This paper addresses some fundamental and practical issues that should be considered when pursuing evaluation studies in Information Visualization. The main focus is on quantitative experimental research but the general information applies to all kinds of studies. The purpose is to increase awareness of what constitutes a sound scientific approach to evaluation and to point out common pitfalls and mistakes during the phases of such study. These phases cover how to plan, design, conduct and analyse the outcome of an evaluation and finally how to report in a way that enhances readability, provides details relevant to the outcome and that allows replication. The paper could be used as a guide when conducting evaluation and it could also be helpful when reviewing publications since the same rules apply.
{"title":"A Guide to Scientific Evaluation in Information Visualization","authors":"C. Forsell","doi":"10.1109/IV.2010.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2010.33","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses some fundamental and practical issues that should be considered when pursuing evaluation studies in Information Visualization. The main focus is on quantitative experimental research but the general information applies to all kinds of studies. The purpose is to increase awareness of what constitutes a sound scientific approach to evaluation and to point out common pitfalls and mistakes during the phases of such study. These phases cover how to plan, design, conduct and analyse the outcome of an evaluation and finally how to report in a way that enhances readability, provides details relevant to the outcome and that allows replication. The paper could be used as a guide when conducting evaluation and it could also be helpful when reviewing publications since the same rules apply.","PeriodicalId":328464,"journal":{"name":"2010 14th International Conference Information Visualisation","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125325658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Andrienko, N. Andrienko, Martin Mladenov, M. Mock, Christian Pölitz
An important task in exploration of data about phenomena and processes that develop over time is detection of significant changes that happened to the studied phenomenon. Our research is focused on supporting detection of significant changes, called events, in multiple time series of numeric values. We developed a suite of visual analytics techniques that combines interactive visualizations on time-aware displays and maps with statistical event detection methods implemented in R. We demonstrate the utility of our approach using two large data sets.
{"title":"Extracting Events from Spatial Time Series","authors":"G. Andrienko, N. Andrienko, Martin Mladenov, M. Mock, Christian Pölitz","doi":"10.1109/IV.2010.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2010.17","url":null,"abstract":"An important task in exploration of data about phenomena and processes that develop over time is detection of significant changes that happened to the studied phenomenon. Our research is focused on supporting detection of significant changes, called events, in multiple time series of numeric values. We developed a suite of visual analytics techniques that combines interactive visualizations on time-aware displays and maps with statistical event detection methods implemented in R. We demonstrate the utility of our approach using two large data sets.","PeriodicalId":328464,"journal":{"name":"2010 14th International Conference Information Visualisation","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125222408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the improved uptake of Building Information Modelling (BIM) new issues are emerging. Prime in these tasks is how it is presented to the various stakeholders, in tailor made views to reflect their demands and requirements. In this fragmented sector strong in the concept of phased handovers new methods of feedback loops need to be developed, and other stakeholders outside the procurement process need to be included to progress and manage the practice. Within this scenario is the role of the facility manager, who currently operates separately to the procurement stakeholders. Bridges need to be built to bring them closer together especially in light of life cycle costing and sustainability if the buildings operations and maintenance issues are to be addressed in the design phase. The model's ability to host work phases or stages opens up a method to co-inhabit the model to accommodate both sets of stakeholders. This filtering of the model has both tremendously positive aspects but conversely larger issues of ownership and custodianship have not to date been satisfactorily resolved. There is a major role for proper management here, which has not been appropriately identified. Initially there was a clarion call to architects to adopt this role and a few years ago this seemed to return the lead role to this noble profession. But patently they are neither prepared nor keen to take on this role. Constructing architects however do seem to want this discipline which can raise their profile and possibly lead to professional recognition and prestige.
{"title":"The Management of Sharing, Integrating, Tracking, and Maintaining Data-Sets, is a New and Rather Complex Task","authors":"J. Harty, R. Laing","doi":"10.1109/IV.2010.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2010.102","url":null,"abstract":"With the improved uptake of Building Information Modelling (BIM) new issues are emerging. Prime in these tasks is how it is presented to the various stakeholders, in tailor made views to reflect their demands and requirements. In this fragmented sector strong in the concept of phased handovers new methods of feedback loops need to be developed, and other stakeholders outside the procurement process need to be included to progress and manage the practice. Within this scenario is the role of the facility manager, who currently operates separately to the procurement stakeholders. Bridges need to be built to bring them closer together especially in light of life cycle costing and sustainability if the buildings operations and maintenance issues are to be addressed in the design phase. The model's ability to host work phases or stages opens up a method to co-inhabit the model to accommodate both sets of stakeholders. This filtering of the model has both tremendously positive aspects but conversely larger issues of ownership and custodianship have not to date been satisfactorily resolved. There is a major role for proper management here, which has not been appropriately identified. Initially there was a clarion call to architects to adopt this role and a few years ago this seemed to return the lead role to this noble profession. But patently they are neither prepared nor keen to take on this role. Constructing architects however do seem to want this discipline which can raise their profile and possibly lead to professional recognition and prestige.","PeriodicalId":328464,"journal":{"name":"2010 14th International Conference Information Visualisation","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122723589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To meet the growing demand of communicating climate science and policy research, the interdisciplinary field of climate visualization has increasingly extended its traditional use of 2D representations and techniques from the field of scientific visualization to include information visualization for the creation of highly interactive tools for both spatial and abstract data. This paper provides an initial discussion on the need and design of evaluations for climate visualization. We report on previous experiences and identify how evaluation methods commonly used in information visualization can be used in climate visualization to increase our understanding of visualization techniques and tools.
{"title":"Evaluating Climate Visualization: An Information Visualization Approach","authors":"J. Johansson, T. Neset, B. Linnér","doi":"10.1109/IV.2010.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2010.32","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the growing demand of communicating climate science and policy research, the interdisciplinary field of climate visualization has increasingly extended its traditional use of 2D representations and techniques from the field of scientific visualization to include information visualization for the creation of highly interactive tools for both spatial and abstract data. This paper provides an initial discussion on the need and design of evaluations for climate visualization. We report on previous experiences and identify how evaluation methods commonly used in information visualization can be used in climate visualization to increase our understanding of visualization techniques and tools.","PeriodicalId":328464,"journal":{"name":"2010 14th International Conference Information Visualisation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130382743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ACGT Oncosimulator is an integrated Grid-based system, under development within a 25-partner European-Japanese project, for patient-specific simulation of the response of a tumour and surrounding tissue to various forms of therapy. The validation of the simulation code is an activity requiring extensive human-driven visual investigation of the influence of each of the dozens of parameters to the code, and comparison of the simulation results against the known outcomes of past patient treatments. This activity therefore calls for a visualisation environment that supports users in working with an extremely large potential result space, and in rapidly setting up visualisations that highlight the differences between chosen subsets of available results. We describe the innovative features of the OncoRecipeSheet, an environment designed to meet these requirements.
{"title":"Preparing, Exploring and Comparing Cancer Simulation Results within a Large Parameter Space","authors":"A. Lunzer, R. Belleman, P. Melis, G. Stamatakos","doi":"10.1109/IV.2010.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2010.46","url":null,"abstract":"The ACGT Oncosimulator is an integrated Grid-based system, under development within a 25-partner European-Japanese project, for patient-specific simulation of the response of a tumour and surrounding tissue to various forms of therapy. The validation of the simulation code is an activity requiring extensive human-driven visual investigation of the influence of each of the dozens of parameters to the code, and comparison of the simulation results against the known outcomes of past patient treatments. This activity therefore calls for a visualisation environment that supports users in working with an extremely large potential result space, and in rapidly setting up visualisations that highlight the differences between chosen subsets of available results. We describe the innovative features of the OncoRecipeSheet, an environment designed to meet these requirements.","PeriodicalId":328464,"journal":{"name":"2010 14th International Conference Information Visualisation","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123912796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent research indicates that Virtual Reality (VR) as a communication tool to convey design intent and construction methodologies in the built environment sector has been utilized to varied degrees. Currently, the effectiveness of VR has been demonstrated from conception to the final stages of projects in many fields, yet its potential within the Built Environment has still to realised, despite a variety of successful demonstrations. There is concern that the current utilisation of VR compromises its full potential, unsurprisingly, as environmental representations focus predominantly on the visual modality, regardless of the multi sensory nature of the spatial experience. In addition, there is a distinct paucity of research exploring the complex interaction of environmental design and the user, such as the role of attention or conceptual interpretation. This paper aims to identify the issues concerning the utilization of VR models to aid communication for the Built Environment with specific reference to human perception issues.
{"title":"Human Perception, Virtual Reality and the Built Environment","authors":"Angie Johnson, Emine M. Thompson, K. Coventry","doi":"10.1109/IV.2010.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2010.88","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research indicates that Virtual Reality (VR) as a communication tool to convey design intent and construction methodologies in the built environment sector has been utilized to varied degrees. Currently, the effectiveness of VR has been demonstrated from conception to the final stages of projects in many fields, yet its potential within the Built Environment has still to realised, despite a variety of successful demonstrations. There is concern that the current utilisation of VR compromises its full potential, unsurprisingly, as environmental representations focus predominantly on the visual modality, regardless of the multi sensory nature of the spatial experience. In addition, there is a distinct paucity of research exploring the complex interaction of environmental design and the user, such as the role of attention or conceptual interpretation. This paper aims to identify the issues concerning the utilization of VR models to aid communication for the Built Environment with specific reference to human perception issues.","PeriodicalId":328464,"journal":{"name":"2010 14th International Conference Information Visualisation","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125232403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linking+Brushing is a proven concept to reveal relationships across multiple views. Defining complex selections, however, may involve a significant interaction overhead. This paper proposes Peek Brush, a point-brush that is designed to temporarily select and highlight items hovered by the user's mouse cursor. This enables quickly skimming through the data to identify relationships between different data projections within seconds. The Peek Brush serves the purpose of defining a starting point to a more focused inspection using brushes with higher complexity. In order to achieve rapid visual updates, we discuss acceleration techniques like preprocessing, threading, and layering. As a result, the Peek Brush is able to scale to datasets with millions of entries. A case study demonstrates how the Peek Brush minimizes the interaction effort required from the user. It delivers a quick overview and reduces the time needed for the initial visual analysis step from minutes to seconds.
{"title":"Peek Brush: A High-Speed Lightweight Ad-Hoc Selection for Multiple Coordinated Views","authors":"Wolfgang Berger, H. Piringer","doi":"10.1109/IV.2010.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2010.30","url":null,"abstract":"Linking+Brushing is a proven concept to reveal relationships across multiple views. Defining complex selections, however, may involve a significant interaction overhead. This paper proposes Peek Brush, a point-brush that is designed to temporarily select and highlight items hovered by the user's mouse cursor. This enables quickly skimming through the data to identify relationships between different data projections within seconds. The Peek Brush serves the purpose of defining a starting point to a more focused inspection using brushes with higher complexity. In order to achieve rapid visual updates, we discuss acceleration techniques like preprocessing, threading, and layering. As a result, the Peek Brush is able to scale to datasets with millions of entries. A case study demonstrates how the Peek Brush minimizes the interaction effort required from the user. It delivers a quick overview and reduces the time needed for the initial visual analysis step from minutes to seconds.","PeriodicalId":328464,"journal":{"name":"2010 14th International Conference Information Visualisation","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130173144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rapid growth in the availability of digital libraries of K-12 curriculum, coupled with an increased emphasis on standard-based teaching has led to the development of automated standard assignment tools. To assess the performance of one of those tools and to gain insight into the differences between how human catalogers and automated tools conduct these standard assignments, we explore the use of network modeling and visualization techniques for comparing and contrasting the two. The results show significant differences between the human-based and machine-based network maps. Unlike the machine-based maps, the human-based assignment maps elegantly reflect the rationales and principles of the assignments; i.e., clusters of standards separate along lines of content and pedagogical principles. In addition, humans seem significantly more apt at assigning so-called ‘methodological’ standards.
{"title":"Network Visualization of Human and Machine-Based Educational Standard Assignment","authors":"R. Reitsma, A. Diekema","doi":"10.1109/IV.2010.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2010.14","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid growth in the availability of digital libraries of K-12 curriculum, coupled with an increased emphasis on standard-based teaching has led to the development of automated standard assignment tools. To assess the performance of one of those tools and to gain insight into the differences between how human catalogers and automated tools conduct these standard assignments, we explore the use of network modeling and visualization techniques for comparing and contrasting the two. The results show significant differences between the human-based and machine-based network maps. Unlike the machine-based maps, the human-based assignment maps elegantly reflect the rationales and principles of the assignments; i.e., clusters of standards separate along lines of content and pedagogical principles. In addition, humans seem significantly more apt at assigning so-called ‘methodological’ standards.","PeriodicalId":328464,"journal":{"name":"2010 14th International Conference Information Visualisation","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127038955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Networks are widely used in modeling relational data often comprised of thousands of nodes and edges. This kind of data alone implies a challenge for its visualization as it is hard to avoid clutter of network elements if using traditional node-link diagrams. Moreover, real-life network data sets usually represent objects with a large number of additional attributes that need to be visualized, such as in software engineering, social network analysis, or biochemistry. In this paper, we present a novel approach, called Network Lens, to visualize such attributes in context of the underlying network. Our implementation of the Network Lens is an interactive tool that extends the idea of so-called magic lenses in such a way that users can interactively build and combine various lenses by specifying different attributes and selecting suitable visual representations.
{"title":"The Network Lens: Interactive Exploration of Multivariate Networks Using Visual Filtering","authors":"Ilir Jusufi, Yang Dingjie, A. Kerren","doi":"10.1109/IV.2010.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2010.15","url":null,"abstract":"Networks are widely used in modeling relational data often comprised of thousands of nodes and edges. This kind of data alone implies a challenge for its visualization as it is hard to avoid clutter of network elements if using traditional node-link diagrams. Moreover, real-life network data sets usually represent objects with a large number of additional attributes that need to be visualized, such as in software engineering, social network analysis, or biochemistry. In this paper, we present a novel approach, called Network Lens, to visualize such attributes in context of the underlying network. Our implementation of the Network Lens is an interactive tool that extends the idea of so-called magic lenses in such a way that users can interactively build and combine various lenses by specifying different attributes and selecting suitable visual representations.","PeriodicalId":328464,"journal":{"name":"2010 14th International Conference Information Visualisation","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127990719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes an approach exploiting the full capabilities of GPU's to enhance the usability of edge bundling in real applications. Edge bundling, as well as other edge clustering approaches relying on the use of high quality edge rerouting. Typical approach for drawing edge-bundled graph is to render edges as curves. But curves generation can have a relatively high computational costs and do not easily comply with real-time interaction. Furthermore, while edge bundling provides a much better overall readability of a graph, the bundles make it more difficult to recover local information. Our goal was thus to provide fluid interaction allowing the recovery of local information through specific interaction techniques. The system we built offers folklore or classical interaction such as zoom & pan, fish-eye and magnifying lens. We also implemented the Bring & Go technique by Tominski et al. We proposed an approach exploiting the full computing power of GPU's when rendering graph edges as parametric splines. The gain in efficiency when running all curves computations on the GPU turns bundling techniques into techniques that can be embedded in interactive systems concerned with graphs of several thousands of nodes and edges.
{"title":"Living Flows: Enhanced Exploration of Edge-Bundled Graphs Based on GPU-Intensive Edge Rendering","authors":"A. Lambert, D. Auber, G. Melançon","doi":"10.1109/IV.2010.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IV.2010.78","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an approach exploiting the full capabilities of GPU's to enhance the usability of edge bundling in real applications. Edge bundling, as well as other edge clustering approaches relying on the use of high quality edge rerouting. Typical approach for drawing edge-bundled graph is to render edges as curves. But curves generation can have a relatively high computational costs and do not easily comply with real-time interaction. Furthermore, while edge bundling provides a much better overall readability of a graph, the bundles make it more difficult to recover local information. Our goal was thus to provide fluid interaction allowing the recovery of local information through specific interaction techniques. The system we built offers folklore or classical interaction such as zoom & pan, fish-eye and magnifying lens. We also implemented the Bring & Go technique by Tominski et al. We proposed an approach exploiting the full computing power of GPU's when rendering graph edges as parametric splines. The gain in efficiency when running all curves computations on the GPU turns bundling techniques into techniques that can be embedded in interactive systems concerned with graphs of several thousands of nodes and edges.","PeriodicalId":328464,"journal":{"name":"2010 14th International Conference Information Visualisation","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129022762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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