Aging Medicine最新文献

The future of medicine will be closely linked to technological progress, to the great benefit of aging adults. Increasing knowledge in fields encompassing biology, physiology and functioning of the aging process, combined with the early detection of non-clinically apparent but significant changes will make it possible to promote healthy aging.

This commentary highlighted the current knowledge about novel DLL3-targeting agents for refractory small cell lung cancer.

At present, medications of the GLP-1RA class, such as liraglutide 3.0 mg,²⁷ semaglutide 2.4 mg,²⁸ and tirzepatide (GLP-1/GIP [glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide] agonist)²⁹ have been approved for weight management for adult patients with obesity or overweight with obesity-related complications. The previous study of semaglutide 2.4 mg in obese patients with heart failure, the STEP-HFpEF study,²² confirmed its significant improvement in clinical functional endpoints such as KCCQ-CSS score (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire clinical summary score) and 6MWD (6-Minute Walk Distance) for patients with heart failure and preserved/mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFpEF/HFmrEF), demonstrating the cardiovascular benefit of semaglutide 2.4 mg in patients with obesity. SELECT further confirmed that semaglutide 2.4 mg significantly reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events. As the first weight management drug with cardiovascular benefit confirmed by rigorous RCT globally, semaglutide 2.4 mg is of landmark significance and provides strong clinical evidence for the treatment of patients with CVD and overweight or obesity.

GLP-1RAs with proven cardiovascular benefits have been recommended by the guidelines as a first-line treatment for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with T2DM and CVD or at high cardiovascular risk.³⁰ The SELECT further provided evidence for the use of high-dose GLP-1RA in a broader population of patients with overweight or obesity and CVD without T2DM.

CVD remains the principal cause of mortality both in China and globally. Overweight and obesity are not only significant risk factors for CVD but also as an independent chronic disease. With societal economic progress and lifestyle alterations, overweight and obesity have increasingly emerged as major societal concerns. Effective weight management necessitates a multidisciplinary, multilevel, and long-term comprehensive strategy that incorporates political, economic, environmental, social, and personal factors. Presently, the availability of new management options for obesity and CVD is expanding, and it is expected that these evidence-based treatments will overcome current clinical challenges, thereby better fulfilling the demands of clinical care.

QP made substantial contributions to the design of the study and drafted the manuscript. SF and TX calibrated the format and language of the article, while LG critically reviewed the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version to be published.

The study was supported by National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (BJ-2022-195).

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Reducing health disparities, generically referring to any measurable aspect of health that varies across individuals or social groups, has been positioned as a cornerstone of health care improvement and a priority for safety. Disparities in mortality, a fundamental manifestation of health inequality, pose complex challenges to the USA and China,^1-3 two of the largest health systems worldwide. In the USA, mortality disparities substantially exist across races, locations, and causes of death. Similarly, in China, these disparities are critical and vary remarkably across different sociodemographic contexts. The observed health disparities could be attributed to multiple determinants,⁴ such as health care access, socioeconomic status, and environmental exposure. Identifying disparities through a sophisticated surveillance system for incident diseases and mortality and deciphering potential causes are indispensable prerequisites for promoting health equity.

In a recent issue of the Lancet, the GBD US Health Disparities Collaborators conducted a county-level time-series analysis of racial-ethnic disparities in mortality in the USA.⁵ Utilizing the unique data acquired from the US National Vital Statistics death certificates and the US National Center for Health Statistics, the authors estimated age-standardized mortality from 2000 to 2019 by racial-ethnic group and county, describing the intersections between racial-ethnic and location-based disparities in mortality. The findings offer insights for future actions. First, they elucidated the temporal dynamic transitions of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in about two decades, providing a holistic insight into the evolving landscape of the mortality spectrum. This facilitates policymakers in navigating transitions in the primary goals of economic and health care policies with greater precision. Second, the non-Latino and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native (AIAN) and Black populations manifested higher mortality than the White populations across most causes of morbidity, which was attributable to the role of systemic racism on health and an increased risk of premature death. This racial disparity is evident in the socioeconomic status of minoritized individuals and populations. It is also reflected through various pathways, such as residential segregation, high rate of incarceration, chronic stress, and discrimination in health care, among other factors. In contrast, the Asian and Latino populations had lower mortality rates across most causes than the other racial-ethnic groups. It is well known that the USA stands as a prominent destination for immigrants, solidifying its position as one of the world's largest immigrant nations. With a staggering population of over 45 million foreign-born individuals, immigrants constitute a significant 13.6% of the country's total population. Undeniably, the Asian i

As a high-risk group of patients with cancer, the elderly exhibit limited efficacy with traditional treatments. Immunotherapy emerges as a promising adjunctive therapeutic approach that holds potential in addressing the needs of geriatric patients with cancer. Neoantigens, a unique class of tumor-specific antigens generated by non-synonymous mutations, are garnering increasing attention as targets for immunotherapy in clinical applications. Newly developed technologies, such as second-generation gene sequencing and mass spectrometry, have provided powerful technical support for the identification and prediction of neoantigens. At present, neoantigen-based immunotherapy has been extensively applied in clinical trials and has demonstrated both safety and efficacy, marking the beginning of a new era for cancer immunotherapy. This article reviews the conception, classification, inducers, and screening process of tumor neoantigens, as well as the application prospects and combination therapy strategies of neoantigen-based cancer immunotherapy.