Mestastatic prostate cancer cells (MPCCs) frequently metastasize to bone, which is a “favorite soil” for colonization and proliferation of MPCCs. Prostate cancer bone mestastasis is tightly associated with tumor-induced bone lesions, most commonly caused from (1) the etiological imbalance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption and from (2) the anti-tumor immune response. Therefore, understanding of prostate cancer biology and prostate cancer bone metastasis has led to the establishment of drug development programs for treatment of the patients with bone metastasis. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) controls systemic body fluid circulation; nonetheless, the existence of a local RAS in tumors has been reported. Importantly, the local RAS has recently emerged as a potential regulator of tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. This review summarizes and dissects the critical roles of the local RAS in promoting (1) progression of metastatic prostate cancer, and (2) development and progression of PCa bone metastasis, thereby providing multiple solutions for the potential therapeutic intervention.
{"title":"Roles of renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of prostate cancer bone metastasis: a critical review","authors":"","doi":"10.32948/auo.2021.10.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32948/auo.2021.10.20","url":null,"abstract":"Mestastatic prostate cancer cells (MPCCs) frequently metastasize to bone, which is a “favorite soil” for colonization and proliferation of MPCCs. Prostate cancer bone mestastasis is tightly associated with tumor-induced bone lesions, most commonly caused from (1) the etiological imbalance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption and from (2) the anti-tumor immune response. Therefore, understanding of prostate cancer biology and prostate cancer bone metastasis has led to the establishment of drug development programs for treatment of the patients with bone metastasis. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) controls systemic body fluid circulation; nonetheless, the existence of a local RAS in tumors has been reported. Importantly, the local RAS has recently emerged as a potential regulator of tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. This review summarizes and dissects the critical roles of the local RAS in promoting (1) progression of metastatic prostate cancer, and (2) development and progression of PCa bone metastasis, thereby providing multiple solutions for the potential therapeutic intervention.","PeriodicalId":33190,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Urologic Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45405108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veda Murthy Reddy Pogula, Ershad Hussain Galeti, Bhargava Reddy Kanchiv, I. Ahmad, Ayesha Galeti
Hydatid disease is caused by Echinococcus granulosus, which causes rare isolated presentation in the kidneys, and is estimated to be about 2-4% of all cases. We herein present a case of a 45-year-old symptomatic male patient with a large primary hydatid cyst in the left kidney that was treated successfully by laparoscopic left nephrectomy.
{"title":"Isolated large renal hydatid cyst treated by laparoscopic nephrectomy","authors":"Veda Murthy Reddy Pogula, Ershad Hussain Galeti, Bhargava Reddy Kanchiv, I. Ahmad, Ayesha Galeti","doi":"10.32948/auo.2021.08.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32948/auo.2021.08.16","url":null,"abstract":"Hydatid disease is caused by Echinococcus granulosus, which causes rare isolated presentation in the kidneys, and is estimated to be about 2-4% of all cases. We herein present a case of a 45-year-old symptomatic male patient with a large primary hydatid cyst in the left kidney that was treated successfully by laparoscopic left nephrectomy.","PeriodicalId":33190,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Urologic Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44022936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Jagtap, Swati S. Jagtap, P. Kaur, Snigdha Vartak
Urinary bladder cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide.Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is an uncommon subtype of urinary bladder carcinoma.It is a malignant epithelial neoplasm arising in the urinary bladder demonstrating a pure squamous cell phenotype. On histopathology it is considered when tumor is showing pure squamous morphology without any component of conventional urothelial carcinoma. The SCC is a histologically distinct form of cancer. It arises from the uncontrolled multiplication of cells showing particular cytological or tissue architectural characteristics of squamous cell differentiation, such as the presence of keratin, tonofilament bundles or desmosomes. Majority of bladder SCC are high grade, high stage tumors with most cancers having muscle invasion at the time of diagnosis while overall about 80% of bladder cancers are non-muscle invasive bladder cancer at diagnosis.COX-2 is markedly expressed in all SCCs. An increased COX-2 level induces the development of SCC of the bladder affecting many biological features of this tissue including apoptosis, cell adhesion, angiogenesis and invasiveness.TERT promoter mutations, commonly found in conventional urothelial carcinoma, are also highly prevalent in urinary bladder squamous cell carcinoma suggesting a common tumorgenesis and potential utility as a molecular urine-based-screening assay.This review summarizes the current features related to clinical , pathological, and molecular features of SCC of urinary bladder.
{"title":"Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: Clinicopathological and Molecular Update","authors":"S. Jagtap, Swati S. Jagtap, P. Kaur, Snigdha Vartak","doi":"10.32948/auo.2021.10.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32948/auo.2021.10.11","url":null,"abstract":"Urinary bladder cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide.Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is an uncommon subtype of urinary bladder carcinoma.It is a malignant epithelial neoplasm arising in the urinary bladder demonstrating a pure squamous cell phenotype. On histopathology it is considered when tumor is showing pure squamous morphology without any component of conventional urothelial carcinoma. The SCC is a histologically distinct form of cancer. It arises from the uncontrolled multiplication of cells showing particular cytological or tissue architectural characteristics of squamous cell differentiation, such as the presence of keratin, tonofilament bundles or desmosomes. Majority of bladder SCC are high grade, high stage tumors with most cancers having muscle invasion at the time of diagnosis while overall about 80% of bladder cancers are non-muscle invasive bladder cancer at diagnosis.COX-2 is markedly expressed in all SCCs. An increased COX-2 level induces the development of SCC of the bladder affecting many biological features of this tissue including apoptosis, cell adhesion, angiogenesis and invasiveness.TERT promoter mutations, commonly found in conventional urothelial carcinoma, are also highly prevalent in urinary bladder squamous cell carcinoma suggesting a common tumorgenesis and potential utility as a molecular urine-based-screening assay.This review summarizes the current features related to clinical , pathological, and molecular features of SCC of urinary bladder.","PeriodicalId":33190,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Urologic Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47303575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Manne, Solomon Nazareth, Pavithra Vittalraj, S. Sundaram, S. Krishnamoorthy, N. Kumaresan
Tuberculous epididymal mass is a condition that presents as a painless scrotal swelling. It resembles a testicular mass and is more often diagnosed after orchidectomy. About 22% of all genitourinary tuberculosis show epididymal involvement and 22% of epididymal tuberculosis are bilateral. This report reiterates the need for an increased awareness amongst the treating urologists that would enable an earlier diagnosis, appropriate treatment and may avert the need for orchidectomy in most cases. A 35-year-old diabetic male presented with rapidly enlarging right testicle associated with recent onset of pain over the testis. He also had fever and chills. At the age of 18, he was treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. The right testicle was enlarged, irregular and mildly tender. The right epididymis was also irregular and nodular, blended with the right testicle and indistinguishable from it. A clinical diagnosis of testicular tumour was made. Tumour markers were normal and he underwent high orchidectomy. Histopathological diagnosis confirmed right epididymal tuberculosis. This case report mainly highlights the need for a high index of suspicion amongst the treating physicians. A previous history of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis should alert the physician to think in lines of tuberculous pathology in epididymis too. A prompt diagnosis and early, appropriate treatment would largely prevent removal of testicles in most cases.
{"title":"Isolated tuberculous epididymal mass mimicking testicular malignancy: an interesting case report and lessons learnt","authors":"T. Manne, Solomon Nazareth, Pavithra Vittalraj, S. Sundaram, S. Krishnamoorthy, N. Kumaresan","doi":"10.32948/auo.2021.05.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32948/auo.2021.05.21","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculous epididymal mass is a condition that presents as a painless scrotal swelling. It resembles a testicular mass and is more often diagnosed after orchidectomy. About 22% of all genitourinary tuberculosis show epididymal involvement and 22% of epididymal tuberculosis are bilateral. This report reiterates the need for an increased awareness amongst the treating urologists that would enable an earlier diagnosis, appropriate treatment and may avert the need for orchidectomy in most cases.\u0000A 35-year-old diabetic male presented with rapidly enlarging right testicle associated with recent onset of pain over the testis. He also had fever and chills. At the age of 18, he was treated for pulmonary tuberculosis. The right testicle was enlarged, irregular and mildly tender. The right epididymis was also irregular and nodular, blended with the right testicle and indistinguishable from it. A clinical diagnosis of testicular tumour was made. Tumour markers were normal and he underwent high orchidectomy. Histopathological diagnosis confirmed right epididymal tuberculosis.\u0000This case report mainly highlights the need for a high index of suspicion amongst the treating physicians. A previous history of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis should alert the physician to think in lines of tuberculous pathology in epididymis too. A prompt diagnosis and early, appropriate treatment would largely prevent removal of testicles in most cases.","PeriodicalId":33190,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Urologic Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44346782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. S. Prajapati, A. Singh, M. Shuaib, P. Kushwaha, Shashank Kumar, Sanjay Gupta
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men worldwide. The disease is heterogeneous in nature exhibiting various clinical subtypes and genetic/transcriptomic features. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts of more than 200 nucleotides that does not encode any protein and play important role in several biological processes as well as pathologic states. Deregulation of lncRNAs has been associated with human diseases. In prostate cancer, numerous key lncRNAs have been identified as novel players that contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease primarily regulated by androgen and its cognate receptor. The present review attempts to summarize the potential role of lncRNA and their mechanisms of action in prostate cancer with particular focus on lncRNAs regulated by androgen receptor expressed in castration-resistant and neuroendocrine differentiated subtypes. We also emphasize the potential of these lncRNAs for their development as therapeutic targets in prostate cancer.
{"title":"Long non-coding RNAs in castration-resistant and neuroendocrine prostate cancer: Potential role and therapeutic impact","authors":"K. S. Prajapati, A. Singh, M. Shuaib, P. Kushwaha, Shashank Kumar, Sanjay Gupta","doi":"10.32948/auo.2020.12.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32948/auo.2020.12.03","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men worldwide. The disease is heterogeneous in nature exhibiting various clinical subtypes and genetic/transcriptomic features. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts of more than 200 nucleotides that does not encode any protein and play important role in several biological processes as well as pathologic states. Deregulation of lncRNAs has been associated with human diseases. In prostate cancer, numerous key lncRNAs have been identified as novel players that contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease primarily regulated by androgen and its cognate receptor. The present review attempts to summarize the potential role of lncRNA and their mechanisms of action in prostate cancer with particular focus on lncRNAs regulated by androgen receptor expressed in castration-resistant and neuroendocrine differentiated subtypes. We also emphasize the potential of these lncRNAs for their development as therapeutic targets in prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":33190,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Urologic Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44904107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multilocular Cystic Renal Neoplasm of Low Malignant Potential (MCRN-LMP), previously known as multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma as a rare variant of cystic kidney. It is composed of multiple cysts separated by thin septa covered with clear cells with no expansile growth. The termMCRN-LMPshould be used exclusively to identify a cystic kidney lesion with a small clusters of neoplastic clear cells in the cyst walls. Clinically these cases may present with flank pain or the majority of these tumors are incidentally found on radioimaging. Grossly, the tumor is well demarcated and consists of multiple various-sized cysts. The fibrous septa are generally thin and there is no discernible expansile nodule. The WHO/ISUP nuclear grade is generally low and usually corresponds to grade 1 or 2. In the World Health Organisation (WHO) 2016 classification of kidney tumors recognizes MCRN-LMP as a rare variant of cystic kidney. MCRN-LMP generally exhibits a low stage of TNM classification. These tumors have a favorable clinical course. The clinical course of these lesions suggests that patients may benefit from nephron-sparing surgery. The aim of this review is to bring attention, that MCRN-LPM is a low aggressive neoplasm with no recurrence and no metastatic potential. The updated diagnostic modalities and conservative line of management may be applicable for this rare entity for the better care of patients.
{"title":"Multilocular cystic renal neoplasm-low malignant potential (MCRN-LMP) - review","authors":"","doi":"10.32948/auo.2020.12.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32948/auo.2020.12.31","url":null,"abstract":"Multilocular Cystic Renal Neoplasm of Low Malignant Potential (MCRN-LMP), previously known as multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma as a rare variant of cystic kidney. It is composed of multiple cysts separated by thin septa covered with clear cells with no expansile growth. The termMCRN-LMPshould be used exclusively to identify a cystic kidney lesion with a small clusters of neoplastic clear cells in the cyst walls. Clinically these cases may present with flank pain or the majority of these tumors are incidentally found on radioimaging. Grossly, the tumor is well demarcated and consists of multiple various-sized cysts. The fibrous septa are generally thin and there is no discernible expansile nodule. The WHO/ISUP nuclear grade is generally low and usually corresponds to grade 1 or 2. In the World Health Organisation (WHO) 2016 classification of kidney tumors recognizes MCRN-LMP as a rare variant of cystic kidney. MCRN-LMP generally exhibits a low stage of TNM classification. These tumors have a favorable clinical course. The clinical course of these lesions suggests that patients may benefit from nephron-sparing surgery. The aim of this review is to bring attention, that MCRN-LPM is a low aggressive neoplasm with no recurrence and no metastatic potential. The updated diagnostic modalities and conservative line of management may be applicable for this rare entity for the better care of patients.","PeriodicalId":33190,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Urologic Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46606534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rare pathological variants may only be diagnosed after the surgical treatments applied. We aimed to determine the rare variant pathologies and their frequencies diagnosed in prostate surgeries performed in routine patient care. We retrospectively analyzed hospital pathology records for all prostate surgeries performed namely TUR-P, open prostatectomy, and radical prostatectomy between October 2014 and October 2019. A total of 1345 patients’ clinical data together with relevant prostate surgery pathologic diagnoses were evaluated from the database. Their mean age was 67.63±8.09. The most common comorbid diseases were hypertension (46%), diabetes mellitus (21%) and cerebrovascular disease (23%). Surgeries indicated and performed for prostate diseases were TUR-P (72%), open prostatectomy (9.7%) and radical prostatectomy (18.4%). The respective median PSA values for above mentioned surgery groups were 3.21, 7.34 and 8.13 ng/ml. Ninety-three patients (6.9%) had variant pathology associated with their primary pathologies including either BPH or prostate adenocarcinoma. 8.6% of patients with variant pathology had more than one variant types. Histopathological variant types generally considered rare can be seen up to 20% in oncological cases according to our database and their clinical importance and treatment differs for each variant type.
{"title":"Histopathological variant types diagnosed in prostate surgery","authors":"Semih Aktaş, Hikmet Koseoglu, U. Yucetas, S. Koca","doi":"10.32948/auo.2020.12.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32948/auo.2020.12.30","url":null,"abstract":"Rare pathological variants may only be diagnosed after the surgical treatments applied. We aimed to determine the rare variant pathologies and their frequencies diagnosed in prostate surgeries performed in routine patient care. We retrospectively analyzed hospital pathology records for all prostate surgeries performed namely TUR-P, open prostatectomy, and radical prostatectomy between October 2014 and October 2019. A total of 1345 patients’ clinical data together with relevant prostate surgery pathologic diagnoses were evaluated from the database. Their mean age was 67.63±8.09. The most common comorbid diseases were hypertension (46%), diabetes mellitus (21%) and cerebrovascular disease (23%). Surgeries indicated and performed for prostate diseases were TUR-P (72%), open prostatectomy (9.7%) and radical prostatectomy (18.4%). The respective median PSA values for above mentioned surgery groups were 3.21, 7.34 and 8.13 ng/ml. Ninety-three patients (6.9%) had variant pathology associated with their primary pathologies including either BPH or prostate adenocarcinoma. 8.6% of patients with variant pathology had more than one variant types. Histopathological variant types generally considered rare can be seen up to 20% in oncological cases according to our database and their clinical importance and treatment differs for each variant type.","PeriodicalId":33190,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Urologic Oncology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42589926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acinar carcinoma comprises more than 90% of prostatic adenocarcinomas and is characterized by a small gland proliferation with an infiltrative growth pattern. The numerous, variably-defined histological variants of prostatic adenocarcinoma can prove to be diagnostic challenges and show prognostic differences when compared to the usual acinar carcinoma, thus emphasizing the importance in accurate recognition. Variants of acinar prostatic adenocarcinoma include the atrophic, pseudohyperplastic, microcystic, foamy gland, mucinous (colloid), signet ring-like cell, pleomorphic giant cell, and sarcomatoid variants. The atrophic, pseudohyperplastic, microcystic, and foamy gland variants can be challenging to diagnose due to their deceptively benign appearance. While the atrophic, pseudohyperplastic, microcystic, and foamy gland variants usually present as low-grade malignancies (Gleason score 6-7), the mucinous (colloid), signet ring-like cell, pleomorphic giant cell, and sarcomatoid variants often present as high-grade malignancies (Gleason score >7) and are usually associated with a worse prognosis. Small cell carcinoma is not considered as a variant of acinar carcinoma, is classified under neuroendocrine tumors, and is recommended not to be assigned a Gleason score. Small cell carcinoma is often preceded by a diagnosis of acinar adenocarcinoma, rarely presents as a de novo tumor, and, as in other organs systems has an aggressive clinical course. In this review article, we discuss variants of prostatic acinar carcinomas and briefly discuss small cell carcinoma. Awareness of variants of acinar prostate carcinoma and their clinicopathologic features is essential to rendering an accurate diagnosis and clinical management of patients with these tumors.
{"title":"Histologic variants of acinar prostate carcinomas: Clinicopathologic importance","authors":"Harmanjot Singh, Z. El-Zaatari, J. Ro","doi":"10.32948/auo.2020.12.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32948/auo.2020.12.19","url":null,"abstract":"Acinar carcinoma comprises more than 90% of prostatic adenocarcinomas and is characterized by a small gland proliferation with an infiltrative growth pattern. The numerous, variably-defined histological variants of prostatic adenocarcinoma can prove to be diagnostic challenges and show prognostic differences when compared to the usual acinar carcinoma, thus emphasizing the importance in accurate recognition.\u0000Variants of acinar prostatic adenocarcinoma include the atrophic, pseudohyperplastic, microcystic, foamy gland, mucinous (colloid), signet ring-like cell, pleomorphic giant cell, and sarcomatoid variants. The atrophic, pseudohyperplastic, microcystic, and foamy gland variants can be challenging to diagnose due to their deceptively benign appearance. While the atrophic, pseudohyperplastic, microcystic, and foamy gland variants usually present as low-grade malignancies (Gleason score 6-7), the mucinous (colloid), signet ring-like cell, pleomorphic giant cell, and sarcomatoid variants often present as high-grade malignancies (Gleason score >7) and are usually associated with a worse prognosis.\u0000Small cell carcinoma is not considered as a variant of acinar carcinoma, is classified under neuroendocrine tumors, and is recommended not to be assigned a Gleason score. Small cell carcinoma is often preceded by a diagnosis of acinar adenocarcinoma, rarely presents as a de novo tumor, and, as in other organs systems has an aggressive clinical course.\u0000In this review article, we discuss variants of prostatic acinar carcinomas and briefly discuss small cell carcinoma. Awareness of variants of acinar prostate carcinoma and their clinicopathologic features is essential to rendering an accurate diagnosis and clinical management of patients with these tumors.","PeriodicalId":33190,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Urologic Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43285786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective The primary aim of the study was to study the histological changes (Thermal artefacts) noted in the resected specimens between the Monopolar and Bipolar Trans-Urethral Resection of Bladder Tumours (TURBT). Patients and Methods The study was done between March 2012 and Feb 2013. This was a comparative study between Monopolar and Bipolar resection specimens studied for histological changes (Thermal artefacts). Institutional Ethics Committee approval was obtained. Informed consent was taken from all patients. Patients were randomized into two groups, Monopolar Group or Bipolar Group of 50 each to undergo TURBT. Patients either underwent Monopolar or Bipolar TURBT in Glycine and Saline respectively. Results Thermal artefacts were graded according to WHO (World Health Organization) grading system. There was no difficulty noticed during histo-pathological examination of resected specimens. In Monopolar group, there were 27 (54%) grade 2 thermal damage, 17 (34%) grade 1 thermal damage and no grade-3 thermal damage in examined specimen. In Bipolar group, there were 07 (14%) grade 2 thermal damage, 12 (24%) grade 1 thermal damage and no grade 3 thermal damage in examined specimen. Conclusion The degree of thermal damage is much lesser in histological sections of specimen resected using Bipolar energy and interpretation of the grade is easier which is one of the most important prognosticators especially in bladder tumours since high grade lesions are proven beyond doubt to progress and recur.
{"title":"Comparative study of histological changes (thermal artefacts) in resected specimens of monopolar and bipolar trans-urethral resection of bladder tumours","authors":"Vasudevan Thirugnanasambandam, J. Ramanathan","doi":"10.32948/auo.2020.10.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32948/auo.2020.10.30","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The primary aim of the study was to study the histological changes (Thermal artefacts) noted in the resected specimens between the Monopolar and Bipolar Trans-Urethral Resection of Bladder Tumours (TURBT).\u0000Patients and Methods The study was done between March 2012 and Feb 2013. This was a comparative study between Monopolar and Bipolar resection specimens studied for histological changes (Thermal artefacts). Institutional Ethics Committee approval was obtained. Informed consent was taken from all patients. Patients were randomized into two groups, Monopolar Group or Bipolar Group of 50 each to undergo TURBT. Patients either underwent Monopolar or Bipolar TURBT in Glycine and Saline respectively.\u0000Results Thermal artefacts were graded according to WHO (World Health Organization) grading system. There was no difficulty noticed during histo-pathological examination of resected specimens. In Monopolar group, there were 27 (54%) grade 2 thermal damage, 17 (34%) grade 1 thermal damage and no grade-3 thermal damage in examined specimen. In Bipolar group, there were 07 (14%) grade 2 thermal damage, 12 (24%) grade 1 thermal damage and no grade 3 thermal damage in examined specimen.\u0000Conclusion The degree of thermal damage is much lesser in histological sections of specimen resected using Bipolar energy and interpretation of the grade is easier which is one of the most important prognosticators especially in bladder tumours since high grade lesions are proven beyond doubt to progress and recur.","PeriodicalId":33190,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Urologic Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48062436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy of the kidney that accounts 85% of all renal tumors and 2-3% of all adult malignancies . The etiology of RCC associated with smoking , obesity, anti-hypertensive therapy, coffee and tea, Western diet (high fat and protein and low fruits and vegetables). However, the detection of small renal masses has been increased because of widespread use of sonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging techniques in recent years, but one-third of the patients with RCC still present with large, locally advanced or metastatic disease. Surgery is the main treatment for renal cell carcinoma and minimal invasive treatments such as laproscopy and robotic approaches is very popular in the world after the widespread use of technological instruments and technology.
{"title":"Minimal Invasive Treatments for Renal Cell Carcinoma","authors":"S. Çalışkan, M. Sungur","doi":"10.32948/auo.2020.09.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32948/auo.2020.09.24","url":null,"abstract":"Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy of the kidney that accounts 85% of all renal tumors and 2-3% of all adult malignancies . The etiology of RCC associated with smoking , obesity, anti-hypertensive therapy, coffee and tea, Western diet (high fat and protein and low fruits and vegetables). However, the detection of small renal masses has been increased because of widespread use of sonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging techniques in recent years, but one-third of the patients with RCC still present with large, locally advanced or metastatic disease. Surgery is the main treatment for renal cell carcinoma and minimal invasive treatments such as laproscopy and robotic approaches is very popular in the world after the widespread use of technological instruments and technology.","PeriodicalId":33190,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Urologic Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43142041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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