In many organisations, the deployment of information technologies (IT) encounters various challenges such as processes redesign, infrastructure redundancy, and lack of alignment between business processes and IT artefacts. These challenges impede organisations productivity and competitiveness. As a means to mitigate against the challenges, approaches, such as e-governance and IT governance have been employed and practised in some organisations over the years. However, the e-governance and IT governance brings about more complication through their conflicting and duplicating functions in their deployment and use, which is often caused by inability to draw distinction between the two approaches. The implication of the challenges includes the fact that it hampers selection, implementation, use and management of information systems and technologies (IS/IT) artefacts within an organisation. The challenges are more common in developing countries such as Namibia, owing to the newness of the concept in the environment. Thus, this study employed a desk research approach to understand the implication of practice in the interchangeable use of the terms. A total of 52 articles were collected. The keywords egovernance and IT governance) were used as the main search criteria (. All articles were collected from accredited journals databases, such as Emerald, IEEE Explore Digital Library and Proquest. The collected articles were analysed, following the interpretive stance. From the findings, we highlight the commonality and distinction between the e-governance and IT governance. The article therefore proposes ways in which the two concepts can be employed separately or complementarily, to manage IS/IT activities and business processes without conflicts, within an environment.
在许多组织中，信息技术(IT)的部署遇到各种挑战，例如流程重新设计、基础设施冗余以及业务流程和IT工件之间缺乏一致性。这些挑战阻碍了组织的生产力和竞争力。多年来，一些组织采用了电子政务和信息技术治理等方法来缓解这些挑战。然而，由于电子政务和IT治理在部署和使用过程中功能的冲突和重复，导致了更多的复杂性，这往往是由于无法区分这两种方法造成的。挑战的含义包括这样一个事实，即它阻碍了组织内信息系统和技术(IS/ it)工件的选择、实施、使用和管理。这种挑战在纳米比亚等发展中国家更为普遍，因为这一概念在环境方面是新的。因此，本研究采用桌面研究方法来了解术语互换使用中实践的含义。共收集文献52篇。关键词电子治理和IT治理)被用作主要搜索条件(。所有文章均从Emerald、IEEE Explore Digital Library和Proquest等权威期刊数据库中收集。根据解释立场对收集到的文章进行了分析。根据研究结果，我们强调了电子治理和IT治理之间的共性和区别。因此，本文提出了可以单独或互补地使用这两个概念的方法，以便在一个环境中管理没有冲突的IS/IT活动和业务流程。
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of E-Governance and IT Governance","authors":"Monica Nehemia, I. Shaanika, T. Iyamu","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908186","url":null,"abstract":"In many organisations, the deployment of information technologies (IT) encounters various challenges such as processes redesign, infrastructure redundancy, and lack of alignment between business processes and IT artefacts. These challenges impede organisations productivity and competitiveness. As a means to mitigate against the challenges, approaches, such as e-governance and IT governance have been employed and practised in some organisations over the years. However, the e-governance and IT governance brings about more complication through their conflicting and duplicating functions in their deployment and use, which is often caused by inability to draw distinction between the two approaches. The implication of the challenges includes the fact that it hampers selection, implementation, use and management of information systems and technologies (IS/IT) artefacts within an organisation. The challenges are more common in developing countries such as Namibia, owing to the newness of the concept in the environment. Thus, this study employed a desk research approach to understand the implication of practice in the interchangeable use of the terms. A total of 52 articles were collected. The keywords egovernance and IT governance) were used as the main search criteria (. All articles were collected from accredited journals databases, such as Emerald, IEEE Explore Digital Library and Proquest. The collected articles were analysed, following the interpretive stance. From the findings, we highlight the commonality and distinction between the e-governance and IT governance. The article therefore proposes ways in which the two concepts can be employed separately or complementarily, to manage IS/IT activities and business processes without conflicts, within an environment.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121681185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The practice of Environmental Health is the pinnacle of the primary level of disease prevention. Furthermore, most communicable diseases can be attributed to adverse environmental exposures. This research was motivated by the increase in communicable disease incidents in South Africa, thus prompting the need to evaluate the practices and knowledge of the custodians of communicable disease surveillance (CDS). The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of Environmental Health Practitioners’(EHPs) in the City of Ekurhuleni (CoE) and evaluate the practices applied regarding (CDS). A quantitative descriptive study that with a total population of 95 EHPs, consisting of senior EHPs and Environmental Health Managers respectively was employed. The study revealed that there are irregularities and inconsistencies pertaining to how infectious diseases are investigated and knowledge gap regarding procedures for investigation. The main finding was the need for structured interventions in a form of standard operating procedures and standardized systems throughout the regions. The City of Ekurhuleni is a metropolitan and it constitutes diverse demographics. Therefore, smaller municipalities can benchmark for their surveillance systems. The results cannot be generalized throughout the country, however the they can be utilized as a baseline for evaluation of other surveillance systems in other provinces.
{"title":"Knowledge and practices of Environmental Health Practitioners in communicable disease surveillance: City of Ekurhuleni","authors":"K. Lebelo, R. V. Wyk","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908262","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of Environmental Health is the pinnacle of the primary level of disease prevention. Furthermore, most communicable diseases can be attributed to adverse environmental exposures. This research was motivated by the increase in communicable disease incidents in South Africa, thus prompting the need to evaluate the practices and knowledge of the custodians of communicable disease surveillance (CDS). The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of Environmental Health Practitioners’(EHPs) in the City of Ekurhuleni (CoE) and evaluate the practices applied regarding (CDS). A quantitative descriptive study that with a total population of 95 EHPs, consisting of senior EHPs and Environmental Health Managers respectively was employed. The study revealed that there are irregularities and inconsistencies pertaining to how infectious diseases are investigated and knowledge gap regarding procedures for investigation. The main finding was the need for structured interventions in a form of standard operating procedures and standardized systems throughout the regions. The City of Ekurhuleni is a metropolitan and it constitutes diverse demographics. Therefore, smaller municipalities can benchmark for their surveillance systems. The results cannot be generalized throughout the country, however the they can be utilized as a baseline for evaluation of other surveillance systems in other provinces.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124335219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. V. V Kallon, M. E. Matlakala, K.F. Nkoana, B.D. Mafu, S. Mkhwanazi
The The performance of the centrifugal pump drops because the suction of the pump does not allow a smooth flow of the fluid as the fluid enters the pump. The high pressure in the pump causes cavitation, and this is because the high pressure is not enough. This can result in the component of the pump breaking. The purpose of the project is to design a centrifugal pump and develop a model that can predict the amount of flow required at the suction to keep the centrifugal pump running efficiently. Suitable material was chosen based on application criteria. For most water and other noncorrosive services, grey cast iron material satisfies these criteria for the impeller and the casing of the pump. Design constraints and limitations were identified. Boundary conditions were selected. Design of the pump assembly was done on SolidWorks. Results obtained from SolidWorks were interpreted and simulated in ANSYS to determine high stress points and deformation. Different suction diameter sizes were used to simulate, the sizes were 55mm, 65mm and 75mm. Theoretical calculations were done and the results were compared with the results obtained from ANSYS. From all the results, it is found that an increase in suction diameter size can help limit cavitation and pump failure.
{"title":"Effect of Suction Diameter Variations on Performance Of Centrifugal Pump","authors":"D. V. V Kallon, M. E. Matlakala, K.F. Nkoana, B.D. Mafu, S. Mkhwanazi","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908175","url":null,"abstract":"The The performance of the centrifugal pump drops because the suction of the pump does not allow a smooth flow of the fluid as the fluid enters the pump. The high pressure in the pump causes cavitation, and this is because the high pressure is not enough. This can result in the component of the pump breaking. The purpose of the project is to design a centrifugal pump and develop a model that can predict the amount of flow required at the suction to keep the centrifugal pump running efficiently. Suitable material was chosen based on application criteria. For most water and other noncorrosive services, grey cast iron material satisfies these criteria for the impeller and the casing of the pump. Design constraints and limitations were identified. Boundary conditions were selected. Design of the pump assembly was done on SolidWorks. Results obtained from SolidWorks were interpreted and simulated in ANSYS to determine high stress points and deformation. Different suction diameter sizes were used to simulate, the sizes were 55mm, 65mm and 75mm. Theoretical calculations were done and the results were compared with the results obtained from ANSYS. From all the results, it is found that an increase in suction diameter size can help limit cavitation and pump failure.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125448128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Rathebe, Dineo S Modisane, Maite B. Rampedi, S. Biddesay-Manila, T. Mbonane
Electrification has improved millions of lives over the years. With the benefit of electricity comes the emission of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from power lines, substations, electrical home appliances and railways. There have been studies done to associate exposure to EMFs with the development of health effects such as cancer and transient biological effects. The aim of this paper is to provide discourse on the association between EMFs and cancer, not excluding other severe health effects such as cognitive impairment and preterm labor in pregnant women. In this paper, google scholar, science direct and PubMed were used to search for literature. Out of thirty articles, fifteen were selected and used to compile this paper. These articles revealed that studies in the past have found conflicting results from research conducted globally. Eight articles out of the fifteen found a link between exposure to EMFs and leukemia as well as impaired neurobehavioral function in children. Six articles found a statistically insignificant association, with one article being inconclusive. World Health Organization (WHO) found a link between childhood Leukemia and EMFs, bringing it into the attention for more research to be done to confirm this association. Based on the evidence, epidemiological studies need to be done and address the data scarcity relating to EMFs from power lines; especially in the South African context.
{"title":"A review on residential exposure to electromagnetic fields from overhead power lines: electrification as a health burden in rural communities","authors":"P. Rathebe, Dineo S Modisane, Maite B. Rampedi, S. Biddesay-Manila, T. Mbonane","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908233","url":null,"abstract":"Electrification has improved millions of lives over the years. With the benefit of electricity comes the emission of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) from power lines, substations, electrical home appliances and railways. There have been studies done to associate exposure to EMFs with the development of health effects such as cancer and transient biological effects. The aim of this paper is to provide discourse on the association between EMFs and cancer, not excluding other severe health effects such as cognitive impairment and preterm labor in pregnant women. In this paper, google scholar, science direct and PubMed were used to search for literature. Out of thirty articles, fifteen were selected and used to compile this paper. These articles revealed that studies in the past have found conflicting results from research conducted globally. Eight articles out of the fifteen found a link between exposure to EMFs and leukemia as well as impaired neurobehavioral function in children. Six articles found a statistically insignificant association, with one article being inconclusive. World Health Organization (WHO) found a link between childhood Leukemia and EMFs, bringing it into the attention for more research to be done to confirm this association. Based on the evidence, epidemiological studies need to be done and address the data scarcity relating to EMFs from power lines; especially in the South African context.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117142816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Spambo, M. Ngcukayitobi, H. Shamase, S. Gqibani, L. Tartibu
The current work describes the development, construction and experimental investigation of a simple StandingWave Thermo-Acoustic Engine (SWTAE). This work aims at providing additional clarity on the construction and the performance of simple SWTAEs. The proposed SWTAE will be used to drive a traveling wave thermo-acoustic refrigerator, through the generated sound wave and ultimately induce cooling. For experimental purposes, the heat supply used in this experimental study are electric cartridge heaters. This study provides clarity as far as the temperature supplied to the system is concerned. To characterize the acoustic power of the SWTAE, the onset temperature differences across the stack for the engine to start producing sound has been measured. Three different configurations have been investigated and general trends showing the relationship between the supply heat, the generated sound wave and the minimum temperature required to produce a sound wave have been obtained.
{"title":"Development and performance evaluation of a standing-wave thermo-acoustic engine","authors":"S. Spambo, M. Ngcukayitobi, H. Shamase, S. Gqibani, L. Tartibu","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908249","url":null,"abstract":"The current work describes the development, construction and experimental investigation of a simple StandingWave Thermo-Acoustic Engine (SWTAE). This work aims at providing additional clarity on the construction and the performance of simple SWTAEs. The proposed SWTAE will be used to drive a traveling wave thermo-acoustic refrigerator, through the generated sound wave and ultimately induce cooling. For experimental purposes, the heat supply used in this experimental study are electric cartridge heaters. This study provides clarity as far as the temperature supplied to the system is concerned. To characterize the acoustic power of the SWTAE, the onset temperature differences across the stack for the engine to start producing sound has been measured. Three different configurations have been investigated and general trends showing the relationship between the supply heat, the generated sound wave and the minimum temperature required to produce a sound wave have been obtained.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114794716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The trend in humanoid robots is increasing as we move into the 4th Industrial revolution. Researchers are in a quest to design the efficient humanoid robots. However, most of the robots that have been developed up to date still suffer from high power usage as the robots are fully electrical. Furthermore, these robots are designed to be autonomous and thus cannot or have limited interaction with humans. This paper proposes an electro-hydraulic Collaborative humanoid robot system. This type of system can help humans and robots work together in achieving a task. Furthermore, an electro-hydraulic approach helps reduce the operational and idle power consumption of the entire robot though the design of an efficient control system.
{"title":"Prospective Electro-hydraulic Control System for a Collaborative Humanoid Robot","authors":"Teboho Ntsinyi, E. Markus, L. Masheane","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908198","url":null,"abstract":"The trend in humanoid robots is increasing as we move into the 4th Industrial revolution. Researchers are in a quest to design the efficient humanoid robots. However, most of the robots that have been developed up to date still suffer from high power usage as the robots are fully electrical. Furthermore, these robots are designed to be autonomous and thus cannot or have limited interaction with humans. This paper proposes an electro-hydraulic Collaborative humanoid robot system. This type of system can help humans and robots work together in achieving a task. Furthermore, an electro-hydraulic approach helps reduce the operational and idle power consumption of the entire robot though the design of an efficient control system.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133655361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Themba L. Nkosi, M. Mphahlele, S. Ojo, Topside E. Mathonsi
Internet of Things (IoT) has played a tremendous change in the Information Technology (IT) environments, and thus its importance has also been realized within Intelligent Home Networks (IHNs). IHNs ensure comfort, safety, healthcare, automation, energy conservation, and remote management to devices and users. However, we have realized that more advanced devices and services continue to be introduced and used in IHNs. This has led to competitions of the limited available network resources, services, and bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a Novel Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (NoDBA) algorithm to deal with bandwidth management and allocation. The algorithm integrates two algorithms, namely; Offline Cooperative Algorithm (OCA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). PSO defines the priority limits for subnets and nodes in the network. Meanwhile, OCA facilitates dynamic bandwidth allocation in the network. Network Simulator-2 (NS-2) was used to simulate and evaluate NoDBA and showed improved results compared to the traditional bandwidth allocation algorithm.
{"title":"Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm to improve Quality of Service in Intelligent Home Networks","authors":"Themba L. Nkosi, M. Mphahlele, S. Ojo, Topside E. Mathonsi","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908189","url":null,"abstract":"Internet of Things (IoT) has played a tremendous change in the Information Technology (IT) environments, and thus its importance has also been realized within Intelligent Home Networks (IHNs). IHNs ensure comfort, safety, healthcare, automation, energy conservation, and remote management to devices and users. However, we have realized that more advanced devices and services continue to be introduced and used in IHNs. This has led to competitions of the limited available network resources, services, and bandwidth. In this paper, we propose a Novel Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (NoDBA) algorithm to deal with bandwidth management and allocation. The algorithm integrates two algorithms, namely; Offline Cooperative Algorithm (OCA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). PSO defines the priority limits for subnets and nodes in the network. Meanwhile, OCA facilitates dynamic bandwidth allocation in the network. Network Simulator-2 (NS-2) was used to simulate and evaluate NoDBA and showed improved results compared to the traditional bandwidth allocation algorithm.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"768 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133517059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traffic congestion in urban areas is a global challenge - leading to stifled economic growth, increased road accidents and atmospheric pollution, among other negative trends. Existing traffic management solutions have proven to be largely ineffective in medium-size African cities. Wireless sensor networks have emerged as possible cost-effective solutions, especially in under-developed countries. In this paper, we present a solution for detection and quantification of traffic congestion at signaled isolated four-way junctions in order to optimize traffic flow. The research utilizes optical sensors to collect road parameters and fuzzy logic to quantify and then prioritize entry. Simulations are used to compare strategies employed by traffic signals; the interest being to observe which of the two traffic light management schemes is more effective. The two schemes compared in this paper implement fairly weighted round-robin and fuzzy algorithms.
{"title":"Road Traffic Optimization for Mid-sized African Cities – Application of Fuzzy Algorithms and Computer Vision","authors":"Sechocha Liphoto, M. Masinde","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908210","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic congestion in urban areas is a global challenge - leading to stifled economic growth, increased road accidents and atmospheric pollution, among other negative trends. Existing traffic management solutions have proven to be largely ineffective in medium-size African cities. Wireless sensor networks have emerged as possible cost-effective solutions, especially in under-developed countries. In this paper, we present a solution for detection and quantification of traffic congestion at signaled isolated four-way junctions in order to optimize traffic flow. The research utilizes optical sensors to collect road parameters and fuzzy logic to quantify and then prioritize entry. Simulations are used to compare strategies employed by traffic signals; the interest being to observe which of the two traffic light management schemes is more effective. The two schemes compared in this paper implement fairly weighted round-robin and fuzzy algorithms.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121137714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shalin Bidassey-Manilal, T. Mbonane, P. Rathebe, M. F. Senekane
Household air pollution (HAP) exposure caused by burning of solid fuels during cooking and heating is associated with adverse health impacts. Such effects include respiratory allergic reactions and asthma. Most households in South Africa use mainly firewood and animal biomass for cooking. The use of traditional fuel for cooking and heating has been associated with allergic rhinitis especially in rural areas of South Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted were 167 households were randomly selected after different locations were stratified. A questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions adopted from International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) was used. The prevalence of household reported allergic rhinitis in the different locations were Bhubhane (64%), Mahlabatsini (53%), Masakeni (50%), Babrook (48%), KaJohn (34%) and KaDukies (23%). Allergic rhinitis was significantly associated with the use of coal, wood and kerosene. We did not find any association between allergic rhinitis and the use of charcoal and animal dung. The study showed a high prevalence of household-reported allergic rhinitis amongst children in rural areas. The findings indicate the role of particulate matter from burning traditional fuel indoors as a risk factor to allergic rhinitis.
{"title":"Household Fuel Use and Prevalence of Self-reported Allergic Rhinitis in Rural Areas of Mpumalanga, South Africa","authors":"Shalin Bidassey-Manilal, T. Mbonane, P. Rathebe, M. F. Senekane","doi":"10.1109/OI.2019.8908259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OI.2019.8908259","url":null,"abstract":"Household air pollution (HAP) exposure caused by burning of solid fuels during cooking and heating is associated with adverse health impacts. Such effects include respiratory allergic reactions and asthma. Most households in South Africa use mainly firewood and animal biomass for cooking. The use of traditional fuel for cooking and heating has been associated with allergic rhinitis especially in rural areas of South Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted were 167 households were randomly selected after different locations were stratified. A questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions adopted from International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) was used. The prevalence of household reported allergic rhinitis in the different locations were Bhubhane (64%), Mahlabatsini (53%), Masakeni (50%), Babrook (48%), KaJohn (34%) and KaDukies (23%). Allergic rhinitis was significantly associated with the use of coal, wood and kerosene. We did not find any association between allergic rhinitis and the use of charcoal and animal dung. The study showed a high prevalence of household-reported allergic rhinitis amongst children in rural areas. The findings indicate the role of particulate matter from burning traditional fuel indoors as a risk factor to allergic rhinitis.","PeriodicalId":330455,"journal":{"name":"2019 Open Innovations (OI)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124876305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Simeon, T. Wanjekeche, E. Hamatwi, N. I. Kamati Mbangula
The development of Distributed Energy Resources and their integration in the distribution system is on the rise worldwide. This has been necessitated by the need for an environment friendly sustainable growth. However, an increased penetration of distributed generators(DG) into the grid has an impact on the integrity, reliability and stability of the grid. In this paper, the impacts of increased penetration of DG on faults on the grid was analysed. The was carried out by modelling and simulating Namibian grid in DigSILENT Power Factory software. The analysis was done at 0% DG penetration level and at maximum DG penetration level of 71.76% under fault condition. The results showed that DG units has potential to enhance system performance, in addition increased penetration of DG units reduces the magnitude of maximum rotor angle deviation hence enhancing transient stability of the grid.
分布式能源的发展及其在配电系统中的集成在世界范围内呈上升趋势。这是环境友好型可持续增长的需要所必需的。然而，越来越多的分布式发电机(DG)进入电网，对电网的完整性、可靠性和稳定性产生了影响。本文分析了DG渗透增加对电网故障的影响。采用DigSILENT Power Factory软件对纳米比亚电网进行建模和仿真。分析分别在零DG穿透水平和故障条件下最大DG穿透水平为71.76%时进行。结果表明，DG机组具有提高系统性能的潜力，并且DG机组的增加降低了转子最大角偏差的大小，从而提高了电网的暂态稳定性。
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