Alzheimer's disease (AD) and major depression (MD) are frequent diseases with a significant impact on the quality of life, and epidemiological studies show a correlation between early depressive episodes and AD. Although apparently different, they nonetheless maintain significant similarities, such as the common genetic substrate, involvement of similar structures, and a number of common pathogenetic hypotheses. This in-depth literature review aims at highlighting possible linkages between the two diseases: A chronic inflammatory process that selectively alters the blood–brain barrier in certain regions can be hypothesized.
{"title":"Potential linkages between Alzheimer's disease and major depression","authors":"F. Raudino","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_65_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_65_22","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) and major depression (MD) are frequent diseases with a significant impact on the quality of life, and epidemiological studies show a correlation between early depressive episodes and AD. Although apparently different, they nonetheless maintain significant similarities, such as the common genetic substrate, involvement of similar structures, and a number of common pathogenetic hypotheses. This in-depth literature review aims at highlighting possible linkages between the two diseases: A chronic inflammatory process that selectively alters the blood–brain barrier in certain regions can be hypothesized.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47071379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered an attractive research issue; as it is the most common musculoskeletal progressive condition with no cure yet. Aims: To evaluate effect of celecoxib alone or in combination of sitagliptin in monoiodo acetate rat model of OA. Methods: A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 4 groups, negative control (n=10), positive control group (OA induced by monoiodoacetate (MIA)) (n=10), celecoxib 50mg/kg (n=10), and celecoxib 50mg/kg plus sitagliptin 20mg/kg group (n=10). Serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers and serum CTX-II were assessed for all groups. Data were analyzed statistically by SPSS version 28.00. Results: group treated with celecoxib showed a significant reduction in the inflammatory biomarkers and CTX-II serum levels compared with the OA group (P<0.01). A significant reduction in CTX-II level in combination treated group relative to celecoxib treated group. Conclusion: Celecoxib imparted anti-inflammatory and cartilage protective effect in OA induced rat model. Sitagliptin combination with celecoxib added an extra cartilage protective effect by reducing cartilage degradation evident by lowering CTX-II serum levels.
{"title":"Effect of celecoxib alone or in combination of sitagliptin in monoiodoacetate rat model of osteoarthritis","authors":"Rabab Al-Uqabi, A. Al-Gareeb, Ali K. Al-buhadily","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_51_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_51_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered an attractive research issue; as it is the most common musculoskeletal progressive condition with no cure yet. Aims: To evaluate effect of celecoxib alone or in combination of sitagliptin in monoiodo acetate rat model of OA. Methods: A total of 40 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 4 groups, negative control (n=10), positive control group (OA induced by monoiodoacetate (MIA)) (n=10), celecoxib 50mg/kg (n=10), and celecoxib 50mg/kg plus sitagliptin 20mg/kg group (n=10). Serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers and serum CTX-II were assessed for all groups. Data were analyzed statistically by SPSS version 28.00. Results: group treated with celecoxib showed a significant reduction in the inflammatory biomarkers and CTX-II serum levels compared with the OA group (P<0.01). A significant reduction in CTX-II level in combination treated group relative to celecoxib treated group. Conclusion: Celecoxib imparted anti-inflammatory and cartilage protective effect in OA induced rat model. Sitagliptin combination with celecoxib added an extra cartilage protective effect by reducing cartilage degradation evident by lowering CTX-II serum levels.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44762733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate metformin proposed protective effect against the development of osteoarthritis (OA) in rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 male Sprague–Dawley rats were included, divided into four groups: negative control (n = 10), positive control (OA induced by monoiodoacetate [MIA]) (n = 10), metformin 200mg/kg group (n = 10) preinduction of OA, and metformin 200 mg/kg group (n = 10) postinduction of OA. Serum C-telopeptide type II collagen (CTX-II), inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated for each group. For data analysis, SPSS version 26.00 was used. Results: Metformin-treated groups showed a significant reduction in inflammatory biomarkers and CTX-II serum levels compared with OA group (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with 200 mg/kg metformin imparted extra cartilage protective effect and further decreased inflammatory cytokines compared to posttreated (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Metformin produced a beneficial protective effect in experimental OA in rats. It attenuates the inflammatory reactions progression by preventing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats with experimental OA. Furthermore, metformin reduced cartilage degradation evidenced by lowering CTX-II serum levels experimental OA in rats.
{"title":"Evaluation of protective effect of metformin in rats with experimental osteoarthritis","authors":"Ali K. Al-buhadily, Rabab Al-Uqabi, A. Al-Gareeb","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_43_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_43_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate metformin proposed protective effect against the development of osteoarthritis (OA) in rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 male Sprague–Dawley rats were included, divided into four groups: negative control (n = 10), positive control (OA induced by monoiodoacetate [MIA]) (n = 10), metformin 200mg/kg group (n = 10) preinduction of OA, and metformin 200 mg/kg group (n = 10) postinduction of OA. Serum C-telopeptide type II collagen (CTX-II), inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated for each group. For data analysis, SPSS version 26.00 was used. Results: Metformin-treated groups showed a significant reduction in inflammatory biomarkers and CTX-II serum levels compared with OA group (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with 200 mg/kg metformin imparted extra cartilage protective effect and further decreased inflammatory cytokines compared to posttreated (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Metformin produced a beneficial protective effect in experimental OA in rats. It attenuates the inflammatory reactions progression by preventing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats with experimental OA. Furthermore, metformin reduced cartilage degradation evidenced by lowering CTX-II serum levels experimental OA in rats.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44770046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pratiksha Sonkusale, S. Kar, A. Deshmukh, Subhor Nandwani, Sangeeta Galui, Aditya Ambulkar
Background: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Besides the skin and peripheral nerves, it also involves many internal organs. Testicular involvement is mainly seen in leprosy. Hypogonadism in males with leprosy can occur due the involvement of testis. Aim: The aim was to evaluate the gonadal function impairment in males with leprosy and to analyze the relation of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone to the activity, duration, and disease classification in Central India. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective observational pilot study. We evaluated 30 patients of leprosy. They were subjected to careful history taking, dermatological and genital examination, assessment of FSH, LH, and testosterone levels, and slit skin smear for acid-fast bacilli. Diagnosis of leprosy was confirmed histopathologically. The collected data were encoded and entered electronically in a computer excel worksheet 2010 version. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.0 for Windows. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to establish relationship between different variables. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A positive correlation was found between FSH and LH hormones which was highly significant, whereas there was a negative correlation between testosterone and FSH and LH levels. There was a positive correlation between age, duration of disease, and reaction in leprosy with those of FSH and LH levels. There was a positive correlation between disease activity bacillary index (BI) and FSH, LH and a negative correlation between BI and testosterone. Conclusion: It is recommended that lepromatous leprosy patients should be routinely screened for hypogonadism using FSH, LH, and testosterone levels.
背景:麻风是由麻风分枝杆菌引起的一种慢性肉芽肿性传染病。除了皮肤和周围神经外，它还涉及许多内脏器官。累及睾丸主要见于麻风病。男性麻风病患者的性腺功能减退可因睾丸受累而发生。目的:评价印度中部地区男性麻风患者的性腺功能损害，分析促卵泡激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和睾酮与麻风活动、病程和疾病分类的关系。患者和方法:这是一项前瞻性观察性初步研究。我们评估了30名麻风病患者。他们接受了详细的病史记录、皮肤和生殖器检查、FSH、LH和睾酮水平的评估以及抗酸杆菌的切开皮肤涂片检查。麻风病的诊断经病理组织学证实。收集到的数据被编码并以电子方式输入到计算机excel工作表2010版本中。采用SPSS 17.0 for Windows进行统计分析。采用Pearson相关系数建立不同变量之间的关系。P≤0.05认为有统计学意义。结果:FSH与LH呈显著正相关，而睾酮与FSH、LH呈显著负相关。年龄、病程、麻风病反应与FSH、LH水平呈正相关。疾病活动性杆菌指数(BI)与FSH、LH呈正相关，与睾酮呈负相关。结论:建议对麻风性麻风患者进行FSH、LH和睾酮水平的常规筛查，以检查其性腺功能减退。
{"title":"A pilot study on hypogonadism in male leprosy patients in rural tertiary care hospital in central India","authors":"Pratiksha Sonkusale, S. Kar, A. Deshmukh, Subhor Nandwani, Sangeeta Galui, Aditya Ambulkar","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_35_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_35_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Besides the skin and peripheral nerves, it also involves many internal organs. Testicular involvement is mainly seen in leprosy. Hypogonadism in males with leprosy can occur due the involvement of testis. Aim: The aim was to evaluate the gonadal function impairment in males with leprosy and to analyze the relation of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone to the activity, duration, and disease classification in Central India. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective observational pilot study. We evaluated 30 patients of leprosy. They were subjected to careful history taking, dermatological and genital examination, assessment of FSH, LH, and testosterone levels, and slit skin smear for acid-fast bacilli. Diagnosis of leprosy was confirmed histopathologically. The collected data were encoded and entered electronically in a computer excel worksheet 2010 version. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.0 for Windows. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to establish relationship between different variables. P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A positive correlation was found between FSH and LH hormones which was highly significant, whereas there was a negative correlation between testosterone and FSH and LH levels. There was a positive correlation between age, duration of disease, and reaction in leprosy with those of FSH and LH levels. There was a positive correlation between disease activity bacillary index (BI) and FSH, LH and a negative correlation between BI and testosterone. Conclusion: It is recommended that lepromatous leprosy patients should be routinely screened for hypogonadism using FSH, LH, and testosterone levels.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44621717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Caudal septal repair is hard to confront in otolaryngology and plastic surgeon, due to cartilage memory. It causes nasal obstruction or esthetical problems to the nasal base and columella. Although different modalities have been described for the treatment of this abnormality, these techniques not only improve the function but also preserve or improve the appearance of the nose. Objective: The objective was to discuss the different surgical conservative procedures that can be used to treat alterations of the caudal septum and change the position of the cartilage in the midline and find which is the best. Patients and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 40 patients who aged 20–40 years, had attended the Otolaryngology Outpatient Clinic in Al Karama Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, between October 2016 and March 2020, and with a history of obstructed nose; conservative nasal septal surgery was done for them depending on the severity. Results: Regarding the result of the type of surgery, the patients were satisfied with their esthetic and functional perfection; patients with preoperative nasal obstruction reported improved breathing. In scoring technique with (NOSE) score pre and postoparative results were 58.21 and 22.66, in reshaping technique were 60.66 and 17.21 as a pre and postoparative results and in batten graft the results were 62.34 and 20.26 as a pre and postoparative results alternatively. Reshaping and batten graft techniques are better results than the scoring technique. Conclusion: The study outcomes that the approaches for improvement of caudal septal deviation are safe and effective. The approach of surgery will depend on the severity of the deviation.
{"title":"Caudal septal deviation surgical techniques","authors":"Nasir Hassen","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_8_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_8_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Caudal septal repair is hard to confront in otolaryngology and plastic surgeon, due to cartilage memory. It causes nasal obstruction or esthetical problems to the nasal base and columella. Although different modalities have been described for the treatment of this abnormality, these techniques not only improve the function but also preserve or improve the appearance of the nose. Objective: The objective was to discuss the different surgical conservative procedures that can be used to treat alterations of the caudal septum and change the position of the cartilage in the midline and find which is the best. Patients and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 40 patients who aged 20–40 years, had attended the Otolaryngology Outpatient Clinic in Al Karama Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, between October 2016 and March 2020, and with a history of obstructed nose; conservative nasal septal surgery was done for them depending on the severity. Results: Regarding the result of the type of surgery, the patients were satisfied with their esthetic and functional perfection; patients with preoperative nasal obstruction reported improved breathing. In scoring technique with (NOSE) score pre and postoparative results were 58.21 and 22.66, in reshaping technique were 60.66 and 17.21 as a pre and postoparative results and in batten graft the results were 62.34 and 20.26 as a pre and postoparative results alternatively. Reshaping and batten graft techniques are better results than the scoring technique. Conclusion: The study outcomes that the approaches for improvement of caudal septal deviation are safe and effective. The approach of surgery will depend on the severity of the deviation.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47134392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaima’a R. Al-Salihy, R. Al-Shawk, Safaa A. Al-Waysi, M. Rasheed
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has the ability to change cellular messenger RNA transcription and translation by stimulating the synthesis of cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) that impair immune response and facilitate viral reproduction. One of the most important members of the immune response against HCV is nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which is regulated by cellular miRNAs. Aims: we aimed to investigate the correlation of NF-κB serum level with circulatory miRNA-221 (miR-221) fold change in HCV-exposed individuals. Materials and Methods: Serum level of NF-κB in 88 samples (22 patients with persistent HCV infection, 22 individuals with spontaneous HCV virus clearance, 22 individuals treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) drugs, and 22 uninfected apparently healthy blood donors as control) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the expression fold of circulatory miR-221. Results: The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the mean level of NF-κB at P < 0.000 among HCV-exposed patients (2.0058 ng/ml) as compared to the control group (2.9841 ng/ml). The mean fold change of miR-221 was significantly upregulated about six more times among HCV-exposed patients (mean = 6.3545) compared to the control group (mean = 1.1864). Furthermore, the mean ± standard deviation of miR-221 fold change in patients with persistent HCV infection was significantly higher compared to patients cured after DAA therapy (P = 0.048), there was a weak negative correlation (r = −0.246, P = 0.021) between NF-κB serum level and miR-221 folding level. Conclusion: HCV infection disrupts NF-κB activation, resulting in dysregulation of miR-221 that persists long after the virus has been cleared. Thus, quantification of serum NF-κB and miR-221in HCV-exposed patients could be used as noninvasive prognostic marker during long-term follow-up. Furthermore, a miRNAs profile analysis can help distinguish HCV-exposed from healthy individuals.
{"title":"Correlation of NF-kB serum level with the expression pattern of microrna-221 in a sample of hcv-exposed Iraqi patients","authors":"Shaima’a R. Al-Salihy, R. Al-Shawk, Safaa A. Al-Waysi, M. Rasheed","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_20_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_20_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has the ability to change cellular messenger RNA transcription and translation by stimulating the synthesis of cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) that impair immune response and facilitate viral reproduction. One of the most important members of the immune response against HCV is nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which is regulated by cellular miRNAs. Aims: we aimed to investigate the correlation of NF-κB serum level with circulatory miRNA-221 (miR-221) fold change in HCV-exposed individuals. Materials and Methods: Serum level of NF-κB in 88 samples (22 patients with persistent HCV infection, 22 individuals with spontaneous HCV virus clearance, 22 individuals treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) drugs, and 22 uninfected apparently healthy blood donors as control) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the expression fold of circulatory miR-221. Results: The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the mean level of NF-κB at P < 0.000 among HCV-exposed patients (2.0058 ng/ml) as compared to the control group (2.9841 ng/ml). The mean fold change of miR-221 was significantly upregulated about six more times among HCV-exposed patients (mean = 6.3545) compared to the control group (mean = 1.1864). Furthermore, the mean ± standard deviation of miR-221 fold change in patients with persistent HCV infection was significantly higher compared to patients cured after DAA therapy (P = 0.048), there was a weak negative correlation (r = −0.246, P = 0.021) between NF-κB serum level and miR-221 folding level. Conclusion: HCV infection disrupts NF-κB activation, resulting in dysregulation of miR-221 that persists long after the virus has been cleared. Thus, quantification of serum NF-κB and miR-221in HCV-exposed patients could be used as noninvasive prognostic marker during long-term follow-up. Furthermore, a miRNAs profile analysis can help distinguish HCV-exposed from healthy individuals.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47134819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Al Tamimi, AhmedA Salam Al Atraqchi, Ahmed Tahseen, Hayder Qatran
Background: Vagus nerve stimulation has been broadly known as one of treatment lines for refractory epilepsy, especially in poor applicants for resection surgeries or in whom resection has failed. Its use for different seizure-types control is increasing. Aims: We aimed to assess the efficacy of Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy outcome predictive aspects utilizing subgroup analysis. Materials and Methods: From 2008 until 2016, 183/190 refractory epilepsy cases with specific inclusion criteria were selected. All underwent pre- and postimplantation assessment of response utilizing Engel criteria and Chalfont seizure severity scoring system for 2 years. Descriptive and statistical data analysis was accomplished for the data of age at epilepsy start and VNS insertion, seizures nature, device stimulation parameters, and peri-surgical antiepileptic medicines. Results: At 12 months follow-up period (29.5%), patients were assigned to a Class I and II outcome (representing very good seizure outcome) especially among patients with G. T. C seizure. 38.8% had a “worthwhile” improvement and consigned as Class III outcome mostly among P. S. G patients. The response was better at 24 months' follow-up period. Patients <10 years of age with pre surgery mean duration of epilepsy of 10 (+5) years and mean age at onset of epilepsy of 7 (+5) years showed better response. Mean seizure frequency reduction was 69.8% (+18). Conclusions: Stimulation parameters needed was lower for class I and II with significant reduction of required anti-epileptic drugs (AED). Our study may help to provide response predictive characteristics.
{"title":"Vagal nerve stimulation for refractory epilepsy: Eight years of experience on 183 Iraqi patients","authors":"Mohamed Al Tamimi, AhmedA Salam Al Atraqchi, Ahmed Tahseen, Hayder Qatran","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_14_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_14_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vagus nerve stimulation has been broadly known as one of treatment lines for refractory epilepsy, especially in poor applicants for resection surgeries or in whom resection has failed. Its use for different seizure-types control is increasing. Aims: We aimed to assess the efficacy of Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy outcome predictive aspects utilizing subgroup analysis. Materials and Methods: From 2008 until 2016, 183/190 refractory epilepsy cases with specific inclusion criteria were selected. All underwent pre- and postimplantation assessment of response utilizing Engel criteria and Chalfont seizure severity scoring system for 2 years. Descriptive and statistical data analysis was accomplished for the data of age at epilepsy start and VNS insertion, seizures nature, device stimulation parameters, and peri-surgical antiepileptic medicines. Results: At 12 months follow-up period (29.5%), patients were assigned to a Class I and II outcome (representing very good seizure outcome) especially among patients with G. T. C seizure. 38.8% had a “worthwhile” improvement and consigned as Class III outcome mostly among P. S. G patients. The response was better at 24 months' follow-up period. Patients <10 years of age with pre surgery mean duration of epilepsy of 10 (+5) years and mean age at onset of epilepsy of 7 (+5) years showed better response. Mean seizure frequency reduction was 69.8% (+18). Conclusions: Stimulation parameters needed was lower for class I and II with significant reduction of required anti-epileptic drugs (AED). Our study may help to provide response predictive characteristics.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45700179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Abdullah, Abdulameer Jawad al-Gburi, Saba Younis Al-Obaidi
Turner syndrome (TS) is the most frequent female chromosomal abnormality, with a higher overall mortality rate than the general population; cardiovascular events are a significant risk factor. Cardiovascular manifestations in TS include congenital heart diseases, in addition to acquired heart diseases such as acute aortic dissection, stroke, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. Growth hormone-insulin growth factor 1 axis abnormality, estrogen hormone deficiency, liability for diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia all are endocrine risk factors affecting cardiovascular health in TS. Heart anatomical defects should be closely monitored for progression and associated complications throughout the patient's lifetime by a skilled cardiologist.
{"title":"Cardiovascular health in turner syndrome: Manifestations, endocrine, and metabolic risk factors with a look at clinical practice","authors":"W. Abdullah, Abdulameer Jawad al-Gburi, Saba Younis Al-Obaidi","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_13_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_13_22","url":null,"abstract":"Turner syndrome (TS) is the most frequent female chromosomal abnormality, with a higher overall mortality rate than the general population; cardiovascular events are a significant risk factor. Cardiovascular manifestations in TS include congenital heart diseases, in addition to acquired heart diseases such as acute aortic dissection, stroke, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. Growth hormone-insulin growth factor 1 axis abnormality, estrogen hormone deficiency, liability for diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia all are endocrine risk factors affecting cardiovascular health in TS. Heart anatomical defects should be closely monitored for progression and associated complications throughout the patient's lifetime by a skilled cardiologist.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41636606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The clinical characteristics and prognosis of high-risk groups, including elderly and pregnant women, may vary according to the overall susceptibility of novel coronavirus. For that, numerous researchers worldwide have concentrated their efforts on finding a trustworthy biomarker that can determine the severity, prognosis, and survival of those affected. C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory biomarker that showed higher levels in coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) cases, underlay inflammation degree and was used to gauge the severity of COVID-19. In this review, we discuss whether CRP might have other uses in COVID-19 cases besides predicting the severity and the clinical outcomes among vulnerable risk groups. Doctors must analyze CRP levels along with the period of illness to identify those liable for rapid progress and be able to categorize case severity to guide the clinical decision to improve prognosis.
{"title":"C-reactive protein in elderly and pregnant COVID-19 cases: A new role for an old marker","authors":"E. Ali, D. Salman, Wassan Nori","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_54_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_54_22","url":null,"abstract":"The clinical characteristics and prognosis of high-risk groups, including elderly and pregnant women, may vary according to the overall susceptibility of novel coronavirus. For that, numerous researchers worldwide have concentrated their efforts on finding a trustworthy biomarker that can determine the severity, prognosis, and survival of those affected. C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory biomarker that showed higher levels in coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) cases, underlay inflammation degree and was used to gauge the severity of COVID-19. In this review, we discuss whether CRP might have other uses in COVID-19 cases besides predicting the severity and the clinical outcomes among vulnerable risk groups. Doctors must analyze CRP levels along with the period of illness to identify those liable for rapid progress and be able to categorize case severity to guide the clinical decision to improve prognosis.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46099390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Kumari, Sonia Jain, Pratiksha Sonkusale, A. Deshmukh
Dyschromatoses are a group of genodermatosis characterized by the presence of both hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules of variable shapes and sizes. Here, we report siblings presented with asymptomatic progressive mottled pigmentation of reticulate pattern over the trunk and limbs since 6 years of their age without any systemic or other cutaneous illness. They were born to nonconsanguineous parents following an uneventful pregnancy. Their paternal grandfather had a similar appearance. Histological examination was consistent with dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH). Based on the clinical and histological findings, a diagnosis of DUH was made. We report this case of rare genodermatosis in siblings affected by the same disease.
{"title":"Siblings with dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria a rare case report","authors":"P. Kumari, Sonia Jain, Pratiksha Sonkusale, A. Deshmukh","doi":"10.4103/mj.mj_9_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/mj.mj_9_22","url":null,"abstract":"Dyschromatoses are a group of genodermatosis characterized by the presence of both hyperpigmented and hypopigmented macules of variable shapes and sizes. Here, we report siblings presented with asymptomatic progressive mottled pigmentation of reticulate pattern over the trunk and limbs since 6 years of their age without any systemic or other cutaneous illness. They were born to nonconsanguineous parents following an uneventful pregnancy. Their paternal grandfather had a similar appearance. Histological examination was consistent with dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH). Based on the clinical and histological findings, a diagnosis of DUH was made. We report this case of rare genodermatosis in siblings affected by the same disease.","PeriodicalId":33069,"journal":{"name":"mjl@ lmstnSry@ lTby@","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49181291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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