Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-46
Townsend D
Blood supply to tissues is controlled through vasoconstriction and vasodilation activated by components of the vascular wall and smooth muscle cells. Local oxygen saturation and wall shear stress play an important role in this process and wall shear stress has a role in capillary and venular flow as well as flow in arterioles and arteries. Local capillary networks can dilate to increase flow but there is little clear evidence of how local capillary networks act to increase arteriolar blood flow when needed. Pulsatile flow plays an important part in signalling wall shear stress within the vascular system and it has recently been shown that pulse pressure changes can be efficiently transmitted along soft walled fluid filled tubes such as blood vessels. This confirms that pulse pressure within the system can maintain downstream flow; it also raises the question of whether pulse pressure changes can signal upstream from local capillary beds to the supplying arteriole.
{"title":"A model for upstream signalling in the control of capillary blood flow","authors":"Townsend D","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-46","url":null,"abstract":"Blood supply to tissues is controlled through vasoconstriction and vasodilation activated by components of the vascular wall and smooth muscle cells. Local oxygen saturation and wall shear stress play an important role in this process and wall shear stress has a role in capillary and venular flow as well as flow in arterioles and arteries. Local capillary networks can dilate to increase flow but there is little clear evidence of how local capillary networks act to increase arteriolar blood flow when needed. Pulsatile flow plays an important part in signalling wall shear stress within the vascular system and it has recently been shown that pulse pressure changes can be efficiently transmitted along soft walled fluid filled tubes such as blood vessels. This confirms that pulse pressure within the system can maintain downstream flow; it also raises the question of whether pulse pressure changes can signal upstream from local capillary beds to the supplying arteriole.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135812444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-31
Aghade S, Argade S, Chandekar B, Bavikar J
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, is one of the predominant health emergencies of this century. Cardiovascular diseases are associated with raised morbidity and mortality in diabetes, contributing to substantial share of community health expenditure. This study was taken up to determine level of cardiac biomarkers cystatin C (CysC) and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) & their association with glycemic control & lipid profile parameters to assess cardiovascular risk profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: This study included 100 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 100 apparently healthy controls. Diabetic patients were categorised as good glycemic control (50) - HbA1c ≤ 7.5% and poor glycemic control (50) - HbA1c > 7.5% groups. Biochemical parameters CysC, Lp(a), HbA1c and lipid profile were analysed in all participants. Results: Lp(a) and CysC were significantly increased in diabetic patients than in controls. CysC, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), TC/HDL, LDL/ high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio were significantly increased and HDL was decreased in poor glycemic control group than good glycemic control. CysC correlated positively with HbA1c, Lp(a), TC and LDL while negatively with HDL which was statistically significant. Correlation observed between Lp(a) and HbA1c was not significant. Conclusion: Our study denotes increased cardiovascular disease risk in diabetic patients particularly in those with poor glycemic control. Evaluation of CysC and Lp(a) together, would ameliorate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction and facilitate appropriate interventions. This study aids in stratification of high-risk diabetic persons for cardiovascular diseases at early asymptomatic phases which will prevent or delay disease advancement and improve clinical outcomes in diabetic patients.
{"title":"Assessment of cardiac biochemical markers cystatin C and lipoprotein(a) and their relationship with glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients","authors":"Aghade S, Argade S, Chandekar B, Bavikar J","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-31","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus, is one of the predominant health emergencies of this century. Cardiovascular diseases are associated with raised morbidity and mortality in diabetes, contributing to substantial share of community health expenditure. This study was taken up to determine level of cardiac biomarkers cystatin C (CysC) and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) & their association with glycemic control & lipid profile parameters to assess cardiovascular risk profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: This study included 100 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 100 apparently healthy controls. Diabetic patients were categorised as good glycemic control (50) - HbA1c ≤ 7.5% and poor glycemic control (50) - HbA1c > 7.5% groups. Biochemical parameters CysC, Lp(a), HbA1c and lipid profile were analysed in all participants. Results: Lp(a) and CysC were significantly increased in diabetic patients than in controls. CysC, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), TC/HDL, LDL/ high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio were significantly increased and HDL was decreased in poor glycemic control group than good glycemic control. CysC correlated positively with HbA1c, Lp(a), TC and LDL while negatively with HDL which was statistically significant. Correlation observed between Lp(a) and HbA1c was not significant. Conclusion: Our study denotes increased cardiovascular disease risk in diabetic patients particularly in those with poor glycemic control. Evaluation of CysC and Lp(a) together, would ameliorate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction and facilitate appropriate interventions. This study aids in stratification of high-risk diabetic persons for cardiovascular diseases at early asymptomatic phases which will prevent or delay disease advancement and improve clinical outcomes in diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-33
Kanjilal S, Hui P, Roy SM, Das MK, Basu S, Sinha MK
Background: Renal diseases are common in childhood and they often present with diagnostic challenges. Renal biopsy is of major importance in diagnosing many renal diseases in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological aspect of renal diseases underwent biopsy in children in a tertiary care teaching institute in Eastern India. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on children (≤12 year) admitted with difficult to treat renal disorders in Pediatric ward and thorough evaluations confirmed the requirement of renal biopsy. Sixty one (61) children satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in our study. Period of study was from February 2021 to July 2022. Results: In this study, males were 31 and females were 30 in numbers. The mean age was 6.77± 3.42 years. The indications for renal biopsy were steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) (49.18%), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (29.51%), acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) (16.39%), and others. The major bulks of histopathological findings revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and minimal change disease (MCD) in 45.9%, 32.8% and 13.1% respectively. Hypertension was present in 58.1% and hematuria in 64.5% of cases (p value 0.001). Conclusion: SRNS (49.18%) was the most common indication of renal biopsy and FSGS (45.9%) was the most common histopathological finding in our study. This study provides data on biopsy proven childhood renal disorders from this region.
{"title":"Clinicopathological spectrum of renal biopsies in children – A single center experience from Eastern India","authors":"Kanjilal S, Hui P, Roy SM, Das MK, Basu S, Sinha MK","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-33","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Renal diseases are common in childhood and they often present with diagnostic challenges. Renal biopsy is of major importance in diagnosing many renal diseases in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological aspect of renal diseases underwent biopsy in children in a tertiary care teaching institute in Eastern India. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on children (≤12 year) admitted with difficult to treat renal disorders in Pediatric ward and thorough evaluations confirmed the requirement of renal biopsy. Sixty one (61) children satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in our study. Period of study was from February 2021 to July 2022. Results: In this study, males were 31 and females were 30 in numbers. The mean age was 6.77± 3.42 years. The indications for renal biopsy were steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) (49.18%), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (29.51%), acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) (16.39%), and others. The major bulks of histopathological findings revealed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and minimal change disease (MCD) in 45.9%, 32.8% and 13.1% respectively. Hypertension was present in 58.1% and hematuria in 64.5% of cases (p value 0.001). Conclusion: SRNS (49.18%) was the most common indication of renal biopsy and FSGS (45.9%) was the most common histopathological finding in our study. This study provides data on biopsy proven childhood renal disorders from this region.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135812064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-30
Fernando ML, Babu SV, Silambanan S
Background: Increased waist circumference in metabolic syndrome (MS), which reflects central obesity is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and coronary vascular disease. Generation of free radicals in central obesity depletes intracellular glutathione, thereby induces release of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) into circulation. Elevated GGT levels could be a marker of high oxidative stress which is known to be associated with central obesity and metabolic syndrome. Hence the aim of this study was to determine the association of GGT levels with components of metabolic syndrome in obese South Indian population. Materials and methods: In this case control study conducted at Master Health Check (MHC) Department, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, study population included 60 obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (cases) and 60 non obese subjects (controls) of South Indian population who were non-smokers and non-alcoholics, between the ages of 30-50 years. Components of metabolic syndrome such as waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profiles and GGT measured in both the groups. Data between cases and controls compared with unpaired student t-test. Pearson’s correlation was performed to find the association of GGT levels with other variables in Metabolic syndrome. Results: Serum GGT levels were significantly higher in metabolic syndrome patients (cases) than controls with p < 0.0001. High levels of serum GGT were also associated with increase in BP and atherogenic lipid levels and ratios. Conclusion: Elevated serum GGT levels were significantly associated with components of metabolic syndrome in obese South Indian population.
背景:代谢综合征(MS)患者腰围增加，反映中枢性肥胖，与2型糖尿病、血脂异常、高血压和冠状动脉疾病的风险增加有关。中心性肥胖产生的自由基消耗细胞内谷胱甘肽，从而诱导释放谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)进入循环。GGT水平升高可能是高氧化应激的标志，而高氧化应激与中枢性肥胖和代谢综合征有关。因此，本研究的目的是确定GGT水平与肥胖南印度人群代谢综合征组成部分的关系。材料和方法:在Sri Ramachandra医学院的Master Health Check (MHC)部门进行的病例对照研究中，研究人群包括60名患有代谢综合征的肥胖受试者(病例)和60名非肥胖受试者(对照)，年龄在30-50岁之间，来自南印度人口，他们不吸烟也不酗酒。代谢综合征的组成部分，如腰围、血压、空腹血糖、脂质谱和两组的GGT测量。病例和对照组之间的数据采用未配对学生t检验进行比较。采用Pearson相关法寻找代谢综合征中GGT水平与其他变量的关系。结果:代谢综合征患者(例)血清GGT水平明显高于对照组(p <);0.0001. 高水平的血清GGT也与血压升高和致动脉粥样硬化的脂质水平和比值相关。结论:血清GGT水平升高与南印度肥胖人群代谢综合征的成分显著相关。
{"title":"Serum gamma glutamyl transferase levels in metabolic syndrome in obese south Indian population","authors":"Fernando ML, Babu SV, Silambanan S","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-30","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increased waist circumference in metabolic syndrome (MS), which reflects central obesity is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and coronary vascular disease. Generation of free radicals in central obesity depletes intracellular glutathione, thereby induces release of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) into circulation. Elevated GGT levels could be a marker of high oxidative stress which is known to be associated with central obesity and metabolic syndrome. Hence the aim of this study was to determine the association of GGT levels with components of metabolic syndrome in obese South Indian population. Materials and methods: In this case control study conducted at Master Health Check (MHC) Department, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, study population included 60 obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (cases) and 60 non obese subjects (controls) of South Indian population who were non-smokers and non-alcoholics, between the ages of 30-50 years. Components of metabolic syndrome such as waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profiles and GGT measured in both the groups. Data between cases and controls compared with unpaired student t-test. Pearson’s correlation was performed to find the association of GGT levels with other variables in Metabolic syndrome. Results: Serum GGT levels were significantly higher in metabolic syndrome patients (cases) than controls with p < 0.0001. High levels of serum GGT were also associated with increase in BP and atherogenic lipid levels and ratios. Conclusion: Elevated serum GGT levels were significantly associated with components of metabolic syndrome in obese South Indian population.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135812067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-43
Carnemolla AR, Benton AH
Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are two major species of malaria that can establish a focus of infection in millions of individuals per year. Principally, this occurs in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world where malaria is endemic due to the ubiquity of the disease vector, the Anopheles mosquitos. Malaria takes the lives of thousands of infected individuals as the progression of disease symptoms having fatal consequences. This disease mainly affects children and pregnant women which poses a great public health concern. It is also a global economic burden from the millions of international dollars are aliquoted for research yearly. This review looks to discuss the pathogenesis of malaria, various host immune responses, the development of clinical immunity in reinfected individuals, and the effects that the presence of one species may have on the pathogenesis and disease outcome of another malarial species in co-infected individuals. Overall, this manuscript aims to provide an understanding of malarial infection and the differing host immune mechanisms of previously exposed individuals compared to those of naïve individuals in environments where malaria is of high prevalence. These highlights indicate a need for further research in order to better understand host-species and species-species interactions so that proper therapeutics and vaccinations may be developed as to not inhibit the beneficial effects species may have on one another in mixed species interactions as well as to aid in the development of clinical immunity.
{"title":"Understanding disease pathogenesis and host response of endemic malaria in previously exposed individuals compared to naïve individuals","authors":"Carnemolla AR, Benton AH","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-43","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are two major species of malaria that can establish a focus of infection in millions of individuals per year. Principally, this occurs in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world where malaria is endemic due to the ubiquity of the disease vector, the Anopheles mosquitos. Malaria takes the lives of thousands of infected individuals as the progression of disease symptoms having fatal consequences. This disease mainly affects children and pregnant women which poses a great public health concern. It is also a global economic burden from the millions of international dollars are aliquoted for research yearly. This review looks to discuss the pathogenesis of malaria, various host immune responses, the development of clinical immunity in reinfected individuals, and the effects that the presence of one species may have on the pathogenesis and disease outcome of another malarial species in co-infected individuals. Overall, this manuscript aims to provide an understanding of malarial infection and the differing host immune mechanisms of previously exposed individuals compared to those of naïve individuals in environments where malaria is of high prevalence. These highlights indicate a need for further research in order to better understand host-species and species-species interactions so that proper therapeutics and vaccinations may be developed as to not inhibit the beneficial effects species may have on one another in mixed species interactions as well as to aid in the development of clinical immunity.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135812201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-15
Thomas N, Pragathi Bs, Kanimozhi Ks, Seema Gb, Blesson Cs, Chaithra Kc
Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China has had far reaching repercussions on mankind. Its effects on pregnant women and neonates have been intricate. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of gestational COVID-19 on neonatal hearing with the objectives of determining the factors affecting hearing and to estimate the prevalence of hearing loss in neonates whose mothers had gestational COVID-19. Materials and methods: The hospital-based cross-sectional study included 60 neonates whose mothers had gestational COVID-19 infection and 60 neonates of healthy mothers as controls in a rural tertiary care hospital for a duration of 1 year from September 2020 to August 2021. The study and control groups were compared in terms of continuous and non continuous variables. Maternal age, birth week and birth weight were categorized as continuous variables. Trimester of RT-PCR positivity, parity, mode of delivery, gender and results of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) were categorized as non continuous variables. All neonates were screened with TEOAE within the first 5 days of birth. Results: The demographic and clinical characteristics of the study and control groups on comparison did not reveal any statistically significant differences. All neonates passed the screening test in the first attempt. Conclusion: Otologic manifestations in COVID-19 has been diverse and is a cause of concern. Neonatal hearing loss was not observed in the study. A better understanding of this entity calls for further research as early detection can help to mitigate the aftermath of the infection if any. Keywords: COVID-19; neonates; hearing loss; pregnancy; TEOAE; congenital infections; vertical transmission
{"title":"The impact of COVID-19 on neonatal hearing in a tertiary care hospital","authors":"Thomas N, Pragathi Bs, Kanimozhi Ks, Seema Gb, Blesson Cs, Chaithra Kc","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-15","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China has had far reaching repercussions on mankind. Its effects on pregnant women and neonates have been intricate. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of gestational COVID-19 on neonatal hearing with the objectives of determining the factors affecting hearing and to estimate the prevalence of hearing loss in neonates whose mothers had gestational COVID-19. Materials and methods: The hospital-based cross-sectional study included 60 neonates whose mothers had gestational COVID-19 infection and 60 neonates of healthy mothers as controls in a rural tertiary care hospital for a duration of 1 year from September 2020 to August 2021. The study and control groups were compared in terms of continuous and non continuous variables. Maternal age, birth week and birth weight were categorized as continuous variables. Trimester of RT-PCR positivity, parity, mode of delivery, gender and results of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) were categorized as non continuous variables. All neonates were screened with TEOAE within the first 5 days of birth. Results: The demographic and clinical characteristics of the study and control groups on comparison did not reveal any statistically significant differences. All neonates passed the screening test in the first attempt. Conclusion: Otologic manifestations in COVID-19 has been diverse and is a cause of concern. Neonatal hearing loss was not observed in the study. A better understanding of this entity calls for further research as early detection can help to mitigate the aftermath of the infection if any. Keywords: COVID-19; neonates; hearing loss; pregnancy; TEOAE; congenital infections; vertical transmission","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47888212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-20
Anjanappa S, Ansari Tf, Unki P, Krishnegowda M
Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common problems that can occur in a healthy new-born. This physiological rise in indirect component of bilirubin resolves gradually without any intervention in majority of cases. But few babies require intervention in the form of phototherapy and exchange transfusion when the bilirubin levels exceed the normal physiological range for gestational age. The study was aimed to evaluate the predictive value of cord blood bilirubin level for identifying newborn for development of significant hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: It was a prospective observational study carried out in Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G. Nagara, Karnataka. The cord blood bilirubin at birth and 48 hrs serum bilirubin levels were measured. Also, blood group, Rh status and DCT (direct coomb’s test) were tested to estimate the risk in development of hyperbilirubinemia. Results: A total of 210 were included in the study, out of which 52 babies required phototherapy, with a sensitivity of 94.23% and specificity of 3.97%, with the mean cord blood bilirubin level of 2.6mg/dl, having sensitivity of 63.46% and specificity of 90.50%. The multivariate analysis showed ABO and Rh incompatibility, cord blood bilirubin level and lower gestational age had an increased the risk of hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy. Conclusions: Cord blood bilirubin may be used as a potential tool to determine hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. And initiation of phototherapy early in at-risk neonates may decrease the hyperbilirubinemia related morbidity and mortality. Keywords: hyperbilirubinemia; cord blood bilirubin; phototherapy; newborn
{"title":"A prospective study on correlation of cord blood bilirubin with occurrence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia","authors":"Anjanappa S, Ansari Tf, Unki P, Krishnegowda M","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common problems that can occur in a healthy new-born. This physiological rise in indirect component of bilirubin resolves gradually without any intervention in majority of cases. But few babies require intervention in the form of phototherapy and exchange transfusion when the bilirubin levels exceed the normal physiological range for gestational age. The study was aimed to evaluate the predictive value of cord blood bilirubin level for identifying newborn for development of significant hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: It was a prospective observational study carried out in Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G. Nagara, Karnataka. The cord blood bilirubin at birth and 48 hrs serum bilirubin levels were measured. Also, blood group, Rh status and DCT (direct coomb’s test) were tested to estimate the risk in development of hyperbilirubinemia. Results: A total of 210 were included in the study, out of which 52 babies required phototherapy, with a sensitivity of 94.23% and specificity of 3.97%, with the mean cord blood bilirubin level of 2.6mg/dl, having sensitivity of 63.46% and specificity of 90.50%. The multivariate analysis showed ABO and Rh incompatibility, cord blood bilirubin level and lower gestational age had an increased the risk of hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy. Conclusions: Cord blood bilirubin may be used as a potential tool to determine hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. And initiation of phototherapy early in at-risk neonates may decrease the hyperbilirubinemia related morbidity and mortality. Keywords: hyperbilirubinemia; cord blood bilirubin; phototherapy; newborn","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44480772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-17
B. R, S. S., D. I., D. A.
Background: Primary or essential thrombocytosis in children is very rare but reactive thrombocytosis occurs in children and respiratory tract infection is the commonest cause. The study aimed to determine the association of thrombocytosis with severity of lower respiratory tract infection; and the association of degree of thrombocytosis with severity of pneumonia. Materials and methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College & Hospital, Barpeta in Assam. This study was done on 120 children aged between 2 months and 5 years who were admitted with lower respiratory tract infection and classified according to WHO guidelines. Complete general physical examination and systemic examination with special orientation towards respiratory system was done. Complete blood count was performed with automated system sysmex xs800i cell counter. Thrombocytosis was noted and severity of thrombocytosis was classified. Results: Among 120 cases of lower respiratory tract infections, 48 children had thrombocytosis. 13 (48.1%) children with very severe disease, 29 (46.1%) children with severe pneumonia and 6(20%) children with pneumonia had thrombocytosis. Thus it was seen that there was significant association between platelet count and severity of pneumonia (p value=0.018). Two children had severe thrombocytosis (9.01-10.00L/mm3) and both of them had very severe disease. It indicates that degree of thrombocytosis increases as severity of pneumonia increases. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between thrombocytosis and severity of pneumonia. Also degree of thrombocytosis increases as severity of pneumonia increases. Keywords: thrombocytosis; lower respiratory tract infection; pneumonia; severe pneumonia
背景：儿童原发性或原发性血小板增多症非常罕见，但儿童会发生反应性血小板增多，呼吸道感染是最常见的原因。该研究旨在确定血小板增多症与下呼吸道感染严重程度的关系；以及血小板增多程度与肺炎严重程度的关系。材料和方法：这项观察性研究在阿萨姆邦Barpeta的Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed医学院和医院的儿科进行。这项研究对120名年龄在2个月至5岁之间的儿童进行，他们因下呼吸道感染入院，并根据世界卫生组织指南进行分类。对呼吸系统进行了全面的全身体检和全身检查。使用自动化系统sysmex xs800i细胞计数器进行全血计数。注意到血小板增多，并对血小板增多的严重程度进行了分类。结果：在120例下呼吸道感染病例中，48例患儿出现血小板增多症。13名（48.1%）患有非常严重疾病的儿童、29名（46.1%）患有严重肺炎的儿童和6名（20%）患有肺炎的儿童有血小板增多症。因此，血小板计数与肺炎的严重程度之间存在显著相关性（p值=0.018）。两名儿童患有严重的血小板增多症（9.01-10.00L/mm3），两人都患有非常严重的疾病。这表明血小板增多的程度随着肺炎严重程度的增加而增加。结论：血小板增多与肺炎的严重程度有显著关系。血小板增多的程度也随着肺炎的严重程度增加而增加。关键词：血小板增多症；下呼吸道感染；肺炎严重肺炎
{"title":"Thrombocytosis in relation to severity of lower respiratory tract infection in children aged 2 months to 5 years","authors":"B. R, S. S., D. I., D. A.","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Primary or essential thrombocytosis in children is very rare but reactive thrombocytosis occurs in children and respiratory tract infection is the commonest cause. The study aimed to determine the association of thrombocytosis with severity of lower respiratory tract infection; and the association of degree of thrombocytosis with severity of pneumonia. Materials and methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics of Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed Medical College & Hospital, Barpeta in Assam. This study was done on 120 children aged between 2 months and 5 years who were admitted with lower respiratory tract infection and classified according to WHO guidelines. Complete general physical examination and systemic examination with special orientation towards respiratory system was done. Complete blood count was performed with automated system sysmex xs800i cell counter. Thrombocytosis was noted and severity of thrombocytosis was classified. Results: Among 120 cases of lower respiratory tract infections, 48 children had thrombocytosis. 13 (48.1%) children with very severe disease, 29 (46.1%) children with severe pneumonia and 6(20%) children with pneumonia had thrombocytosis. Thus it was seen that there was significant association between platelet count and severity of pneumonia (p value=0.018). Two children had severe thrombocytosis (9.01-10.00L/mm3) and both of them had very severe disease. It indicates that degree of thrombocytosis increases as severity of pneumonia increases. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between thrombocytosis and severity of pneumonia. Also degree of thrombocytosis increases as severity of pneumonia increases. Keywords: thrombocytosis; lower respiratory tract infection; pneumonia; severe pneumonia","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41773492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-19
S. A., S. J., Sachan N, Kumari R, Dubeya Gp
Background: Depression is among the most common mental health problems among people with chronic complications like type 2 diabetes mellitus is brought on by flaws in insulin secretion and activity; however, genetic factors also play a role in both insulin resistance and beta-cell failure, but environmental factors also play a role in aggravating both problems. The presence of depression in patients with type 2 diabetes may interfere with treatment and efficacy. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression in this metabolic variant clinical condition, type 2 diabetes mellitus, in major tertiary care hospitals in the South-Eastern Uttar Pradesh cities of Allahabad and Varanasi. Subjects and methods: For this study, 206 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus from rural and urban areas were recruited. Demographic, clinical, and diabetes-related data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ9), a standardized questionnaire developed in the United States and validated in the Indian population. Results: The prevalence of depression in diabetics in the community was 43.2%. The most common type of depression was mild (29.3%, 26), and the least common was severe depression (3, 3.37%). Several factors were associated with depression in the female gender: living in a rural area, unemployment, and being single. The complications of diabetes and other chronic conditions, such as hypertension and obesity, are also associated with depression. Conclusion: Depression was found to be particularly high in the study population. Because depression can significantly impede patient adherence to treatment, there is an urgent need for early diagnosis and treatment. This requires integrating mental health care for diabetes patients. Keywords: prevalence; diabetes; depression; community; higher rate
{"title":"Association between depression and diabetes in the South-Eastern zone of the state of Uttar Pradesh-India: A cross-sectional study","authors":"S. A., S. J., Sachan N, Kumari R, Dubeya Gp","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Depression is among the most common mental health problems among people with chronic complications like type 2 diabetes mellitus is brought on by flaws in insulin secretion and activity; however, genetic factors also play a role in both insulin resistance and beta-cell failure, but environmental factors also play a role in aggravating both problems. The presence of depression in patients with type 2 diabetes may interfere with treatment and efficacy. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression in this metabolic variant clinical condition, type 2 diabetes mellitus, in major tertiary care hospitals in the South-Eastern Uttar Pradesh cities of Allahabad and Varanasi. Subjects and methods: For this study, 206 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus from rural and urban areas were recruited. Demographic, clinical, and diabetes-related data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ9), a standardized questionnaire developed in the United States and validated in the Indian population. Results: The prevalence of depression in diabetics in the community was 43.2%. The most common type of depression was mild (29.3%, 26), and the least common was severe depression (3, 3.37%). Several factors were associated with depression in the female gender: living in a rural area, unemployment, and being single. The complications of diabetes and other chronic conditions, such as hypertension and obesity, are also associated with depression. Conclusion: Depression was found to be particularly high in the study population. Because depression can significantly impede patient adherence to treatment, there is an urgent need for early diagnosis and treatment. This requires integrating mental health care for diabetes patients. Keywords: prevalence; diabetes; depression; community; higher rate","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47493783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-28
Miguel A, Domínguez Nh, Moreno Lg
Brucellosis is an infection that affects mammals’ cells caused by a species from the genus Brucella, a gram-negative, immobile, facultative, intracellular, and microaerophilic coccobacillus. In humans, the pathogen species are Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis and B. canis. We are presenting the case of a 62-year-old man with confirmed brucellosis and his consequent cardiovascular, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, hepatic, osteomuscular, renal and hematological complications. It is necessary to be highly suspicious of this infection, since its non-specific nature can be challenging for the physician. Keywords: Brucella melitensis; mammals cells; brucellosis; Mexico
{"title":"Brucellosis with multisystemic manifestations: Case report and literature review","authors":"Miguel A, Domínguez Nh, Moreno Lg","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-28","url":null,"abstract":"Brucellosis is an infection that affects mammals’ cells caused by a species from the genus Brucella, a gram-negative, immobile, facultative, intracellular, and microaerophilic coccobacillus. In humans, the pathogen species are Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis and B. canis. We are presenting the case of a 62-year-old man with confirmed brucellosis and his consequent cardiovascular, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, hepatic, osteomuscular, renal and hematological complications. It is necessary to be highly suspicious of this infection, since its non-specific nature can be challenging for the physician. Keywords: Brucella melitensis; mammals cells; brucellosis; Mexico","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46069160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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