Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology最新文献_第8页

CRISPR/Cas13a-mediated visual detection: A rapid and robust method for early detection of Nosema bombycis in silkworms CRISPR/Cas13a 介导的视觉检测：一种早期检测家蚕诺斯玛病的快速而可靠的方法。

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104203

Yi-Xiang Wu , Samreen Sadiq , Xin-Hao Jiao , Xue-Min Zhou , Lu-Lai Wang , Xin-Ran Xie , Iltaf Khan , Ping Wu

The sericulture industry faces a significant threat from the Pebrine disease of silkworms, caused by Nosema bombycis. Nonetheless, the current microscopic diagnostic methods can be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and lacking sensitivity and accuracy. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a novel detection approach that is efficient, highly sensitive, and low-cost. In this regard, the CRISPR/Cas system has the potential to be a fast, accurate, and highly specific method of detection. Herein, using a microplate reader, a portable fluorescence detection device, and test strips as signal output tools respectively, we have efficiently developed three rapid and facile visual detection methods for N. bombycis using a CRISPR/Cas13a system with conjugation of Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). We evaluated the sensitivity of this combined technology by comparing it with the positive plasmid standard and the genome standard of N. bombycis. Remarkably, the sensitivity of the CRISPR/Cas13a system for N. bombycis positive plasmid standard based on the microplate reader, portable fluorescence detection device, and test strips was 1 copy/μL, 10 copies/μL, and 1 copy/μL, respectively, while for the N. bombycis genome standards, the detection sensitivity was 10 fg/μL, 10 fg/μL, and 1 fg/μL, respectively. In addition, extensive evaluations have demonstrated that the established technology can accurately detect N. bombycis without cross-reactivity with other pathogens, ensuring a specificity rate of 100%. In brief, this study will provide a practical, efficient, and affordable method for early and rapid detection of N. bombycis in various settings.

养蚕业面临着由诺瑟玛蝇（Nosema bombycis）引起的家蚕白绢病的巨大威胁。然而，目前的显微诊断方法耗时、耗力，而且缺乏灵敏度和准确性。因此，开发一种高效、高灵敏度、低成本的新型检测方法至关重要。在这方面，CRISPR/Cas 系统有可能成为一种快速、准确和高度特异性的检测方法。在本文中，我们分别使用微孔板阅读器、便携式荧光检测设备和试纸作为信号输出工具，利用 CRISPR/Cas13a 系统和重组酶聚合酶扩增（RPA），有效地开发了三种快速简便的 N. bombycis 视觉检测方法。我们通过与 N. bombycis 的阳性质粒标准和基因组标准进行比较，评估了这一组合技术的灵敏度。值得注意的是，基于微孔板阅读器、便携式荧光检测装置和测试条的 CRISPR/Cas13a 系统对 N. bombycis 阳性质粒标准的灵敏度分别为 1 拷贝/μL、10 拷贝/μL 和 1 拷贝/μL，而对 N. bombycis 基因组标准的检测灵敏度分别为 10 fg/μL、10 fg/μL 和 1 fg/μL。此外，大量评估结果表明，所建立的技术能准确检测出 N. bombycis，不会与其他病原体产生交叉反应，确保特异性达到 100%。简而言之，这项研究将为在各种环境中早期快速检测 N. bombycis 提供一种实用、高效且经济实惠的方法。

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas13a-mediated visual detection: A rapid and robust method for early detection of Nosema bombycis in silkworms","authors":"Yi-Xiang Wu , Samreen Sadiq , Xin-Hao Jiao , Xue-Min Zhou , Lu-Lai Wang , Xin-Ran Xie , Iltaf Khan , Ping Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sericulture industry faces a significant threat from the Pebrine disease of silkworms, caused by <em>Nosema bombycis</em>. Nonetheless, the current microscopic diagnostic methods can be time-consuming, labor-intensive, and lacking sensitivity and accuracy. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a novel detection approach that is efficient, highly sensitive, and low-cost. In this regard, the CRISPR/Cas system has the potential to be a fast, accurate, and highly specific method of detection. Herein, using a microplate reader, a portable fluorescence detection device, and test strips as signal output tools respectively, we have efficiently developed three rapid and facile visual detection methods for <em>N. bombycis</em> using a CRISPR/Cas13a system with conjugation of Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). We evaluated the sensitivity of this combined technology by comparing it with the positive plasmid standard and the genome standard of <em>N. bombycis</em>. Remarkably, the sensitivity of the CRISPR/Cas13a system for <em>N. bombycis</em> positive plasmid standard based on the microplate reader, portable fluorescence detection device, and test strips was 1 copy/μL, 10 copies/μL, and 1 copy/μL, respectively, while for the <em>N. bombycis</em> genome standards, the detection sensitivity was 10 fg/μL, 10 fg/μL, and 1 fg/μL, respectively. In addition, extensive evaluations have demonstrated that the established technology can accurately detect <em>N. bombycis</em> without cross-reactivity with other pathogens, ensuring a specificity rate of 100%. In brief, this study will provide a practical, efficient, and affordable method for early and rapid detection of <em>N. bombycis</em> in various settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"175 ","pages":"Article 104203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142492003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Larval development of a parasitoid depends on host ecdysteroids 寄生虫的幼虫发育取决于寄主的蜕皮激素。

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104195

Xinyi Liu , Zhe Jiang , Wei Sun , Jialei Lu , Jiaru He , Yijie Wang , Fanchi Li , Bing Li , Jing Wei

Parasitoids often exhibit high flexibility in their development depending on stages of their host at the parasitism, yet little is known about the mechanism underlying such flexibility. In the study, we evaluated the larval development time of the parasitoid Exorista sorbillans (Diptera: Tachinidae) on the lepidopteran model insect Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). We found that the development duration of E. sorbillans larvae parasitizing on the late-developmental silkworms was significantly shorter than that of the larvae parasitizing on the early-developmental hosts. Intriguingly, the 2nd-3rd instar molting of parasitoid always occurred when the ecdysteroid titers in the host were increased to higher levels. Furthermore, inhibiting the release of ecdysteroids to parasitic abdomen by thorax-abdomen ligation of the host only repressed the 2nd-instar growth and molting of E. sorbillans larvae, but had no effect on their pupation. Meanwhile, the ecdysone synthesis and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20 E) signaling in larval parasitoids were impeded after ligation treatment. Moreover, exogenous 20 E application could largely rescue the defect in 2nd instar growth and molting through stimulating ecdysone synthesis and signaling in E. sorbillans. Our results indicate that the parasitoid requires the host ecdysteroids to stimulate 20 E signaling and the subsequent 2nd-instar growth and molting. These findings will improve our understanding of the host utilization strategies of parasitoids, and contribute to the development of in vitro rearing procedures of tachinid parasitoids for biological control.

寄生虫的发育通常表现出高度的灵活性，这取决于寄生时宿主的不同阶段，但对这种灵活性的内在机制却知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们评估了寄生于鳞翅目模式昆虫桑蚕（Bombyx mori，鳞翅目：Bombycidae）的寄生虫桑蚕（Exorista sorbillans，双翅目：Tachinidae）的幼虫发育时间。我们发现，寄生在晚发育家蚕上的山蚕蛾幼虫的发育时间明显短于寄生在早发育寄主上的幼虫。耐人寻味的是，当寄主体内的蜕皮激素滴度增加到较高水平时，寄生虫的第2-3龄蜕皮总是发生。此外，通过胸腹结扎寄主来抑制蜕皮激素向寄生虫腹部的释放，只能抑制山丁虫幼虫第2龄的生长和蜕皮，但对其化蛹没有影响。同时，结扎处理阻碍了寄生幼虫体内蜕皮激素的合成和 20-hydroxyecdysone (20 E) 信号的传递。此外，施用外源 20 E 可以通过刺激蜕皮激素的合成和信号传导，在很大程度上挽救寄生虫 2龄期生长和蜕皮的缺陷。我们的研究结果表明，寄生虫需要寄主的蜕皮激素来刺激 20 E 信号传导，进而促进第二龄幼虫的生长和蜕皮。这些发现将增进我们对寄生虫宿主利用策略的了解，并有助于开发用于生物防治的鞘翅目寄生虫体外饲养程序。

{"title":"Larval development of a parasitoid depends on host ecdysteroids","authors":"Xinyi Liu , Zhe Jiang , Wei Sun , Jialei Lu , Jiaru He , Yijie Wang , Fanchi Li , Bing Li , Jing Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parasitoids often exhibit high flexibility in their development depending on stages of their host at the parasitism, yet little is known about the mechanism underlying such flexibility. In the study, we evaluated the larval development time of the parasitoid <em>Exorista sorbillans</em> (Diptera: Tachinidae) on the lepidopteran model insect <em>Bombyx mori</em> (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). We found that the development duration of <em>E. sorbillans</em> larvae parasitizing on the late-developmental silkworms was significantly shorter than that of the larvae parasitizing on the early-developmental hosts. Intriguingly, the 2nd-3rd instar molting of parasitoid always occurred when the ecdysteroid titers in the host were increased to higher levels. Furthermore, inhibiting the release of ecdysteroids to parasitic abdomen by thorax-abdomen ligation of the host only repressed the 2nd-instar growth and molting of <em>E. sorbillans</em> larvae, but had no effect on their pupation. Meanwhile, the ecdysone synthesis and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20 E) signaling in larval parasitoids were impeded after ligation treatment. Moreover, exogenous 20 E application could largely rescue the defect in 2nd instar growth and molting through stimulating ecdysone synthesis and signaling in <em>E. sorbillans</em>. Our results indicate that the parasitoid requires the host ecdysteroids to stimulate 20 E signaling and the subsequent 2nd-instar growth and molting. These findings will improve our understanding of the host utilization strategies of parasitoids, and contribute to the development of <em>in vitro</em> rearing procedures of tachinid parasitoids for biological control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 104195"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Age-dependent switched taste behavior to ribose 与年龄有关的核糖味觉转换行为

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104194

Jiun Sang, Youngseok Lee

Chemical detection is vital for animal survival, aiding in avoiding toxins and selecting nutritious foods. While Drosophila larvae exhibit appetitive feeding behavior toward ribose, an important sugar for RNA, nucleotide, and nucleoside synthesis, how adult Drosophila perceives ribose remains unclear. Through behavioral and electrophysiological investigations, we unexpectedly discovered that adult flies actively avoid ribose. Our external electrophysiological analysis revealed that ribose is detected through bitter-sensing gustatory receptor neurons in S-type sensilla, suggesting its perception as a bitter compound. Additionally, we identify painless as crucial for both ribose aversion and the neuronal response to ribose.

化学检测对动物的生存至关重要，有助于它们避开毒素和选择有营养的食物。核糖是合成核糖核酸、核苷酸和核苷的重要糖类，果蝇幼虫对核糖表现出食欲摄食行为，但成年果蝇如何感知核糖仍不清楚。通过行为学和电生理学研究，我们意外地发现成虫会主动回避核糖。我们的外部电生理分析表明，核糖是通过 S 型感觉器中的苦味感觉受体神经元检测到的，这表明核糖是一种苦味化合物。此外，我们还发现无痛对核糖厌恶和神经元对核糖的反应都至关重要。

引用次数: 0

Hemolymph protease-17b activates proHP6 to stimulate melanization and Toll signaling in Manduca sexta 血淋巴蛋白酶-17b能激活proHP6，从而刺激狐猴的黑化和Toll信号传导

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104193

Yang Wang, Haobo Jiang

Manduca sexta hemolymph protease-6 (HP6) plays a central role in coordinating antimicrobial responses, such as prophenoloxidase (PPO) activation and Toll signaling. Our previous studies indicated that HP5 and GP6 activate proHP6 in larval hemolymph and extraembryonic tissues, respectively. Here, we report the characterization of HP17b as another HP6 activating enzyme and its regulation by multiple serpins in hemolymph. The precursor of HP17b expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells became spontaneously cleaved at two sites, and these products were purified together in one preparation named HP17b′, a mixture of proHP17b, a 35 kDa intermediate, and HP17b. HP17b′ converted proHP6 to HP6. As reported before, HP6 converted precursors of PPO activating protease-1 (PAP1) and HP8 to their active forms. HP8 activates proSpӓtzle-1 to turn on Toll signaling. We found HP17b′ directly activated proSPHI and II to form a cofactor for PPO activation by PAP1. Supplementation of larval hemolymph with HP17b′, HP17b, or proHP17b significantly increased PPO activation. Adding Micrococcus luteus to the reactions did not enhance PPO activation in the reactions containing HP17b′, HP17b, or proHP17b. Using HP17b antibodies, we isolated from induced plasma HP17b fragments and associated proteins (e.g., serpin-4). Serpin-1A, 1J, 1J′, 4, 5, or 6 reduced the activation of proHP6 by HP17b’ through formation of covalent complexes with active HP17b. We detected an activity for proHP17b cleavage in hemolymph from bar-stage pharate pupae but failed to purify the protease due to its high instability. Other known HPs did not activate proHP17b in vitro. Together, these results suggest that HP17b is a clip-domain protease activated by an unknown endopeptidase in response to a danger signal and regulated by multiple serpins.

曼杜克蛇血淋巴蛋白酶-6（HP6）在协调丙酚氧化酶（PPO）激活和 Toll 信号转导等抗微生物反应中发挥着核心作用。我们之前的研究表明，HP5 和 GP6 分别激活幼虫血淋巴和胚外组织中的原 HP6。在此，我们报告了 HP17b 作为另一种 HP6 激活酶的特性及其在血淋巴中受多种丝蛋白调控的情况。在杆状病毒感染的Sf9细胞中表达的HP17b前体在两个位点自发裂解，这些产物被一起纯化为一种名为HP17b′的制剂，它是proHP17b、35 kDa中间体和HP17b的混合物。HP17b′ 将 proHP6 转化为 HP6。正如之前所报道的，HP6 可将 PPO 激活蛋白酶-1（PAP1）和 HP8 的前体转化为活性形式。HP8 可激活 proSpӓtzle-1 启动 Toll 信号转导。我们发现，HP17b′可直接激活原SPHI和II，形成PAP1激活PPO的辅助因子。在幼虫血淋巴中添加 HP17b′、HP17b 或 proHP17b 能显著增加 PPO 的活化。在含有HP17b′、HP17b或proHP17b的反应中，加入黄体小球菌并不能增强PPO的活化。使用 HP17b 抗体，我们从诱导血浆中分离出了 HP17b 片段和相关蛋白（如 serpin-4）。Serpin-1A、1J、1J′、4、5或6通过与活性HP17b形成共价复合物，减少了HP17b对proHP6的激活。我们在条纹期噬蛹的血淋巴中检测到了原 HP17b 的裂解活性，但由于其高度不稳定性，我们未能纯化这种蛋白酶。其他已知的 HPs 在体外没有激活 proHP17b。这些结果表明，HP17b是一种由未知内肽酶激活的剪切域蛋白酶，可对危险信号做出反应，并受多种丝蛋白调节。

{"title":"Hemolymph protease-17b activates proHP6 to stimulate melanization and Toll signaling in Manduca sexta","authors":"Yang Wang, Haobo Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Manduca sexta</em> hemolymph protease-6 (HP6) plays a central role in coordinating antimicrobial responses, such as prophenoloxidase (PPO) activation and Toll signaling. Our previous studies indicated that HP5 and GP6 activate proHP6 in larval hemolymph and extraembryonic tissues, respectively. Here, we report the characterization of HP17b as another HP6 activating enzyme and its regulation by multiple serpins in hemolymph. The precursor of HP17b expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells became spontaneously cleaved at two sites, and these products were purified together in one preparation named HP17b′, a mixture of proHP17b, a 35 kDa intermediate, and HP17b. HP17b′ converted proHP6 to HP6. As reported before, HP6 converted precursors of PPO activating protease-1 (PAP1) and HP8 to their active forms. HP8 activates proSpӓtzle-1 to turn on Toll signaling. We found HP17b′ directly activated proSPHI and II to form a cofactor for PPO activation by PAP1. Supplementation of larval hemolymph with HP17b′, HP17b, or proHP17b significantly increased PPO activation. Adding <em>Micrococcus luteus</em> to the reactions did not enhance PPO activation in the reactions containing HP17b′, HP17b, or proHP17b. Using HP17b antibodies, we isolated from induced plasma HP17b fragments and associated proteins (<em>e.g</em>., serpin-4). Serpin-1A, 1J, 1J′, 4, 5, or 6 reduced the activation of proHP6 by HP17b’ through formation of covalent complexes with active HP17b. We detected an activity for proHP17b cleavage in hemolymph from bar-stage pharate pupae but failed to purify the protease due to its high instability. Other known HPs did not activate proHP17b <em>in vitro</em>. Together, these results suggest that HP17b is a clip-domain protease activated by an unknown endopeptidase in response to a danger signal and regulated by multiple serpins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 104193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-omics analysis reveal the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda tolerate high temperature by mediating chitin-related genes 多组学分析揭示秋军虫通过介导几丁质相关基因耐高温

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104192

Xiaorui Yan , Zihua Zhao , Shiqian Feng , Yongjun Zhang , Zhenying Wang , Zhihong Li

Climate change facilitates the rapid invasion of agricultural pests, threatening global food security. The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a highly polyphagous migratory pest tolerant to high temperatures, allowing its proliferation in harsh thermal environments. We aimed to demonstrate mechanisms of its high-temperature tolerance, particularly transcriptional and metabolic regulation, which are poorly understood. To achieve the aim, we examined the impact and mechanism of heat events on S. frugiperda by using multiple approaches: ecological measurements, transcriptomics, metabolomics, RNAi, and CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We observed that several physiological indices (larval survival rate, larval period, pupation rate, pupal weight, eclosion rate, and average fecundity) decreased as the temperature increased, with the 32 °C treatment displaying a significant difference from the control group at 26 °C. Significantly upregulated expression of genes encoding endochitinase and chitin deacetylase was observed in the chitin-binding, extracellular region, and carbohydrate metabolic process GO terms of hemolymph, fat body, and brain, exhibiting a tissue-specific pattern. Significantly enriched pathways (e.g., cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis; oxidative phosphorylation and cofactor biosynthesis; diverse amino acid biosynthesis and degradation; carbon metabolism; and energy metabolism), all of which are essential for S. frugiperda larvae to tolerate temperature, were found in metabolites that were expressed differently. Successful RNA interference targeting of the three chitin-related genes reduced gene expression levels and larval survival rate. Knockout of the endochitinase gene by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system significantly reduced the relative gene expression and increased sensitivity to high-temperature exposure. On the basis of our findings, theoretical foundations for understanding the high-temperature tolerance of S. frugiperda populations and latent genetic control strategies were established.

气候变化助长了农业害虫的快速入侵，威胁着全球粮食安全。秋虫（Spodoptera frugiperda）是一种高度多食性迁飞害虫，耐高温，可在恶劣的热环境中繁殖。我们的目标是证明其耐高温的机制，特别是转录和代谢调控机制，目前对这些机制还知之甚少。为了实现这一目标，我们采用多种方法研究了高温事件对 S. frugiperda 的影响和机制：生态测量、转录组学、代谢组学、RNAi 和 CRISPR/Cas9 技术。我们观察到，一些生理指标（幼虫存活率、幼虫期、化蛹率、蛹重、羽化率和平均受精率）随着温度的升高而降低，32 °C处理组与26 °C对照组有显著差异。内几丁质酶和几丁质脱乙酰酶的编码基因在几丁质结合、细胞外区域和碳水化合物代谢过程GO方面的表达显著上调，表现出组织特异性。在表达不同的代谢物中发现了显著富集的途径（如角质素、单宁和蜡的生物合成；氧化磷酸化和辅助因子的生物合成；多种氨基酸的生物合成和降解；碳代谢；以及能量代谢），所有这些途径都是弗氏幼虫耐受温度所必需的。成功地对这三个几丁质相关基因进行 RNA 干扰，降低了基因表达水平和幼虫存活率。利用CRISPR/Cas9系统敲除内几丁质酶基因可显著降低基因的相对表达量，提高对高温暴露的敏感性。根据我们的研究结果，建立了了解节肢动物种群耐高温性和潜在基因控制策略的理论基础。

{"title":"Multi-omics analysis reveal the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda tolerate high temperature by mediating chitin-related genes","authors":"Xiaorui Yan , Zihua Zhao , Shiqian Feng , Yongjun Zhang , Zhenying Wang , Zhihong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change facilitates the rapid invasion of agricultural pests, threatening global food security. The fall armyworm <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> is a highly polyphagous migratory pest tolerant to high temperatures, allowing its proliferation in harsh thermal environments. We aimed to demonstrate mechanisms of its high-temperature tolerance, particularly transcriptional and metabolic regulation, which are poorly understood. To achieve the aim, we examined the impact and mechanism of heat events on <em>S. frugiperda</em> by using multiple approaches: ecological measurements, transcriptomics, metabolomics, RNAi, and CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We observed that several physiological indices (larval survival rate, larval period, pupation rate, pupal weight, eclosion rate, and average fecundity) decreased as the temperature increased, with the 32 °C treatment displaying a significant difference from the control group at 26 °C. Significantly upregulated expression of genes encoding endochitinase and chitin deacetylase was observed in the chitin-binding, extracellular region, and carbohydrate metabolic process GO terms of hemolymph, fat body, and brain, exhibiting a tissue-specific pattern. Significantly enriched pathways (e.g., cutin, suberin, and wax biosynthesis; oxidative phosphorylation and cofactor biosynthesis; diverse amino acid biosynthesis and degradation; carbon metabolism; and energy metabolism), all of which are essential for <em>S. frugiperda</em> larvae to tolerate temperature, were found in metabolites that were expressed differently. Successful RNA interference targeting of the three chitin-related genes reduced gene expression levels and larval survival rate. Knockout of the endochitinase gene by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system significantly reduced the relative gene expression and increased sensitivity to high-temperature exposure. On the basis of our findings, theoretical foundations for understanding the high-temperature tolerance of <em>S. frugiperda</em> populations and latent genetic control strategies were established.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 104192"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification of salivary proteins in the rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis by transcriptome and LC-MS/MS analyses 通过转录组和 LC-MS/MS 分析鉴定稻纵卷叶螟的唾液蛋白。

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104191

Jiarong Cui , Xianjing Yao , Zhihan Ni , Hongfeng Zhao , Yajun Yang , Hongxing Xu , Zhongxian Lu , Pingyang Zhu

Salivary proteins in the oral secretion (OS) of chewing insects play a crucial role in insect-plant interactions during feeding. The rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, a notorious pest in global rice production, triggers defense responses during feeding, but little is known about its salivary proteins. In this study, we confirmed that C. medinalis releases OS during feeding. By employing transcriptomic analysis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS), we examined the salivary proteins from labial salivary glands and OS from C. medinalis. A total of 14,397 genes were expressed at the RNA level and 229 salivary proteins were identified. Comparative analysis with other 25 arthropod species revealed that 43 proteins were unique to C. medinalis. Expression pattern analysis revealed that most of the selected genes were highly expressed in the gut and the larval stages (4th–5th instar). These findings provide a comprehensive resource for future functional studies of salivary proteins, offering new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which C. medinalis modulates plant defenses and potential applications in pest management.

咀嚼昆虫口腔分泌物（OS）中的唾液蛋白在昆虫取食期间与植物的相互作用中起着至关重要的作用。稻纵卷叶螟（Cnaphalocrocis medinalis）是全球水稻生产中臭名昭著的害虫，在取食过程中会引发防御反应，但人们对其唾液蛋白知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们证实褐飞虱在取食过程中会释放唾液蛋白。通过采用转录组分析和液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）技术，我们检测了来自中脊蝇唇唾液腺的唾液蛋白和来自其肠道的OS。共有 14,397 个基因在 RNA 水平上表达，并鉴定出 229 种唾液蛋白。与其他 25 个节肢动物物种的比较分析表明，有 43 种蛋白质是 C. medinalis 特有的。表达模式分析显示，大多数所选基因在肠道和幼虫阶段（4-5龄）高度表达。这些发现为未来唾液蛋白的功能研究提供了一个全面的资源，为了解 C. medinalis 调节植物防御能力的分子机制以及在害虫管理中的潜在应用提供了新的视角。

{"title":"Identification of salivary proteins in the rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis by transcriptome and LC-MS/MS analyses","authors":"Jiarong Cui , Xianjing Yao , Zhihan Ni , Hongfeng Zhao , Yajun Yang , Hongxing Xu , Zhongxian Lu , Pingyang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salivary proteins in the oral secretion (OS) of chewing insects play a crucial role in insect-plant interactions during feeding. The rice leaf folder <em>Cnaphalocrocis medinalis</em>, a notorious pest in global rice production, triggers defense responses during feeding, but little is known about its salivary proteins. In this study, we confirmed that <em>C. medinalis</em> releases OS during feeding. By employing transcriptomic analysis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS), we examined the salivary proteins from labial salivary glands and OS from <em>C. medinalis</em>. A total of 14,397 genes were expressed at the RNA level and 229 salivary proteins were identified. Comparative analysis with other 25 arthropod species revealed that 43 proteins were unique to <em>C. medinalis</em>. Expression pattern analysis revealed that most of the selected genes were highly expressed in the gut and the larval stages (4th–5th instar). These findings provide a comprehensive resource for future functional studies of salivary proteins, offering new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which <em>C. medinalis</em> modulates plant defenses and potential applications in pest management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 104191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142405800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bipartite nuclear localization sequence is indispensable for nuclear import and stability of self-dimerization of ADARa in Bombyx mori 双核定位序列是 ADARa 在沙蚕体内进行核导入和稳定自我嵌合所不可或缺的。

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104190

Song Jiang , Junzhe Peng , Syeda Saneela , Ruoyun Shi , Daoming Wang , Qingheng Tang , Xiaming Shi , Yan Meng

The conservative post-transcriptional modification in mammals and Drosophila is adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) deamination in double-stranded RNA, catalyzed by RNA-editing enzymes known as adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs). The traditional nuclear import pathway for ADARs involves the recognition of a putative classical nuclear localization sequence (NLS) by importin α4 and α5. In our previous research, ADAR in silkworm, Bombyx mori (BmADARa) was confirmed predominantly located in the nucleus. However, the location of the NLS in BmADARa and its impact on nuclear import and self-dimerization remained unclear. Utilizing NLS prediction software, we predicted the presence of a bipartite NLS within the amino-terminal, 85 amino acids of BmADARa (N85). This prediction was validated through point mutation, which demonstrated that the bipartite NLS could directly mediate nuclear import of BmADARa. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that BmADARa is mainly dependent on BmKaryopherin α3 (homologous to mammalian importin α4) for nuclear import, although both BmKaryopherin α3 and BmImportin α5 could recognize bipartite NLS. The N-terminal truncated mutants and the bipartite NLS mutants of BmADARa suggest that the bipartite NLS is the major nuclear import site and a crucial structure for self-dimerization of BmADARa. In conclusion, the N-terminal bipartite NLS of BmADARa is recognized by BmKaryopherin α3 and BmImportin α5, facilitating its nuclear import. This promotes BmADARa self-dimerization and maintains the stability of dimerization, thereby enhancing its editing efficiency on target substrates. The results of this research demonstrate the role of bipartite NLS in BmADARa editing and laying a foundation for further research on the regulation of BmADARa in the growth and development in B. mori.

在哺乳动物和果蝇中，保守的转录后修饰是双链 RNA 中的腺苷-肌苷（A-to-I）脱氨，由称为作用于 RNA 的腺苷脱氨酶（ADARs）的 RNA 编辑酶催化。ADARs 的传统核导入途径包括导入蛋白 α4 和 α5 识别推测的经典核定位序列（NLS）。在我们之前的研究中，证实了家蚕中的 ADAR（BmADARa）主要位于细胞核中。然而，BmADARa 中 NLS 的位置及其对核导入和自二聚化的影响仍不清楚。利用 NLS 预测软件，我们预测在 BmADARa 的氨基末端 85 个氨基酸（N85）中存在一个双侧 NLS。我们通过点突变验证了这一预测，结果表明双端 NLS 可直接介导 BmADARa 的核导入。共免疫沉淀分析表明，BmADARa的核导入主要依赖于BmKaryopherin α3（与哺乳动物的导入蛋白α4同源），尽管BmKaryopherin α3和BmImportin α5都能识别双端NLS。BmADARa的N-端截短突变体和双端NLS突变体表明，双端NLS是BmADARa的主要核导入位点和自嵌合的关键结构。总之，BmADARa的N端双端NLS被BmKaryopherin α3和BmImportin α5识别，促进了其核导入。这促进了 BmADARa 的自二聚化并保持了二聚化的稳定性，从而提高了其对目标底物的编辑效率。该研究结果证明了双侧 NLS 在 BmADARa 编辑过程中的作用，为进一步研究 BmADARa 在森蛙生长发育过程中的调控作用奠定了基础。

{"title":"Bipartite nuclear localization sequence is indispensable for nuclear import and stability of self-dimerization of ADARa in Bombyx mori","authors":"Song Jiang , Junzhe Peng , Syeda Saneela , Ruoyun Shi , Daoming Wang , Qingheng Tang , Xiaming Shi , Yan Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conservative post-transcriptional modification in mammals and <em>Drosophila</em> is adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) deamination in double-stranded RNA, catalyzed by RNA-editing enzymes known as adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs). The traditional nuclear import pathway for ADARs involves the recognition of a putative classical nuclear localization sequence (NLS) by importin α4 and α5. In our previous research, ADAR in silkworm, <em>Bombyx mori</em> (BmADARa) was confirmed predominantly located in the nucleus. However, the location of the NLS in BmADARa and its impact on nuclear import and self-dimerization remained unclear. Utilizing NLS prediction software, we predicted the presence of a bipartite NLS within the amino-terminal, 85 amino acids of BmADARa (N85). This prediction was validated through point mutation, which demonstrated that the bipartite NLS could directly mediate nuclear import of BmADARa. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that BmADARa is mainly dependent on BmKaryopherin α3 (homologous to mammalian importin α4) for nuclear import, although both BmKaryopherin α3 and BmImportin α5 could recognize bipartite NLS. The N-terminal truncated mutants and the bipartite NLS mutants of BmADARa suggest that the bipartite NLS is the major nuclear import site and a crucial structure for self-dimerization of BmADARa. In conclusion, the N-terminal bipartite NLS of BmADARa is recognized by BmKaryopherin α3 and BmImportin α5, facilitating its nuclear import. This promotes BmADARa self-dimerization and maintains the stability of dimerization, thereby enhancing its editing efficiency on target substrates. The results of this research demonstrate the role of bipartite NLS in BmADARa editing and laying a foundation for further research on the regulation of BmADARa in the growth and development in <em>B. mori</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 104190"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142398829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genome editing: A novel approach to manage insect vectors of plant viruses 基因组编辑：管理植物病毒昆虫载体的新方法。

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104189

Sumit Jangra , Jesse Potts , Amalendu Ghosh , Dakshina R. Seal

Insect vectors significantly threaten global agriculture by transmitting numerous plant viruses. Various measures, from conventional insecticides to genetic engineering, are used to mitigate this threat. However, none provide complete resistance. Therefore, researchers are looking for novel control options. In recent years with the advancements in genomic technologies, genomes and transcriptomes of various insect vectors have been generated. However, the lack of knowledge about gene functions hinders the development of novel strategies to restrict virus spread. RNA interference (RNAi) is widely used to elucidate gene functions, but its variable efficacy hampers its use in managing insect vectors and plant viruses. Genome editing has the potential to overcome these challenges and has been extensively used in various insect pest species. This review summarizes the progress and potential of genome editing in plant virus vectors and its application as a functional genomic tool to elucidate virus-vector interactions. We also discuss the major challenges associated with editing genes of interest in insect vectors.

昆虫媒介传播大量病毒，严重威胁全球农业。从传统杀虫剂到基因工程，各种措施都被用来减轻这一威胁。然而，没有一种措施能提供完全的抗药性。因此，研究人员正在寻找新的控制方案。近年来，随着基因组技术的进步，各种昆虫载体的基因组和转录组已经产生。然而，由于缺乏对基因功能的了解，阻碍了限制病毒传播的新策略的开发。RNA 干扰（RNAi）被广泛用于阐明基因功能，但其效果不一，阻碍了它在昆虫载体中的应用。基因组编辑有可能克服这些挑战，并已广泛应用于各种害虫物种。本综述总结了基因组编辑在植物病毒载体中的进展和潜力，以及其作为功能基因组工具在阐明病毒-载体相互作用方面的应用。我们还讨论了与编辑昆虫载体相关的主要挑战。

{"title":"Genome editing: A novel approach to manage insect vectors of plant viruses","authors":"Sumit Jangra , Jesse Potts , Amalendu Ghosh , Dakshina R. Seal","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insect vectors significantly threaten global agriculture by transmitting numerous plant viruses. Various measures, from conventional insecticides to genetic engineering, are used to mitigate this threat. However, none provide complete resistance. Therefore, researchers are looking for novel control options. In recent years with the advancements in genomic technologies, genomes and transcriptomes of various insect vectors have been generated. However, the lack of knowledge about gene functions hinders the development of novel strategies to restrict virus spread. RNA interference (RNAi) is widely used to elucidate gene functions, but its variable efficacy hampers its use in managing insect vectors and plant viruses. Genome editing has the potential to overcome these challenges and has been extensively used in various insect pest species. This review summarizes the progress and potential of genome editing in plant virus vectors and its application as a functional genomic tool to elucidate virus-vector interactions. We also discuss the major challenges associated with editing genes of interest in insect vectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"174 ","pages":"Article 104189"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142338236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of OR5, which is highly expressed in the winged grain aphid Sitobion miscanthi, in specific recognition of EBF 在有翅谷物蚜虫 Sitobion miscanthi 中高表达的 OR5 在特异性识别 EBF 中的作用

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104180

Jia Fan , Bing Wang , Tianjiao Zhang , Miaomiao Yu , Mengyu Wang , Siyu Zhang , Changqing Su , Jingyang Xu , Xin Jiang , Qian Zhang , Guirong Wang , Julian Chen

Winged parthenogenetic aphids are mainly responsible for migration and dispersal. Aphid alarm pheromone (E)-β-Farnesene (EBF) has dual effects on repelling and stimulating wing differentiation in aphids. Previous studies have shown that the odorant coreceptor SmisOrco is involved in the perception of EBF by S. miscanthi; however, its EBF-specific odorant receptor (OR) and the difference between winged and wingless aphids remain unclear. In this study, the Xenopus oocyte expression system and RNAi technology were used to detect the transmission of EBF signals, and it was found that the olfactory receptor SmisOR5 is an EBF-specific OR in S. miscanthi and is specifically highly expressed in the antennae of winged aphids. Furthermore, when OR5 was silenced with dsRNA, the repellent effect of EBF was weakened, and aphids showed more active aimless movements. Therefore, as a specific OR for EBF, the high expression level of SmisOR5 in winged aphids suggests a molecular basis for its high sensitivity to EBF. This study advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of aphid EBF perception and provides novel ideas for effective management and prevention of the migration of winged aphids.

有翅孤雌生殖的蚜虫主要负责迁徙和扩散。蚜虫报警信息素（E）-β-法尼烯（EBF）具有排斥和刺激蚜虫翅膀分化的双重作用。先前的研究表明，气味核心受体 SmisOrco 参与了 S. miscanthi 对 EBF 的感知；然而，其 EBF 特异性气味受体（OR）以及有翅蚜虫和无翅蚜虫之间的差异仍不清楚。本研究利用爪蚜卵母细胞表达系统和 RNAi 技术检测了 EBF 信号的传递，结果发现嗅觉受体 SmisOR5 是 S. miscanthi 的 EBF 特异性 OR，并且在有翅蚜虫的触角中特异性高表达。此外，当用dsRNA沉默OR5时，EBF的驱避作用减弱，蚜虫表现出更活跃的无目的运动。因此，作为EBF的特异性OR，SmisOR5在有翅蚜虫中的高表达水平表明了其对EBF高度敏感的分子基础。这项研究加深了我们对蚜虫感知 EBF 的分子机制的理解，为有效管理和预防有翅蚜虫的迁移提供了新的思路。

{"title":"The role of OR5, which is highly expressed in the winged grain aphid Sitobion miscanthi, in specific recognition of EBF","authors":"Jia Fan , Bing Wang , Tianjiao Zhang , Miaomiao Yu , Mengyu Wang , Siyu Zhang , Changqing Su , Jingyang Xu , Xin Jiang , Qian Zhang , Guirong Wang , Julian Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Winged parthenogenetic aphids are mainly responsible for migration and dispersal. Aphid alarm pheromone (<em>E</em>)-β-Farnesene (EBF) has dual effects on repelling and stimulating wing differentiation in aphids. Previous studies have shown that the odorant coreceptor SmisOrco is involved in the perception of EBF by <em>S. miscanthi</em>; however, its EBF-specific odorant receptor (OR) and the difference between winged and wingless aphids remain unclear. In this study, the <em>Xenopus oocyte</em> expression system and RNAi technology were used to detect the transmission of EBF signals, and it was found that the olfactory receptor <em>SmisOR5</em> is an EBF-specific OR in <em>S. miscanthi</em> and is specifically highly expressed in the antennae of winged aphids. Furthermore, when <em>OR5</em> was silenced with dsRNA, the repellent effect of EBF was weakened, and aphids showed more active aimless movements. Therefore, as a specific OR for EBF, the high expression level of <em>SmisOR5</em> in winged aphids suggests a molecular basis for its high sensitivity to EBF. This study advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of aphid EBF perception and provides novel ideas for effective management and prevention of the migration of winged aphids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 104180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lipogenesis in Nasonia vitripennis: Influence of sugar chemistry, preferential production of triacylglycerides, and comparison of fatty acid biosynthetic capacity with Drosophila melanogaster Nasonia vitripennis 的脂肪生成：糖化学的影响、三酰甘油的优先生成以及与黑腹果蝇脂肪酸生物合成能力的比较

IF 3.2 2区农林科学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104179

Joachim Ruther, Julian Hoheneder, Vera Koschany

Sugar consumption increases the fecundity and longevity in many species of parasitic wasps (parasitoids) but whether these insects use sugars to synthesize significant amounts of fatty acids and storage fat de novo (lipogenesis) is discussed controversially. It has long been assumed that parasitic wasps lost this ability during evolution, mainly because in several species wasps with ad libitum access to sugar did not increase teneral lipid levels. Recent studies demonstrated that many species are nonetheless capable of synthesizing fatty acids de novo from glucose. It is unclear, however, whether also other sugars are used for fatty acid biosynthesis and whether an increase of sugar concentration to levels occurring in natural sugar sources translates into higher fatty acid production. Furthermore, it has been suggested that fatty acid production in parasitoids is negligible compared to species increasing teneral fat reserves such as Drosophila melanogaster. Here we show by stable isotope labeling experiments that females of Nasonia vitripennis convert D-glucose, D-fructose, sucrose, and α,α-trehalose, major sugars consumed by adult parasitoids in nature, equally well to palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acid. Lipogenesis from D-galactose occurs as well albeit to a lesser extent. Sugar concentration is crucial for lipogenic activity, and almost 80% of de novo synthesized fatty acids were incorporated into storage fat (triacylglycerides). Comparison of fatty acid biosynthesis within a 48-h feeding period with D. melanogaster revealed that N. vitripennis produced approximately half as many fatty acids per body mass unit. Both species fed equal amounts of the glucose offered. We conclude that lipogenesis is far from negligible in N. vitripennis and plays an important role for the energy balance when teneral lipid reserves deplete.

许多种类的寄生蜂（寄生虫）吃糖能提高繁殖力和寿命，但这些昆虫是否利用糖从头合成大量脂肪酸和贮存脂肪（脂肪生成）却存在争议。长期以来，人们一直认为寄生蜂在进化过程中丧失了这种能力，主要原因是有几个种类的寄生蜂在自由摄取糖类的情况下，总体脂质含量并没有增加。最近的研究表明，许多物种仍然能够从葡萄糖中重新合成脂肪酸。不过，目前还不清楚其他糖类是否也用于脂肪酸的生物合成，也不清楚糖类浓度增加到天然糖源的水平是否会导致脂肪酸产量增加。此外，有人认为，与黑腹果蝇等脂肪储备增加的物种相比，寄生虫的脂肪酸产量微不足道。在这里，我们通过稳定同位素标记实验表明，Nasonia vitripennis 的雌虫能将 D-葡萄糖、D-果糖、蔗糖和 α,α-赤藓糖（成虫在自然界中消耗的主要糖类）等转化为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸。由 D-半乳糖产生的脂肪生成也会发生，尽管程度较低。糖的浓度对生脂活性至关重要，几乎 80% 的从头合成脂肪酸被纳入贮存脂肪（三酰甘油）中。通过比较黑腹滨蝽与黑腹蝇蛆在 48 小时喂食期内的脂肪酸生物合成，发现黑腹滨蝽每单位体重产生的脂肪酸约为黑腹蝇蛆的一半。两个物种都摄入了等量的葡萄糖。我们的结论是，脂肪生成在卵黄囊蝽中远远不可忽视，而且在一般脂质储备耗尽时对能量平衡起着重要作用。

{"title":"Lipogenesis in Nasonia vitripennis: Influence of sugar chemistry, preferential production of triacylglycerides, and comparison of fatty acid biosynthetic capacity with Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"Joachim Ruther, Julian Hoheneder, Vera Koschany","doi":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ibmb.2024.104179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sugar consumption increases the fecundity and longevity in many species of parasitic wasps (parasitoids) but whether these insects use sugars to synthesize significant amounts of fatty acids and storage fat de novo (lipogenesis) is discussed controversially. It has long been assumed that parasitic wasps lost this ability during evolution, mainly because in several species wasps with ad libitum access to sugar did not increase teneral lipid levels. Recent studies demonstrated that many species are nonetheless capable of synthesizing fatty acids de novo from glucose. It is unclear, however, whether also other sugars are used for fatty acid biosynthesis and whether an increase of sugar concentration to levels occurring in natural sugar sources translates into higher fatty acid production. Furthermore, it has been suggested that fatty acid production in parasitoids is negligible compared to species increasing teneral fat reserves such as <em>Drosophila melanogaster.</em> Here we show by stable isotope labeling experiments that females of <em>Nasonia vitripennis</em> convert D-glucose, D-fructose, sucrose, and α,α-trehalose, major sugars consumed by adult parasitoids in nature, equally well to palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acid. Lipogenesis from D-galactose occurs as well albeit to a lesser extent. Sugar concentration is crucial for lipogenic activity, and almost 80% of de novo synthesized fatty acids were incorporated into storage fat (triacylglycerides). Comparison of fatty acid biosynthesis within a 48-h feeding period with <em>D. melanogaster</em> revealed that <em>N. vitripennis</em> produced approximately half as many fatty acids per body mass unit. Both species fed equal amounts of the glucose offered. We conclude that lipogenesis is far from negligible in <em>N. vitripennis</em> and plays an important role for the energy balance when teneral lipid reserves deplete.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":330,"journal":{"name":"Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"173 ","pages":"Article 104179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965174824001103/pdfft?md5=d910e65536a49cc9d870ed05ed81e8d5&pid=1-s2.0-S0965174824001103-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0