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The application of Quality Management to education systems 质量管理在教育系统中的应用
Pub Date : 2019-04-30 DOI: 10.37870/joqie.v9i13.176
J. Jarousse
"Quality Management" has developed in the very global form of a project: project for the company, first, which must ensure its profitability and conquer new markets in an increasingly competitive universe, project for the personnel whose interdependence and responsibilities are affirmed whatever the hierarchical position of each, finally, project for the client, naturally concerned with the quality of the goods and services offered to him, but also with the conditions under which these the latter are produced, whether it be respect for the environment or more moral considerations regarding respect for the rights and dignity of employees. From this point of view, "Quality Management" as defined by A. Naji (2000) [1] '' is at the same time a strategy, a system, tools and methods.The principle of quality management is to mobilize all the actors of the company around the permanent search for quality at the different stages of production (from product design, to its actual production through the selection of suppliers and raw material). The strategic objective obviously remains the survival and development of the firm by reducing costs (associated with non-quality) and / or offering products clearly superior to those of the competition. It is a system (almost a philosophy) which associates and mobilizes everyone with the common objective around specific tools and methods aiming as well to track down the sources of non-quality at the level of the activities of different production stakeholders than to improve the design and production of the products themselves. It is accompanied by a set of reference standards (notably ISO standards) and certification procedures based on compliance with these standards.Supporters of this management practice illustrate its relevance by the success of the companies that have joined it (financial results, increase in market share, etc.). With the extension of these approaches to service management, it is tempting to want to apply it to the management of education systems whose performance, often poor compared to the resources committed, clearly calls for new methods of 'administration and steering.The exercise is not immediate: we can first discuss the presumed effectiveness of quality management by noting that it is carried by an enthusiasm which sometimes leaves little room for evidence of its particular relevance (section 1) ; we can then, and this will be the main object of this article, note that the education and training sectors present particularities which deserve to be highlighted (sections 2 and 3) so that this transposition, theoretically possible and desirable, take on its true meaning.
“质量管理”已经发展成为一个全球性的项目:首先是公司的项目,它必须确保其盈利能力,并在竞争日益激烈的世界中征服新市场;其次是员工的项目,他们的相互依存和责任是肯定的,无论每个人的等级地位如何;最后是客户的项目,自然与提供给他的商品和服务的质量有关,但也与生产这些产品和服务的条件有关。无论是对环境的尊重,还是对员工权利和尊严的道德考虑。从这个角度来看,a . Naji(2000)所定义的“质量管理”同时是一种战略、一种系统、工具和方法。质量管理的原则是在生产的不同阶段(从产品设计到实际生产,通过选择供应商和原材料),动员公司的所有行为者围绕对质量的永久追求。战略目标显然仍然是通过降低成本(与非质量相关)和/或提供明显优于竞争对手的产品来维持企业的生存和发展。它是一个系统(几乎是一种哲学),它将每个人与特定工具和方法的共同目标联系起来并动员起来,旨在在不同生产利益相关者的活动层面上追踪不质量的来源,而不是改进产品本身的设计和生产。它附有一套参考标准(特别是ISO标准)和基于遵守这些标准的认证程序。这种管理实践的支持者通过加入它的公司的成功(财务结果、市场份额的增加等)来说明它的相关性。随着这些方法扩展到服务管理,人们很想将其应用于教育系统的管理,这些系统的表现与所投入的资源相比往往很差,显然需要新的“管理和指导”方法。这项工作不是立即进行的:我们可以首先讨论质量管理的假定有效性,注意到它是由一种热情进行的,这种热情有时几乎没有留下证明其特殊相关性的余地(第1节);然后,我们可以(这将是本文的主要目标)注意到,教育和培训部门呈现出值得强调的特殊性(第2节和第3节),以便这种转换在理论上是可能的和可取的,具有其真正的含义。
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引用次数: 0
Quelques reflexions sur une CONCEPTION « qualitative » du système éducatif 对教育系统“定性”概念的一些思考
Pub Date : 2019-04-30 DOI: 10.37870/joqie.v9i13.186
Abdennasser Naji
The precise definition of needs, as far as possible, is an essential prerequisite in the design of the education system. Although the process of teaching is usually lengthy, the period that actually serves to instill specific skills for a particular need is very short, as it does not exceed two years. For this reason, it is often possible to rely on predictions to determine the needs of the education system to be designed. However, in areas where these needs are changing very quickly, so much so that forecasts become almost impossible, we can get around the problem until things are clearer and real needs appear before deciding whether to take them into account or not, in the development of the education system. This way of proceeding requires that the latter be flexible enough to respond quickly to new needs. This flexibility is particularly evident in the speed with which content is introduced into programs that meet these needs, and the establishment of a permanent training system that is effective enough to upgrade the skills of teachers.
尽可能准确地确定需求是设计教育系统的一个重要先决条件。尽管教学过程通常很长,但实际用于为特定需求灌输特定技能的时间很短,因为不超过两年。因此,通常可以依靠预测来确定要设计的教育系统的需求。然而,在这些需求变化非常快,以至于预测几乎不可能的领域,我们可以绕过这个问题,直到事情变得更清楚,真正的需求出现,然后再决定在教育系统的发展中是否考虑这些需求。这种处理方式要求后者具有足够的灵活性,能够对新的需求作出迅速反应。这种灵活性在将内容引入满足这些需求的项目的速度以及建立一个足以有效提升教师技能的永久培训系统方面尤为明显。
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引用次数: 0
The improvement of Quality in Education 提高教育质量
Pub Date : 2019-04-30 DOI: 10.37870/joqie.v9i13
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引用次数: 1
Qualité de l'éducation dans le secondaire public général en Côte d'Ivoire cote科特迪瓦普通公立中学的教育质量
Pub Date : 2019-04-04 DOI: 10.37870/joqie.v4i5.58
Marie-Thérèse Koffi, Aline N'CHO, Hendersonn Nguessan
Depuis la conférence de Dakar en 2000, la recherche d'une éducation de qualité est au coeur de nombreux programmes de gouvernements de pays africains. Ce besoin de qualité dans l'éducation est aujourd'hui plus que hier présent et pressant pour tous les cycles d'enseignement en Côte d'Ivoire. Dans le secondaire particuliêrement, le problême de qualité est perçu à  travers les taux élevés d'abandon, les faibles taux de promotion et les faibles taux de réussite aux différents examens du BAC et du BEPC. Ce constat général, contraste cependant avec les résultats individuels de quelques établissements qui réalisent de bons résultats. Ce sont: les établissements d'excellence et certains de statut commun. Pourquoi alors, dans cette crise de dépréciation de la qualité de l'enseignement secondaire, ces établissements se distinguent-ils par la production de bons résultats?Nous avons donc dans sept établissements situés dans deux villes que sont Abidjan et Yamoussoukro analyser l'influence des facteurs de politiques d'efficacité interne des établissements d'excellence et de statut commun sur leurs performances.Les résultats de l'enquête montrent que les différences de performances entre établissements s'expliquent par les différences dans la manipulation de mêmes facteurs tels que : l'assiduité, le mode de gestion du temps d'apprentissage, l'encadrement des élêves, le matériel pédagogique et les équipements. Il ressort que les dispositions telles que l'internat, les cars écoles, l'intégration d'heures d'études surveillées dans les emplois du temps des élêves, les ratios élêves-classe et élêves-enseignant faibles et la disponibilité en quantité suffisante du matériel pédagogique sont les éléments de ces facteurs qui concourent à  l'amélioration des performances des établissements et partant de leur efficacité interne.
自2000年达喀尔会议以来,寻求优质教育一直是非洲国家政府许多项目的核心。在cote d' ivoire,对教育质量的需求比以往任何时候都更加迫切。特别是在中等教育中,质量问题表现为高辍学率、低晋升率和各种BAC和BEPC考试的成功率低。然而,这一总体情况与一些表现良好的机构的个别表现形成了鲜明对比。它们是:优秀的机构和一些具有共同地位的机构。那么,在这场中等教育质量下降的危机中,为什么这些学校表现出色呢?因此,我们在阿比让和亚穆苏克罗两个城市的七所院校中分析了卓越院校内部效率政策因素和共同地位对其绩效的影响。调查结果显示,学校表现的差异是由于对相同因素的处理不同,如出勤率、学习时间管理、学生监督、教材和设备。之类的规定可以看出,寄宿学校大巴,整合课时学习时间的岗位中有监控、élêvesélêves-classe比率和élêves-enseignant弱小和足量供应的教材内容是这些因素有助于提高业绩的机构和内部有效性出发。
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引用次数: 0
Can We Comment on Quality 我们可以评论质量吗
Pub Date : 2019-04-04 DOI: 10.37870/JOQIE.V5I6.42
Shajedur Rahman
This paper analyses the existing literature about the Quality Assurance process of primary education in three different countries within the south Asia subcontinent namely, India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. It argues that the definition of Quality education is still ambiguous in among the systems. However, this article categories the aspects of quality education from existing literature and examines the quality assurance systems in the mentioned three countries. Having done so, it shows that the quality assurance systems in all three countries focus differently in various aspects of quality education among which the physical aspects are predominant.
本文分析了南亚次大陆三个不同国家(即印度、孟加拉国和巴基斯坦)关于小学教育质量保证过程的现有文献。它认为,在各个体系中,素质教育的定义仍然模糊不清。然而,本文从现有文献中对素质教育的各个方面进行了分类,并考察了上述三个国家的质量保证体系。这样做表明,这三个国家的质量保证体系在质量教育的各个方面都有不同的侧重,其中身体方面占主导地位。
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引用次数: 0
Towards an inclusive pedagogy in South Africa 走向南非的包容性教育
Pub Date : 2018-12-14 DOI: 10.37870/JOQIE.V8I12.172
S. Naicker
Very little has been done concerning mass education since it was introduced for working class children in developing and poor countries. Bowles and Gintis (1976) warned us that schools reproduce the status quo. When developed nations plan they plan for the middle class because the middle class are in the majority. Developing countries, following this model also plan for the middle class but the majority of children in developing countries are working class. This action further marginalises the working class. Whilst this paper is contradictory in suggesting a first world inclusive education model I am of the view that you cannot throw the baby out with the bathwater. There is enormous merit in following the inclusion model since it holds promise for working class children and vulnerable children who constitute the majority population in developing countries schooling systems. Developing countries should plan on the basis of the specificities of their contexts and continue to refine theories and models with a view to ensuring that more children graduate from school.Working class children will struggle in the contemporary world because of the politicisation of education which results in a performative culture. With the Neo-Liberal paradigm, working class children run the risk of remaining in the margins of society. Modern day bureaucracies are victims of the performance culture that is promoted by the World Bank other supra national organisations.
自从在发展中国家和贫穷国家为工人阶级的孩子引入大众教育以来,大众教育做得很少。鲍尔斯和金蒂斯(1976)警告我们,学校会复制现状。发达国家的计划都是为中产阶级制定的,因为中产阶级占大多数。发展中国家,遵循这一模式也计划中产阶级,但大多数儿童在发展中国家是工人阶级。这一行动进一步使工人阶级边缘化。虽然这篇论文在提出第一世界包容性教育模式方面存在矛盾,但我认为,你不能把婴儿和洗澡水一起倒掉。遵循包容性模式有巨大的优点,因为它为工人阶级儿童和弱势儿童带来了希望,而这些儿童在发展中国家的学校教育系统中占多数。发展中国家应根据本国情况的具体情况进行规划,并继续完善理论和模式,以期确保更多的儿童从学校毕业。由于教育的政治化导致了表演文化,工人阶级的孩子将在当代世界中挣扎。在新自由主义的范式下,工人阶级的孩子们冒着留在社会边缘的风险。现代官僚机构是世界银行(World Bank)等超国家组织所推崇的绩效文化的受害者。
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引用次数: 0
Inspection bodies guaranteeing the quality of sustainable knowledge and its transmission 保证可持续知识及其传播质量的检查机构
Pub Date : 2018-12-12 DOI: 10.37870/joqie.v8i12.169
Hervé Keradec
Faced with the challenge of a knowledge-based society, States must set up bodies to control the quality of knowledge and its transmission. In France, the inspection bodies created at the beginning of the 19th century have constantly evaluated teachers, establishments, policies and systems. Currently, the analysis of the inspectors' activities shows a great fragmentation of their function which does not facilitate their essential mission of evaluation and scientific, didactic and pedagogical improvement of the taught subjects. Four avenues are proposed to consolidate the evaluation work and respond to the economic, cultural and educational challenges of globalization.
面对以知识为基础的社会的挑战,各国必须设立机构来控制知识的质量及其传播。在法国,19世纪初成立的检查机构不断地对教师、机构、政策和制度进行评估。目前,对检查专员活动的分析表明,他们的职能非常分散,这不利于他们对所教科目进行评价和科学、教学和教学改进的基本任务。为巩固评价工作,应对全球化带来的经济、文化和教育挑战,提出了四条途径。
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引用次数: 0
Deeper Learning - How can it revolutionize African education and prepare students for the future workforce? 深度学习——它如何彻底改变非洲的教育,让学生为未来的劳动力做好准备?
Pub Date : 2018-12-12 DOI: 10.37870/JOQIE.V8I12.167
Ambalika Dogra
The term 'Deep learning' is widespread today from the name of machine learning. On the contrary, another term 'Deeper Learning' from the area of education was prevalent a decade ago, but now it is becoming a fashionable phrase for educationists. It is not just a buzz word, but it also has a power to change the status quo of education and revamp it to the next level. Though, it has the potential to transform teaching and learning, it is still unsure how to gear it up in education and perhaps, a stronger and a new pedagogy is much needed here to usher into fourth industrial revolution.The purpose of this perspective paper is to find out and design a new pedagogical framework which can be utilized to carry out the process of deeper learning and prepare students for the future workforce. The chief mission is to improve deeper learning skills of students, and to make it, author decided to bring a new design for deeper learning. Executed with a 21st century pedagogy, deeper learning is the most effective approach to achieve and improve learning process of students and turn them into learning leaders instead of focusing more on their academic outcomes. The priority is to improve meaningful learning and its application. Application means transferring what one has learned into another situation which can be similar or completely dissimilar. However, before transferring, it is significant to have a meaningful learning, only then transfer can take place. This paper has emphasized on a new pedagogy which can improve the learning process of students through the use of digital technology.Because of the scarcity of research on deeper learning, author has analyzed deeper learning talk or articles, and determined to lead a new DL (deeper learning) Framework. Evidences were gathered concerning what researchers and schools are doing along with authors' own perspective to bring deeper learning in teaching and learning, then a new pedagogical framework was brought out.This perspective has great implications to improve deeper learning skills of students. Schools, College or Universities can use DL framework as a reference on how to use deeper learning approach in education.
“深度学习”一词在今天从机器学习的名字开始就很普遍。相反,教育领域的另一个术语“更深的学习”在十年前很流行,但现在它正成为教育家的一个时髦短语。这不仅仅是一个流行词,它还具有改变教育现状并将其提升到下一个水平的力量。尽管它有可能改变教学,但它仍然不确定如何在教育中推动它,也许,这里急需一种更强大、新的教育方法来迎来第四次工业革命。这篇前瞻性论文的目的是找出并设计一个新的教学框架,该框架可用于进行更深层次的学习,并为学生未来的工作做好准备。其主要任务是提高学生的深度学习技能,为此,作者决定为深度学习带来一种新的设计。采用21世纪的教育法,深度学习是实现和改善学生学习过程并将他们转变为学习领导者的最有效方法,而不是更多地关注他们的学术成果。当务之急是改进有意义的学习及其应用。应用意味着将所学知识转移到另一种可能相似或完全不同的情况中。然而,在迁移之前,进行有意义的学习是很重要的,只有这样才能进行迁移。本文强调了一种新的教学法,它可以通过使用数字技术来改善学生的学习过程。由于对深度学习的研究较少,作者分析了深度学习的谈话或文章,并决心领导一个新的DL(深度学习)框架。收集了研究人员和学校正在做什么的证据,以及作者自己的观点,以在教学中带来更深层次的学习,然后提出了一个新的教学框架。这一观点对提高学生更深层次的学习技能具有重要意义。学校、学院或大学可以使用DL框架作为如何在教育中使用更深层次学习方法的参考。
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引用次数: 0
Intégration du Management de l'Environnement dans une filiêre d'ingénieur en génie industriel et logistique au Maroc 将环境管理纳入摩洛哥工业和物流工程系
Pub Date : 2018-12-12 DOI: 10.37870/joqie.v8i12.158
Safia Lamrani
Ce travail décrit une étude de cas réelle d'intégration du Management de l'Environnement dans la formation d'ingénieurs d'Etat en Génie Industriel et Logistique de l'Ecole Nationale supérieure d'électricité et de Mécanique (ENSEM) à  Casablanca au Maroc. L'étude s'est focalisée sur l'aspect particulier de la gestion des déchets au sein de l'établissement universitaire. Le principe adopté est principalement celui des 3R (Réduction ; Réutilisation ; Recyclage). L'approche par projet a été adoptée. En plus de l'aspect technique, l'acquisition, par les élêves ingénieurs, de compétences managériales et de communication a été permise grâce à  cette approche. Une multitude d'outils inspirés des techniques de l'ingénierie industrielle et logistique a été déployées en réponse des problématiques rencontrées sur le terrain.
这项工作描述了摩洛哥卡萨布兰卡国家电力和机械学院(ENSEM)将环境管理纳入工业和物流工程国家工程师培训的真实案例研究。这项研究侧重于学术机构废物管理的具体方面。采用的原则主要是3R(减少、再利用、再循环)。采用了基于项目的方法。除了技术方面,由于这种方法,学生工程师还可以获得管理和沟通技能。针对该领域遇到的问题,部署了大量受工业和物流工程技术启发的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Enabling "Quality Society" through quality education for sustainable development 通过可持续发展的优质教育实现“优质社会”
Pub Date : 2018-12-12 DOI: 10.37870/JOQIE.V8I11.154
J. Anttila, Kari Jussila
The United Nations' Agenda 2030 for sustainable development is the action plan with the ambitious goals and targets for transforming our world. According to UNESCO, education for everybody is at the heart of the sustainable development, and quality of the education is imperative. Sustainability and sustainable development are ambiguous concepts, and the whole is difficult to discern. Here in this article, we examine them comprehensively and systematically and clarify their elements and relationship in the broader concept of 'quality society'. Quality of the society and education, are dealt with in the professional and standardized way. Great variety of possibilities for formal, non-formal and informal education are available in our societies. Although certain organizations of the society have a strong influence on the prevailing situation and its development, ultimately the education and learning, and also the sustainable development of the society depend on people and their activity. Universities have the special role in the development of civilization towards the advanced human society and the high level of culture, science, industry, and government. Development of the society takes place in the local communities, municipalities, countries, regions and in the whole world. Fast and versatile technical implementations and urbanization set particular requirements on the educational solutions and societal development. Hence, innovations are necessary also for the educational and societal development processes.
《联合国2030年可持续发展议程》是一项行动计划,其中包含了改变我们世界的宏伟目标。联合国教科文组织认为,人人享有教育是可持续发展的核心,教育质量至关重要。可持续性和可持续发展是两个模糊的概念,整体很难辨别。在这篇文章中,我们全面而系统地考察了它们,并在更广泛的“质量社会”概念中阐明了它们的要素和关系。社会和教育的质量,都是以专业和规范的方式处理的。在我们的社会中,正规、非正规和非正规教育的可能性多种多样。尽管社会的某些组织对当前形势及其发展有着强大的影响,但归根结底,教育和学习以及社会的可持续发展取决于人及其活动。大学在向先进的人类社会和高水平的文化、科学、工业和政府发展文明方面发挥着特殊的作用。社会的发展发生在当地社区、市镇、国家、地区和全世界。快速和通用的技术实施和城市化对教育解决方案和社会发展提出了特殊要求。因此,创新对于教育和社会发展进程也是必要的。
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引用次数: 0
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