espanolDental avulsion is a serious traumatic injury characterized by the complete expulsion of the tooth out of its alveolar socket. The response of dental personal to dental avulsion is very important and protocols on traumatic injury management should be known. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of knowledge of the management of dental avulsion of a representative group of dentists in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. 183 dentists participated in the cross-sectional survey. Results highlighted that 42% of the surveyed dentists said that they had received some, but minor, information on dental trauma management, and 74.8% of those surveyed are not familiar with the recommended IADT protocols on traumatic injury management. The majority of participating dentists have a poor understanding of dental avulsion management, in contrast to the dental specialists in the surveyed population; the latter are clearly better able to manage this injury. Therefore, it is recommended that dental trauma should be included in the academic program in university schools of dentistry in Ecuador. EnglishLa avulsion dental es una lesion traumatica grave caracterizada por la expulsion completa del diente fuera de su cavidad alveolar. La respuesta del personal dental a la avulsion dental es muy importante y se deben conocer los protocolos sobre el manejo de lesiones traumaticas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el grado de conocimiento de la gestion de la avulsion dental de un grupo representativo de dentistas en la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. 183 dentistas participaron en la encuesta transversal. Los resultados muestran que el 42% de los dentistas encuestados dijeron que habian recibido cierta informacion, aunque menor, sobre el manejo del trauma dental, y que el 74.8% de los encuestados no estan familiarizados con los protocolos recomendados de IADT sobre el manejo de lesiones traumaticas. La mayoria de los dentistas participantes tienen una mala comprension del manejo de la avulsion dental, en contraste con los especialistas dentales encuestados; los resultados indican que estos ultimos son mas capaces de manejar esta lesion. Por lo tanto, se recomienda que el trauma dental se incluya en el programa academico en las escuelas universitarias de odontologia del Ecuador.
牙撕脱是一种严重的外伤性损伤，其特征是牙齿完全脱离牙槽窝。牙科人员对牙齿撕脱伤的反应是非常重要的，创伤性损伤的处理方案应了解。本研究的目的是确定在昆卡市，厄瓜多尔牙医的代表性组的牙齿撕脱的管理知识的程度。183名牙医参加了横断面调查。结果显示，42%的受访牙医表示，他们收到过一些关于牙外伤管理的信息，但很少，74.8%的受访者不熟悉IADT推荐的创伤损伤管理方案。与接受调查的牙科专家相比，大部分参与调查的牙医对牙齿撕脱伤的管理了解较差;后者显然能够更好地处理这种伤害。因此，建议将牙外伤纳入厄瓜多尔大学牙科学院的学术课程。【英语】牙撕脱，牙损伤，牙外伤，牙槽腔，牙槽腔完全脱出。个人牙齿和撕脱牙的临床研究，对于临床治疗、治疗、治疗、创伤等具有重要意义。在厄瓜多尔昆卡市，183名牙科医生参加了该项目的横向研究。结果显示，有42%的患者为创伤性牙病患者，有42%的患者为创伤性牙病患者，有74.8%的患者为创伤性牙病患者，有74.8%的患者为创伤性牙病患者，有74.8%的患者为创伤性牙病患者，有74.8%的患者为创伤性牙病患者。La mayoria de los dentistas participantes tienen una malmalcomcomdel manejo de La撕脱牙，en对比los especalistas dentales encuestados;结果表明，该方法可用于诊断和诊断病变的最终病因。在厄瓜多尔，我们推荐的创伤牙科治疗方案包括厄瓜多尔牙科学大学的学术方案。
{"title":"Knowledge of dental avulsion management among dentists in Cuenca, Ecuador","authors":"Jaime Tapia-Calle, Katherine Pinos-Vélez","doi":"10.18537/MSKN.10.01.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18537/MSKN.10.01.05","url":null,"abstract":"espanolDental avulsion is a serious traumatic injury characterized by the complete expulsion of the tooth out of its alveolar socket. The response of dental personal to dental avulsion is very important and protocols on traumatic injury management should be known. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of knowledge of the management of dental avulsion of a representative group of dentists in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. 183 dentists participated in the cross-sectional survey. Results highlighted that 42% of the surveyed dentists said that they had received some, but minor, information on dental trauma management, and 74.8% of those surveyed are not familiar with the recommended IADT protocols on traumatic injury management. The majority of participating dentists have a poor understanding of dental avulsion management, in contrast to the dental specialists in the surveyed population; the latter are clearly better able to manage this injury. Therefore, it is recommended that dental trauma should be included in the academic program in university schools of dentistry in Ecuador. EnglishLa avulsion dental es una lesion traumatica grave caracterizada por la expulsion completa del diente fuera de su cavidad alveolar. La respuesta del personal dental a la avulsion dental es muy importante y se deben conocer los protocolos sobre el manejo de lesiones traumaticas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el grado de conocimiento de la gestion de la avulsion dental de un grupo representativo de dentistas en la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. 183 dentistas participaron en la encuesta transversal. Los resultados muestran que el 42% de los dentistas encuestados dijeron que habian recibido cierta informacion, aunque menor, sobre el manejo del trauma dental, y que el 74.8% de los encuestados no estan familiarizados con los protocolos recomendados de IADT sobre el manejo de lesiones traumaticas. La mayoria de los dentistas participantes tienen una mala comprension del manejo de la avulsion dental, en contraste con los especialistas dentales encuestados; los resultados indican que estos ultimos son mas capaces de manejar esta lesion. Por lo tanto, se recomienda que el trauma dental se incluya en el programa academico en las escuelas universitarias de odontologia del Ecuador.","PeriodicalId":33189,"journal":{"name":"Maskana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48814206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silvia Guevara-Castro, Elena Jerves-Hermida, Ana Cevallos-Neira
The adolescent's coital behavior is constituted by vaginal, oral and anal intercourse. However, in the literature, the last two are poorly addressed or, in certain cases, unknown, especially in the study of adolescent sexual behavior. For this reason, the objective of this study was to explore the different types of coital behavior in adolescents and to visualize possible differences according to socio-demographic factors: sex, age, religious belief, parental migration. The research was carried out in Cuenca, with a sample of 2051 school-aged adolescents (15 to 19 years old). The sample was randomly established. The instrument used was the self-administered questionnaire "Human Sexuality Questionnaire" (Zuckerman, 1998). The results show that 61% of the participants reported not having had any type of intercourse. Among those who have had intercourse, vaginal intercourse was the most frequent type (36%), followed by oral intercourse (25%) and anal intercourse (19%). The frequency of intercourse was greater in men than in women; but it increased in both groups according to age. In women, vaginal intercourse was lower among those who practiced some religious belief. The present re-search evidences that adolescents who express having had coital relationships, indicate to have been involved in the different types of intercourse: oral, anal and vaginal; and its visualization provides guidelines to understand it as part of the adolescent's sexual development and to include these as necessary elements in the generation of sex education programs based on their context.
{"title":"Comportamiento coital de adolescentes por características demográficas: Un estudio exploratorio en Ecuador","authors":"Silvia Guevara-Castro, Elena Jerves-Hermida, Ana Cevallos-Neira","doi":"10.18537/MSKN.10.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18537/MSKN.10.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"The adolescent's coital behavior is constituted by vaginal, oral and anal intercourse. However, in the literature, the last two are poorly addressed or, in certain cases, unknown, especially in the study of adolescent sexual behavior. For this reason, the objective of this study was to explore the different types of coital behavior in adolescents and to visualize possible differences according to socio-demographic factors: sex, age, religious belief, parental migration. The research was carried out in Cuenca, with a sample of 2051 school-aged adolescents (15 to 19 years old). The sample was randomly established. The instrument used was the self-administered questionnaire \"Human Sexuality Questionnaire\" (Zuckerman, 1998). The results show that 61% of the participants reported not having had any type of intercourse. Among those who have had intercourse, vaginal intercourse was the most frequent type (36%), followed by oral intercourse (25%) and anal intercourse (19%). The frequency of intercourse was greater in men than in women; but it increased in both groups according to age. In women, vaginal intercourse was lower among those who practiced some religious belief. The present re-search evidences that adolescents who express having had coital relationships, indicate to have been involved in the different types of intercourse: oral, anal and vaginal; and its visualization provides guidelines to understand it as part of the adolescent's sexual development and to include these as necessary elements in the generation of sex education programs based on their context.","PeriodicalId":33189,"journal":{"name":"Maskana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45462149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thymectomy as part of Myasthenia Gravis treatment has proved to produce total or partial clinical remissions. But almost always, parameters to measure this outcome were quantitative, as amount of medication, presence or absence of symptoms. Very important factors of the psychosocial field as real determinants of quality of life after surgery in this kind of patients have been less investigated. Thereto, we performed a retrospective qualitative study to know the quality of life improvement after thymectomy in non-thymomatous Myasthenia Gravis patients. Seventeen patients in the period January 2003 to December 2013 met the inclusion criteria: extended thymectomy, Myasthenia Gravis confirmed, non-thymomatous, over 18 years-old. We applied the SF-36 questionnaire and the collected data were tabulated and analysed with SPSS 22.0. The Wilcoxon test for non-parametric data was used to investigate any change in the quality of life after surgery. Quantitative surgical outcome of these patients was: 52.9% had significant clinical improvement according to the Oosterhuis scale (total remission = 5, mild symptoms = 3, mild disability = 1), of which 17.6% had complete stable remission without medication and 35.2% had pharmacological remission with low doses. All dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire improved their median value after thymectomy, with p<0.05. It seems that there is an improvement of quality of life in patients suffering Myasthenia Gravis after extended thymectomy.
{"title":"Mejoras en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con Miastenia Gravis sin timoma intervenidos con timectomía videotoracoscópica","authors":"Nathalie Pinos-Vélez, M. Congregado","doi":"10.18537/MSKN.10.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18537/MSKN.10.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Thymectomy as part of Myasthenia Gravis treatment has proved to produce total or partial clinical remissions. But almost always, parameters to measure this outcome were quantitative, as amount of medication, presence or absence of symptoms. Very important factors of the psychosocial field as real determinants of quality of life after surgery in this kind of patients have been less investigated. Thereto, we performed a retrospective qualitative study to know the quality of life improvement after thymectomy in non-thymomatous Myasthenia Gravis patients. Seventeen patients in the period January 2003 to December 2013 met the inclusion criteria: extended thymectomy, Myasthenia Gravis confirmed, non-thymomatous, over 18 years-old. We applied the SF-36 questionnaire and the collected data were tabulated and analysed with SPSS 22.0. The Wilcoxon test for non-parametric data was used to investigate any change in the quality of life after surgery. Quantitative surgical outcome of these patients was: 52.9% had significant clinical improvement according to the Oosterhuis scale (total remission = 5, mild symptoms = 3, mild disability = 1), of which 17.6% had complete stable remission without medication and 35.2% had pharmacological remission with low doses. All dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire improved their median value after thymectomy, with p<0.05. It seems that there is an improvement of quality of life in patients suffering Myasthenia Gravis after extended thymectomy.","PeriodicalId":33189,"journal":{"name":"Maskana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43624105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Abad, Juanita Argudo, Tammy Fajardo-Dack, H. Cabrera
This study examines the relationship between individual factors such as age, learning opportunities, and motivation and English language proficiency of pre-service EFL student-teachers. A background questionnaire and an English proficiency test were given to 121 student-teachers. The results revealed that the majority of participants have a low English proficiency which is not likely to improve at the end of the teaching program and that third language learning as well as integrative motivation are strong predictors of language proficiency. Qualitatively, respondents described their reasons for having English language difficulties and for their integrative and instrumental motivation, which complemented the quantitative data. Suggestions for pedagogical practice that might improve the situation are given.
{"title":"English proficiency and learner individual differences: A study of pre-service EFL student-teachers","authors":"M. Abad, Juanita Argudo, Tammy Fajardo-Dack, H. Cabrera","doi":"10.18537/MSKN.10.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18537/MSKN.10.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationship between individual factors such as age, learning opportunities, and motivation and English language proficiency of pre-service EFL student-teachers. A background questionnaire and an English proficiency test were given to 121 student-teachers. The results revealed that the majority of participants have a low English proficiency which is not likely to improve at the end of the teaching program and that third language learning as well as integrative motivation are strong predictors of language proficiency. Qualitatively, respondents described their reasons for having English language difficulties and for their integrative and instrumental motivation, which complemented the quantitative data. Suggestions for pedagogical practice that might improve the situation are given.","PeriodicalId":33189,"journal":{"name":"Maskana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47365364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
espanolVarios estudios a nivel de America Latina evidencian que la participacion de las mujeres en cargos de direccion aun es escasa, a pesar de la existencia de un amplio marco legal que garantiza su participacion en igualdad de oportunidades. En la provincia del Azuay existe limitada informacion, especificamente, en organizaciones de produccion agricola de tipo asociativo. Por tal razon, el presente articulo tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia y capacidad explicativa de la variable socio-demografica sexo en la variable socio-laboral cargo de representantes de las directivas y personas empleadas en organizaciones agricolas. La investigacion se realizo desde un enfoque cuantitativo y se utilizo el Cuestionario Multifactorial de Sostenibilidad Organizacional Agroecologica (MSOA), aplicado a sus representantes. Los resultados evidenciaron que los hombres se desempenan en cargos de presidencia y administracion, en tanto, que las mujeres lo hacen en cargos de tesoreria, secretaria y contabilidad; comprobandose la hipotesis planteada. EnglishSeveral studies in Latin America show that the participation of women in management positions is still scarce, despite the existence of a broad legal framework that guarantees their participation in equal opportunities. In the province of Azuay there is limited information, specifically, in associative agricultural production organizations. For this reason, the present article aims to analyze the influence and explanatory capacity of the socio-demographic variable sex in the socio-labor variable, charge of representatives of the directives and people employed in agricultural organizations. The research was carried out from a quantitative approach and the Multifactorial Agroecological Sustainability Organizational Questionnaire (MSOA), applied to its representatives, was used. The results showed that men work in positions of presidency and administration, while women do it in treasury, secretarial and accounting positions; checking the hypothesis.
{"title":"Mujeres y su aporte al desarrollo local: Una mirada desde los cargos directivos","authors":"Sonia Sigüenza, A. Mendoza, Gabriela Álava","doi":"10.18537/MSKN.10.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18537/MSKN.10.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"espanolVarios estudios a nivel de America Latina evidencian que la participacion de las mujeres en cargos de direccion aun es escasa, a pesar de la existencia de un amplio marco legal que garantiza su participacion en igualdad de oportunidades. En la provincia del Azuay existe limitada informacion, especificamente, en organizaciones de produccion agricola de tipo asociativo. Por tal razon, el presente articulo tiene como objetivo analizar la influencia y capacidad explicativa de la variable socio-demografica sexo en la variable socio-laboral cargo de representantes de las directivas y personas empleadas en organizaciones agricolas. La investigacion se realizo desde un enfoque cuantitativo y se utilizo el Cuestionario Multifactorial de Sostenibilidad Organizacional Agroecologica (MSOA), aplicado a sus representantes. Los resultados evidenciaron que los hombres se desempenan en cargos de presidencia y administracion, en tanto, que las mujeres lo hacen en cargos de tesoreria, secretaria y contabilidad; comprobandose la hipotesis planteada. EnglishSeveral studies in Latin America show that the participation of women in management positions is still scarce, despite the existence of a broad legal framework that guarantees their participation in equal opportunities. In the province of Azuay there is limited information, specifically, in associative agricultural production organizations. For this reason, the present article aims to analyze the influence and explanatory capacity of the socio-demographic variable sex in the socio-labor variable, charge of representatives of the directives and people employed in agricultural organizations. The research was carried out from a quantitative approach and the Multifactorial Agroecological Sustainability Organizational Questionnaire (MSOA), applied to its representatives, was used. The results showed that men work in positions of presidency and administration, while women do it in treasury, secretarial and accounting positions; checking the hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":33189,"journal":{"name":"Maskana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44812449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
espanolSpodoptera frugiperda es un insecto considerado como una plaga primaria de cultivos de maiz. Esta especie polifaga, incluida en el grupo de los comunmente conocidos como gusanos cogolleros, es considerada una plaga, de efectos economicos de importancia, en varios paises del continente americano. En el maiz, estas larvas causan danos desde el estado de plantula hasta la etapa de pre-madurez. Sin embargo, la identificacion de los lepidopteros normalmente se realiza en base a la morfologia de los adultos y, por lo tanto, las larvas tienen que criarse hasta el estado adulto para su identificacion. Actualmente, el uso de herramientas moleculares como la PCR, basada en secuencias de ADN mitocondrial o nuclear, son utilizadas para identificacion inequivoca de plagas o biotipos a partir de larvas. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue identificar, a nivel molecular por analisis de PCR, la presencia de la especie S. frugiperda en cultivos de maiz blanco en el Sur del Ecuador. Para el efecto se colectaron un total de 360 larvas en 36 sitios distribuidos en tres provincias: 18 en Azuay, 12 en Canar y 6 en Loja, entre los meses de enero a marzo de 2015. La identificacion molecular se realizo con primers especificos para S. frugiperda a nivel del gen mitocondrial de la subunidad 1 citocromo oxidasa (COI) I. Como resultado se generaron amplificaciones de pesos moleculares de aproximadamente 500 pb correspondientes a S. frugiperda. Esta caracterizacion molecular es, a nuestro conocimiento, la primera que se realiza para el Austro del Ecuador. EnglishSpodoptera frugiperda is an insect pest of corn. This polyphagous species is included within the group of the armyworms, considered pests of economic importance in several countries of America. In corn, these larvae cause damage from the seedling to pre-ripeness stages. Identification of Lepidoptera is usually based on the morphology of adults, meaning that larvae must reach adulthood for their identification. Nevertheless, the larval period is the stage that causes mayor damage in corn. Currently, the use of molecular tools such as PCR, based on mitochondrial or nuclear DNA sequences, has been used for unambiguous identification of pests or biotypes from larvae. The objective of this study was to identify the presence of S. frugiperda species in white corn crops in the South of Ecuador at molecular level. For this, we used a PCR analysis with specific primers for S. frugiperda at the level of the mitochondrial gene of subunit 1 cytochrome oxidase (COI) I. A total of 360 larvae were collected in 36 sites distributed in three provinces: 18 in Azuay, 12 in Canar and 6 in Loja, between January and March 2015. As a result, amplifications of molecular weights of approximately 500 pb corresponding to S. frugiperda were generated. This molecular characterization is, to our knowledge, the first one performed for the Austro of Ecuador.
西班牙spodoptera frugiperda是一种被认为是玉米作物主要害虫的昆虫。这种多食性物种，包括在通常被称为cogolleros蠕虫的群体中，在美洲大陆的几个国家被认为是一种具有重要经济影响的害虫。在玉米中，这些幼虫从幼苗状态到成熟前阶段都造成损害。然而，鳞翅目的鉴定通常是基于成虫的形态，因此，幼虫必须繁殖到成虫状态才能被鉴定。目前，利用分子工具，如基于线粒体或核dna序列的PCR，用于从幼虫中明确识别害虫或生物类型。本研究的目的是通过PCR分析，在分子水平上鉴定厄瓜多尔南部白玉米中存在的frugiperda种。在2015年1月至3月期间，在Azuay省的36个地点共采集了360只幼虫，其中18只在Azuay省，12只在Canar省，6只在Loja省。利用特异性引物在线粒体基因亚基1细胞色素氧化酶(COI) i水平上进行分子鉴定，扩增了约500 bp的frugiperda分子重量。这种分子特征，据我们所知，是对赤道南部进行的第一次研究。它的自然栖息地是亚热带或热带潮湿的低地森林。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，该镇的土地面积为。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的总面积为，其中土地和(0.964平方公里)水。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的总面积为，其中土地和(2.641平方公里)水。然而，幼虫期是玉米造成重大损害的阶段。目前，利用基于线粒体或核DNA序列的PCR等分子工具，已用于从幼虫中明确鉴定害虫或生物型。The目标of this study was to确定The在场s . frugiperda species in white玉米作物分子in The South of厄瓜多尔at level。For this, we的PCR分析特别primers For s . frugiperda at the level of the mitochondrial吉恩of subunit 1 cytochrome oxidase(国际奥委会)共计360 larvae是指导开展36 sites distributed三如此:18、6、12 in Canar and in Loja, 2015年1月与3月。因此，产生了与frugiperda相对应的约500 bp的分子重量扩增。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查，这个县的面积为。
{"title":"Identificación molecular por PCR del gusano cogollero en el Sur del Ecuador","authors":"Patricio Castro-Quezada, Norma Quillay-Curay, Catalina Bravo-Zúñiga","doi":"10.18537/MSKN.10.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18537/MSKN.10.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"espanolSpodoptera frugiperda es un insecto considerado como una plaga primaria de cultivos de maiz. Esta especie polifaga, incluida en el grupo de los comunmente conocidos como gusanos cogolleros, es considerada una plaga, de efectos economicos de importancia, en varios paises del continente americano. En el maiz, estas larvas causan danos desde el estado de plantula hasta la etapa de pre-madurez. Sin embargo, la identificacion de los lepidopteros normalmente se realiza en base a la morfologia de los adultos y, por lo tanto, las larvas tienen que criarse hasta el estado adulto para su identificacion. Actualmente, el uso de herramientas moleculares como la PCR, basada en secuencias de ADN mitocondrial o nuclear, son utilizadas para identificacion inequivoca de plagas o biotipos a partir de larvas. El objetivo de esta investigacion fue identificar, a nivel molecular por analisis de PCR, la presencia de la especie S. frugiperda en cultivos de maiz blanco en el Sur del Ecuador. Para el efecto se colectaron un total de 360 larvas en 36 sitios distribuidos en tres provincias: 18 en Azuay, 12 en Canar y 6 en Loja, entre los meses de enero a marzo de 2015. La identificacion molecular se realizo con primers especificos para S. frugiperda a nivel del gen mitocondrial de la subunidad 1 citocromo oxidasa (COI) I. Como resultado se generaron amplificaciones de pesos moleculares de aproximadamente 500 pb correspondientes a S. frugiperda. Esta caracterizacion molecular es, a nuestro conocimiento, la primera que se realiza para el Austro del Ecuador. EnglishSpodoptera frugiperda is an insect pest of corn. This polyphagous species is included within the group of the armyworms, considered pests of economic importance in several countries of America. In corn, these larvae cause damage from the seedling to pre-ripeness stages. Identification of Lepidoptera is usually based on the morphology of adults, meaning that larvae must reach adulthood for their identification. Nevertheless, the larval period is the stage that causes mayor damage in corn. Currently, the use of molecular tools such as PCR, based on mitochondrial or nuclear DNA sequences, has been used for unambiguous identification of pests or biotypes from larvae. The objective of this study was to identify the presence of S. frugiperda species in white corn crops in the South of Ecuador at molecular level. For this, we used a PCR analysis with specific primers for S. frugiperda at the level of the mitochondrial gene of subunit 1 cytochrome oxidase (COI) I. A total of 360 larvae were collected in 36 sites distributed in three provinces: 18 in Azuay, 12 in Canar and 6 in Loja, between January and March 2015. As a result, amplifications of molecular weights of approximately 500 pb corresponding to S. frugiperda were generated. This molecular characterization is, to our knowledge, the first one performed for the Austro of Ecuador.","PeriodicalId":33189,"journal":{"name":"Maskana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47188566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the hydrological state of the art that could be useful for a climate-diverse region, such as Manabi province in Ecuador. The province, with an area of 18,940 km2, has a variety of tropical and dry climates. First, a review of the climatic conditions of the study area is carried out, since different sources disagree to some extent regarding climate types; then, a critical assessment of the relevant hydrologic literature is carried out. Here it is found that the literature best-suited for the conditions of Manabi includes literature for semi-arid, savannah and humid tropical hydrology. Several research gaps are found, but also a significant body of knowledge that could serve as a base for future studies. It should be noted that much of the available literature was obtained with vegetation and soil conditions that might differ from those of Manabi. Therefore, it is essential that findings from abroad are contrasted with results obtained in Manabi. Understanding of the hydrological functioning of the study area could contribute to the hydrologic literature for semi-arid, savannah and humid tropic climates.
{"title":"A province with several climates: What knowledge of hydrology can be useful? A literature review","authors":"Andy Giler-Ormaza","doi":"10.18537/MSKN.09.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18537/MSKN.09.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the hydrological state of the art that could be useful for a climate-diverse region, such as Manabi province in Ecuador. The province, with an area of 18,940 km2, has a variety of tropical and dry climates. First, a review of the climatic conditions of the study area is carried out, since different sources disagree to some extent regarding climate types; then, a critical assessment of the relevant hydrologic literature is carried out. Here it is found that the literature best-suited for the conditions of Manabi includes literature for semi-arid, savannah and humid tropical hydrology. Several research gaps are found, but also a significant body of knowledge that could serve as a base for future studies. It should be noted that much of the available literature was obtained with vegetation and soil conditions that might differ from those of Manabi. Therefore, it is essential that findings from abroad are contrasted with results obtained in Manabi. Understanding of the hydrological functioning of the study area could contribute to the hydrologic literature for semi-arid, savannah and humid tropic climates.","PeriodicalId":33189,"journal":{"name":"Maskana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44052920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Tenelanda-Patiño, Patricio Crespo-Sánchez, Giovanny Mosquera-Rojas
Soil and vegetation cover play a critical role in the hydrology of the Andean Paramo generating runoff primarily by shallow subsurface flow. Understanding the dynamics of soil moisture response under pristine vegetation cover during rainfall events is essential for water resource planning considering the increasing anthropogenic pressure. Hence, this study focuses on the evaluation of the factors and thresholds controlling maximum changes in soil moisture (Δθmax) during rainfall events and their dynamics during different wetness conditions (from dry to wet). To determine the factors controlling Δθmax, a nonparametric Spearman correlation coefficient test was applied. We found that the factors controlling Δθmax were the precipitated volume, intensity, moisture conditions just before the event and the 5- and 15-days antecedent weather conditions. The threshold analysis shows a response of increase or decrease as function of moisture state, topographic position and soil layer depth. This study demonstrates that under pristine Andean Paramo vegetation precipitation, antecedent moisture and weather conditions determine to a significant degree the soil moisture status affecting subsequently hillslope connectivity and hydrologic functioning.
{"title":"Umbrales en la respuesta de humedad del suelo a condiciones meteorológicas en una ladera Altoandina","authors":"Daniel Tenelanda-Patiño, Patricio Crespo-Sánchez, Giovanny Mosquera-Rojas","doi":"10.18537/MSKN.09.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18537/MSKN.09.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"Soil and vegetation cover play a critical role in the hydrology of the Andean Paramo generating runoff primarily by shallow subsurface flow. Understanding the dynamics of soil moisture response under pristine vegetation cover during rainfall events is essential for water resource planning considering the increasing anthropogenic pressure. Hence, this study focuses on the evaluation of the factors and thresholds controlling maximum changes in soil moisture (Δθmax) during rainfall events and their dynamics during different wetness conditions (from dry to wet). To determine the factors controlling Δθmax, a nonparametric Spearman correlation coefficient test was applied. We found that the factors controlling Δθmax were the precipitated volume, intensity, moisture conditions just before the event and the 5- and 15-days antecedent weather conditions. The threshold analysis shows a response of increase or decrease as function of moisture state, topographic position and soil layer depth. This study demonstrates that under pristine Andean Paramo vegetation precipitation, antecedent moisture and weather conditions determine to a significant degree the soil moisture status affecting subsequently hillslope connectivity and hydrologic functioning.","PeriodicalId":33189,"journal":{"name":"Maskana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47719529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
espanolEl presente articulo aborda la evolucion de dos teorias como la Estrategia del Oceano Azul (EOA) que inicia en el 2005 y manifiesta que el sector empresarial no deberia enfocarse en la competencia destructiva, sino ampliar sus horizontes de mercado mediante la innovacion; seguido del analisis de la Base de la Piramide Economica (BDP) que nace en el 2002, brindando la oportunidad de inclusion social a la poblacion con menores ingresos, dando inicio a la introduccion del Negocio Inclusivo (NI) en el ano 2005. Actualmente, estas dos teorias se manejan en el ambito empresarial, pero no existe una articulacion de las mismas, provocando que no se pueda identificar una similitud o diferencia, el articulo encontro varios elementos que permiten reconocer la relacion entre la EOA y el NI del reciclaje tomando como punto de referencia la ciudad de Cuenca. La metodologia utilizada fue un analisis cualitativo mediante revision literaria con clasificacion exhaustiva para un entendimiento global del contenido. La investigacion arroja elementos comunes identificados en la EOA y los NI, concluyendo en el reconocimiento de una relacion existente, considerando que el NI es una EOA permitiendo ser aplicable en varias industrias. EnglishThis article presents the evolution of two theories: Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) that begins in 2005 and shows that the corporate sector should not focus in a destructive competition, but extend its market horizons, through the innovation; followed by an Economic Base Pyramid analysis (EBP) that begins in 2002, giving a social inclusion opportunity for low income population, starting with the introduction of an Inclusion Business (IB) in the year 2005. Currently, these two theories work in a corporate sector but there is not any articulation for them; for this reason, we are not able to identify similarities or differences. The article founds many elements that allow us to recognize the relationship between BOS and IB of recycling business, taking the city of Cuenca as a benchmark. The methodology used was a qualitative analysis through a literary review with a comprehensive classification to get a global understanding of this content. This research gives common elements identified in BOS and IB, and we concluded that there exists a relationship between them; considering that IB is a BOS it can be applied in many industries.
{"title":"La Estrategia del Océano Azul y su relación con el Negocio Inclusivo del reciclaje en la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador","authors":"G. López, Lourdes S. Carvallo, José S. Jimbo","doi":"10.18537/MSKN.09.02.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18537/MSKN.09.02.03","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEl presente articulo aborda la evolucion de dos teorias como la Estrategia del Oceano Azul (EOA) que inicia en el 2005 y manifiesta que el sector empresarial no deberia enfocarse en la competencia destructiva, sino ampliar sus horizontes de mercado mediante la innovacion; seguido del analisis de la Base de la Piramide Economica (BDP) que nace en el 2002, brindando la oportunidad de inclusion social a la poblacion con menores ingresos, dando inicio a la introduccion del Negocio Inclusivo (NI) en el ano 2005. Actualmente, estas dos teorias se manejan en el ambito empresarial, pero no existe una articulacion de las mismas, provocando que no se pueda identificar una similitud o diferencia, el articulo encontro varios elementos que permiten reconocer la relacion entre la EOA y el NI del reciclaje tomando como punto de referencia la ciudad de Cuenca. La metodologia utilizada fue un analisis cualitativo mediante revision literaria con clasificacion exhaustiva para un entendimiento global del contenido. La investigacion arroja elementos comunes identificados en la EOA y los NI, concluyendo en el reconocimiento de una relacion existente, considerando que el NI es una EOA permitiendo ser aplicable en varias industrias. EnglishThis article presents the evolution of two theories: Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) that begins in 2005 and shows that the corporate sector should not focus in a destructive competition, but extend its market horizons, through the innovation; followed by an Economic Base Pyramid analysis (EBP) that begins in 2002, giving a social inclusion opportunity for low income population, starting with the introduction of an Inclusion Business (IB) in the year 2005. Currently, these two theories work in a corporate sector but there is not any articulation for them; for this reason, we are not able to identify similarities or differences. The article founds many elements that allow us to recognize the relationship between BOS and IB of recycling business, taking the city of Cuenca as a benchmark. The methodology used was a qualitative analysis through a literary review with a comprehensive classification to get a global understanding of this content. This research gives common elements identified in BOS and IB, and we concluded that there exists a relationship between them; considering that IB is a BOS it can be applied in many industries.","PeriodicalId":33189,"journal":{"name":"Maskana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41596410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Currently, cadmium bioaccumulation in fish is increasing and is a concern due to toxicity. This research is intended to define the Cadmium concentration in 36 samples of fresh tuna and canning, respectively from the Caraguay Market in the city of Guayaquil, the fishing port Santa Rosa (PPSR), and canned tuna for national consumption and export. The cadmium concentration in the tissue of the collected tuna samples was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Levels of cadmium concentration in the analyzed samples were compared to the national regulation norm NTE INEN 183 and 184, and the European Union regulation norm No 488/2014. According to those norms the maximum permissible cadmium content in foodstuff might not exceed 0.10 ppm Cd. In canned tuna for national consumption we found concentrations of 0.441±0.046 ppm Cd and in the canned tuna for export the cadmium level varied around 0.297±0.109 ppm; differences were however not statistically significant (p>0.05). Similarly, the Cd concentrations in fresh tuna of the species Katsuwonus pelamis was 0.385±0.174 ppm and of the species Thunnus albacares 0.295±0.187 ppm in the market of Caraguay. In contrast, Cd concentrations in tuna from the PPSR were much lower: 0.079 ± 0.061 ppm Cd and 0.030 ± 0.050 for Katsuwonus pelamis and Thunnus albacares, respectively. 66% of the analyzed samples exceeded the permissible limits of Cd according national and international standards. It is recommended to maintain a permanent health surveillance of tuna in Ecuador.
{"title":"Niveles de cadmio en atún fresco y enlatado para consumo humano en Ecuador","authors":"E. Flores, W. Pozo, Beatriz Pernía, W. Sanchez","doi":"10.18537/MSKN.09.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18537/MSKN.09.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, cadmium bioaccumulation in fish is increasing and is a concern due to toxicity. This research is intended to define the Cadmium concentration in 36 samples of fresh tuna and canning, respectively from the Caraguay Market in the city of Guayaquil, the fishing port Santa Rosa (PPSR), and canned tuna for national consumption and export. The cadmium concentration in the tissue of the collected tuna samples was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Levels of cadmium concentration in the analyzed samples were compared to the national regulation norm NTE INEN 183 and 184, and the European Union regulation norm No 488/2014. According to those norms the maximum permissible cadmium content in foodstuff might not exceed 0.10 ppm Cd. In canned tuna for national consumption we found concentrations of 0.441±0.046 ppm Cd and in the canned tuna for export the cadmium level varied around 0.297±0.109 ppm; differences were however not statistically significant (p>0.05). Similarly, the Cd concentrations in fresh tuna of the species Katsuwonus pelamis was 0.385±0.174 ppm and of the species Thunnus albacares 0.295±0.187 ppm in the market of Caraguay. In contrast, Cd concentrations in tuna from the PPSR were much lower: 0.079 ± 0.061 ppm Cd and 0.030 ± 0.050 for Katsuwonus pelamis and Thunnus albacares, respectively. 66% of the analyzed samples exceeded the permissible limits of Cd according national and international standards. It is recommended to maintain a permanent health surveillance of tuna in Ecuador.","PeriodicalId":33189,"journal":{"name":"Maskana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45303270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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