Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.18502/ijdo.v14i4.11233
T. Yahaya, E. Oladele, U. Shemishere, U. U. Liman, Clement Boniface Gomo, Aminu L. Abubakar, Balkisu Muhammad Marafa
Objective: The burden of obesity is currently enormous, necessitating a novel strategy to complement the existing ones. Accordingly, genetic predisposition is suspected in many cases of the disease, which can potentially be used as therapeutic targets. However, there are differing viewpoints on the suspect genes, prompting the current review to articulate the genes and their mechanisms. Eight (16%) of the genes singularly predispose humans to obesity (called monogenic obesity), 22 (43%) interact with other genes and the environment to predispose humans to obesity (called polygenic obesity), and 21 (41%) cause syndromic obesity. Monogenic obesity is often caused by three genes [the leptin (LEP), the leptin receptor (LEPR), and the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) genes], polygenic obesity [fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene], and syndromic obesity (Prader-Willi Syndrome). These genes control food intake and energy expenditure, and so mutations in them cause overeating, adiposity, and hyperphagia. Based on these findings, two geneticallybased drugs, named recombinant human leptin and setmelanotide, have been formulated and shown to significantly reduce food intake, body weight, and fat mass. This suggests that when the genetic etiology of obesity is fully understood, the disease’s treatment and prevention will improve. Healthcare providers are urged to develop genetically-based personalized treatments for obese patients.
{"title":"Genes Predisposing to Monogenic, Polygenic, and Syndromic Obesity: A Review of Current Trends and Prospects for Standard Obesity Genetic Testing","authors":"T. Yahaya, E. Oladele, U. Shemishere, U. U. Liman, Clement Boniface Gomo, Aminu L. Abubakar, Balkisu Muhammad Marafa","doi":"10.18502/ijdo.v14i4.11233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijdo.v14i4.11233","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The burden of obesity is currently enormous, necessitating a novel strategy to complement the existing ones. Accordingly, genetic predisposition is suspected in many cases of the disease, which can potentially be used as therapeutic targets. However, there are differing viewpoints on the suspect genes, prompting the current review to articulate the genes and their mechanisms. Eight (16%) of the genes singularly predispose humans to obesity (called monogenic obesity), 22 (43%) interact with other genes and the environment to predispose humans to obesity (called polygenic obesity), and 21 (41%) cause syndromic obesity. Monogenic obesity is often caused by three genes [the leptin (LEP), the leptin receptor (LEPR), and the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) genes], polygenic obesity [fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene], and syndromic obesity (Prader-Willi Syndrome). These genes control food intake and energy expenditure, and so mutations in them cause overeating, adiposity, and hyperphagia. Based on these findings, two geneticallybased drugs, named recombinant human leptin and setmelanotide, have been formulated and shown to significantly reduce food intake, body weight, and fat mass. This suggests that when the genetic etiology of obesity is fully understood, the disease’s treatment and prevention will improve. Healthcare providers are urged to develop genetically-based personalized treatments for obese patients.","PeriodicalId":33205,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45288189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.18502/ijdo.v14i4.11232
Fatemeh Ghannadias, Banafshe Bordbar Lomer
Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as one of the most critical health issues and leading causes of death worldwide. This disease is associated with macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications. The prevention of DM and its complications is always essential. In recent years, due to the known biological properties of some foods, the tendency to consume these foods has increased. This narrative review showed the effect of cinnamon, ginseng, thyme, sesame oil, fenugreek, saffron, aloe vera, garlic, ginger, turmeric, and green tea on improving insulin sensitivity, reducing blood sugar, blood lipid, and blood pressure, and regulating metabolism. Therefore, it is suggested that these nutraceuticals could be considered in the special food formulation of diabetic patients. It seems that the anti-diabetic properties of nutraceutical interest of diabetic persons specify their potential role in improving insulin sensitivity, lowering blood sugar, blood lipid, and blood pressure, and regulating metabolism.
{"title":"Nutraceutical in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review","authors":"Fatemeh Ghannadias, Banafshe Bordbar Lomer","doi":"10.18502/ijdo.v14i4.11232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijdo.v14i4.11232","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is recognized as one of the most critical health issues and leading causes of death worldwide. This disease is associated with macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications. The prevention of DM and its complications is always essential. In recent years, due to the known biological properties of some foods, the tendency to consume these foods has increased. This narrative review showed the effect of cinnamon, ginseng, thyme, sesame oil, fenugreek, saffron, aloe vera, garlic, ginger, turmeric, and green tea on improving insulin sensitivity, reducing blood sugar, blood lipid, and blood pressure, and regulating metabolism. Therefore, it is suggested that these nutraceuticals could be considered in the special food formulation of diabetic patients. It seems that the anti-diabetic properties of nutraceutical interest of diabetic persons specify their potential role in improving insulin sensitivity, lowering blood sugar, blood lipid, and blood pressure, and regulating metabolism.","PeriodicalId":33205,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43835907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.18502/ijdo.v14i4.11229
Samane Moradi, S. M. Mohammadi, N. Namiranian, M. Afkhami-Ardekani, Omid Afkhami-Ardakani
Objective: The thyroid gland is susceptible to the formation of nodules. Therefore, due to the critical role of selenium in the function of the thyroid gland, the impact of this element on the size and volume of this organ and its nodules were examined. Materials and Methods: During three months, two groups consisting of 30 patients with benign thyroid nodules who were referred to Baghaeipour Endocrinology Clinic were given daily doses of 100 and 200 micrograms of selenium, and a control group of 30 people without selenium consumption were assessed. Results: The results of intergroup analysis detected that the mean (±SD) of nodules length in the 100 µg selenium consumer group was 17.13 (±7.9) and 14.93 (±6.01) before and after intervention respectively (P= 0.008). About the nodules height in the 200 µg selenium consumer group, the mean (±SD) was 9.3 (±2.8) and 8.93 (±2.71) before and after intervention in that order (P= 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that selenium has been effective in the size and volume of the nodule and thyroid gland, as well as the TSH hormone, and further studies are needed to determine its therapeutic approach and efficacy.
{"title":"The Effect of Oral Selenium on the Size of Thyroid Nodules in Patients with Benign Thyroid nodules: A Brief Study","authors":"Samane Moradi, S. M. Mohammadi, N. Namiranian, M. Afkhami-Ardekani, Omid Afkhami-Ardakani","doi":"10.18502/ijdo.v14i4.11229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijdo.v14i4.11229","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The thyroid gland is susceptible to the formation of nodules. Therefore, due to the critical role of selenium in the function of the thyroid gland, the impact of this element on the size and volume of this organ and its nodules were examined. \u0000Materials and Methods: During three months, two groups consisting of 30 patients with benign thyroid nodules who were referred to Baghaeipour Endocrinology Clinic were given daily doses of 100 and 200 micrograms of selenium, and a control group of 30 people without selenium consumption were assessed. \u0000Results: The results of intergroup analysis detected that the mean (±SD) of nodules length in the 100 µg selenium consumer group was 17.13 (±7.9) and 14.93 (±6.01) before and after intervention respectively (P= 0.008). About the nodules height in the 200 µg selenium consumer group, the mean (±SD) was 9.3 (±2.8) and 8.93 (±2.71) before and after intervention in that order (P= 0.001). \u0000Conclusion: Our findings suggest that selenium has been effective in the size and volume of the nodule and thyroid gland, as well as the TSH hormone, and further studies are needed to determine its therapeutic approach and efficacy.","PeriodicalId":33205,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44462813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-29DOI: 10.18502/ijdo.v14i4.11228
Saeed Khodadadi, A. Hassani, A. Naderi
Objective: Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. Exercise and anti-oxidant supplements are two potential approaches to delay the development of T2DM. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction effects of spirulina supplementation and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in inactive women with T2DM. Materials and Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. Our study subjects were 55 women with T2DM (age of 51.95 ± 5.57 years and BMI of 30.55 ± 4.63 kg/m2 ) that were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1- exercise and spirulina (n= 15), 2- spirulina (n= 15), 3- placebo (n= 15), 4-control (n= 10) without exercise and supplementation. Participants received 2 grams spirulina supplement per day. Training program included three sessions pre-week walking and running on a treadmill for 4 weeks, each session consisted of 10 minutes of warming and 10 minutes of cooling with a 50- 70% HRR intensity and 25 minutes of HIIT (The training interval of 4-minute sections with 85-95 % HRR intensity and 3-minute active rest sections, with 50-70 % HRR intensity). All evaluations were performed with SPSS statistical software using analysis of covariance to assess between-group differences and t-test to assess within-group differences. Results: Our study results showed that the plasma level of MDA decreased significantly in the exercise + placebo group compared to the control group (P= 0.03). However, the level of TAC was not changed significantly in our experimental groups compared to the control group (P= 0.7). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study the spirulina supplementation and HIIT can be good stimuli for reducing oxidative stress in women with T2DM.
{"title":"Effect of 4 Weeks HIIT with Spirulina Supplementation Intake on Plasma Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and Lipid Peroxidation (MDA) in Women with Type 2 Diabetes","authors":"Saeed Khodadadi, A. Hassani, A. Naderi","doi":"10.18502/ijdo.v14i4.11228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijdo.v14i4.11228","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. Exercise and anti-oxidant supplements are two potential approaches to delay the development of T2DM. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction effects of spirulina supplementation and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in inactive women with T2DM. \u0000Materials and Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. Our study subjects were 55 women with T2DM (age of 51.95 ± 5.57 years and BMI of 30.55 ± 4.63 kg/m2 ) that were randomly divided into 4 groups: 1- exercise and spirulina (n= 15), 2- spirulina (n= 15), 3- placebo (n= 15), 4-control (n= 10) without exercise and supplementation. Participants received 2 grams spirulina supplement per day. Training program included three sessions pre-week walking and running on a treadmill for 4 weeks, each session consisted of 10 minutes of warming and 10 minutes of cooling with a 50- 70% HRR intensity and 25 minutes of HIIT (The training interval of 4-minute sections with 85-95 % HRR intensity and 3-minute active rest sections, with 50-70 % HRR intensity). All evaluations were performed with SPSS statistical software using analysis of covariance to assess between-group differences and t-test to assess within-group differences. \u0000Results: Our study results showed that the plasma level of MDA decreased significantly in the exercise + placebo group compared to the control group (P= 0.03). However, the level of TAC was not changed significantly in our experimental groups compared to the control group (P= 0.7). \u0000Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study the spirulina supplementation and HIIT can be good stimuli for reducing oxidative stress in women with T2DM.","PeriodicalId":33205,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43756283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.18502/ijdo.v14i3.10740
A. Mehrabbeik, M. Askari, N. Namiranian
Objective: Diabetic patients are more likely to be infected and are at the higher risk of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to compare the preventive behaviours and perceived risk of COVID-19 in women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods: The analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2020 on 151 participants. Among T2DM patients who were referred to Yazd diabetes center 79 patients were selected by using simple random sampling method. The healthy none diabetic participants (n=72) were selected from the patients' relatives. Data were collected by a validated questionnaire including demographic information, information about diabetes, information about protective behaviours and risk perception questions. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Results: The mean (±SD) score of protective behaviours in the diabetic group was 24.34 (±3.05), which was significantly higher than the non-diabetic group (P: 0.001). The mean risk perception in the group of diabetic patients was slightly more than the group without diabetes but this difference was not statistically significant (P= 0.16). In general, there was a significant positive correlation between protective behaviours and risk perception in diabetic (r= 0.26; P< 0.01) and non-diabetic (r= 0.39; P< 0.001) groups. Conclusion: Increased perceived risk promotes preventive behaviours of COVID-19 among diabetic and non-diabetic people.
目的:在新冠肺炎大流行中，糖尿病患者更容易被感染，发病和死亡风险更高。本研究的目的是比较患有和不患有2型糖尿病(T2DM)的女性的预防行为和COVID-19的感知风险。材料与方法:分析性横断面研究于2020年6月至7月对151名参与者进行。在转介到Yazd糖尿病中心的T2DM患者中，采用简单随机抽样方法选取79例患者。从患者亲属中选择健康的非糖尿病参与者(n=72)。通过有效的问卷收集数据，包括人口统计信息、糖尿病信息、保护行为信息和风险认知问题。数据分析采用SPSS version 22。结果:糖尿病组患者保护行为的平均(±SD)评分为24.34(±3.05)分，显著高于非糖尿病组(P: 0.001)。糖尿病组的平均风险感知略高于非糖尿病组，但差异无统计学意义(P= 0.16)。总体而言，糖尿病患者的保护行为与风险认知之间存在显著正相关(r= 0.26;P< 0.01)和非糖尿病患者(r= 0.39;P< 0.001)组。结论:认知风险的增加促进了糖尿病和非糖尿病人群的COVID-19预防行为。
{"title":"Are COVID-19 Protective Behaviours and Risk Perception More Common in Diabetic Women than Non-Diabetics?","authors":"A. Mehrabbeik, M. Askari, N. Namiranian","doi":"10.18502/ijdo.v14i3.10740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijdo.v14i3.10740","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Diabetic patients are more likely to be infected and are at the higher risk of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to compare the preventive behaviours and perceived risk of COVID-19 in women with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). \u0000Materials and Methods: The analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2020 on 151 participants. Among T2DM patients who were referred to Yazd diabetes center 79 patients were selected by using simple random sampling method. The healthy none diabetic participants (n=72) were selected from the patients' relatives. Data were collected by a validated questionnaire including demographic information, information about diabetes, information about protective behaviours and risk perception questions. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. \u0000Results: The mean (±SD) score of protective behaviours in the diabetic group was 24.34 (±3.05), which was significantly higher than the non-diabetic group (P: 0.001). The mean risk perception in the group of diabetic patients was slightly more than the group without diabetes but this difference was not statistically significant (P= 0.16). In general, there was a significant positive correlation between protective behaviours and risk perception in diabetic (r= 0.26; P< 0.01) and non-diabetic (r= 0.39; P< 0.001) groups. \u0000Conclusion: Increased perceived risk promotes preventive behaviours of COVID-19 among diabetic and non-diabetic people.","PeriodicalId":33205,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45972261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.18502/ijdo.v14i3.10739
K. Ansari, S. Mousavi, Mohammad Cheraghipour, Zohreh Akhoundimeybodi
Objective: Epidemiological evidence shows that the prevalence of patients with comorbidity of diabetes mellitus (DM), in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is remarkable and they have poor prognosis. We aimed to investigate the comorbidity of diabetes and covid-19 in positive Polymerase Chain Reaction people in Yazd. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included data of 570 COVID-19 positive patients, admitted to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran, from February2019 to May 2020, including demographic data and clinical outcome of COVID-19. Study data were analyzed using SPSS software-22 and T-test, Chi-square and a binary logistic regression model were used for modeling. Results: Prevalence of COVID-19 patients with diabetes was 27% and the percentage of male patients was 62.6%. Additionally, duration of hospitalization significantly higher in diabetic patients (P= 0.004), need to invasive mechanical ventilation in diabetic patients was significantly higher than non-diabetic patients (P˂ 0.001) Conclusion: DM is one of the most important comorbidity with COVID-19 patients and this comorbidity affects the severity of the disease and the outcome of patients.
{"title":"Comorbidity of Diabetes and Covid-19 in 570 Positive Polymerase Chain Reaction Patients in Yazd-2019-2020","authors":"K. Ansari, S. Mousavi, Mohammad Cheraghipour, Zohreh Akhoundimeybodi","doi":"10.18502/ijdo.v14i3.10739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijdo.v14i3.10739","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Epidemiological evidence shows that the prevalence of patients with comorbidity of diabetes mellitus (DM), in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is remarkable and they have poor prognosis. We aimed to investigate the comorbidity of diabetes and covid-19 in positive Polymerase Chain Reaction people in Yazd. \u0000Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included data of 570 COVID-19 positive patients, admitted to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran, from February2019 to May 2020, including demographic data and clinical outcome of COVID-19. Study data were analyzed using SPSS software-22 and T-test, Chi-square and a binary logistic regression model were used for modeling. \u0000Results: Prevalence of COVID-19 patients with diabetes was 27% and the percentage of male patients was 62.6%. Additionally, duration of hospitalization significantly higher in diabetic patients (P= 0.004), need to invasive mechanical ventilation in diabetic patients was significantly higher than non-diabetic patients (P˂ 0.001) \u0000Conclusion: DM is one of the most important comorbidity with COVID-19 patients and this comorbidity affects the severity of the disease and the outcome of patients.","PeriodicalId":33205,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45992875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.18502/ijdo.v14i3.10741
Z. Razavi, Hammed Sadri
Objective: The role of environmental factors in the development of type1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the associations between selected environmental factors and T1D. Materials and Methods: This group matched case-control study included diabetic and healthy subjects younger than 19 years old in 2017. Cases were diabetic subjects diagnosed before the age of 19 years and controls were healthy subjects with similar distributions of age, sex, and place of living. Information including demographic characteristics, birth season, duration of breastfeeding and major psychological stressors was obtained by a parent-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and T-test and chi-square test. Statistical significance was defined as P< 0.05. Results: The mean age of cases was 12.5 (±5.2) years and 13 (±6.7) in controls (P: 0.55). Compared to controls, children with T1D had a higher chance of having a major psychological stressor in the family before the onset of diabetes (P: 0.0001) with odds ratio (OR) 3.3, higher neonatal jaundice (P: 0.01, OR: 2.25), infection leading to hospitalization within the first year of life (P: 0.007, OR: 6.46), and lower family income (P: 0.018). Duration of breastfeeding was shorter inT1D group (P: 0.018, OR: 3.46) and they had started cereals one month earlier (P: 0.015). Conclusion: Certain environmental factors including major psychological stressors, neonatal jaundice, infection leading to hospitalization within first year of birth and shorter duration of breastfeeding were associated with the development of T1D.
{"title":"Environmental Factors before the Onset of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study","authors":"Z. Razavi, Hammed Sadri","doi":"10.18502/ijdo.v14i3.10741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijdo.v14i3.10741","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The role of environmental factors in the development of type1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the associations between selected environmental factors and T1D. \u0000Materials and Methods: This group matched case-control study included diabetic and healthy subjects younger than 19 years old in 2017. Cases were diabetic subjects diagnosed before the age of 19 years and controls were healthy subjects with similar distributions of age, sex, and place of living. Information including demographic characteristics, birth season, duration of breastfeeding and major psychological stressors was obtained by a parent-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and T-test and chi-square test. Statistical significance was defined as P< 0.05. \u0000Results: The mean age of cases was 12.5 (±5.2) years and 13 (±6.7) in controls (P: 0.55). Compared to controls, children with T1D had a higher chance of having a major psychological stressor in the family before the onset of diabetes (P: 0.0001) with odds ratio (OR) 3.3, higher neonatal jaundice (P: 0.01, OR: 2.25), infection leading to hospitalization within the first year of life (P: 0.007, OR: 6.46), and lower family income (P: 0.018). Duration of breastfeeding was shorter inT1D group (P: 0.018, OR: 3.46) and they had started cereals one month earlier (P: 0.015). \u0000Conclusion: Certain environmental factors including major psychological stressors, neonatal jaundice, infection leading to hospitalization within first year of birth and shorter duration of breastfeeding were associated with the development of T1D.","PeriodicalId":33205,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43185634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.18502/ijdo.v14i3.10745
Z. Farhadi, M. Khaksari
Type 2 diabetes causes structural and functional changes in the myocardium, which is called cardiomyopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a distinct primary disorder process, independent of coronary artery disease, which leads to heart failure in diabetic patients. Also, DCM is a multifaceted disorder that is one of the leading causes of death in elderly and postmenopausal women. Menopause is associated with decreased and stopped ovarian function, which reduces and stops the production of ovarian hormones, especially estrogen. Moreover, menopause is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Sex steroids such as 17-β estradiol have a variety of protective effects on many tissues in the body, including the cardiovascular system. In this article, the concept of DCM, the underlying molecular signaling pathway, and, finally, the role of 17-β estradiol as one of the most important estrogens in moderating DCM are discussed to provide a theoretical basis for in-depth study.
{"title":"A Review on 17-β estradiol a Potent Therapeutic Factor of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy","authors":"Z. Farhadi, M. Khaksari","doi":"10.18502/ijdo.v14i3.10745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijdo.v14i3.10745","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes causes structural and functional changes in the myocardium, which is called cardiomyopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a distinct primary disorder process, independent of coronary artery disease, which leads to heart failure in diabetic patients. Also, DCM is a multifaceted disorder that is one of the leading causes of death in elderly and postmenopausal women. Menopause is associated with decreased and stopped ovarian function, which reduces and stops the production of ovarian hormones, especially estrogen. Moreover, menopause is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Sex steroids such as 17-β estradiol have a variety of protective effects on many tissues in the body, including the cardiovascular system. In this article, the concept of DCM, the underlying molecular signaling pathway, and, finally, the role of 17-β estradiol as one of the most important estrogens in moderating DCM are discussed to provide a theoretical basis for in-depth study.","PeriodicalId":33205,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43549783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.18502/ijdo.v14i3.10742
Yasaman Shahriari, S. Ghasemzadeh, Leila Kashani Vahid, Samira Vakili
Objective: The parent-child relationship and the daily blood sugar control by adolescents can affect family functioning. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of unified trans-diagnostic treatment protocols on parent-child interaction and blood sugar levels in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Materials and Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the study included all adolescents aged 12-15 years with type 1 diabetes referred to the Iranian Diabetes Society and their parents in 2020. Out of this population, 44 were selected using the convenience judgmental sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (n= 22). The Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS) was used to investigate the parent-child interaction, and hemoglobin pre-and post-program tests were used to assess blood sugar. Adolescents and parents in the experimental group received the program during 17 sessions. Data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS software version 22. Results: The means of corrected post-test scores of the Child-Parent Relationship Scale and hemoglobin A1c tests were significantly different in the experimental and control groups (P= 0.001). Conclusion: The unified trans-diagnostic treatment protocols affect parent-child interaction and blood sugar levels in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. It is possible to use this program to educate adolescents with diabetes and their families and preventive interventions.
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Unified Trans Diagnostic Treatment Protocols on Parent-Child Interaction and Blood Sugar Levels in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes","authors":"Yasaman Shahriari, S. Ghasemzadeh, Leila Kashani Vahid, Samira Vakili","doi":"10.18502/ijdo.v14i3.10742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijdo.v14i3.10742","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The parent-child relationship and the daily blood sugar control by adolescents can affect family functioning. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of unified trans-diagnostic treatment protocols on parent-child interaction and blood sugar levels in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. \u0000Materials and Methods: The present study was quasi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the study included all adolescents aged 12-15 years with type 1 diabetes referred to the Iranian Diabetes Society and their parents in 2020. Out of this population, 44 were selected using the convenience judgmental sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (n= 22). The Child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS) was used to investigate the parent-child interaction, and hemoglobin pre-and post-program tests were used to assess blood sugar. Adolescents and parents in the experimental group received the program during 17 sessions. Data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS software version 22. \u0000Results: The means of corrected post-test scores of the Child-Parent Relationship Scale and hemoglobin A1c tests were significantly different in the experimental and control groups (P= 0.001). \u0000Conclusion: The unified trans-diagnostic treatment protocols affect parent-child interaction and blood sugar levels in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. It is possible to use this program to educate adolescents with diabetes and their families and preventive interventions.","PeriodicalId":33205,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43651418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-21DOI: 10.18502/ijdo.v14i3.10744
M. Firouzkouhi, Abdolghani Abdollahimohammad
Objective: Diabetes is a major health concern worldwide. Diabetic patients experience many issues that affect their lives. Poor self-care and compliance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients cause chronic hyperglycemia and irreversible complications. The study aimed to explore the lived experiences of T2DM patients with irreversible complications. Materials and Methods: The qualitative phenomenology study was conducted through a semi-structured interview. The collected data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke framework for thematic analysis. Participants included 15 T2DM with irreversible complications who were selected to conduct the study through purposive sampling in Zabol, Iran. Results: Research findings were classified into three main themes "past negligence, future threat", "suffering from disastrous complications" and "complicated life with diabetes". Some of the sub-themes were as follows: being sorry for previous unhealthy behaviors, fearing the future with the disease, successive challenges of the disease, losing the importance of life, poverty, losing family and social communications, gradual involvement of body organs, and life and death. Conclusion: Patients with no self-confidence are defeated by the disease and have no control over the conditions in different dimensions of life, considering the irreversible diabetes complications. Besides, patients need the support and attention of care providers and families to take the health-related behaviors, embrace the disease condition and move toward dominating the present situation.
{"title":"Lived Experiences of Type 2 Diabetes with Irreversible Complications: A Qualitative Research","authors":"M. Firouzkouhi, Abdolghani Abdollahimohammad","doi":"10.18502/ijdo.v14i3.10744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijdo.v14i3.10744","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Diabetes is a major health concern worldwide. Diabetic patients experience many issues that affect their lives. Poor self-care and compliance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients cause chronic hyperglycemia and irreversible complications. The study aimed to explore the lived experiences of T2DM patients with irreversible complications. \u0000Materials and Methods: The qualitative phenomenology study was conducted through a semi-structured interview. The collected data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke framework for thematic analysis. Participants included 15 T2DM with irreversible complications who were selected to conduct the study through purposive sampling in Zabol, Iran. \u0000Results: Research findings were classified into three main themes \"past negligence, future threat\", \"suffering from disastrous complications\" and \"complicated life with diabetes\". Some of the sub-themes were as follows: being sorry for previous unhealthy behaviors, fearing the future with the disease, successive challenges of the disease, losing the importance of life, poverty, losing family and social communications, gradual involvement of body organs, and life and death. \u0000Conclusion: Patients with no self-confidence are defeated by the disease and have no control over the conditions in different dimensions of life, considering the irreversible diabetes complications. Besides, patients need the support and attention of care providers and families to take the health-related behaviors, embrace the disease condition and move toward dominating the present situation.","PeriodicalId":33205,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42555215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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