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Mechanism and Role of Tumor Microenvironment in the Initiation and Progression of Bladder Cancer 肿瘤微环境在膀胱癌发生和发展中的机制和作用
Pub Date : 2023-09-09 DOI: 10.32948/auo.2023.09.08
Na Cui, Yajun Shi, Yi Ding, Yanhua Wang
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a huge network, composed by tumor cells, tumor associated stromal cells, immune cells, cytokines and chemokines secreted by these cells, in which various cells communicate with each other. Bladder cancer is characterized of tendency of relapse, progression, metastasis because of the role of TME. With the application and development of new technologies recently, such as tumor bulk RNA-sequencing and single-cell transcriptome sequencing, the composition of TME for bladder cancer is increasingly clear and the complex cell-to-cell communication network is fully duged, which provides a new vision for the therapy of bladder cancer. This paper reviewed and further analysed the research hotspots of cellular components and extracellular matrix components of bladder cancer on the basis of the latest research progress.
肿瘤微环境(Tumor microenvironment, TME)是一个由肿瘤细胞、肿瘤相关基质细胞、免疫细胞以及这些细胞分泌的细胞因子和趋化因子组成的巨大网络,在这个网络中,各种细胞之间相互交流。由于TME的作用,膀胱癌具有复发、进展、转移的特点。近年来,随着肿瘤体rna测序和单细胞转录组测序等新技术的应用和发展,膀胱癌TME的组成越来越清晰,复杂的细胞间通讯网络被充分挖掘,这为膀胱癌的治疗提供了新的视野。本文在总结膀胱癌细胞成分和细胞外基质成分最新研究进展的基础上,综述并进一步分析了膀胱癌细胞成分和细胞外基质成分的研究热点。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19 and Testicular Tumors 新冠肺炎与睾丸肿瘤
Pub Date : 2023-07-04 DOI: 10.32948/auo.2023.07.08
Tej Patel, Jai B. Patel, C. Calhoun, M. Wakefield, Yujiang Fang
This is a letter to the editor on the discussion on COVID-19 and testicular tumors.
这是一封关于讨论COVID-19和睾丸肿瘤的致编辑的信。
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引用次数: 0
Treatment Options for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Mechanisms and Outcomes 肾细胞癌的治疗方案:机制和结果
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.32948/auo.2023.06.28
Benjamin Ptasienski, Jake Myers, Weston Krenn, Rex T. Perry, Trenton G. Mayberry, Qian Bai, M. Wakefield, Yujiang Fang
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC), cancer of the tubules of the kidneys, has historically been one of the most difficult cancers to treat due to its ability to remain hidden in the body for longer than other cancers and its tendency to resist traditional forms of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However, both traditional and nontraditional treatments of RCC have seen both significant biomedical advancements and clinical instances of use in recent years. In this review, we analyze five treatments of RCC: Nephrectomy, Immunotherapy, Anti-Angiogenesis, Chemotherapy, and Radiation Therapy, providing background on their mechanisms and clinical outcomes. Through our review of studies of clinical outcomes, we reaffirm the existing thought that nephrectomy remains the most effective treatment for RCC, while radiation therapy and chemotherapy are generally less effective and not recommended for treatment on their own. Immunotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy have been shown to be effective treatments in the modern healthcare landscape and show great potential for the future as the techniques are better developed and optimized.
肾细胞癌(RCC)是一种发生在肾小管上的癌症,历来是最难治疗的癌症之一,因为它比其他癌症在体内潜伏的时间更长,而且对传统的化疗和放疗有抵抗的倾向。然而,近年来,RCC的传统和非传统治疗方法都取得了重大的生物医学进展和临床应用实例。在本文中,我们分析了肾细胞癌的五种治疗方法:肾切除术、免疫治疗、抗血管生成、化疗和放疗,并提供了它们的机制和临床结果的背景。通过我们对临床结果的研究回顾,我们重申了现有的观点,即肾切除术仍然是肾癌最有效的治疗方法,而放疗和化疗通常效果较差,不推荐单独治疗。免疫疗法和抗血管生成疗法已被证明是现代医疗保健领域的有效治疗方法,随着技术的进一步发展和优化,它们在未来显示出巨大的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Research Progress in Focal Treatment of Prostate Cancer 癌症病灶治疗的研究进展
Pub Date : 2023-06-25 DOI: 10.32948/auo.2023.06.24
Songtao Cheng, Shize Wang, Jing Liu, Jianlin Huang, Jiannan Liu
Prostate cancer is the second most common malignant tumor in men worldwide, and its incidence is increasing in China. Treatment methods of prostate cancer include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and local therapy. Compared to all treatment options for prostate cancer, local treatment has the advantage of less trauma and fewer complications. With the wide application of PSA screening, improvement and enhancement of transperineal puncture technology under template positioning and the development of multi-parameter MRI, more and more low-grade and localized prostate cancer are detected. Most prostate cancer patients receive total gland therapy after diagnosis, but patients with localized prostate cancer may not benefit from treatment because of the side effects of total gland therapy. With the development of imaging technology and the "main focus" theory, focal therapy techniques have been greatly developed. Focal therapy (FT) is a treatment method for localized prostate cancer (Pca), which mainly targets low and medium-risk localized disease to reduce whole-gland treatment. Such as radical prostatectomy (RP) or the adverse effects of radical external radiotherapy, FT has the advantage of preserving more sexual and bladder function while controlling the tumor. The current focal therapy techniques used in clinic mainly include high-intensity focused ultrasound, focal laser ablation, cryotherapy, irreversible electroporation, and photodynamic therapy. In this study, we reviewed the clinical trials of focal therapy in recent years and found that high-intensity focused ultrasound and focal laser ablation have better failure-free survival and postoperative functional control.
前列腺癌是全球男性第二大常见恶性肿瘤,在中国发病率呈上升趋势。前列腺癌的治疗方法包括手术、放疗、化疗、内分泌治疗和局部治疗。与前列腺癌的所有治疗方案相比,局部治疗具有创伤小、并发症少的优点。随着PSA筛查的广泛应用,模板定位下经会阴穿刺技术的改进和增强,以及多参数MRI的发展,越来越多的低级别、局限性前列腺癌被检出。大多数前列腺癌患者在诊断后接受全腺体治疗,但由于全腺体治疗的副作用,局限性前列腺癌患者可能无法从治疗中获益。随着影像技术和“主病灶”理论的发展,病灶治疗技术得到了很大的发展。局灶治疗(Focal therapy, FT)是一种针对局限性前列腺癌(Pca)的治疗方法,主要针对低、中危局限性疾病,减少全腺体治疗。如根治性前列腺切除术(RP)或根治性外放射治疗的不良反应,FT的优点是在控制肿瘤的同时保留更多的性功能和膀胱功能。目前临床上应用的病灶治疗技术主要有高强度聚焦超声、病灶激光消融、冷冻治疗、不可逆电穿孔和光动力治疗等。在本研究中,我们回顾了近年来局灶治疗的临床试验,发现高强度聚焦超声和局灶激光消融具有更好的无故障生存和术后功能控制。
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引用次数: 0
Research Progress on Circulating Tumor DNA in Renal Cell Carcinoma 肾细胞癌循环肿瘤DNA的研究进展
Pub Date : 2023-06-16 DOI: 10.32948/auo.2023.06.10
Xinyi Zhang, M. Dong, Kaiyuan Zhou
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common tumors in urinary system, and its incidence ranks 7th and 8th in male and female in the United States with a continuous upward trend in last 5 years. In China, RCC also shows a significant growth trend. Because the early symptoms are not obvious, many patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease and often have a poor prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are particularly important for RCC control. With the advent of the era of innovation in imaging modalities, even early detection of RCC in patients is not possible. However, with the steady increase in the value of liquid biopsy and the emergence of Next-generation sequencing technology, the research on tumor genomics continues to advance, and sequencing combined with liquid biopsy is applied in solid tumors. With this merging, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection is becoming more and more mature, providing a new tool to resolve this problem. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a tumor-derived fragment of DNA in blood or body fluids. It can reflect the information of the entire tumor genome and is easy to obtain. ctDNA has important clinical application in tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of disease recurrence, therapeutic effect and chemotherapy resistance. Recent studies show that ctDNA also have clinical value in RCCS as circulating tumor DNA detection may serve as a biomarker for early diagnosis, and monitoring disease course. This article reviews the application of ctDNA in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of RCCS.
肾细胞癌(RCC)是泌尿系统最常见的肿瘤之一,其发病率在美国男性和女性中分别排名第7和第8,近5年来呈持续上升趋势。在中国,碾压混凝土也呈现出显著的增长趋势。由于早期症状不明显,许多患者在疾病晚期被诊断出来,预后往往很差。因此,早期诊断和治疗对碾压混凝土的控制尤为重要。随着影像学模式创新时代的到来,甚至不可能在患者中早期检测到RCC。然而,随着液体活检价值的稳步提高和下一代测序技术的出现,肿瘤基因组学的研究不断推进,测序与液体活检相结合被应用于实体瘤。随着这种融合,循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)检测越来越成熟,为解决这一问题提供了一种新的工具。循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)是血液或体液中DNA的肿瘤衍生片段。它可以反映整个肿瘤基因组的信息,并且易于获得。ctDNA在肿瘤诊断、预后、疾病复发、疗效和化疗耐药性监测等方面具有重要的临床应用价值。最近的研究表明,ctDNA在RCCS中也具有临床价值,因为循环肿瘤DNA检测可以作为早期诊断和监测病程的生物标志物。本文综述了ctDNA在RCCS临床诊断和治疗中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Advances in Immunotherapy and Vaccine for Prostate Cancer 前列腺癌免疫治疗及疫苗研究进展
Pub Date : 2023-05-27 DOI: 10.32948/auo.2023.05.27
Wei Zhou, Yikai Zhang
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system. The incidence of prostate cancer is high in the elderly male patients, which seriously threatens the life and health. In recent years, immunotherapy to activate anti-cancer host immune cells to kill tumors has become a new area of research for the treatment of prostate cancer. As an important component of immunotherapy, cancer vaccines have a unique position in the precise treatment of malignant tumors. There are many types of prostate cancer vaccines, including monocyte vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines, viral vaccines, peptide vaccines, and DNA/mRNA vaccines, etc. As the most important cancer vaccine based on monocytes, it is the only prostate cancer therapeutic vaccine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration at present, which plays an extremely important role in the immunotherapy of prostate cancer. However, due to its own limitations, SipuleucelT has not been widely adopted. Currently, the complexity of immunotherapy and the specificity of prostate cancer mean that other prostate cancer vaccines have not shown expected clinical benefits in large randomized phase II and III trials, and further in-depth studies are still needed.
前列腺癌是泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。前列腺癌在老年男性患者中发病率高,严重威胁着患者的生命和健康。近年来,通过免疫疗法激活抗癌宿主免疫细胞杀死肿瘤已成为前列腺癌治疗的一个新的研究领域。肿瘤疫苗作为免疫治疗的重要组成部分,在恶性肿瘤的精准治疗中具有独特的地位。前列腺癌疫苗种类繁多,包括单核细胞疫苗、树突状细胞疫苗、病毒疫苗、肽疫苗、DNA/mRNA疫苗等。作为最重要的基于单核细胞的癌症疫苗,是目前唯一获得美国食品药品监督管理局批准的前列腺癌治疗性疫苗,在前列腺癌的免疫治疗中发挥着极其重要的作用。然而,由于其自身的局限性,SipuleucelT并没有被广泛采用。目前,由于免疫治疗的复杂性和前列腺癌的特异性,其他前列腺癌疫苗在大型随机II期和III期试验中并未显示出预期的临床益处,仍需进一步深入研究。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Progress on Urinary Exosomal miRNAs in Bladder Cancer 膀胱癌尿外泌体mirna研究进展
Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.32948/auo.2023.05.15
M. Dong, Kaiyuan Zhou
Bladder cancer (Bca) is one of the most common tumors in the urinary system. Cystoscopy biopsy is a gold standard for diagnosis of Bca in the clinic. However, cystoscopy biopsy is invasive, costly and invasive process causing pain in the patients. Because the Bca cells are closely in contact with urine, and the exosomes of the Bca can pass through the base membrane and transport the microRNA (miRNAs) to the urine, so the detection of the exosome-derived miRNAs in the urine is expected to be a new non-invasive method for diagnostics of Bca. Recently, liquid biopsy for miRNAs in urine is the recent research hotspot. In this review, we mainly introduce the feasibility of the application of the miRNAs from exosome to Bca, and its feasibility to detect Bca.
膀胱癌(Bca)是泌尿系统最常见的肿瘤之一。膀胱镜活检是临床上诊断Bca的金标准。然而,膀胱镜活检是侵入性的、昂贵的和侵入性的过程,会给患者带来疼痛。由于Bca细胞与尿液接触密切,且Bca的外泌体可穿过基膜将microRNA (mirna)转运到尿液中,因此检测尿液中外泌体来源的mirna有望成为Bca诊断的一种新的无创方法。尿液中mirna的液体活检是近年来的研究热点。本文主要介绍了外泌体mirna应用于Bca的可行性,以及检测Bca的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Progress on Exosomes in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer 外泌体在前列腺癌诊断中的研究进展
Pub Date : 2023-03-05 DOI: 10.32948/auo.2023.03.14
J. Wang, Tianlong Liu, Minna Liu
Prostate cancer (Pca) is the second common cancer in men worldwide. Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screen can serve as a diagnostic marker in most of the patients with Pca, its diagnostic specificity is insufficient, and the false positive rate can result in unnecessary biopsy increasing pain and treatment costs in patients. Exosomes are source for mRNA, microRNA, non-encoded RNA, protein, and lipids. In recent years, exosome are used for assessment of tumors and serve as tumor markers for early diagnosis and disease prognosis. This article highlights the application of exosomes in connection with diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of Pca.
前列腺癌(Pca)是世界范围内男性第二大常见癌症。虽然前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)筛查可以作为大多数前列腺癌患者的诊断标志物,但其诊断特异性不足,假阳性率高会导致不必要的活检,增加患者的疼痛和治疗费用。外泌体是mRNA、microRNA、非编码RNA、蛋白质和脂质的来源。近年来,外泌体被用于肿瘤的评估,并作为早期诊断和疾病预后的肿瘤标志物。本文重点介绍外泌体在前列腺癌诊断、治疗和预后方面的应用。
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引用次数: 0
The Recent Research Progress of CircRNA in Bladder Cancer CircRNA在膀胱癌症中的研究进展
Pub Date : 2023-02-10 DOI: 10.32948/auo.2023.02.09
Shuo Liu, Xin-liang Xu
Bladder cancer is a major public health problem in the world, and is one of the most common malignant tumors in the genito-urinary system. Due to its high incidence and mortality, it remains a serious threat to human health. In recent years, related researches on the occurrence of bladder cancer found a certain connection between the expression level of circRNA and development of bladder cancer. circRNA can accomplish the purpose of promoting or inhibiting the occurrence and progression of bladder cancer by affecting the expression of related miRNA and mRNA. Higher expression levels of some circRNAs such as circITCH, circACVR2A, circPICALM, and circZKSCAN1 demonstrate an improved prognostic survival of patients with bladder cancer. Higher expression of circBPTF and circPRMT5 correlated with worse prognosis in bladder cancer patients. This article highlights a relationship between CircRNA and bladder cancer.
膀胱癌症是世界上一个主要的公共卫生问题,也是泌尿生殖系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。由于其高发病率和高死亡率,它仍然是对人类健康的严重威胁。近年来,有关膀胱癌症发生的研究发现circRNA的表达水平与膀胱癌症的发生发展有一定的联系。circRNA可以通过影响相关miRNA和mRNA的表达来达到促进或抑制膀胱癌症发生和发展的目的。一些circRNA如circITCH、circACVR2A、circPICALM和circZKSCAN1的较高表达水平表明,膀胱癌症患者的预后生存率提高。circBPTF和circPRMT5的高表达与癌症患者预后恶化相关。这篇文章强调了CircRNA和膀胱癌症之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
The Roles of Ferroptosis-related Long Non-coding RNAs in Urologic Cancers 铁下垂相关的长非编码RNA在泌尿系肿瘤中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.32948/auo.2023.01.20
Wen-chao Xie, Jie Gu, Zhenqian Qin, Yimin Xie
Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death that has been recent topic of interest in cancer therapy. Growing evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in ferroptosis and associated with the incidence and progression of cancer. However, the relationship between lncRNA and ferroptosis in urologic cancers has not been fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (frlncRNAs) in urologic cancers. Studies indicate that frlncRNAs are associated with cancer metabolism, tumor microenvironment, and immune cell infiltration. In addition, frlncRNAs could regulate ferroptosis related genes both at the mRNA and protein level. Therefore, a deep understanding of the roles of frlncRNAs in urologic cancers occurrence and progression will provide novel information for the development of anticancer therapies.
脱铁症是一种程序性细胞死亡,最近在癌症治疗中引起了人们的兴趣。越来越多的证据表明,长非编码RNA(lncRNA)参与脱铁性贫血,并与癌症的发病率和进展有关。然而,lncRNA与泌尿系癌症脱铁症之间的关系尚未完全阐明。在这篇综述中,我们总结了泌尿系统癌症中与脱铁相关的lncRNA(frlncRNA)。研究表明frlncRNA与癌症代谢、肿瘤微环境和免疫细胞浸润有关。此外,frlncRNA可以在mRNA和蛋白质水平上调节脱铁相关基因。因此,深入了解frlncRNA在泌尿系统癌症发生和发展中的作用,将为开发抗癌疗法提供新的信息。
{"title":"The Roles of Ferroptosis-related Long Non-coding RNAs in Urologic Cancers","authors":"Wen-chao Xie, Jie Gu, Zhenqian Qin, Yimin Xie","doi":"10.32948/auo.2023.01.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32948/auo.2023.01.20","url":null,"abstract":"Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death that has been recent topic of interest in cancer therapy. Growing evidence indicates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in ferroptosis and associated with the incidence and progression of cancer. However, the relationship between lncRNA and ferroptosis in urologic cancers has not been fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (frlncRNAs) in urologic cancers. Studies indicate that frlncRNAs are associated with cancer metabolism, tumor microenvironment, and immune cell infiltration. In addition, frlncRNAs could regulate ferroptosis related genes both at the mRNA and protein level. Therefore, a deep understanding of the roles of frlncRNAs in urologic cancers occurrence and progression will provide novel information for the development of anticancer therapies.","PeriodicalId":33190,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Urologic Oncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42988109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Annals of Urologic Oncology
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