The precise identification of Alzheimer's disease and other prevalent neurodegenerative diseases remains a difficult issue that requires the development of early detection of the disease and inexpensive biomarkers that can replace the present cerebrospinal fluid and imaging biomarkers. Blood biomarkers, such as amyloid and neurofilament light, have been emphasized as an important and practical tool in a testing or examination procedure thanks to advancements in ultra-sensitive detection techniques. Although saliva is not currently being researched for neurodegenerative diseases, it is an important source of biomarkers that can be used for the identification of diseases and has some advantages over other biofluids. While this may be true for most people, getting saliva from elderly people presents some significant challenges. In this overview, we will first discuss how saliva is created and how aging-related illnesses may affect the amount and kind of saliva produced. The findings support the use of salivary amyloid protein, tau species, and novel biomarkers in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
{"title":"Salivary biomarkers: The early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease","authors":"Sophia Nazir","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12282","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agm2.12282","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The precise identification of Alzheimer's disease and other prevalent neurodegenerative diseases remains a difficult issue that requires the development of early detection of the disease and inexpensive biomarkers that can replace the present cerebrospinal fluid and imaging biomarkers. Blood biomarkers, such as amyloid and neurofilament light, have been emphasized as an important and practical tool in a testing or examination procedure thanks to advancements in ultra-sensitive detection techniques. Although saliva is not currently being researched for neurodegenerative diseases, it is an important source of biomarkers that can be used for the identification of diseases and has some advantages over other biofluids. While this may be true for most people, getting saliva from elderly people presents some significant challenges. In this overview, we will first discuss how saliva is created and how aging-related illnesses may affect the amount and kind of saliva produced. The findings support the use of salivary amyloid protein, tau species, and novel biomarkers in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agm2.12282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140448891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aging is an extremely intricate and progressive phenomenon that is implicated in many physiological and pathological conditions. Icariin (ICA) is the main active ingredient of Epimedium and has exhibited multiple bioactivities, such as anti-tumor, neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. ICA could extend healthspan in both invertebrate and vertebrate models. In this review, the roles of ICA in protection from declined reproductive function, neurodegeneration, osteoporosis, aging intestinal microecology, and senescence of cardiovascular system will be summarized. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of ICA-mediated anti-aging effects will be introduced. Finally, we will discuss some key aspects that constrain the usage of ICA in clinical practice and the corresponding strategies to solve these issues.
{"title":"Anti-aging effects of icariin and the underlying mechanisms: A mini-review","authors":"Ying Li, Zhi-Feng Wei, Long Su","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12284","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agm2.12284","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aging is an extremely intricate and progressive phenomenon that is implicated in many physiological and pathological conditions. Icariin (ICA) is the main active ingredient of Epimedium and has exhibited multiple bioactivities, such as anti-tumor, neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. ICA could extend healthspan in both invertebrate and vertebrate models. In this review, the roles of ICA in protection from declined reproductive function, neurodegeneration, osteoporosis, aging intestinal microecology, and senescence of cardiovascular system will be summarized. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of ICA-mediated anti-aging effects will be introduced. Finally, we will discuss some key aspects that constrain the usage of ICA in clinical practice and the corresponding strategies to solve these issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agm2.12284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139963590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fernando Zanghelini, G. Xydopoulos, Richard Fordham, Geraldine Rodgers, Saval Khanal
To develop an early economics evaluation (EEE) to assess the cost‐effectiveness of the GS in reducing the RoF and FoF.A cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) with a return on investment (RoI) estimation was performed. CEA used the most relevant parameters, such as increased gait speed and decreased FoF, to estimate the reduction in the RoF, the impact on health care resources used and financial implications for the National Health System in the United Kingdom. Outcomes were measured as incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio per quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) gained based on the reduction of the RoF and FoF. Uncertainties around the main parameters used were evaluated by probabilistic sensitivity analysis.The CEA results showed that the GS is a dominant strategy over the standard of care to improve the movements of older persons who have suffered a fall or are afraid of falling (incremental QALYs based on FoF = 0.77 and QALYs based on RoF = 1.07, cost of FoF = ‐£4479.57 and cost of RoF = ‐£2901.79). By implementing the GS, the ROI results suggest that every pound invested in the GS could result in cost savings of £1.85/patient based on the RoF reduction and £11.16/patient based on the FoF reduction. The probability of being cost saving based on the number of iterations were 79.4 percent (based on FoF) and 100 percent (based on RoF).The EEE supports the main hypothesis that the GS is an effective intervention to avoid falls and is potentially cost saving.
{"title":"Early economic evaluation of the digital gait analysis system for fall prevention–Preliminary analysis of the GaitSmart system","authors":"Fernando Zanghelini, G. Xydopoulos, Richard Fordham, Geraldine Rodgers, Saval Khanal","doi":"10.1002/agm2.12290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agm2.12290","url":null,"abstract":"To develop an early economics evaluation (EEE) to assess the cost‐effectiveness of the GS in reducing the RoF and FoF.A cost‐effectiveness analysis (CEA) with a return on investment (RoI) estimation was performed. CEA used the most relevant parameters, such as increased gait speed and decreased FoF, to estimate the reduction in the RoF, the impact on health care resources used and financial implications for the National Health System in the United Kingdom. Outcomes were measured as incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio per quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) gained based on the reduction of the RoF and FoF. Uncertainties around the main parameters used were evaluated by probabilistic sensitivity analysis.The CEA results showed that the GS is a dominant strategy over the standard of care to improve the movements of older persons who have suffered a fall or are afraid of falling (incremental QALYs based on FoF = 0.77 and QALYs based on RoF = 1.07, cost of FoF = ‐£4479.57 and cost of RoF = ‐£2901.79). By implementing the GS, the ROI results suggest that every pound invested in the GS could result in cost savings of £1.85/patient based on the RoF reduction and £11.16/patient based on the FoF reduction. The probability of being cost saving based on the number of iterations were 79.4 percent (based on FoF) and 100 percent (based on RoF).The EEE supports the main hypothesis that the GS is an effective intervention to avoid falls and is potentially cost saving.","PeriodicalId":32862,"journal":{"name":"Aging Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139797988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}