Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-18
Shruthi H, Roopa An, Amrutha Mr, Madhusudan Bs
Background: Mast cells are found at all levels of dermis, grouped around blood vessels, nerves and appendages. An increase in the mast cell number has been reported in various cutaneous diseases. Mast cells respond to diverse range of stimuli like neuronal impulses, allergens, antigens, hormones, cytokines from T cells and keratinocytes and thus play a role in manifestation of dermatological disorders. The objective was to study mast cell density in various subsets of Hansen’s disease and analyse whether the distribution and density vary amongst the subsets. Methods: A total of 60 skin biopsies diagnosed as leprosy were included in this study. 10 control slides were also studied for mast cell density and distribution. Histopathological diagnosis was made on the biopsy and mast cell density and distribution was assessed on toluidine blue stained sections and compared with those of controls. Results: All the subsets of Hansen’s disease studied showed an increase in the number of mast cells. The highest mean mast cell count was noted in lepromatous leprosy (66/mm2), followed by erythema nodosum leprosum (42.6/mm2) and borderline lepromatous leprosy (40.8/mm2). The mean mast cell count showed progressive increase over the immunological spectrum of tuberculoid leprosy to lepromatous leprosy. The mast cells showed spindle and ovoid morphology in all the lesions (active) while round morphology was seen in controls. Conclusion: Tissue mast cell number, distribution and morphology vary depending on the degree of activation in different leprosy lesions. This may have a bearing on the diagnosis and management. Keywords: mast cells; lepromatous leprosy; tuberculoid leprosy; borderline tuberculoid; indeterminate leprosy
{"title":"Study of mast cell density, distribution and morphology in skin lesions of leprosy","authors":"Shruthi H, Roopa An, Amrutha Mr, Madhusudan Bs","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mast cells are found at all levels of dermis, grouped around blood vessels, nerves and appendages. An increase in the mast cell number has been reported in various cutaneous diseases. Mast cells respond to diverse range of stimuli like neuronal impulses, allergens, antigens, hormones, cytokines from T cells and keratinocytes and thus play a role in manifestation of dermatological disorders. The objective was to study mast cell density in various subsets of Hansen’s disease and analyse whether the distribution and density vary amongst the subsets. Methods: A total of 60 skin biopsies diagnosed as leprosy were included in this study. 10 control slides were also studied for mast cell density and distribution. Histopathological diagnosis was made on the biopsy and mast cell density and distribution was assessed on toluidine blue stained sections and compared with those of controls. Results: All the subsets of Hansen’s disease studied showed an increase in the number of mast cells. The highest mean mast cell count was noted in lepromatous leprosy (66/mm2), followed by erythema nodosum leprosum (42.6/mm2) and borderline lepromatous leprosy (40.8/mm2). The mean mast cell count showed progressive increase over the immunological spectrum of tuberculoid leprosy to lepromatous leprosy. The mast cells showed spindle and ovoid morphology in all the lesions (active) while round morphology was seen in controls. Conclusion: Tissue mast cell number, distribution and morphology vary depending on the degree of activation in different leprosy lesions. This may have a bearing on the diagnosis and management. Keywords: mast cells; lepromatous leprosy; tuberculoid leprosy; borderline tuberculoid; indeterminate leprosy","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49240259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-14
Bansal Kl, Bansal S, S. S
Background: Pleural effusion is a clinical condition that is a manifestation of various aetiologies and pathologies. The aetiologies vary in different geographical areas and different age groups. The goal of this study was to evaluate the aetiological spectrum of patients with pleural effusion presenting in the Department of TB & Respiratory Medicine. Materials and methods: 120 patients were involved in current study in which the detection of pleural effusion has been done based on the history, physical examination, and radiography. Pleural fluid was aspirated under USG guidance and then analyzed for various parameters. Results: The study showed male preponderance (70%). The commonest age group involved was between 31 to 40 years (25.83%). Most cases showed exudative effusion (96%). Tuberculosis was the most common aetiology (80%). Conclusion: Different geographical areas may have a different aetiological spectrum of pleural effusion. Tuberculosis is the most prevalent pleural effusion cause in our area involving middle age group with a male preponderance. Keywords: transudate; tuberculosis; exudate; pleural effusion; adenosine deaminase
{"title":"Aetiological spectrum of patients of pleural effusion – An observational study","authors":"Bansal Kl, Bansal S, S. S","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-14","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pleural effusion is a clinical condition that is a manifestation of various aetiologies and pathologies. The aetiologies vary in different geographical areas and different age groups. The goal of this study was to evaluate the aetiological spectrum of patients with pleural effusion presenting in the Department of TB & Respiratory Medicine. Materials and methods: 120 patients were involved in current study in which the detection of pleural effusion has been done based on the history, physical examination, and radiography. Pleural fluid was aspirated under USG guidance and then analyzed for various parameters. Results: The study showed male preponderance (70%). The commonest age group involved was between 31 to 40 years (25.83%). Most cases showed exudative effusion (96%). Tuberculosis was the most common aetiology (80%). Conclusion: Different geographical areas may have a different aetiological spectrum of pleural effusion. Tuberculosis is the most prevalent pleural effusion cause in our area involving middle age group with a male preponderance. Keywords: transudate; tuberculosis; exudate; pleural effusion; adenosine deaminase","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43241475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pain is often a subjective sensation having physiological, psychological and emotional implications for an individual. In a hospital setting, children usually perceive unpredictable pain which is often procedure related that can impact both emotionally and psychologically. Perception of pain varies with multiple factors such as age, gender, intellectual level, personality, parental care and previous experience of painful procedure/ suppression of pain using pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic measures. Our study aimed to assess the effectiveness of animated cartoons as a distraction strategy to reduce behavioral response to pain perception among children undergoing venepuncture and to assess and compare pain perception in children with and without cartoon distraction. We had total of 60 children participated in the study group, we found that children who were distracted perceived less pain (p < 0.001), also the number of attempts required to do venepuncture also reduced significantly (p < 0.001). We concluded that, distraction technique is a simple yet effective tool in alleviating pain during venepuncture in preschool children. This technique can help in reduction of anxiety among children.
{"title":"Effectiveness of cartoon video as a distraction strategy on pain perception during venepuncture among children","authors":"Krishnegowda M, Unki P, Manuja Lm, Kerudi Mp","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-9","url":null,"abstract":"Pain is often a subjective sensation having physiological, psychological and emotional implications for an individual. In a hospital setting, children usually perceive unpredictable pain which is often procedure related that can impact both emotionally and psychologically. Perception of pain varies with multiple factors such as age, gender, intellectual level, personality, parental care and previous experience of painful procedure/ suppression of pain using pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic measures. Our study aimed to assess the effectiveness of animated cartoons as a distraction strategy to reduce behavioral response to pain perception among children undergoing venepuncture and to assess and compare pain perception in children with and without cartoon distraction. We had total of 60 children participated in the study group, we found that children who were distracted perceived less pain (p < 0.001), also the number of attempts required to do venepuncture also reduced significantly (p < 0.001). We concluded that, distraction technique is a simple yet effective tool in alleviating pain during venepuncture in preschool children. This technique can help in reduction of anxiety among children.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48114723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Sepsis is the one of the leading causes of hospital admissions and death in India and hyponatremia in sepsis is known to be an independent risk factor for mortality. Aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hyponatremia in sepsis and its association with SOFA (sequential organ failure assessment) score. Methodology: This is an observational cross-sectional study in a tertiary hospital of New Delhi India. A total of 95 patients with sepsis and more than 18 years of age were enrolled in the study over 18 months period. Blood samples were drawn for estimation of serum sodium and other investigations within 24 hours of admission of patients presenting with sepsis or diagnosis of sepsis if it develops during the hospital stay. Results: Prevalence of hyponatremia in sepsis patients were 69.47% (n=95). No significant association was seen in SOFA with severity of hyponatremia (p value >.05). Conclusion: No statistically significant correlation was observed between SOFA score and presence of hyponatremia or the severity of hyponatremia in the study subjects. Hyponatremia is a common in sepsis patient.
{"title":"Hyponatremia in sepsis and its association with SOFA score: An observational cross sectional study","authors":"K. S., P. K, B. R, Ambedkar Sn, Saini Rp","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sepsis is the one of the leading causes of hospital admissions and death in India and hyponatremia in sepsis is known to be an independent risk factor for mortality. Aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of hyponatremia in sepsis and its association with SOFA (sequential organ failure assessment) score. Methodology: This is an observational cross-sectional study in a tertiary hospital of New Delhi India. A total of 95 patients with sepsis and more than 18 years of age were enrolled in the study over 18 months period. Blood samples were drawn for estimation of serum sodium and other investigations within 24 hours of admission of patients presenting with sepsis or diagnosis of sepsis if it develops during the hospital stay. Results: Prevalence of hyponatremia in sepsis patients were 69.47% (n=95). No significant association was seen in SOFA with severity of hyponatremia (p value >.05). Conclusion: No statistically significant correlation was observed between SOFA score and presence of hyponatremia or the severity of hyponatremia in the study subjects. Hyponatremia is a common in sepsis patient.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42753256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: COVID-19 caused havoc on the mankind. Post COVID-19 effects were also very painful. Post COVID-19 symptoms affected almost every organ system of the body not only physically, but also had a very profound effect on psyche of different individuals. We studied prevalence of anxiety and depression in post COVID-19 phase. Materials and methods: All patients attending various outpatient Departments, who had positive RTPCR for COVID-19, more than 3 months before the present symptoms, were included in this study. The patients were divided in two groups depending upon severity of the COVID-19 infection in past. Group-I patients were treated for COVID-19 on domiciliary basis while those required admission to hospital for treatment for COVID-19 were included in Group-II. Scoring system decided if the patient was normal or had anxiety or depression. Results: Both anxiety and depression were common in post COVID-19 phase. Group-II patients were affected more 38.65% (167 out of 432) as compared to only 10.13% (62 out of 612) of Group-I patients. Depression was seen in 52 out of 237 (22.94%) in males as compared to female 20 out of 195 (10.25%) in Group-II. Anxiety was also more common in males in Group-II, 62 out of 237 (26.18%) than females 33 out of 195 (16.92%). Conclusion: Both anxiety and depression were very common post COVID-19 infection. Hospitalized patients suffered more than those who had milder disease and were treated at home for COVID-19. Males suffered more than the females.
{"title":"Epidemiological study of patients presenting with anxiety and depression, in their post COVID-19 phase","authors":"Bansal Kl, K. S., K. B, Goyal Ml, Gaur M","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 caused havoc on the mankind. Post COVID-19 effects were also very painful. Post COVID-19 symptoms affected almost every organ system of the body not only physically, but also had a very profound effect on psyche of different individuals. We studied prevalence of anxiety and depression in post COVID-19 phase. Materials and methods: All patients attending various outpatient Departments, who had positive RTPCR for COVID-19, more than 3 months before the present symptoms, were included in this study. The patients were divided in two groups depending upon severity of the COVID-19 infection in past. Group-I patients were treated for COVID-19 on domiciliary basis while those required admission to hospital for treatment for COVID-19 were included in Group-II. Scoring system decided if the patient was normal or had anxiety or depression. Results: Both anxiety and depression were common in post COVID-19 phase. Group-II patients were affected more 38.65% (167 out of 432) as compared to only 10.13% (62 out of 612) of Group-I patients. Depression was seen in 52 out of 237 (22.94%) in males as compared to female 20 out of 195 (10.25%) in Group-II. Anxiety was also more common in males in Group-II, 62 out of 237 (26.18%) than females 33 out of 195 (16.92%). Conclusion: Both anxiety and depression were very common post COVID-19 infection. Hospitalized patients suffered more than those who had milder disease and were treated at home for COVID-19. Males suffered more than the females.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41591232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Nutritional anemia (NA) is the commonest cause of anemia in children. Iron deficiency is the most important contributing factor to nutritional anemia. Severe iron deficiency is associated with impaired brain development along with cognitive, behavioural, and psychomotor manifestations, particularly during the first two years. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and etiological profile of anemia in children aged 6 months to 5 years. Material and methods: Hospital-based observational study conducted on children between 6 months to 5 years of age, admitted to Government General Hospital, Srikakulam and having anemia according to WHO classification. Results: Of the 157 children diagnosed with anemia over 18 months period, iron deficiency anemia is the commonest cause of anemia, seen in 107 children followed by sickle cell anemia seen in 21 children. Out of the sampled children, 154 children recovered, and 3 children succumbed to death. Conclusion: Nutritional anemia, particularly iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia in 6 months to 5 years-old children. Co-morbidities like malnutrition, parasitic infestations, diarrheal diseases, and recurrent respiratory tract infections form a vicious cycle and result in nutritional anemia. Identifying the factors that are leading to iron deficiency anemia and implementing the control measures like early iron supplementation results in reducing morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Study of etiological patterns and various clinical presentations of anemia in children aged 6 months to 5 years admitted in a tertiary care hospital","authors":"","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nutritional anemia (NA) is the commonest cause of anemia in children. Iron deficiency is the most important contributing factor to nutritional anemia. Severe iron deficiency is associated with impaired brain development along with cognitive, behavioural, and psychomotor manifestations, particularly during the first two years. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and etiological profile of anemia in children aged 6 months to 5 years. Material and methods: Hospital-based observational study conducted on children between 6 months to 5 years of age, admitted to Government General Hospital, Srikakulam and having anemia according to WHO classification. Results: Of the 157 children diagnosed with anemia over 18 months period, iron deficiency anemia is the commonest cause of anemia, seen in 107 children followed by sickle cell anemia seen in 21 children. Out of the sampled children, 154 children recovered, and 3 children succumbed to death. Conclusion: Nutritional anemia, particularly iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia in 6 months to 5 years-old children. Co-morbidities like malnutrition, parasitic infestations, diarrheal diseases, and recurrent respiratory tract infections form a vicious cycle and result in nutritional anemia. Identifying the factors that are leading to iron deficiency anemia and implementing the control measures like early iron supplementation results in reducing morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41455034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is an important cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality affecting 5-10% of pregnancies. PIH is more frequently associated with elevated TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone). Thyroid dysfunction plays an important role in the development of gestational hypertension. However, this relationship remains unclear. The study was performed to evaluate the thyroid status in pregnant women with PIH and normal pregnant women. Methodology: This was a hospital based observational case control study done in Dr M K Shah Medical College, Ahmedabad. Total 100 pregnant women were included, out of them 50 PIH women were included in the case study group and 50 normotensive healthy pregnant women were included in the control group. After taking written consent, thyroid profile (TSH, free T3 and free T4) were measured in all 100 subjects. Results: Women with PIH had higher TSH levels and lower free T3 and free T4 as compared to normotensive pregnant women. There was a significant association between hypothyroidism and PIH cases. There was a significant positive correlation between TSH and systolic BP (r=0.42) and diastolic BP (r=0.52). Conclusion: PIH women are at greater risk of decreased thyroid function. Therefore, PIH women should be monitored for thyroid levels regularly.
引言：妊娠高血压（PIH）是孕产妇和胎儿发病率和死亡率的重要原因，影响5-10%的妊娠。PIH通常与TSH（促甲状腺激素）升高有关。甲状腺功能障碍在妊娠期高血压的发展中起着重要作用。然而，这种关系仍不清楚。本研究旨在评估妊高征孕妇和正常孕妇的甲状腺状况。方法：这是在艾哈迈达巴德的M K Shah医学院进行的一项基于医院的观察性病例对照研究。共有100名孕妇被纳入，其中50名妊高征妇女被纳入病例研究组，50名血压正常的健康孕妇被纳入对照组。在取得书面同意后，测量所有100名受试者的甲状腺状况（TSH、游离T3和游离T4）。结果：与血压正常的孕妇相比，患有妊高征的妇女TSH水平较高，游离T3和游离T4水平较低。甲状腺功能减退与妊高征病例之间存在显著相关性。TSH与收缩压（r=0.42）和舒张压（r=0.52）呈正相关。因此，应定期监测妊高征妇女的甲状腺水平。
{"title":"Thyroid status in pregnant women with pregnancy induced hypertension – A case control study","authors":"Anandpara G, P. M, P. R, Panchal M, Nair Sp","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-8","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is an important cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality affecting 5-10% of pregnancies. PIH is more frequently associated with elevated TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone). Thyroid dysfunction plays an important role in the development of gestational hypertension. However, this relationship remains unclear. The study was performed to evaluate the thyroid status in pregnant women with PIH and normal pregnant women. Methodology: This was a hospital based observational case control study done in Dr M K Shah Medical College, Ahmedabad. Total 100 pregnant women were included, out of them 50 PIH women were included in the case study group and 50 normotensive healthy pregnant women were included in the control group. After taking written consent, thyroid profile (TSH, free T3 and free T4) were measured in all 100 subjects. Results: Women with PIH had higher TSH levels and lower free T3 and free T4 as compared to normotensive pregnant women. There was a significant association between hypothyroidism and PIH cases. There was a significant positive correlation between TSH and systolic BP (r=0.42) and diastolic BP (r=0.52). Conclusion: PIH women are at greater risk of decreased thyroid function. Therefore, PIH women should be monitored for thyroid levels regularly.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44781015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Tibial plateau fractures are often complex fractures that are difficult to stabilize. Subchondral raft technique is used to prevent depression and reduction loss using Kirschner wires, lag screws or locking screws with or without plates. The study aimed to assess the functional outcome of lateral tibial plateau fractures fixed with raft plate and the associated complications. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study of 45 consecutive patients with depressed lateral tibial plateau fractures treated with raft plate were studied at a tertiary care centre for a period of one year. Patients were followed up for a minimum period of 6 months. The Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (LKSS) was used to assess the functional outcomes. Results: The mean age of the patients was 43.8 ± 10.54 years (range 18-60 years). Male- Female ratio was 2.75:1 (M=33, F=12). Proportion of type II Schatzker fractures was 44.4%. 35 patients (77.8%) sustained injury due to road traffic accident and the rest due to fall. Bone grafting was done in 18 patients (40%). Knee stiffness and flexion less than 95⁰ were noted in 5 patients (11.1%). Superficial wound infection was noted in 2 patients (4.4%). Knee pain was observed in 7 patients (15.6%). Conclusion: Laterally placed raft plate with periarticular locking screws through it offers an excellent method of fixation of tibial plateau fractures, which preserves the anatomical joint line and the normal mechanical axis with minimal complications. Raft plating may obviate the need for dual plating in most of the tibial plateau fractures.
{"title":"Subchondral raft plate fixation for lateral tibial plateau fractures - A prospective study","authors":"","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-7","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tibial plateau fractures are often complex fractures that are difficult to stabilize. Subchondral raft technique is used to prevent depression and reduction loss using Kirschner wires, lag screws or locking screws with or without plates. The study aimed to assess the functional outcome of lateral tibial plateau fractures fixed with raft plate and the associated complications. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study of 45 consecutive patients with depressed lateral tibial plateau fractures treated with raft plate were studied at a tertiary care centre for a period of one year. Patients were followed up for a minimum period of 6 months. The Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (LKSS) was used to assess the functional outcomes. Results: The mean age of the patients was 43.8 ± 10.54 years (range 18-60 years). Male- Female ratio was 2.75:1 (M=33, F=12). Proportion of type II Schatzker fractures was 44.4%. 35 patients (77.8%) sustained injury due to road traffic accident and the rest due to fall. Bone grafting was done in 18 patients (40%). Knee stiffness and flexion less than 95⁰ were noted in 5 patients (11.1%). Superficial wound infection was noted in 2 patients (4.4%). Knee pain was observed in 7 patients (15.6%). Conclusion: Laterally placed raft plate with periarticular locking screws through it offers an excellent method of fixation of tibial plateau fractures, which preserves the anatomical joint line and the normal mechanical axis with minimal complications. Raft plating may obviate the need for dual plating in most of the tibial plateau fractures.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45908798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-10
The endocrine condition known as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is complicated and diverse. It impacts between 4 to 20 % of women of reproductive age and is linked to a significant risk of infertility, obesity, and insulin resistance. The aetiology of PCOS remains unclear and can be multifactorial, including genetic, neuroendocrine, and metabolic causes. Recent studies in humans have shown an association between changes in the gut and vaginal microbiome and the metabolic and clinical parameters of PCOS. The aim of this review was to understand the relationship between PCOS and the microbiome, including any potential underlying mechanisms, and to look at potential therapeutic strategies to improve the therapeutic approach for patients. As a result, a hypothesis is postulated that changes in the microbiota contribute to the development of PCOS and explored the therapeutic opportunities which include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation and IL-22.
{"title":"Polycystic ovarian syndrome and microbiome: Implications for women’s health","authors":"","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-10","url":null,"abstract":"The endocrine condition known as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is complicated and diverse. It impacts between 4 to 20 % of women of reproductive age and is linked to a significant risk of infertility, obesity, and insulin resistance. The aetiology of PCOS remains unclear and can be multifactorial, including genetic, neuroendocrine, and metabolic causes. Recent studies in humans have shown an association between changes in the gut and vaginal microbiome and the metabolic and clinical parameters of PCOS. The aim of this review was to understand the relationship between PCOS and the microbiome, including any potential underlying mechanisms, and to look at potential therapeutic strategies to improve the therapeutic approach for patients. As a result, a hypothesis is postulated that changes in the microbiota contribute to the development of PCOS and explored the therapeutic opportunities which include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation and IL-22.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44456810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is the key enzyme, regulates the blood pressure which is encoded by 21kb gene that consists of 26 exons and is located on chromosome 17, contains a polymorphism in the form of either Insertion (I) or Deletion (D). The aim was to study the effect of antihypertensive drugs in patients of essential hypertension associated with ACE gene polymorphism. Methods: Hypertensive patients were recruited followed by genetic test was done for detecting ACE gene polymorphism, then patients were divided as Group-A & B. Group –A and B patients were treated with atenolol (25mg) and azilsartan (40 mg) for three months respectively. Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was recorded in both the groups before and after commencement of treatment. Among 88 patients of newly diagnosed hypertension, majority of study population belongs to genotype D/D (38.63%) followed by I/D (31.81%) and II (29.54%) genotype. Significant difference was found in systolic blood pressure (p<0.05) of both groups but not diastolic blood pressure (p>0.05). Conclusion: The rate of control of blood pressure was high in I/I genotype followed by D/D genotype irrespective of treatment group. Overall better prognosis was observed with azilsartan 40mg compared to atenolol 25mg treatment in patients with ACE gene polymorphisms.
{"title":"Effectiveness of antihypertensive agents in stage I/II hypertensive patients with ace (I/D) gene polymorphism","authors":"Bansal G, Chaithanya Tm, Al-Aaly Ma, Manchi Rk","doi":"10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17727/jmsr.2023/11-5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is the key enzyme, regulates the blood pressure which is encoded by 21kb gene that consists of 26 exons and is located on chromosome 17, contains a polymorphism in the form of either Insertion (I) or Deletion (D). The aim was to study the effect of antihypertensive drugs in patients of essential hypertension associated with ACE gene polymorphism. Methods: Hypertensive patients were recruited followed by genetic test was done for detecting ACE gene polymorphism, then patients were divided as Group-A & B. Group –A and B patients were treated with atenolol (25mg) and azilsartan (40 mg) for three months respectively. Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was recorded in both the groups before and after commencement of treatment. Among 88 patients of newly diagnosed hypertension, majority of study population belongs to genotype D/D (38.63%) followed by I/D (31.81%) and II (29.54%) genotype. Significant difference was found in systolic blood pressure (p<0.05) of both groups but not diastolic blood pressure (p>0.05). Conclusion: The rate of control of blood pressure was high in I/I genotype followed by D/D genotype irrespective of treatment group. Overall better prognosis was observed with azilsartan 40mg compared to atenolol 25mg treatment in patients with ACE gene polymorphisms.","PeriodicalId":32890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41761753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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