivity to multi-branched i-C12 selectivity (SMB/SMTB) of Pt/HZSM-22, Pt/HMZ-1, Pt/HMZ-3, Pt/HMZ-5 and Pt/HMOR were 37.64, 15.04, 5.48, 5.20 and 1.47, respectively. The ZLC diffusion experiment results indicate that low isomer selectivity of Pt/HMOR is due to its poor diffusivity. On the contrary, Pt/HZSM-22 favors the diffusion of reactants and has better catalytic performance.
采用物理混合法制备了莫来石-ZSM-22 复合沸石。通过 XRD、N2 物理吸附-解吸、SEM、TEM、NH3-TPD、Py-IR 和 ZLC 等方法对样品的结构、孔隙性质、酸性和扩散性质进行了表征。通过改变莫来石和 ZSM-22 的质量比,可以有效地调节莫来石-ZSM-22 复合沸石的孔隙性质和酸性。在正十二烷加氢异构化反应中,Pt/HMZ-x 在调节正十二烷异构体分布(单支链 i-C12、多支链 i-C12、末端支链 i-C12 和中心支链 i-C12)方面表现出很强的能力,这些结果归因于这些复合沸石催化剂结合了莫来石和 ZSM-22 的拓扑结构优势。当反应温度为 280 ℃ 时,Pt/HZSM-22、Pt/HMZ-1、Pt/HMZ-3、Pt/HMZ-5 和 Pt/HMOR 的单支链 i-C12 选择性与多支链 i-C12 选择性之比(SMB/SMTB)分别为 37.64、15.04、5.48、5.20 和 1.47。ZLC 扩散实验结果表明,Pt/HMOR 的异构体选择性低是由于其扩散性差。相反,Pt/HZSM-22 有利于反应物的扩散,具有更好的催化性能。
{"title":"Modulating isomers distribution of n-dodecane hydroisomerization by mordenite-ZSM-22 composite zeolite","authors":"Jiangnan Xiang,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Yuting Wang,&nbsp;Haiying Lu,&nbsp;Yan Wang,&nbsp;Weijiong Dai,&nbsp;Binbin Fan,&nbsp;Jiajun Zheng,&nbsp;Jinghong Ma,&nbsp;Ruifeng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mordenite-ZSM-22 composite zeolite is prepared by the physical mixing. The structure, pore properties, acid properties and diffusion properties of samples are characterized by the means of XRD, N<sub>2</sub> physical adsorption-desorption, SEM, TEM, NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD, Py-IR, and ZLC. The pore properties and acid properties of mordenite-ZSM-22 composite zeolite can be efficiently modulated by changing mass ratio of mordenite and ZSM-22. In <em>n</em>-C<sub>12</sub> hydroisomerization reaction, Pt/HMZ-<em>x</em> displays great capacity in modulate <em>n</em>-dodecane isomers distribution (mono-branched <em>i</em>-C<sub>12</sub>, multi-branched <em>i</em>-C<sub>12</sub>, terminal branched <em>i</em>-C<sub>12</sub> and central branched <em>i</em>-C<sub>12</sub>), these results are ascribed to that these composite zeolite catalysts combined the topology structure advantage of mordenite and ZSM-22. When reaction temperature is 280 °C, the ratio of mono-branched <em>i</em>-C<sub>12</sub> selectivity to multi-branched <em>i</em>-C<sub>12</sub> selectivity (S<sub>MB</sub>/S<sub>MTB</sub>) of Pt/HZSM-22, Pt/HMZ-1, Pt/HMZ-3, Pt/HMZ-5 and Pt/HMOR were 37.64, 15.04, 5.48, 5.20 and 1.47, respectively. The ZLC diffusion experiment results indicate that low isomer selectivity of Pt/HMOR is due to its poor diffusivity. On the contrary, Pt/HZSM-22 favors the diffusion of reactants and has better catalytic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":326,"journal":{"name":"Fuel Processing Technology","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 108140"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Experimental study on ignition characteristics of an integrated inclined combustor 综合倾斜燃烧器点火特性的实验研究
IF 7.2 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108142
Ge Wang , Xu Yang , Wei Li , Yi Gao , Yunpeng Liu , Yingwen Yan
To obtain the ignition performance of an integrated inclined combustor, we perform an experimental study on the ignition performance of an inclined combustor under various ignition positions, inlet flow rates, and fuel air ratios (FARs). The experimental results reveal the following. 1) During ignition at I1, the inclined combustor presents the best ignition performance. 2) The forward propagation process of flame along the swirler's inclined direction easily realizes flame propagation, whereas the backward flame propagation process in the swirler's inclined direction is difficult to achieve; forward and backward flame propagations exhibit evident differences. 3) The diffusion propagation of swirl flames at the ignition head is the main means swirl flames are generated at the nonignition head. 4) During the ignition process, the combustion intensity increases with the increase in FAR and decreases with the increase in inlet flow rate. 5) The successful ignition time decreases with the increase in inlet flow rate and FAR.
为了获得一体化倾斜燃烧器的点火性能,我们对倾斜燃烧器在不同点火位置、进气流速和燃料空气比(FAR)下的点火性能进行了实验研究。实验结果如下1) 在 I1 点火时,倾斜燃烧器的点火性能最好。2) 火焰沿漩涡器倾斜方向的前向传播过程容易实现,而在漩涡器倾斜方向的后向传播过程则难以实现;前向和后向火焰传播表现出明显的差异。3)漩涡火焰在点火头的扩散传播是漩涡火焰在非点火头产生的主要途径。4) 在点火过程中,燃烧强度随 FAR 的增大而增大,随入口流速的增大而减小。5) 成功点火时间随入口流速和 FAR 的增加而缩短。
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引用次数: 0
Solar-thermal conversion of biomass: Principles of solar concentrators/reactors, reported studies, and prospects for large-scale implementation 生物质的太阳热能转换:太阳能聚光器/反应器的原理、已报告的研究和大规模实施的前景
IF 7.2 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108139
Yassir Makkawi, Mihad Ibrahim, Nihal Yasir, Omar Moussa
Solar-thermal biomass conversion using both direct and indirect concentrated solar thermal energy is an emerging approach that combines two renewable energy sources to enhance energy efficiency and enable sustainable processing. This review paper provides a comprehensive examination of various types of solar concentrators and reactors, showcasing the diversity of available technologies and their roles in enhancing conversion efficiency. The paper focuses on the reported studies on biomass solar-thermal conversion through gasification and pyrolysis processes, critically discussing the integrated process operating conditions and the quality of the products (biofuels). These analyses affirm the technical viability, emphasizing the relatively low energy investment required for pyrolysis compared to the total energy output from biomass feedstock. This points to the substantial promise of solar thermal biomass conversion as a sustainable and efficient renewable energy solution. The conclusion highlights the importance of ongoing research, technological advancements, and policy support to fully realize the potential of solar-thermal conversion of biomass.
利用直接和间接聚光太阳热能进行光热生物质转换是一种新兴的方法,它结合了两种可再生能源,以提高能源效率并实现可持续加工。本综述论文全面考察了各种类型的太阳能聚光器和反应器,展示了现有技术的多样性及其在提高转换效率方面的作用。论文重点介绍了通过气化和热解过程进行生物质太阳能-热转换的研究报告,对综合过程操作条件和产品(生物燃料)质量进行了严格讨论。这些分析肯定了技术可行性,强调与生物质原料的总能源产出相比,热解所需的能源投资相对较低。这表明太阳能热生物质转换作为一种可持续和高效的可再生能源解决方案大有可为。结论强调了持续研究、技术进步和政策支持对于充分实现生物质太阳能热转换潜力的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Pilot-scale study of methane-assisted catalytic bitumen partial upgrading 甲烷辅助催化沥青部分提质试验研究
IF 7.2 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108138
Zhaofei Li, Ali Omidkar, Hua Song
The direct utilization of heavy and extra-heavy crude oils presents a formidable challenge due to their inherent physical and chemical properties such as high C/H ratio, extremely high viscosity and density, low APIo, super low mobility, high asphaltene and impurity (Fe, Ni, Co, S, N, etc.) contents. To tackle these problems cost-effectively, we have proposed and established a novel technique, distinct from conventional hydrotreating, for catalytic partial upgrading of extra heavy crudes with co-fed methane and a multi-functional catalyst. This technique has been further optimized using lab-scale batch reactors (100 mL, 300 mL), bench-scale and pilot-scale fixed bed reactors with their processing capacity of 250 mL/day and 20 L/day, respectively. The feasibility, stability, and profitability of this technique have been successfully verified using all these facilities and a wide variety of feedstock. Yet, further scale-up is necessary to advance this technique towards commercialization in industry. In this study, a pilot-scale prototype unit (processing capacity of 1 barrel/day) was designed and manufactured based upon the previous achievements, and a bitumen sample recovered from the Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process was chosen as a typical extra heavy crude for the upgrading. A 30-day upgrading has been conducted smoothly without clogging and a liquid yield of 96.7 % was observed with remarkable enhancements in product quality. The notable decreases in density, viscosity, TAN, asphaltene content, and sulfur content were confirmed and consistent with previous results. A low olefin content implies excellent stability and compatibility of the liquid product. Additionally, a preliminary TEA (Techno-Economic Assessment) and LCA (Life-Cycle Analysis) have been conducted and the beneficial features of this novel technique have been confirmed with higher profitability, lower cost, and lower carbon footprint. This study further consolidates the advantages of this promising technique as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative to hydrotreating for processing extra heavy crudes.
由于重质原油和超重质原油固有的物理和化学特性,如高 C/H 比、极高的粘度和密度、低 APIo、超低流动性、高沥青质和杂质(铁、镍、钴、硫、氮等)含量,直接利用重质原油和超重质原油是一项艰巨的挑战。为了经济有效地解决这些问题,我们提出并建立了一种有别于传统加氢处理的新技术,即使用甲烷和多功能催化剂对特重原油进行催化部分升级。我们使用实验室规模的间歇反应器(100 mL、300 mL)、工作台规模和中试规模的固定床反应器(处理能力分别为 250 mL/天和 20 L/天)对该技术进行了进一步优化。利用所有这些设备和各种原料,已成功验证了该技术的可行性、稳定性和盈利能力。然而,要将这项技术推向工业商业化,还需要进一步扩大规模。在本研究中,根据先前的成果设计并制造了一个中试规模的原型装置(处理能力为 1 桶/天),并选择了从蒸汽辅助重力泄油(SAGD)工艺中回收的沥青样品作为典型的超重原油进行升级。30 天的提质过程顺利进行,没有出现堵塞现象,液体收率达到 96.7%,产品质量显著提高。密度、粘度、TAN、沥青质含量和硫含量的显著下降得到了证实,并与之前的结果保持一致。烯烃含量低意味着液体产品具有出色的稳定性和兼容性。此外,还进行了初步的技术经济评估(TEA)和生命周期分析(LCA),证实了这一新型技术的有利特性,即更高的盈利能力、更低的成本和更少的碳足迹。这项研究进一步巩固了这一前景广阔的技术作为加氢处理超重原油的成本效益型和环境友好型替代技术的优势。
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引用次数: 0
Pd nanocatalyst supported on amine-functionalized mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride for formic acid hydrogen generator in the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system 用于聚合物电解质膜燃料电池系统中甲酸制氢器的、支撑在胺功能介孔氮化石墨碳上的钯纳米催化剂
IF 7.2 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108133
Tae Hoon Lee , Seong Mo Yun , Min Jae Kim , Gibeom Kim , Eun Sang Jung , Taek Hyun Oh
Pd nanocatalyst supported on amine-functionalized mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (Pd/NH2-mpg-C3N4) was investigated for dehydrogenation of formic acid. The catalyst was analyzed and tested to investigate the effect of amine functionalization on hydrogen generation from formic acid. Pd nanocatalyst was dispersed uniformly on NH2-mpg-C3N4 without agglomeration. The turnover frequency value of Pd/NH2-mpg-C3N4 was 1870 h−1, which was higher than that of Pd/mpg-C3N4 because of the amine functionalization. The Pd/NH2-mpg-C3N4 was also tested to investigate the effect of various reaction conditions (formic acid concentration, sodium formate concentration, and reaction temperature) on hydrogen generation from formic acid. Formic acid concentration negatively affected the catalytic activity, whereas sodium formate concentration positively affected it. Reaction temperature significantly affected the catalytic activity. The apparent activation energy of the Pd/NH2-mpg-C3N4 catalyst was 60.7 kJ mol−1, and a hydrogen generator with the catalyst exhibited high conversion efficiency at an elevated temperature. Consequently, a hydrogen generator with Pd/NH2-mpg-C3N4 is suitable for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell systems.
研究了以胺功能化介孔氮化石墨(Pd/NH2-mpg-C3N4)为载体的钯纳米催化剂在甲酸脱氢过程中的应用。对催化剂进行了分析和测试,以研究胺官能化对甲酸制氢的影响。钯纳米催化剂均匀地分散在 NH2-mpg-C3N4 上,没有团聚现象。由于胺官能化,Pd/NH2-mpg-C3N4 的翻转频率值为 1870 h-1,高于 Pd/mpg-C3N4 的翻转频率值。此外,还对 Pd/NH2-mpg-C3N4 进行了测试,以研究各种反应条件(甲酸浓度、甲酸钠浓度和反应温度)对甲酸制氢的影响。甲酸浓度对催化活性有负面影响,而甲酸钠浓度对催化活性有正面影响。反应温度对催化活性有明显影响。Pd/NH2-mpg-C3N4 催化剂的表观活化能为 60.7 kJ mol-1,使用该催化剂的制氢装置在高温下具有较高的转化效率。因此,使用 Pd/NH2-mpg-C3N4 的氢气发生器适用于聚合物电解质膜燃料电池系统。
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引用次数: 0
An experimental investigation of the impacts of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and ethanol on performance and emission characteristics on diesel engines run with castor Biodiesel ethanol blended fuel 二氧化钛(TiO2)和乙醇对使用蓖麻生物柴油乙醇混合燃料的柴油发动机性能和排放特性影响的实验研究
IF 7.2 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2024.108137
Dinku Seyoum Zeleke, Addisu Kassahun Tefera
Investigating the impact of ethanol and TiO2 on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines running on a blend of ethanol and castor biodiesel is the primary goal of this study. The nanoparticles of ethanol, biodiesel, and TiO2 diesel fuel were combined at several concentrations. Diesel, B10, B20, B30, B10E10T, B20E10T, B30E10T, B10E20T, B20E20T, and B30E20T were among the various fuels that were investigated. The physiochemical properties of all the sample fuels were assessed, including density, pour point, cloud point, fire point, flash point, and kinematic viscosity. Following this, other engine performance indicators, such as torque, power, and fuel-consumption, were examined. Studies were also carried out on the properties of emissions, including CO, CO2, HC, and NO. Peak braking power and engine torque were found for each fuel under investigation at around 2750 and 2500 rpm, respectively. The addition reduced the brake-specific fuel consumption for B10E20T by 7.41 % while increasing the braking engine's torque and power by 8.64 and 3.86 %, respectively, in compared to blends without the TiO2 additions. When compared to diesel, the exhaust emission data without the addition of TiO2 revealed a decrease in CO and HC emissions but an increase in CO2 and NO emissions. On the other hand, using ethanol blend reduced NO emissions. According to the overall findings, diesel engine performance, combustion characteristics, and exhaust gas emissions were enhanced averagely by 7.43 % when a certain ratio of ethanol, biodiesel, and TiO2 additives (B10E20 + 50 ppm) was used.
本研究的主要目的是调查乙醇和二氧化钛对使用乙醇和蓖麻生物柴油混合燃料的柴油发动机的性能和排放特性的影响。乙醇、生物柴油和 TiO2 柴油的纳米颗粒以多种浓度混合。研究的燃料包括柴油、B10、B20、B30、B10E10T、B20E10T、B30E10T、B10E20T、B20E20T 和 B30E20T。对所有样本燃料的理化特性进行了评估,包括密度、倾点、浊点、燃点、闪点和运动粘度。随后,还考察了其他发动机性能指标,如扭矩、功率和耗油量。此外,还对 CO、CO2、HC 和 NO 等排放物的特性进行了研究。研究发现,每种燃料的峰值制动功率和发动机扭矩分别约为 2750 rpm 和 2500 rpm。与不添加二氧化钛的混合燃料相比,添加二氧化钛使 B10E20T 的制动油耗降低了 7.41%,同时使制动发动机的扭矩和功率分别提高了 8.64% 和 3.86%。与柴油相比,未添加二氧化钛的废气排放数据显示 CO 和 HC 排放有所减少,但 CO2 和 NO 排放有所增加。另一方面,使用乙醇混合物则减少了氮氧化物的排放。根据总体研究结果,当使用一定比例的乙醇、生物柴油和二氧化钛添加剂(B10E20 + 50 ppm)时,柴油发动机的性能、燃烧特性和废气排放平均提高了 7.43%。
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引用次数: 0
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Fuel Processing Technology
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