Pub Date : 2004-11-01DOI: 10.1207/S15506843JRS1102_2
Keith Brand
On January 20,2000, the Federal Communications Commission created two new classes of low-powered radio broadcasting licenses. This controversial initiative is studied within the landscape of current and past deregulatory policies. These stations are now on the air and broadcasting to their local communities. A survey was conducted of the first 239 licensed stations to ascertain programming goals, budgets, policies and other baseline information. The study concludes that Low-Power FM has significantly increased ownership diversity and content. Current FCC localism initiatives could bode well for the introduction of more LPFM stations in the United States.
{"title":"The, Rebirth of Low-Power FM Broadcasting in the U.S.","authors":"Keith Brand","doi":"10.1207/S15506843JRS1102_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15506843JRS1102_2","url":null,"abstract":"On January 20,2000, the Federal Communications Commission created two new classes of low-powered radio broadcasting licenses. This controversial initiative is studied within the landscape of current and past deregulatory policies. These stations are now on the air and broadcasting to their local communities. A survey was conducted of the first 239 licensed stations to ascertain programming goals, budgets, policies and other baseline information. The study concludes that Low-Power FM has significantly increased ownership diversity and content. Current FCC localism initiatives could bode well for the introduction of more LPFM stations in the United States.","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"26 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126062190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-11-01DOI: 10.1207/s15506843jrs1102_6
J. Rinks, J. Evey
The main goal of this study was to update demographic data concerning radio sales managers and to measure their attitudes on a variety of issues, including consolidation of stations and hiring and training practices of account executives. Although minorities and women have posted gains in the past decade, this project showed that the typical radio sales manager is still a Caucasian male in his mid-40s. He prefers on-air announcements for recruiting and finds one-on-one interaction to be the most effective training method. Overall, he is positive regarding consolidation.
{"title":"Radio Sales Management: Demographics and Practices","authors":"J. Rinks, J. Evey","doi":"10.1207/s15506843jrs1102_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506843jrs1102_6","url":null,"abstract":"The main goal of this study was to update demographic data concerning radio sales managers and to measure their attitudes on a variety of issues, including consolidation of stations and hiring and training practices of account executives. Although minorities and women have posted gains in the past decade, this project showed that the typical radio sales manager is still a Caucasian male in his mid-40s. He prefers on-air announcements for recruiting and finds one-on-one interaction to be the most effective training method. Overall, he is positive regarding consolidation.","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133880209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-11-01DOI: 10.1207/s15506843jrs1102_9
Bridget Griffen-Foley
This article considers radio's claim to enjoy a personal, intimate relationship with listeners by examining late-night programming on Australian commercial radio from the 1930s to the 1980s. It explores radio's shift from exploiting the extraordinary to the ordinary through the prism of the midnight-to-dawn pro- gram that made its debut on Sydney's 2UW in 1935-possibly the first example of continuous broadcasting in the British empire. The article then looks at the spread of midnight-to-dawn shows to other Australian stations, and the role played by women broadcasters in this genre. Finally, the article discusses outlets for "romance" on Australian radio in the middle decades of the 20th century and examines the rise of late-night matchmaker programs-"a time," in the words of one journalist, "when the lonely get lonelier and inhibitions loosen."
{"title":"Midnight-to-Dawn Programs on Australian Commercial Radio","authors":"Bridget Griffen-Foley","doi":"10.1207/s15506843jrs1102_9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506843jrs1102_9","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers radio's claim to enjoy a personal, intimate relationship with listeners by examining late-night programming on Australian commercial radio from the 1930s to the 1980s. It explores radio's shift from exploiting the extraordinary to the ordinary through the prism of the midnight-to-dawn pro- gram that made its debut on Sydney's 2UW in 1935-possibly the first example of continuous broadcasting in the British empire. The article then looks at the spread of midnight-to-dawn shows to other Australian stations, and the role played by women broadcasters in this genre. Finally, the article discusses outlets for \"romance\" on Australian radio in the middle decades of the 20th century and examines the rise of late-night matchmaker programs-\"a time,\" in the words of one journalist, \"when the lonely get lonelier and inhibitions loosen.\"","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115359478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-11-01DOI: 10.1207/s15506843jrs1102_10
Ece Algan
This article examines the emergence of local radio in a rural southeastern Turkish city called Sanllurfa in the early 7990s following the end of the state's media monopoly on broadcasting. Informed by a media ethnography conducted there in 2001, this article discusses local debates over the content and quality of local radio and the influence of the state's official cultural policies on the programming decisions of local radio owners, managers, and DJs. This paper also illustrates Turkish young people's local and national radio preferences, their responses to local programming and on-air personalities, and the meaning of music and local radio in their lives.
{"title":"Development of Local Radio in Southeast Turkey","authors":"Ece Algan","doi":"10.1207/s15506843jrs1102_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506843jrs1102_10","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the emergence of local radio in a rural southeastern Turkish city called Sanllurfa in the early 7990s following the end of the state's media monopoly on broadcasting. Informed by a media ethnography conducted there in 2001, this article discusses local debates over the content and quality of local radio and the influence of the state's official cultural policies on the programming decisions of local radio owners, managers, and DJs. This paper also illustrates Turkish young people's local and national radio preferences, their responses to local programming and on-air personalities, and the meaning of music and local radio in their lives.","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126618581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-11-01DOI: 10.1207/S15506843JRS1102_7
M. C. Keith
XM Satellite Radio's Senior Vice President and Chief Programming Office, Lee Abrams, has been shaping the American radio industry for more than 3 decades. During that time he has brought unparalleled ratings and economic success to radio stations in more than 200 markets, including 97 of the top 100, winning 318 programming battles. In 1993, Newsweek listed Abrams as one of the country's "100 Cultural Elite" for his contributions to creating modern day radio; and Radio Ink cited Abrams as one of the 75 most important radio figures of all time. Abrams joined XM in June 1998 to help create the next generation of radio-satellite direct radio. With 100 stations (channels) to develop and program, Abrams is once again challenged to reinvigorate the radio landscape, and if subscriber levels and terrestrial radio's mounting anxiety are any indication, he is doing just that. As a founding partner of Burkhar Abrams, the Atlanta-based consulting giant, Abrams invented and built Album Rock, one of the first successful FM formats. He also designed numerous other highly successful radio formats, including the first Classic Rock format at San Francisco's KFOG, the first Urban/Dance format at New York's WKTU, and the first New Age/Jazz format. In addition he created the original blueprint for the NBC Radio Network. His corporate clients have included every major broadcast group as well as Coca Cola, TNT, Sony, and Walt Disney. In 1989 Abrams joined ABC Networks as an internal consultant and oversaw the revolutionary Z-Rock format, which was the first satellite delivered Superstation (as well as being the first "Active Rock" format). Abrams was instrumental in the launch of many top morning radio shows, among them Howard Stern. In the interview that follows Abrams discusses the impact of satellite radio on terrestrial radio, the job market for broadcast majors in the wake of consolidation and the new and evolving listening options, and how streaming and broadband wireless audio services factor into the programming decisions and future of both broadcast and satellite radio.
{"title":"Lee Abrams- From Broadcast to Satellite","authors":"M. C. Keith","doi":"10.1207/S15506843JRS1102_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15506843JRS1102_7","url":null,"abstract":"XM Satellite Radio's Senior Vice President and Chief Programming Office, Lee Abrams, has been shaping the American radio industry for more than 3 decades. During that time he has brought unparalleled ratings and economic success to radio stations in more than 200 markets, including 97 of the top 100, winning 318 programming battles. In 1993, Newsweek listed Abrams as one of the country's \"100 Cultural Elite\" for his contributions to creating modern day radio; and Radio Ink cited Abrams as one of the 75 most important radio figures of all time. Abrams joined XM in June 1998 to help create the next generation of radio-satellite direct radio. With 100 stations (channels) to develop and program, Abrams is once again challenged to reinvigorate the radio landscape, and if subscriber levels and terrestrial radio's mounting anxiety are any indication, he is doing just that. As a founding partner of Burkhar Abrams, the Atlanta-based consulting giant, Abrams invented and built Album Rock, one of the first successful FM formats. He also designed numerous other highly successful radio formats, including the first Classic Rock format at San Francisco's KFOG, the first Urban/Dance format at New York's WKTU, and the first New Age/Jazz format. In addition he created the original blueprint for the NBC Radio Network. His corporate clients have included every major broadcast group as well as Coca Cola, TNT, Sony, and Walt Disney. In 1989 Abrams joined ABC Networks as an internal consultant and oversaw the revolutionary Z-Rock format, which was the first satellite delivered Superstation (as well as being the first \"Active Rock\" format). Abrams was instrumental in the launch of many top morning radio shows, among them Howard Stern. In the interview that follows Abrams discusses the impact of satellite radio on terrestrial radio, the job market for broadcast majors in the wake of consolidation and the new and evolving listening options, and how streaming and broadband wireless audio services factor into the programming decisions and future of both broadcast and satellite radio.","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116841066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-11-01DOI: 10.1207/s15506843jrs1102_4
G. Bailey
Public radio is expanding its audience service and listener support by developing multiple, differentiated formats in major markets. With funding from a consortium of public radio stations and national organizations, we conducted focus groups in eight markets to better understand the minimal audience crossover between NPR news stations and classical music stations. We segmented listeners by their tuning behavior, psychographic needs, and the gratifications delivered by NPR news and classical music formats.
{"title":"NPR Activists and Classical Monks: Differentiating Public Radio Formats","authors":"G. Bailey","doi":"10.1207/s15506843jrs1102_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506843jrs1102_4","url":null,"abstract":"Public radio is expanding its audience service and listener support by developing multiple, differentiated formats in major markets. With funding from a consortium of public radio stations and national organizations, we conducted focus groups in eight markets to better understand the minimal audience crossover between NPR news stations and classical music stations. We segmented listeners by their tuning behavior, psychographic needs, and the gratifications delivered by NPR news and classical music formats.","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124183863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-05-01DOI: 10.1207/S15506843JRS1101_6
James A. Spiller
War-boosting radio programs during the Second World War had an effective propaganda model in the early 1942 series "This is War!" Proposed by the federal Office of Facts and Figures and sponsored by all four networks, it was the first dramatic and didactic series on America's war effort, and it wove dry statistics on military production and conscription into moving tales of global war and national mobilization. By using conventional discourse about gender, pressing mildly for racial tolerance, and casting the United States as the bulwark o f an international community o f liberal nations, "This is War!" employed rhetoric subsequently used in other wartime radio, film, and print media campaigns.
二战期间宣传战争的广播节目在1942年初的系列节目“这就是战争!”中有一个有效的宣传模式。这是由联邦事实与数据办公室(Office of fact and Figures)提议、四大电视网共同赞助的第一部讲述美国战争努力的戏剧和说教类剧集，它将枯燥的军事生产和征兵数据编织成感人的全球战争和全国动员故事。通过使用关于性别的传统话语，温和地敦促种族宽容，并将美国塑造成自由国家国际社会的堡垒，“这就是战争!”采用了随后在其他战时广播，电影和印刷媒体活动中使用的修辞。
{"title":"This is War! Network Radio and World War II Propaganda in America","authors":"James A. Spiller","doi":"10.1207/S15506843JRS1101_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15506843JRS1101_6","url":null,"abstract":"War-boosting radio programs during the Second World War had an effective propaganda model in the early 1942 series \"This is War!\" Proposed by the federal Office of Facts and Figures and sponsored by all four networks, it was the first dramatic and didactic series on America's war effort, and it wove dry statistics on military production and conscription into moving tales of global war and national mobilization. By using conventional discourse about gender, pressing mildly for racial tolerance, and casting the United States as the bulwark o f an international community o f liberal nations, \"This is War!\" employed rhetoric subsequently used in other wartime radio, film, and print media campaigns.","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124370586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-05-01DOI: 10.1207/S15506843JRS1101_5
J. Grubbs
By the time World War I1 began, women regularly participated in radio broadcasting, either as entertainers or in the behind the scenes creation of radio programming. Few women owned stations or participated in network management. Newscasts featured dulcet toned, deep, male voices. In short, the serious business of radio was for men: Women were "okay" as long as they stuck to their own domain- cooking shows, homemaker tips, those sorts of things. Through an exhaustive literature review coupled with critical analysis of primary source documentation, this paper examines women who had a profound impact on broadcasting during World War I1 and beyond. Collectively, they created a programming concept that would turn out to be one of the most well liked types of programs during the war.
{"title":"Women Broadcasters of World War II","authors":"J. Grubbs","doi":"10.1207/S15506843JRS1101_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15506843JRS1101_5","url":null,"abstract":"By the time World War I1 began, women regularly participated in radio broadcasting, either as entertainers or in the behind the scenes creation of radio programming. Few women owned stations or participated in network management. Newscasts featured dulcet toned, deep, male voices. In short, the serious business of radio was for men: Women were \"okay\" as long as they stuck to their own domain- cooking shows, homemaker tips, those sorts of things. Through an exhaustive literature review coupled with critical analysis of primary source documentation, this paper examines women who had a profound impact on broadcasting during World War I1 and beyond. Collectively, they created a programming concept that would turn out to be one of the most well liked types of programs during the war.","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127880773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-05-01DOI: 10.1207/s15506843jrs1101_4
S. Dick, Walter Mcdowell
This article provides a practical means for estimating the relative degree of listener loyalty among radio stations using standard Arbitron ratings information. Although not a direct measure of audience behavior, the combined indexes of a station's overall performance (a) exclusive cume, (b) cume duplication, (c) turnover ratio, and (d) listening location does offer persuasive circumstantial evidence of loyalty that can be applied to media buying strategies.
{"title":"Estimating Relative Audience Loyalty Among Radio Stations Using Standard Arbitron Ratings","authors":"S. Dick, Walter Mcdowell","doi":"10.1207/s15506843jrs1101_4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506843jrs1101_4","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a practical means for estimating the relative degree of listener loyalty among radio stations using standard Arbitron ratings information. Although not a direct measure of audience behavior, the combined indexes of a station's overall performance (a) exclusive cume, (b) cume duplication, (c) turnover ratio, and (d) listening location does offer persuasive circumstantial evidence of loyalty that can be applied to media buying strategies.","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116527653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-05-01DOI: 10.1207/S15506843JRS1101_8
J. Webb
The American military bases in Newfoundland in 1941 used the government- owned broadcasting station, VONF, to supply their personnel with AFRS programs that would boost morale. VONF soon curtailed its broadcast of American programs, prompting the creation of an American expeditionary station, VOW. AFRS programs reflected American network radio, and encouraged the taste for these programs among both service personnel and Newfoundland civilians. The effect of these "denatured" programs was to represent the US as more homogenous and united than was the case.
{"title":"VOUS-Voice of the United States: The Armed Forces Radio Service in Newfoundland","authors":"J. Webb","doi":"10.1207/S15506843JRS1101_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1207/S15506843JRS1101_8","url":null,"abstract":"The American military bases in Newfoundland in 1941 used the government- owned broadcasting station, VONF, to supply their personnel with AFRS programs that would boost morale. VONF soon curtailed its broadcast of American programs, prompting the creation of an American expeditionary station, VOW. AFRS programs reflected American network radio, and encouraged the taste for these programs among both service personnel and Newfoundland civilians. The effect of these \"denatured\" programs was to represent the US as more homogenous and united than was the case.","PeriodicalId":331997,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Radio Studies","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126763759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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