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An instant before the world is born or How to survive in the realm of shadows 在世界诞生之前的瞬间或者如何在阴影中生存
Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2022-36-7
A. Sukhno, V. Gulin
The article is related to the revealing of the intent of Hegel’s “Science of Logic”. As authors take it, there is an attempt to imagine the fundamental level of reasoning, where there is no opposition between cognition and its object. In this dimension there is no need to substantiate compatibility between them — it is a level of primary foundation of knowledge. Consequently, any knowledge at this level may be characterized as “Ultimate”. That being said, place of such knowledge is not taken by several specific statements, but by the certain way of organizing those “mental definitions” that are already used by common human sense. To organize these definitions, to arrange them into consistently deployed sequence of logical notions, there is need to abort the search for the primary foundation for knowledge inherent in philosophy from its very origins. This attempt was reflected in Kant's theory of knowledge, where the problem of the reliability of knowledge was solved due to self-limitation in the process of cognition — it was necessary to stop before a certain line, beyond which thought leaves “the limits of possible experience” and falls into the area of insoluble contradictions (antinomies). Hegel's Logic, which, according to the authors, is in a kind of “symbiosis” with the Kantian program, consists in considering these insoluble contradictions precisely as a “symptom” of achieving the primary foundation of knowledge. It is in the collision with an insoluble contradiction that the definitions are organized in the necessary logical sequence, and that fundamental level is reached where there is no opposition between cognition and its object.
本文是关于黑格尔《逻辑学》的意旨的揭示。正如作者们所认为的那样,这是一种设想推理的基本层次的尝试,在这个层次上,认知与其客体之间没有对立。在这个维度中,没有必要证实它们之间的兼容性——这是知识的初级基础水平。因此,在这个层次上的任何知识都可以被描述为“终极”。话虽如此,这种知识的地位并不是由几个特定的陈述所取代的,而是由那些已经被人类常识所使用的“心理定义”的某种组织方式所取代的。要把这些定义组织起来,把它们排列成连贯的逻辑概念序列,就必须放弃从哲学的起源开始寻找哲学固有知识的主要基础。这一尝试体现在康德的认识论中,在认识论中,知识的可靠性问题是由于认识过程中的自我限制而得到解决的——必须在某一界限之前停止,超出这一界限,思维就离开了“可能经验的界限”,陷入了不可解决的矛盾(二律背反)的领域。黑格尔的逻辑学,在作者看来,与康德的纲领是一种“共生关系”,它正是把这些不可解决的矛盾看作是达到知识的最初基础的“征兆”。正是在与不可解决的矛盾的碰撞中,定义才按照必要的逻辑次序组织起来,从而达到认识与对象之间没有对立的基本境界。
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引用次数: 0
Nature of post-Soviet wars: fragments of problems 后苏联战争的性质:问题的碎片
Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2022-36-2
V. Makarenko
The author substantiates the principle of the researcher’s distance from thepolitical situation in Russia and the entire post-Soviet space [Makarenko V. P., 2016, pp. 53–77]given that the main characteristics of the Russian, Soviet and post-Soviet state mind come fromlie, violence and political mediocrity [Makarenko V. P., Akopyan A. G., Khaled R. K. B., 2020].The leaders of the Russian Empire (Nicholas II) and the Soviet Union (Stalin) engaged thecountry in two world wars which implies that even the Russian revolutions did not change thepatterns of political thinking of the ruling minorities in Russia [Liven D., 2007].The purpose of this article is to apply the author's concept of bureaucracy to explain thenature of post-Soviet wars. For this, the fundamental research of Hannah Arendt, theobservations of writers, war journalists, and civilian analysts of the Soviet war in Afghanistanand the war between Russia and Chechnya in 1994–1996 are being used. The problems ofreassessing the links between war and politics, the phenomenon of unknown wars in the historyof the USSR and post-Soviet Russia, the reproduction of liars and the process of formation ofunrecognized states in the post-Soviet space are considered.
鉴于俄罗斯、苏联和后苏联国家心理的主要特征来自谎言、暴力和政治平庸,作者证实了研究者与俄罗斯和整个后苏联空间的政治局势保持距离的原则[Makarenko V. P., 2016, pp. 53-77] [Makarenko V. P., Akopyan A. G., Khaled R. K. B., 2020]。俄罗斯帝国(尼古拉二世)和苏联(斯大林)的领导人将国家卷入了两次世界大战,这意味着即使是俄罗斯革命也没有改变俄罗斯统治少数民族的政治思维模式[Liven D., 2007]。本文的目的是运用作者的官僚主义概念来解释后苏联战争的性质。为此,汉娜·阿伦特(Hannah Arendt)的基础研究、作家、战地记者和民间分析人士对苏联在阿富汗的战争以及1994-1996年俄罗斯与车臣之间的战争的观察都被使用。重新评估战争与政治之间的联系、苏联和后苏联时期俄罗斯历史上的未知战争现象、骗子的再生产以及后苏联空间中未被承认的国家的形成过程等问题都被考虑在内。
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引用次数: 0
Twists and turns of sympoiesis: reflections on the one notion from Donna Haraway’s book "Staying with the Trouble. Making Kin in the Chthulucene" 隐喻的曲折:对唐娜·哈拉威《与麻烦同在》一书中一个概念的思考。在Chthulucene制造Kin”
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2021-35-11
B. Podoroga
The paper is set to explore the concept of ‘sympoesis’ as it is laid out in the Donna Haraway title “Staying with the Trouble. Making Kin in Chthulucene”. Tracing back to the symbiosis theory put forth by Lynn Margulis, sympoesis describes a kind of collective production predicated on interaction of a variety of lifeforms, genomes, species, communities and worldviews that overhauls representations of man as a figure of domination ranging from the classical hero to the modern day corporate manager. While looking to understand how Haraway’s conceptual repertory is aligned with her purpose to step outside of the Western anthropocentric legacy thinking and establishing a novel non-human materialistic ontology working through emergent chthonic forces, we consider the Gaia hypothesis and the notions of ‘tentacular thinking’ and ‘trouble’ alongside with a timeline of Anthropocene, Capitalocene, and Chthulucene discussed in the book.
这篇论文旨在探讨“交响曲”的概念,正如唐娜·哈拉威(Donna Haraway)的标题“与麻烦同在”(stay with The Trouble)所阐述的那样。在Chthulucene制作Kin”。追溯到林恩·马古利斯(Lynn Margulis)提出的共生理论,sympoesis描述了一种以各种生命形式、基因组、物种、社区和世界观的相互作用为基础的集体生产,这种生产彻底改变了从古典英雄到现代公司经理的统治形象。为了理解哈拉威的概念是如何与她的目的保持一致的,即走出西方人类中心主义的遗产思维,并通过新兴的民族力量建立一种新的非人类唯物主义本体论,我们考虑了盖亚假说、“触手思维”和“麻烦”的概念,以及书中讨论的人类世、资本世和克苏鲁世的时间轴。
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引用次数: 0
Historia magistra vitae
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2021-35-8
Svetlana Neretina
The article raises the question of understanding history not as a synthesis of the originally ancient Greek understanding of the world, the world of cosmic order and the Jewish Olam, but a palimpsest, where an erased other text is seen through the written text so that two dissimilar images of the world are manifested. The author examines the possibilities of such an understanding of history through the texts of "On the Orator" by Cicero, "Scholastic History" by Comestor and through a fragment of "Proslogion" by Anselm of Canterbury, who included in his work the objection to it of a certain monk Gaunilon. The idea of the world by V. V. Bibikhin seems to be a variant of resolving the problem of a dual understanding of history
这篇文章提出了这样一个问题:不要把历史理解为最初的古希腊对世界的理解的综合,宇宙秩序的世界和犹太人的奥兰,而是一个重写本,在重写本中,一个被抹去的其他文本通过书面文本被看到,从而表现出两个不同的世界形象。作者通过西塞罗的《论演说家》、科米斯特的《经院史》和坎特伯雷的安瑟伦的《序篇》片段来考察这种历史理解的可能性,安瑟伦在他的作品中包括了某个僧侣高尼翁对它的反对。V. V. Bibikhin的世界观念似乎是解决历史的双重理解问题的一种变体
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引用次数: 0
Vienna Group within the framework of the German nuclear project 维也纳集团框架内的德国核电项目
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2021-35-10
Andrei Sevalnikov
The work deals with the large-scale research in the field of nuclear physics and chemistry, which was carried out in the framework of the German Nuclear Project ("Uranverein") from 1939 to 1945 in Austria, which is completely unknown in the Russian literature. The University of Vienna, the Radium Institute of Vienna, the Neutron Institute, as well as the Vienna Higher Technical School took part in the work. Within the framework of the project, the following topics were developed: the creation of a nuclear reactor, the creation of powerful accelerator technology, the creation and study of transuranic elements, the development of computer technology, as well as conducting biomedical radiation experiments
这项工作涉及核物理和化学领域的大规模研究,这些研究是在1939年至1945年在奥地利的德国核项目(“Uranverein”)框架内进行的,这在俄罗斯文献中是完全未知的。维也纳大学、维也纳镭研究所、中子研究所以及维也纳高等技术学校参与了这项工作。在该项目的框架内,制定了下列主题:建立核反应堆、建立强大的加速器技术、建立和研究超铀元素、发展计算机技术以及进行生物医学辐射实验
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引用次数: 0
“Civilization” as a symptom “文明”是一种症状
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2021-35-7
Sergei Gurko
The article deals with the question of the appropriateness of using the term “civilization” in a historical work. It is shown that the internal inconsistency of this term makes it insufficiently neutral for history-as-science, but, probably, it can serve as a symptom of certain circumstances of history-as-process
本文探讨了在历史著作中使用“文明”一词的恰当性问题。这一术语的内在的不一致性,使得它对于作为科学的历史来说还不够中立,但是,也许,它可以作为历史作为过程的某些情况的征兆
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引用次数: 0
Why is history a bad teacher? 为什么历史是一个糟糕的老师?
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2021-35-2
Fedor Bluher
The article consistently examines the logical, ontological, social, political and ethical grounds for using the science of history as an edifying teaching material. It is shown that in each of the listed disciplines, when using historical material, specific contradictions arise that do not allow making an unambiguous conclusion on the basis of this material, thereby reducing the scientific potential of the above disciplines
本文从逻辑、本体论、社会、政治和伦理等方面考察了历史科学作为教化教材的依据。这表明,在每一个列出的学科中,当使用历史材料时,会产生特定的矛盾,无法根据这些材料做出明确的结论,从而降低了上述学科的科学潜力
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引用次数: 0
Is there a recipe for getting rid of narcissism? 有没有摆脱自恋的方法?
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2021-35-13
Y. Samoylova
The book examines the problem of narcissism. The old myth of Narcissus is reinterpreted in a completely new discourse — political narcissism.
这本书探讨了自恋的问题。那喀索斯的古老神话在一种全新的话语中被重新诠释——政治自恋。
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引用次数: 0
The Noumenal Morass: Post-Kantian Representationalism and Its Relationalist Critique in the Light of Strong Disjunctivism 本体的泥沼:后康德的表征主义及其在强分离主义视野下的关系主义批判
Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2021-34-3
M. Bandurin
This epistemological essay addresses the issue of representational content’s existence in the case of true direct knowledge. Contrary answers to it are considered as a basis for the distinction between representationalism and relationalism. The first part of the essay contains a critical analysis of the fundamental features of German Idealism as a kind of representationalism, which determined the main epistemological trend of continental philosophy in the form of post-Kantian representationalism. In the second part, after a brief excursion into certain contemporary continental issues, the current discussion between representationalism and relationalism in analytical philosophy is considered. It is concluded that relationalism, while correctly recognizing the nature of direct perception as being without representational content, is incapable of ensuring the unity of direct perception and a perceptual judgment, and a solution is proposed that could lead out of this epistemological impasse.
这篇认识论的文章解决了在真正的直接知识的情况下表征性内容存在的问题。与之相反的答案被认为是表征主义和关系主义之间区别的基础。本文第一部分批判性地分析了德国唯心主义作为一种表征主义的基本特征,这种特征决定了后康德表征主义形式下大陆哲学的主要认识论倾向。在第二部分中,在对某些当代大陆问题进行了简短的考察之后,我们将考虑分析哲学中表征主义和关系主义之间的当前讨论。结论是,关系主义虽然正确地认识到直接感知的本质是没有表征内容的,但无法确保直接感知和感知判断的统一,并提出了一种解决方案,可以导致这种认识论的僵局。
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引用次数: 0
Love in the family through the eyes of the writer Meir Shalev (and fragments of novel texts and analysis) 作家梅尔·沙列夫眼中的家庭之爱(以及小说文本和分析的片段)
Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.37769/2077-6608-2021-34-1
V. Rozin
The article presents small fragments of three novels by Meir Shalev, and the author on this material discusses the writer's understanding of love, family and personality. Why, he asks, is the fate of the family as portrayed by Shalev so sad, almost unconnected with love, and why the personality in novels is usually lonely? To answer these questions, an analysis of these three realities important for life is proposed, on the one hand, as Shalev understands them, on the other, how they currently look objectively. The author comes to the conclusion that at present in culture the understanding and concepts of family, love and personality are not coordinated with each other, which gives rise to numerous problems and a crisis of sociality. In parallel, he is trying to clarify the essence of the phenomena of love, family, personality and sociality discussed by Shalev.
本文介绍了梅厄·沙列夫三部小说的小片段,并讨论了作者对爱情、家庭和个性的理解。他问道,为什么沙列夫所描绘的家庭命运如此悲惨,几乎与爱情无关,为什么小说中的人物通常是孤独的?为了回答这些问题,我们提出了对这三个对生活至关重要的现实的分析,一方面,Shalev如何理解它们,另一方面,它们目前是如何客观看待的。作者得出结论,目前文化中对家庭、爱情和人格的理解和观念不协调,从而产生了许多问题和社会危机。与此同时,他也试图厘清沙列夫所讨论的爱情、家庭、人格和社会性现象的本质。
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引用次数: 0
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Vox. Philosophical journal
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