Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development最新文献

{"title":"Status of Copper and Zinc in Biotic and Abiotic Components of Karwar Waters Central West Coast of India","authors":"Smruta Phal, J. Rathod","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000174","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to study the concentration of Copper and Zinc in the water, sediment and important edible bivalves for a period of 6 months from January 2011 to June 2011. The concentration of copper in water sample at Majali was within the permissible limit (0.05 ppm as per BIS standards), it was (0.23 ppm) in the month of March and May at Devbagh, it was beyond the permissible limit (0.05 ppm) at Majali. In the case of Zinc, the highest concentration observed during May was (0.09 ppm) at Majali and (0.07 ppm) at Devbagh which is far below the permissible limits (5.0 ppm). In case of sediment samples the concentration of Cu was within the permissible limit (which is between 2.0-4.0 mg/L as per FEPA) the highest concentration was (0.39 ppm) in the month of January at Majali and (0.238 ppm) in the month of March at Devbagh, the limit of Zn was also within the permissible limit which is (50 mg/L according to FEPA) 0.09 ppm at Majali and 0.09 ppm at Devbagh. In Paphia malabarica and Mactra violaceae, concentration of Zn and Cu was within the permissible limit ((According to Standard Oyster tissue 156a which is 66.30 ± 4.30 mg/g for Cu and 830 ± 57 mg/g for Zn) highest concentration of Cu in Paphia malabarica was observed (0.4367 ppm) in the month of January at Majali followed by (0.267 ppm) of Zn in the month of June. In Mactra violaceae, the highest concentration of Cu was recorded in the month of January (0.476 ppm) followed by (0.297 ppm) of Zn in the month of June at Majali.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129911538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poly-ó-Glutamic Acid from Bacillus Horneckiae Strain APA of Shallow Marine Vent Origin with Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Effects against Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2","authors":"A. Poli, Concetta Gugli, Oló, A. Spanò, Valentina Taurisano, P. Donato, T. Maugeri, B. Nicolaus, A. Arena","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000173","url":null,"abstract":"The shallow vents of the Eolian Islands (Italy) are sources of almost unexplored microorganisms able to produce biomolecules with promising pharmaceutical applications. This work describes the characterization of an extracellular poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) from the new Bacillus horneckiae strain APA, and its antiviral and immunomodulatory effects against Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). The γ-PGA-APA was able to hinder HSV-2 replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), involving the cell-mediated immunity. The exopolymer induced the expression of high levels of Th1–type cytokines in PBMC, while it had no effects on Th2-type cytokines production. This is the first report on a γ-PGA produced by a marine thermotolerant B. horneckiae strain with antiviral and immunomodulator activities. As stimulator of Th1 cell-mediated immunity, this biopolymer could be potentially used in the treatment of immunocompromised hosts as well as in patients affected by herpes virus infections.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128847804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of Complement System during Ship Voyage and Winter-over Expedition in Antarctica","authors":"An, P. Yadav, K. Mishra, H. Tanwar, N. Sharma, Sudipta Ch, S. Singh, L. Ganju","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000171","url":null,"abstract":"The Antarctic milieu comes with extreme cold, intense UV radiation, white-outs, varying magnetic fields, sleep deprivation, altered circadian biorhythms, memory loss, isolation,-causing significant physiological and psychological stresses. These conditions closely resemble space travel, with striking similarity in character of peculiar climate, remoteness, constrained living spaces, disturbed sleep cycles, and environmental stress. Due to its extreme weather conditions, and unique geo-location around the South Pole, it is one of the last frontiers for the human race. Thus the geographic isolation and prolonged stressful stay at Antarctica makes it interesting to study the body responses of expeditioners under extreme environmental conditions. Two teams participated in the study, in 28th Indian Scientific Expedition to Antarctica. The first team included members for short “summer” expedition, while the second team as “Winter team”, included members exposed for long term to Antarctic environment. The present study was performed to study the changes occurring in proteomic profile related to immune system. Blood samples were collected in chronological sequence, including i) baseline control ii) during ship journey and iii) at Maitri (Antarctica), during the months of March, May, August and November. The sera samples collected were subjected to differential expression of protein analysis by 2D Gel electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF analysis. Catecholamine was also estimated as a measure of stress. Results of 2D gel and MALDI-TOF-TOF analysis revealed significantly increased level of Complement Factor 3 during ship journey and during peak winter in August. Further detailed analysis of complement pathway by ELISA revealed activation of complement system during the acute and chronic stress of Antarctica.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126989633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ascidian Ciona Intestinalis as Model Organism for Ecotoxicological Bioassays","authors":"Aless, ra Gallo, E. Tosti","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000E138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000E138","url":null,"abstract":"The increase of pollutants in the oceans as well as the global change around the world is having a negative impact on the biodiversity of living organisms. There is a crescent alarm in the scientific community for the different types of pollution (biological, chemical and physical) and for the changes occurring at the level of species and communities. Many parameters endangering marine wildlife contribute to create an unhealthy marine environment that induces reproductive disorders that, in turn, may influence even the survival of marine wildlife.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122014856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Summer Distribution of Dissolved Inorganic Iodine along 18ï°N in the South China Sea","authors":"A. Long, A. Dang, H. Xiao, X. Yu","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000169","url":null,"abstract":"Dissolved inorganic iodine (iodate and iodide) in seawater samples collected in the northern South China Sea (SCS) were investigated using differential pulse polarography and cathodic stripping square wave voltammetry, respectively. High concentration of iodide was observed in the surface layer in agreement with those previously reported for tropical waters. Iodine speciation and macro-nutrients were strongly coupled as observed in other tropical oceans. The vertical distributions of iodine and macro-nutrients can be classified into three biogeochemical regimes: (1) in the upper 50 m of the water column, low iodate was observed as nutrients were depleted and photosynthesis was low in summer. In contrast, substantial amount of iodide produced by high phytoplankton productivity and intense bacterial action in winter and spring was saved till summer; (2) in the water column between 50 m and the Tropical Water at around 150 m, the amount of iodide oxidation varied proportionally with nitrification, leading to rapid increase of nitrate and iodate with depth; (3) below the Tropical Water, iodate and nitrate are regenerated mainly due to re-mineralization of organic matter sinking from the euphotic zone. The distribution of dissolved inorganic iodine and hydrographic parameters (salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and macro-nutrients) were influenced by the downwelling of the mesoscale warm eddy.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126340767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardization of Fishing Effort in Qatar Fisheries: Methodology and Case Studies","authors":"C. Stamatopoulos, M. Abdallah","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000170","url":null,"abstract":"Regular statistical monitoring of fishing activities is a prerequisite for effective fisheries management. In the case of artisanal fisheries such a monitoring is often exercised by means of sample-based fisheries surveys in which catch and fishing effort (along with other basic variables) are estimated on the basis of samples relating to landings and boat-gear activity. In most cases the fishing fleet is heterogeneous and hence partitioned into boat-gear categories in each of which fishing units have similar characteristics and performance. Under this scheme catch/effort estimates are computed for each boat-gear category separately and independently of each other. It can then be assumed that in each boat-gear category fishing mortality is proportional to the total fishing effort exerted by all of its fishing units operating together. When it comes to measure the combined effect of the fishing operations of the entire fleet to the exploitation of a fish stock, it becomes apparent that adding together effort exerted by different boat-gear categories is not always meaningful without first applying effort adjustment to increase its comparability. There are various techniques for addressing such situations, the commonest of which is known as “standardization of fishing effort”. In Qatar the National Fisheries Information System (NFIS) has recently incorporated effort standardization routines that combine elements of the normalized relative effort (used by the North Sea Round Fish Working Group, ICES, 1980) with those of relative fishing power developed by Robson (1966). The document presents the methodology in use by NFIS for effort standardization as well as case studies using commercial catch/effort data directly obtained from NFIS. It is envisaged that the selected approach will be further refined in order to increase the role of catch/effort data in research and stock assessment applications.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126217674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chewing Lice: Tiny Insects in Raging Seas","authors":"M. Nasser","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000E137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000E137","url":null,"abstract":"Insects are the most dominant group of animals on earth. They were invading the land about 400 million years ago during Devonian Period [1]. From these days, they occupied their niches in every corner of our terrestrial ecosystems including some fresh water habitats. Ranging from very small snow flea Hypogastrura nivicola (Fitch, 1846) of order Collembola in Arctic to large three-horned rhinoceros beetle Chalcosoma moellenkampi Kolbe, 1900 of order Coleoptera in Borneo tropics, the insects had all extremes of behavioral, morphological and physiological features that help them to achieve such evolutionary success. Their impressive story based on many different factors such as: possessing wings, external skeleton and huge progeny [2], but they seemed to fail in marine ecosystem exams leaving the space to their crustacean cousins to dominate. Seas with their high salinity, rhythm tides, surges weather and raging waves stand agnist the spread of Hexapoda on the largest ecological habitat of our planet, but these never ban them to be there. Yes, there is a great absent of large insect groups in marine habitats [3] however on the background there are very tiny insects adaptive themselves in completely different way to be one of few representative of Class Insecta in our marine mega fauna. These are the chewing Lice. Chewing lice are ectoparasites of order Phthiraptera. They are very small insects that act as parasites of birds and mammals. With about 4000 species they form one of the most diverse parasitic insects on Hexapoda [4]. These insects are completely permanent ectoparasites that spend their entire life on the bodies of their hosts and they feed mainly on feathers, dry flakes of dead skin and other debris that available by their hosts [5]. These insects are completely adapted to their way of life as they are very small to hide through their hosts feathers or hairs and armed with characteristic chewing moth parts and hanging legs to firmly attach to hosts bodies. Such adaptation confirmed their ability to invade the marine life through the bodies of sea birds [6]. There are more than 1600 species and sub-species of chewing lice recorded from marine birds [7]. Beside their relative of sucking lice of Pinniped, they form the largest insect group in the marine ecosystem. They recorded from all orders of sea birds including: marine Anseriformes, Charadriiformes, marine Falconiformes, Pelecaniformes, Procellariiformes and Sphenisciformes (Figure 1). They also found through all of our seas and oceans from Carduiceps lapponicus Emerson, 1953 of Bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica (L., 1758) of Pacific Ocean [8], Saemundssonia hexagona (Giebel, 1874) of Red-tailed tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda Boddaert, 1783 from tropical coasts [9] to Austrogoniodes mawsoni Harrison, 1937 of Emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri Gray, 1844 from Antarctica seas [10]. The distribution pattern of chewing lice among sea birds varied greatly from cosmopolitan species such as","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121259645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Biomarkers in the Parablennius Incognitus Fish as Potential Contamination Indicators of the Bay of Sousse (Tunisia)","authors":"T. Gharred, Azza Naija, R. Bouali, Z. Haouas, B. Chénais","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000166","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress and histopathological biomarkers were investigated in the gills and liver of Parablennius incognitus fishes. Individuals sampled in the bay of Sousse were compared to fishes from a reference site, i.e. Ghdamsi Island (Tunisia). Severe biochemical and histological alterations were observed in fishes from Sousse bay and associated with urban discharges contamination. Several tissue alterations were also observed in gills, particularly lamellar epithelium detachment, disorganization of pillar cells, and hypertrophy of chloride cells. In the liver we noted particularly hypertrophy of hepatocytes, congestion and dilation of the central vein and sinusoid capillaries, pyknotic nucleus, and hepatic steatosis. The high reduction of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in gills and of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in the liver of contaminated fishes may explain the increase of lipoperoxidation in both organs of P. incognitus. The integrated biomarker response values found in individuals from the contaminated site were in good agreement with alteration of physico-chemical parameters and with the high level of Cd concentrations detected in water of the stressful place, i.e. the bay of Sousse. Oxidative stress and histopathological alterations were sensitive biomarkers to discriminate between fishes from the polluted Sousse bay site and those from the reference site, suggesting their potential utility in bio monitoring.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117117846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio Economic Status of Fisher Folks Engaged in Mussel Fishery at Kanyakumari District of Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"M. Mary, S. Kailasam, M. Jansi, J. Patterson","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000165","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to explore the extent of improvement due to mussel fishing in the ten sites of Kanyakumari district. As per our study the data on the percentage of fishermen involved in mussel fishery and their marital status, age status, income status, educational status, family status and housing pattern were collected through personal interview. Data regarding marital status show that 80.7% were married, 16.7% unmarried and 2.6% widower among fishermen involved in mussel fishery in Kanyakumari district. In case of age group, the fishermen involved in mussel fishery in Kanyakumari district revealed that 46% of them were in the age group of 40-50 followed by 50-60(24%) and 30-40(18%).The income status of the sample respondent varied and 55% of them earned Rs 5,000-15,000. Only 24% of them earn Rs 15,000-25,000 while other remains in other categories. In Kanyakumari district most of the fishermen (68.7%) involved in mussel fishery are illiterate and 26.6% are educated to primary level. Most of the fishermen involved in mussel fishery in Kanyakumari district have 2-6 members in their family (92.8%). When compared with four types of houses used by the fisher folks most of them (70%) were in semi pucca colony house. Based on our results it shows that the literacy level and awareness about education was very low around the fisherman. So it may b e suggested that more attention should be given to enhance the literacy level of the coastal population.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126100700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size and Growth of Cardiosoma armatum and Cardiosoma guanhumi as Ecological Parameters for Mangrove Ecosystem","authors":"E. I. Olalekan, A. Lawal-Are, Titilade Pr","doi":"10.4172/2155-9910.1000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9910.1000164","url":null,"abstract":"The Samples of Cardiosoma armatum and Cardiosoma guanhumi were collected from the Lagos Lagoon mangrove area of the University of Lagos. They were studied for their size composition and influence on growth pattern. A comparative analysis was done on both crabs. The carapace length of Cardiosoma armatum and Cardiosoma guanhumi examined ranges from 2.50 cm to 9.30 cm and 2.50 cm to 9.20 cm respectively. The carapace-width examined ranges from 2.70 cm to 9.40 cm and 2.80 cm to 9.40 cm respectively. The total weight of the Cardiosoma armatum ranges between 96.00 g and 290.00 g while Cardiosoma guanhumi ranges between 4.70 g and 295.00 g. The length- weight relationship of the two crabs showed low correlation value of 0.3378 and 0.2113 respectively. The Statistical T-test of the right and left chelipeds, the carapace length and carapace width of Cardiosoma armatum and Cardiosoma guanhumi showed that there were no statistical significances (p>0.05) between carapace length of both crabs. There are statistical significance (p<0.05) between carapace weight of both crabs collected in February, March, June and July. The statistical significance (p<0.05) between the right and left chelipeds of both crabs are highly recognized. This research study indicates almost similar biological features for both species and evidently shows that both crabs are important spotlight for mangrove habitat.","PeriodicalId":331621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114143571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}