Present research experimentally studied the effectiveness of indigenously developed Content and Language Integrated Modular Approach (CLIMA) especially designed for developing English language ability among university students. CLIMA is a blend of Content and Language Integrated Approach and the Modular Approach. Two equated groups of total 52 students from Bachelor of Education Programme (semester-I) participated in this randomised pre-test post-test control group experiment. The content used herein comprised a purposefully designed module of 5 units. Both groups were taught by the same specifically trained teacher on same days with an interval of one hour between the sessions with the two groups. Experiment was completed in 30 sessions (1.5 hour each) during 10 weeks. For both pre- and post-testing, the researchers used the Analytic Rubric of Fairfax County Public Schools (Virginia, USA). This Analytic Rubric has been termed as the Performance Assessment for Language Students (PALS). The experimental group witnessed (pre-testing = 31.6%, post-testing = 80.8%) a value addition of 49.2%; and the control group witnessed (pre-testing = 31.2%, post-testing = 66.2%) a value addition of 35.0%. Compared with TOEFL and IELTS, conclusively, CLIMA was found highly effective. Results are discussed in detail in the paper.
{"title":"Developing English Speaking Skill Indigenously Among the Prospective Teachers","authors":"M. Alam, Muhammad Sarwar, Ashfaque Ahmad Shah","doi":"10.26710/reads.v5i4.884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/reads.v5i4.884","url":null,"abstract":"Present research experimentally studied the effectiveness of indigenously developed Content and Language Integrated Modular Approach (CLIMA) especially designed for developing English language ability among university students. CLIMA is a blend of Content and Language Integrated Approach and the Modular Approach. Two equated groups of total 52 students from Bachelor of Education Programme (semester-I) participated in this randomised pre-test post-test control group experiment. The content used herein comprised a purposefully designed module of 5 units. Both groups were taught by the same specifically trained teacher on same days with an interval of one hour between the sessions with the two groups. Experiment was completed in 30 sessions (1.5 hour each) during 10 weeks. For both pre- and post-testing, the researchers used the Analytic Rubric of Fairfax County Public Schools (Virginia, USA). This Analytic Rubric has been termed as the Performance Assessment for Language Students (PALS). The experimental group witnessed (pre-testing = 31.6%, post-testing = 80.8%) a value addition of 49.2%; and the control group witnessed (pre-testing = 31.2%, post-testing = 66.2%) a value addition of 35.0%. Compared with TOEFL and IELTS, conclusively, CLIMA was found highly effective. Results are discussed in detail in the paper.","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41410144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Present research experimentally studied the effectiveness of indigenously developed Content and Language Integrated Modular Approach (CLIMA) especially designed for developing English language ability among university students. CLIMA is a blend of Content and Language Integrated Approach and the Modular Approach. Two equated groups of total 52 students from Bachelor of Education Programme (semester-I) participated in this randomised pre-test post-test control group experiment. The content used herein comprised a purposefully designed module of 5 units. Both groups were taught by the same specifically trained teacher on same days with an interval of one hour between the sessions with the two groups. Experiment was completed in 30 sessions (1.5 hour each) during 10 weeks. For both pre- and post-testing, the researchers used the Analytic Rubric of Fairfax County Public Schools (Virginia, USA). This Analytic Rubric has been termed as the Performance Assessment for Language Students (PALS). The experimental group witnessed (pre-testing = 31.6%, post-testing = 80.8%) a value addition of 49.2%; and the control group witnessed (pre-testing = 31.2%, post-testing = 66.2%) a value addition of 35.0%. Compared with TOEFL and IELTS, conclusively, CLIMA was found highly effective. Results are discussed in detail in the paper.
{"title":"Developing English Speaking Skill Indigenously Among the Prospective Teachers","authors":"M. Alam, Muhammad Sarwar, Ashfaque Ahmad Shah","doi":"10.26710/reads.v5i4.912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/reads.v5i4.912","url":null,"abstract":"Present research experimentally studied the effectiveness of indigenously developed Content and Language Integrated Modular Approach (CLIMA) especially designed for developing English language ability among university students. CLIMA is a blend of Content and Language Integrated Approach and the Modular Approach. Two equated groups of total 52 students from Bachelor of Education Programme (semester-I) participated in this randomised pre-test post-test control group experiment. The content used herein comprised a purposefully designed module of 5 units. Both groups were taught by the same specifically trained teacher on same days with an interval of one hour between the sessions with the two groups. Experiment was completed in 30 sessions (1.5 hour each) during 10 weeks. For both pre- and post-testing, the researchers used the Analytic Rubric of Fairfax County Public Schools (Virginia, USA). This Analytic Rubric has been termed as the Performance Assessment for Language Students (PALS). The experimental group witnessed (pre-testing = 31.6%, post-testing = 80.8%) a value addition of 49.2%; and the control group witnessed (pre-testing = 31.2%, post-testing = 66.2%) a value addition of 35.0%. Compared with TOEFL and IELTS, conclusively, CLIMA was found highly effective. Results are discussed in detail in the paper.","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43674405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present research is design to assess the “effects of malnutrition on the academic performance of grade 6-8 learners in rural areas of Tehsil Hafizabad”. Quantitative research approach was used to achieve the objectives of the study. Quantitative data was gathered by using Scheduled Interview from the sample of 150 learners of the three selected schools. Data was analyzed through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The outcomes of the study revealed that the malnutrition, particularly the use of low quality foods significantly lowers the academic performance in terms of lowering the understanding level of the learners and attainments; it reduces the attendance rate ultimately. It was observed that the less participation in physical activities, low income of the household and crowded demographic conditions reduced the learning capacity of the students. Some useful suggestions were also made, strictly ban on low quality food, awareness programs should be launched for public, and more studies must be conducted to highlight and overcome the issue.
{"title":"Effects of Malnutrition on the Academic Performance: A Case Study of Grade 6-8 Learners in Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Shabbir, Qamar-uz-zaman, Muhammad Atif","doi":"10.26710/reads.v5i4.882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/reads.v5i4.882","url":null,"abstract":"The present research is design to assess the “effects of malnutrition on the academic performance of grade 6-8 learners in rural areas of Tehsil Hafizabad”. Quantitative research approach was used to achieve the objectives of the study. Quantitative data was gathered by using Scheduled Interview from the sample of 150 learners of the three selected schools. Data was analyzed through statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The outcomes of the study revealed that the malnutrition, particularly the use of low quality foods significantly lowers the academic performance in terms of lowering the understanding level of the learners and attainments; it reduces the attendance rate ultimately. It was observed that the less participation in physical activities, low income of the household and crowded demographic conditions reduced the learning capacity of the students. Some useful suggestions were also made, strictly ban on low quality food, awareness programs should be launched for public, and more studies must be conducted to highlight and overcome the issue.","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44155121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The present study was intended to find out the impact of three important components of marketing mix for tourism i.e. People, Process and Physical Evidence on Satisfaction of Sikh Pilgrims visiting Pakistan and the moderating role of Personal Perceived Risk of Terrorism in the relationship between the aforementioned independent variables and Pilgrims Satisfaction. Design/Methodology/Approach: The present research is based on the philosophy of positivism and it is descriptive and deductive in approach. Data was collected from a sample of 357 Sikh Pilgrims. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to test the hypothesized effect of People, Process and Physical Evidence on satisfaction of Sikh Pilgrims and the moderating effect of Personal Perceived Risk of Terrorism. Findings: Findings of the study showed that Physical Evidence and People have a significant positive effect whereas Process has a significant negative effect on satisfaction of Sikh Pilgrims. Personal Perceived Risk of Terrorism was found to have an insignificant moderating effect on the relationship of Process, People and Physical Evidence with Satisfaction. Implications/Originality/Value: The study might help uplift the tourism sector of Pakistan and enhance the relationship between people of different religions of the region.
{"title":"Effect of People, Process and Physical Evidence on Satisfaction of Sikh Pilgrims Visiting Pakistan: Moderating Role of Personal Perceived Risk of Terrorism","authors":"A. Khan, G. Zaman, Qadar Bakhsh Baloch","doi":"10.26710/READS.V5I3.692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/READS.V5I3.692","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The present study was intended to find out the impact of three important components of marketing mix for tourism i.e. People, Process and Physical Evidence on Satisfaction of Sikh Pilgrims visiting Pakistan and the moderating role of Personal Perceived Risk of Terrorism in the relationship between the aforementioned independent variables and Pilgrims Satisfaction. \u0000Design/Methodology/Approach: The present research is based on the philosophy of positivism and it is descriptive and deductive in approach. Data was collected from a sample of 357 Sikh Pilgrims. Multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to test the hypothesized effect of People, Process and Physical Evidence on satisfaction of Sikh Pilgrims and the moderating effect of Personal Perceived Risk of Terrorism. \u0000Findings: Findings of the study showed that Physical Evidence and People have a significant positive effect whereas Process has a significant negative effect on satisfaction of Sikh Pilgrims. Personal Perceived Risk of Terrorism was found to have an insignificant moderating effect on the relationship of Process, People and Physical Evidence with Satisfaction. \u0000Implications/Originality/Value: The study might help uplift the tourism sector of Pakistan and enhance the relationship between people of different religions of the region.","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47895802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human Capital plays a vital role in increasing GDP growth and creating more employment opportunities. The major objective of this research paper is to analyze the impact of Human Capital on GDP Growth and Employment in developing countries using Panel Data for the period of 1996-2018. To measure the Human Capital, we have employed two proxy variables i.e. life expectancy and education expenditure. The variables of Labour force, capital formation, inflation, agriculture and manufacturing value added are used as controlled variables in the study. The fixed effect and random effect models are used in this study. The empirical results show that human capital variables (life expectancy and education expenditures) are found significant and hence contribute as an engine of growth and employment opportunities in developing countries
{"title":"Impact of Human Capital on Employment and Economic Growth in Developing Countries","authors":"Ruhma Khan, I. Chaudhry","doi":"10.26710/READS.V5I3.701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/READS.V5I3.701","url":null,"abstract":"Human Capital plays a vital role in increasing GDP growth and creating more employment opportunities. The major objective of this research paper is to analyze the impact of Human Capital on GDP Growth and Employment in developing countries using Panel Data for the period of 1996-2018. To measure the Human Capital, we have employed two proxy variables i.e. life expectancy and education expenditure. The variables of Labour force, capital formation, inflation, agriculture and manufacturing value added are used as controlled variables in the study. The fixed effect and random effect models are used in this study. The empirical results show that human capital variables (life expectancy and education expenditures) are found significant and hence contribute as an engine of growth and employment opportunities in developing countries","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41527473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to find out the consumer satisfaction from private transport services in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this purpose primary data was collected through structured questioner. Questioners were distributed to 450 targeted samples in the study area. Four hundred and twenty-nine questioners were successful filled from respondents. Different fifteen variables were identified from literatures which determine consumer satisfaction. As the nature of the dependent variable i.e. satisfaction is binary (categorical variable: Yes/No). Therefore, all the information’s collected analyzed through Probit-regression technique. Four different models were estimated to investigate different factors affecting consumer satisfaction individually and collectively. Out of fifteen variables nine variables are founded statistically significant. Significant variables were Quality of Vehicles, Cleanness of Vehicles, Availability of Seats, Driver Skills, Rout Characteristic, Waiting Time, Time Taken to reach destination, Regulatory Services and Frequency of Vehicle. All these variables contributed positively with consumer satisfaction. Sub factors of the timeliness were strongly relation with satisfaction level compare to other factors. Mean value of SERVQUAL dimensions showed that customers are dissatisfied from transport services. Consumers are dissatisfied at a large extent in district Peshawar and feel hesitation during traveling. Such tension and frustration during traveling affect adversely efficiency of the consumer. To avoid such dis-comport and increase in social welfare of the society which is the foremost objective of every government. Therefore, government should intervene in private sector transport and ensure suitable policy for the future perspective.
{"title":"An Empirical Investigation of Consumer Satisfaction From Private Transport Services in District Peshawar","authors":"Khairullah Jan, Sher Ali, Abid Ali, M. Jan","doi":"10.26710/READS.V5I3.710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/READS.V5I3.710","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to find out the consumer satisfaction from private transport services in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this purpose primary data was collected through structured questioner. Questioners were distributed to 450 targeted samples in the study area. Four hundred and twenty-nine questioners were successful filled from respondents. Different fifteen variables were identified from literatures which determine consumer satisfaction. As the nature of the dependent variable i.e. satisfaction is binary (categorical variable: Yes/No). Therefore, all the information’s collected analyzed through Probit-regression technique. Four different models were estimated to investigate different factors affecting consumer satisfaction individually and collectively. Out of fifteen variables nine variables are founded statistically significant. Significant variables were Quality of Vehicles, Cleanness of Vehicles, Availability of Seats, Driver Skills, Rout Characteristic, Waiting Time, Time Taken to reach destination, Regulatory Services and Frequency of Vehicle. All these variables contributed positively with consumer satisfaction. Sub factors of the timeliness were strongly relation with satisfaction level compare to other factors. Mean value of SERVQUAL dimensions showed that customers are dissatisfied from transport services. Consumers are dissatisfied at a large extent in district Peshawar and feel hesitation during traveling. Such tension and frustration during traveling affect adversely efficiency of the consumer. To avoid such dis-comport and increase in social welfare of the society which is the foremost objective of every government. Therefore, government should intervene in private sector transport and ensure suitable policy for the future perspective.","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43579927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays Employees Work Outcomes is the primary concern of academia of higher education. Hence, to understand this perspective the current study has examined the impact of emotional instability on employees work outcomes (Workaholism, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Burnout). This study also examined the moderating role of compulsory citizenship behavior and transactional and transformational leadership styles. Sample of the study was faculty members of public and private universities. The sample of 400 teachers were selected from public and private universities of different cities of Pakistan. Emotional Instability Scale by John and Srivastave, Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale by Smith et al, burnout scale by Ayala Malach Pines and Workaholism Battery by Spence and Robbins were used to measure the study variables. Smart PLS (Partial Least Square) was used for hypothesis testing. Finding of the study showed that there was negative and significant relationship between emotional instability, workaholism and organizational citizenship behavior whereas, there was positive and significant relationship between emotional instability and burnout. Further results demonstrated that transactional and transformational leadership play moderating role in relation to emotional instability and workaholism. Nevertheless, this study will provide insight to develop policies to lowers the level of burnout, and will also help administrators to implement such leadership style that decrease emotional instability and raise performance.
{"title":"Emotional Instability, Employees Work Outcomes among Academia: Compulsory Citizenship Behavior and Leadership Style as Moderators","authors":"Zara Hayat, Iram Batool, Saher Hayat, Uzma Amin","doi":"10.26710/READS.V5I3.573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/READS.V5I3.573","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays Employees Work Outcomes is the primary concern of academia of higher education. Hence, to understand this perspective the current study has examined the impact of emotional instability on employees work outcomes (Workaholism, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Burnout). This study also examined the moderating role of compulsory citizenship behavior and transactional and transformational leadership styles. Sample of the study was faculty members of public and private universities. The sample of 400 teachers were selected from public and private universities of different cities of Pakistan. Emotional Instability Scale by John and Srivastave, Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale by Smith et al, burnout scale by Ayala Malach Pines and Workaholism Battery by Spence and Robbins were used to measure the study variables. Smart PLS (Partial Least Square) was used for hypothesis testing. Finding of the study showed that there was negative and significant relationship between emotional instability, workaholism and organizational citizenship behavior whereas, there was positive and significant relationship between emotional instability and burnout. Further results demonstrated that transactional and transformational leadership play moderating role in relation to emotional instability and workaholism. Nevertheless, this study will provide insight to develop policies to lowers the level of burnout, and will also help administrators to implement such leadership style that decrease emotional instability and raise performance. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46009402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Strengthening healthcare system increases the productivity of healthcare spending. To evaluate changes in cost productivity over a five year period (2011- 2015) in 55 OIC’s member states. The cost Malmquist productivity index and bootstrap truncated regression are applied to estimate the dynamics of the cost productivity and its determinants in the healthcare system of OIC’s member states. Life expectancy and under 5 child survival rate are used as outputs while doctors, nurses, mid wives and beds per thousand population are used as inputs. Public health expenditure is used as input price for measuring allocative efficiency change. The results of the study indicate that the cost productivity increases by 7.9% and the classical technical productivity grows by 8.9%. The increase in the cost productivity is mainly driven by an increase in allocative efficiency and technological change. All the determinants except population growth rate of cost productivity are found significant. Literacy rate and Per Capita GDP have come up the main driver of cost productivity growth. The study concludes that the impact of population growth on the overall shifts in the health production frontier is not significant.
{"title":"Cost Productivity of Healthcare Systems in OIC’s Member Countries: an Application of Cost Malmquist Total Productivity Index","authors":"N. Asghar, H. Rehman, M. Ali","doi":"10.26710/READS.V5I3.696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/READS.V5I3.696","url":null,"abstract":"Strengthening healthcare system increases the productivity of healthcare spending. To evaluate changes in cost productivity over a five year period (2011- 2015) in 55 OIC’s member states. The cost Malmquist productivity index and bootstrap truncated regression are applied to estimate the dynamics of the cost productivity and its determinants in the healthcare system of OIC’s member states. Life expectancy and under 5 child survival rate are used as outputs while doctors, nurses, mid wives and beds per thousand population are used as inputs. Public health expenditure is used as input price for measuring allocative efficiency change. The results of the study indicate that the cost productivity increases by 7.9% and the classical technical productivity grows by 8.9%. The increase in the cost productivity is mainly driven by an increase in allocative efficiency and technological change. All the determinants except population growth rate of cost productivity are found significant. Literacy rate and Per Capita GDP have come up the main driver of cost productivity growth. The study concludes that the impact of population growth on the overall shifts in the health production frontier is not significant.","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45894281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Globalization has resulted in a significant increase in the FDI inflows. The impact of corruption on FDI inflow has been extensively studied in previous research. However, this topic has received scarce attention in Asians economies countries. Asian Economies is different from other Europe, Africa, North America and South America as rapid growth have seen in recent years. To fill the research gap, we collected data for seven South Asians countries. Based on the collected data, we first find out the effect of corruption on FDI. The results showed a positive and significant effect of corruption on FDI and supporting the helping hand theories of corruption which suggesting that South Asian countries should bring political stability and good governance, peace to attract more MNC, make strong law and its implementation to make corruption lessen.
{"title":"Does Corruption Affect Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence From East Asian Countries","authors":"M. Jan, Sher Ali, Abid Ali","doi":"10.26710/READS.V5I3.700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/READS.V5I3.700","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization has resulted in a significant increase in the FDI inflows. The impact of corruption on FDI inflow has been extensively studied in previous research. However, this topic has received scarce attention in Asians economies countries. Asian Economies is different from other Europe, Africa, North America and South America as rapid growth have seen in recent years. To fill the research gap, we collected data for seven South Asians countries. Based on the collected data, we first find out the effect of corruption on FDI. The results showed a positive and significant effect of corruption on FDI and supporting the helping hand theories of corruption which suggesting that South Asian countries should bring political stability and good governance, peace to attract more MNC, make strong law and its implementation to make corruption lessen.","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41477896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. D. Khan, Rao Imran Habib, Attaullah Mehmood, A. Basit
This paper examines the relationship between enforcement of intellectual property rights and growth of the creative economy. Intellectual property based creative industries highly contribute towards national economy through trade, value addition, and tax revenues. Size of the global creative economy has almost doubled during 2015 leading it to the figure of $509 billion that was $205 billion during year 2002. It is worth noting that major player in global volume of creative economy are South Asian countries such as China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, India, and Taiwan. Major creative industries include software, pharmaceutical, music, cinema, fashion, design, art, culture, photography, publishing, and other related creative works. Creative industries need support of effective enforcement from intellectual property rights to pay incentive to a creator for its investment of expertise, labour, and finances. In absence of effective intellectual property enforcement and violation of intellectual property rights, innovation may go slow that affects growth of the creative economy. This research highlights potentials of growth of the creative economies in Pakistan in terms of intellectual property rights.
{"title":"Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Economy; Way Forward for Pakistan","authors":"M. D. Khan, Rao Imran Habib, Attaullah Mehmood, A. Basit","doi":"10.26710/READS.V5I3.697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26710/READS.V5I3.697","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the relationship between enforcement of intellectual property rights and growth of the creative economy. Intellectual property based creative industries highly contribute towards national economy through trade, value addition, and tax revenues. Size of the global creative economy has almost doubled during 2015 leading it to the figure of $509 billion that was $205 billion during year 2002. It is worth noting that major player in global volume of creative economy are South Asian countries such as China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, India, and Taiwan. Major creative industries include software, pharmaceutical, music, cinema, fashion, design, art, culture, photography, publishing, and other related creative works. Creative industries need support of effective enforcement from intellectual property rights to pay incentive to a creator for its investment of expertise, labour, and finances. In absence of effective intellectual property enforcement and violation of intellectual property rights, innovation may go slow that affects growth of the creative economy. This research highlights potentials of growth of the creative economies in Pakistan in terms of intellectual property rights.","PeriodicalId":32725,"journal":{"name":"Review of Economics and Development Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46889959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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