Pub Date : 2015-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15980634.2015.1119388
R. Gunputh, K. Choong
Abstract Although surrogacy seemed to have been practised since ancient times, its resurgence in the contemporary era has been nothing short of phenomenal. With advances made in reproductive technology, it is now possible to fertilise eggs and sperms in laboratories and have the embryo transferred into the womb of a surrogate mother for gestation. Through a combination of push and pull factors, this possibility of gestational surrogacy has led to the meteoric rise of cross-border surrogacy. This paper seeks to highlight the ethical and legal challenges associated with the practice, and calls for better legal oversight at international level.
{"title":"Surrogacy tourism: the ethical and legal challenges","authors":"R. Gunputh, K. Choong","doi":"10.1080/15980634.2015.1119388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2015.1119388","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although surrogacy seemed to have been practised since ancient times, its resurgence in the contemporary era has been nothing short of phenomenal. With advances made in reproductive technology, it is now possible to fertilise eggs and sperms in laboratories and have the embryo transferred into the womb of a surrogate mother for gestation. Through a combination of push and pull factors, this possibility of gestational surrogacy has led to the meteoric rise of cross-border surrogacy. This paper seeks to highlight the ethical and legal challenges associated with the practice, and calls for better legal oversight at international level.","PeriodicalId":330902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133701615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-03DOI: 10.1080/15980634.2015.1118871
N. Chen, Wenjia Ruan, Qing Yuan
ABSTRACT As the “hot topic” of tourism and leisure activities, hot springs are gradually becoming the development direction in integrated resorts. Compared with other regions in central China, Henan has unique conditions of hot spring resources, but relevant industries have developed slowly due to their development time limes and mode. In this paper, the spatial & temporal distribution of resources, star ratings, themes and the influence of new media use are discussed, based on the temporal and spatial evolution of integrated hot spring resorts in Henan province from 1993 to 2014. The satisfaction factors of resort customers were analyzed through empirical investigation. The results show that there are five key satisfaction factors; namely, the quality of hot springs and service regime, the sightseeing & leisure environment, business services, catering services, and sport and recreation opportunities. In the end, appropriate measures for sustainable development of the integrated hot spring resorts in Henan Province are put forward.
{"title":"The research of spatial - temporal evolution and satisfaction factors in integrated hot spring resorts","authors":"N. Chen, Wenjia Ruan, Qing Yuan","doi":"10.1080/15980634.2015.1118871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2015.1118871","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT As the “hot topic” of tourism and leisure activities, hot springs are gradually becoming the development direction in integrated resorts. Compared with other regions in central China, Henan has unique conditions of hot spring resources, but relevant industries have developed slowly due to their development time limes and mode. In this paper, the spatial & temporal distribution of resources, star ratings, themes and the influence of new media use are discussed, based on the temporal and spatial evolution of integrated hot spring resorts in Henan province from 1993 to 2014. The satisfaction factors of resort customers were analyzed through empirical investigation. The results show that there are five key satisfaction factors; namely, the quality of hot springs and service regime, the sightseeing & leisure environment, business services, catering services, and sport and recreation opportunities. In the end, appropriate measures for sustainable development of the integrated hot spring resorts in Henan Province are put forward.","PeriodicalId":330902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114787914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15980634.2014.11434688
R. Baggio
Abstract Creativity and innovation have long been considered as fundamental factors in economic growth. This is especially true in tourism today, where intense and globalized competition put firms, groups and destinations under a very heavy pressure. In this contribution, after a brief introduction to the issue and its different facets, we adopt a social network perspective. In this framework, using a recently proposed measure, we analyze a number of destinations whose stakeholders networks are known. We compare them to a series of networks made of creative entities and assess the difference.
{"title":"Creativity and the Structure of Tourism Destination Networks","authors":"R. Baggio","doi":"10.1080/15980634.2014.11434688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2014.11434688","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Creativity and innovation have long been considered as fundamental factors in economic growth. This is especially true in tourism today, where intense and globalized competition put firms, groups and destinations under a very heavy pressure. In this contribution, after a brief introduction to the issue and its different facets, we adopt a social network perspective. In this framework, using a recently proposed measure, we analyze a number of destinations whose stakeholders networks are known. We compare them to a series of networks made of creative entities and assess the difference.","PeriodicalId":330902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116344022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15980634.2014.11434699
Jenny H. Panchal
Abstract The Asian spa has seen considerable growth in recent years. Nonetheless, the dearth in the literature about the spa industry in Asia is evident. Tourist spa experiences are an intriguing aspect in this industry. In this study, blog analysis, which involved a progressive four-stage process, was employed to explore travel bloggers’ spa experiences in India, Thailand and the Philippines. More specifically, this paper presents overview of travel blogs that contain accounts of tourist spa experiences as well as bloggers’ perceived benefits from their spa experiences. The findings suggest that spa experiences are by and large positive experiences that benefit multiple dimensions of tourist well-being.
{"title":"Perceived Benefits of Spa Experiences: Tourist Insights from the Blogosphere","authors":"Jenny H. Panchal","doi":"10.1080/15980634.2014.11434699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2014.11434699","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Asian spa has seen considerable growth in recent years. Nonetheless, the dearth in the literature about the spa industry in Asia is evident. Tourist spa experiences are an intriguing aspect in this industry. In this study, blog analysis, which involved a progressive four-stage process, was employed to explore travel bloggers’ spa experiences in India, Thailand and the Philippines. More specifically, this paper presents overview of travel blogs that contain accounts of tourist spa experiences as well as bloggers’ perceived benefits from their spa experiences. The findings suggest that spa experiences are by and large positive experiences that benefit multiple dimensions of tourist well-being.","PeriodicalId":330902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128631385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15980634.2014.11434698
T. Ko
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyze the attitudes and perceptions of adolescents with regard to sexual chat, a common deviant leisure activity carried out on the Internet, and suggest what information is needed to assist the establishment of education material for teachers and parents, and establish policies for schools and other education organizations. The research is limited to middle and high school students and focuses on sexual chatting in cyber space. Stratified sampling was conducted in 18 cities and counties in Gangwondo, and 2023 useful samples were obtained. Approximately 8% (138 students) of the respondents had experienced online sexual chatting and the average time (duration) of use was 12 minutes per week. Fifty five percent of the students had the motivation of simple curiosity, 24.5% emotional excitement, 11.9% killing time, 10.7% entertainment, 8.8% stress release, and 6.0% were imitating adult sexual activity. The adolescents reported feeling nothing special after the chatting (50.3%), the instinct to imitate (16.9%), stress release (16.6%), abhorrence (15.1%), and guilt and shame (12.9%). Several recommendations for adolescent education in relation to deviant leisure activities are suggested.
{"title":"Adolescent Deviant Leisure Activities on the Internet","authors":"T. Ko","doi":"10.1080/15980634.2014.11434698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2014.11434698","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of this paper is to analyze the attitudes and perceptions of adolescents with regard to sexual chat, a common deviant leisure activity carried out on the Internet, and suggest what information is needed to assist the establishment of education material for teachers and parents, and establish policies for schools and other education organizations. The research is limited to middle and high school students and focuses on sexual chatting in cyber space. Stratified sampling was conducted in 18 cities and counties in Gangwondo, and 2023 useful samples were obtained. Approximately 8% (138 students) of the respondents had experienced online sexual chatting and the average time (duration) of use was 12 minutes per week. Fifty five percent of the students had the motivation of simple curiosity, 24.5% emotional excitement, 11.9% killing time, 10.7% entertainment, 8.8% stress release, and 6.0% were imitating adult sexual activity. The adolescents reported feeling nothing special after the chatting (50.3%), the instinct to imitate (16.9%), stress release (16.6%), abhorrence (15.1%), and guilt and shame (12.9%). Several recommendations for adolescent education in relation to deviant leisure activities are suggested.","PeriodicalId":330902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126070804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15980634.2014.11434682
Chung-Shing Chan
Abstract Places, including countries and cities, have started to apply branding strategies to enhance their position as tourist destinations and attract targeted immigrants. Whether a particular place brand carries economic value is determined by the presence or absence of brand equity. Brand equity measurement is thus becoming more quantitative in nature based on the selective nature of place branding. Characterized by the distinctive nature of branding places including cities, neural networks, genetic algorithms and linear programming are three types of research approaches that may be useful in decision-making of city marketing and branding. With respect to Hong Kong and relevant data availability, the author believes that linear programming is applicable to stimulating brand equity maximization. While acknowledging a number of constraints, for example but not limited to, budget, policy, administration, and non-negativity constraints, city authorities and marketers should formulate a specific function to measure their city’s brand value or liability for a more effective and focused branding strategy.
{"title":"Applying Linear Programming in City Brand Equity Concept: A Case Study of Hong Kong","authors":"Chung-Shing Chan","doi":"10.1080/15980634.2014.11434682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2014.11434682","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Places, including countries and cities, have started to apply branding strategies to enhance their position as tourist destinations and attract targeted immigrants. Whether a particular place brand carries economic value is determined by the presence or absence of brand equity. Brand equity measurement is thus becoming more quantitative in nature based on the selective nature of place branding. Characterized by the distinctive nature of branding places including cities, neural networks, genetic algorithms and linear programming are three types of research approaches that may be useful in decision-making of city marketing and branding. With respect to Hong Kong and relevant data availability, the author believes that linear programming is applicable to stimulating brand equity maximization. While acknowledging a number of constraints, for example but not limited to, budget, policy, administration, and non-negativity constraints, city authorities and marketers should formulate a specific function to measure their city’s brand value or liability for a more effective and focused branding strategy.","PeriodicalId":330902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114424075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15980634.2014.11434696
J. Borzyszkowski
Abstract The article presents the operations undertaken by city-level organizations in connection with major sport events. The analysis focuses on three events: two related to football (i.e. the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, and 2008 UEFA European Football Championship in Austria and Switzerland) and the 2012 Olympic Games in London. The article consists of two basic parts. The first one contains theoretical considerations related to the issue, i.e. understanding of the concept of destination management organizations (DMOs) and their operations, including those connected with large sport events. The second part is an attempt to characterize activities performed by selected urban DMOs in order to promote and publicize large football events hosted by these cities. It has been demonstrated that specific entities undertake various operations in this area. The majority of these are connected with promotion, yet it is possible to also identify other types of activity (e.g. related to trainings).
{"title":"Destination Management Organizations and Sports Events","authors":"J. Borzyszkowski","doi":"10.1080/15980634.2014.11434696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2014.11434696","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents the operations undertaken by city-level organizations in connection with major sport events. The analysis focuses on three events: two related to football (i.e. the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany, and 2008 UEFA European Football Championship in Austria and Switzerland) and the 2012 Olympic Games in London. The article consists of two basic parts. The first one contains theoretical considerations related to the issue, i.e. understanding of the concept of destination management organizations (DMOs) and their operations, including those connected with large sport events. The second part is an attempt to characterize activities performed by selected urban DMOs in order to promote and publicize large football events hosted by these cities. It has been demonstrated that specific entities undertake various operations in this area. The majority of these are connected with promotion, yet it is possible to also identify other types of activity (e.g. related to trainings).","PeriodicalId":330902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121402055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15980634.2014.11434685
C. Pongajarn, René van der Duim, Karin Peters
Abstract Actor-network theory was used to examine the role of postcards in the enactment of tourism destinations by analysing the representational and nonrepresentational readings of 325 postcards offered for sale in shops in Pai, northern Thailand. This paper illustrates how postcards take part in the construction of three versions of the tourism destination, that is, as an ethnic tourism destination, a hub for hippies and international backpackers, and a Thai romantic tourism destination. It also illustrates the multiplicity and different development paths of tourism destinations, and argues that non-representational readings of postcards (as well as other media) can and should be combined with representational readings to provide a full understanding of the construction of tourism destinations.
{"title":"Reading Postcards: Multiple Enactments of Tourism Destinations. The case of Pai, Thailand","authors":"C. Pongajarn, René van der Duim, Karin Peters","doi":"10.1080/15980634.2014.11434685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2014.11434685","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Actor-network theory was used to examine the role of postcards in the enactment of tourism destinations by analysing the representational and nonrepresentational readings of 325 postcards offered for sale in shops in Pai, northern Thailand. This paper illustrates how postcards take part in the construction of three versions of the tourism destination, that is, as an ethnic tourism destination, a hub for hippies and international backpackers, and a Thai romantic tourism destination. It also illustrates the multiplicity and different development paths of tourism destinations, and argues that non-representational readings of postcards (as well as other media) can and should be combined with representational readings to provide a full understanding of the construction of tourism destinations.","PeriodicalId":330902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Sciences","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124372938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15980634.2014.11434692
Anastasiia S. Salina, Hyungjeong Spring Han
Abstract The aim of this study is to identify and describe mega sports event market segments based on cluster analysis and to provide critiques and suggestions to both academics and industry practitioners. Field study was conducted during the 2014 Sochi Olympic Games onsite among tourists at the Olympic venues. A total of 258 questionnaires were valid for data analysis. The study explores whether demographic characteristics of Olympic Games visitors affect their perceptions of event quality, destination image and perceived value by performing cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. Event quality was found to be formed by two clusters of tourists, and three clusters emerged both for destination image and perceived value. The results show that there are differences among these segments in terms of visitors’ perceptions of listed constructs affecting their revisit intentions and intentions to recommend destination. The article concludes by giving the reader an example of how each of the steps was processed in the identification and description of those market segments based on cluster analysis. And the key characteristics making them uniquely different as a group are discussed. The paper then shows how segmentation research can be used to develop successful promotional campaign and marketing plan.
{"title":"Sports Centric Tourism: Who Travels to Mega Sports Events?","authors":"Anastasiia S. Salina, Hyungjeong Spring Han","doi":"10.1080/15980634.2014.11434692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2014.11434692","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this study is to identify and describe mega sports event market segments based on cluster analysis and to provide critiques and suggestions to both academics and industry practitioners. Field study was conducted during the 2014 Sochi Olympic Games onsite among tourists at the Olympic venues. A total of 258 questionnaires were valid for data analysis. The study explores whether demographic characteristics of Olympic Games visitors affect their perceptions of event quality, destination image and perceived value by performing cluster analysis and discriminant analysis. Event quality was found to be formed by two clusters of tourists, and three clusters emerged both for destination image and perceived value. The results show that there are differences among these segments in terms of visitors’ perceptions of listed constructs affecting their revisit intentions and intentions to recommend destination. The article concludes by giving the reader an example of how each of the steps was processed in the identification and description of those market segments based on cluster analysis. And the key characteristics making them uniquely different as a group are discussed. The paper then shows how segmentation research can be used to develop successful promotional campaign and marketing plan.","PeriodicalId":330902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Sciences","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128818202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-01-01DOI: 10.1080/15980634.2014.11434694
Seunghoon Chung, Dongkoo Yun
Abstract This study proposes a revised Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) approach combined with a regression model due to the strong relationship between the 15 paired variables regarding seniors’ perceived importance of motivations and performance experiences. Findings suggest that a combination of the traditional IPA results and predicted values (lines) from a linear regression analysis leads to a better understanding of the customers’ perceptions and behaviors in the target market, which in this study is the senior travel market. Future research should be undertaken to validate the revised IPA model suggested in this study using different constructs/variables in different markets.
{"title":"Revising Importance-Performance Analysis Combined with Regression Model: Applied to Seniors’ Travel Motivation and Performance Experiences","authors":"Seunghoon Chung, Dongkoo Yun","doi":"10.1080/15980634.2014.11434694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2014.11434694","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study proposes a revised Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) approach combined with a regression model due to the strong relationship between the 15 paired variables regarding seniors’ perceived importance of motivations and performance experiences. Findings suggest that a combination of the traditional IPA results and predicted values (lines) from a linear regression analysis leads to a better understanding of the customers’ perceptions and behaviors in the target market, which in this study is the senior travel market. Future research should be undertaken to validate the revised IPA model suggested in this study using different constructs/variables in different markets.","PeriodicalId":330902,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tourism Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123453195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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