N. Yorkina, P. Teluk, A. Umerova, V. Budakova, O. Zhaley, K. Ivanchenko, O. Zhukov
{"title":"Assessment of the Recreational Transformation of the Grass Cover of Public Green Spaces","authors":"N. Yorkina, P. Teluk, A. Umerova, V. Budakova, O. Zhaley, K. Ivanchenko, O. Zhukov","doi":"10.32819/021002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70171801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results of research on the effectiveness of action of herbicides on weeds incrops of Scarlet grosbeak of the Linza variety, conducted on the experimental field of the educationaland research center of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, located inthe Dniprovskyi district of Dnipropetrovsk region are presented. The soil is represented by chernozemordinary low in humus full-profile. The potential soil contamination in the arable layer byvegetative organs of reproduction of perennial suckering weeds was average (100–120 thousandpieces / m2), and high (800–900 million pieces / ha) by seeds of annual weeds. Scarlet grosbeakwas placed after winter wheat. Soil-applied and post-emergence herbicides were applied in therecommended time by a small-sized sprayer OM-4, developed by the Department of GeneralAgriculture and Soil Science of the State Agrarian and Economic University and limited liabilitycompany “Agromodul”. Years of Scarlet grosbeak growing were characterized as typical for theSteppe zone of Ukraine, but differed in the amount of precipitations. The main reasons for thesmall area of distribution of Scarlet grosbeak are identified. The attention was paid to the needfor integrated weed control for the successful growing of this legume crop. It is found that in thesegetal сommunity of Scarlet grosbeak the dominant position was occupied by common ragweedand annual cereals, which at the beginning and end of the growing season accounted for about90% of the total number of weeds. The presence of a small amount of white orache, lesser bindweed,redroot amaranth and others was also noted. In accordance with the evaluations of the technicalefficacy of herbicides in crops of Scarlet grosbeak, which are a weak competitor to weeds,indicate the need to take into account their effect on the weight of weeds. The best results in thecontrol of common ragweed in the crops of the studied culture were provided by preparationsbased on Prometryn 400 g / l + Metribuzin 100 g / l, Imazethapyr 100 g / l and Imazamox 40 g / l,which helped to reduce its weight in the air-dry state by 67.9; 64.4 and 62.1%, respectively, comparedwith the control. The least effective was the insurance (post-emergence) herbicide based onMetribuzin 600 g / l, which helped to reduce the mass of common ragweed in the air-dry state byonly 10.7% compared to the control. The technical efficiency of herbicides action and their tankmixtures on dicotyledonous annual weeds was almost the same and ranged from 50.0% to 87.5%.The use of herbicides and their tank mixtures in general allowed to save from 0.03 t / ha to 0.26 t/ ha grain of Scarlet grosbeak compared to the control without herbicides. Herbicide preparationsdiffered insignificantly in terms of the effect on grain yield. The insurance (post-emegence) herbicidesbased on Imazamox 40 g / l and Imazethapyr 100 g / l should be distinguished. The use ofthis herbicides provided yielding capacity on the level 1.19 and 1.23 t / ha, which
本文介绍了在第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克州第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克州第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克州第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克州第聂伯罗国立农业经济大学教育研究中心的试验田进行的关于除草剂对林扎品种红雀草作物杂草作用效果的研究结果。土壤以黑钙土为代表，腐殖质一般低，全剖面。多年生吸草生殖营养器官对耕层土壤的潜在污染平均(10 ~ 12万片/ m2)，一年生吸草种子对耕层土壤的潜在污染高(8 ~ 9亿片/ ha)。猩红雀稗种在冬小麦之后。在推荐的时间内，使用由国家农业经济大学综合农业与土壤科学系和有限责任公司“agromodule”开发的OM-4型小型喷雾器施用土壤和出苗后除草剂。年的猩红粗喙生长的特点是典型的乌克兰草原地带，但不同的降水量。找出了红雀分布面积小的主要原因。为保证该豆科作物的成功生长，需要对杂草进行综合防治。结果表明，在红雀的植物群落中，常见的豚草和一年生谷物占据优势地位，在生长季开始和结束时占杂草总数的90%左右。此外，还发现了少量的白桔梗、小旋花、红根苋菜等植物。根据除草剂对杂草弱竞争对手红雀雀作物的技术药效评价，指出需要考虑除草剂对杂草重的影响。以Prometryn 400 g / l + metrizzin 100 g / l、Imazethapyr 100 g / l和Imazamox 40 g / l为基础的制剂防治豚草效果最好，可使其在风干状态下的重量减轻67.9;与对照组相比，分别为64.4和62.1%。以600 g / l metribuzin为基础的保险(羽化后)除草剂效果最差，与对照相比，该除草剂仅使风干状态下普通豚草的质量减少10.7%。两种除草剂及其混合药剂对双子叶一年生杂草的技术效率基本相同，在50.0% ~ 87.5%之间。与不使用除草剂的对照相比，使用除草剂及其罐内混合物一般可节省0.03吨/公顷至0.26吨/公顷的红格罗斯比克谷物。除草剂制剂对籽粒产量的影响差异不显著。应区分以Imazamox 40 g / l和Imazethapyr 100 g / l为基础的保险(灾后)除草剂。施用该除草剂后的产量分别为1.19 t / ha和1.23 t / ha，分别比对照提高22.7%和26.8%。
{"title":"Effectiveness of Soil-Applied and Post-Emergence Herbicides in Crops of Scarlet Grosbeak (Erythrina Erythrina) of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"O. Tsyliuryk, Y. Tkalich, N. Honchar, V. Kozechko","doi":"10.32819/021011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021011","url":null,"abstract":"The results of research on the effectiveness of action of herbicides on weeds incrops of Scarlet grosbeak of the Linza variety, conducted on the experimental field of the educationaland research center of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, located inthe Dniprovskyi district of Dnipropetrovsk region are presented. The soil is represented by chernozemordinary low in humus full-profile. The potential soil contamination in the arable layer byvegetative organs of reproduction of perennial suckering weeds was average (100–120 thousandpieces / m2), and high (800–900 million pieces / ha) by seeds of annual weeds. Scarlet grosbeakwas placed after winter wheat. Soil-applied and post-emergence herbicides were applied in therecommended time by a small-sized sprayer OM-4, developed by the Department of GeneralAgriculture and Soil Science of the State Agrarian and Economic University and limited liabilitycompany “Agromodul”. Years of Scarlet grosbeak growing were characterized as typical for theSteppe zone of Ukraine, but differed in the amount of precipitations. The main reasons for thesmall area of distribution of Scarlet grosbeak are identified. The attention was paid to the needfor integrated weed control for the successful growing of this legume crop. It is found that in thesegetal сommunity of Scarlet grosbeak the dominant position was occupied by common ragweedand annual cereals, which at the beginning and end of the growing season accounted for about90% of the total number of weeds. The presence of a small amount of white orache, lesser bindweed,redroot amaranth and others was also noted. In accordance with the evaluations of the technicalefficacy of herbicides in crops of Scarlet grosbeak, which are a weak competitor to weeds,indicate the need to take into account their effect on the weight of weeds. The best results in thecontrol of common ragweed in the crops of the studied culture were provided by preparationsbased on Prometryn 400 g / l + Metribuzin 100 g / l, Imazethapyr 100 g / l and Imazamox 40 g / l,which helped to reduce its weight in the air-dry state by 67.9; 64.4 and 62.1%, respectively, comparedwith the control. The least effective was the insurance (post-emergence) herbicide based onMetribuzin 600 g / l, which helped to reduce the mass of common ragweed in the air-dry state byonly 10.7% compared to the control. The technical efficiency of herbicides action and their tankmixtures on dicotyledonous annual weeds was almost the same and ranged from 50.0% to 87.5%.The use of herbicides and their tank mixtures in general allowed to save from 0.03 t / ha to 0.26 t/ ha grain of Scarlet grosbeak compared to the control without herbicides. Herbicide preparationsdiffered insignificantly in terms of the effect on grain yield. The insurance (post-emegence) herbicidesbased on Imazamox 40 g / l and Imazethapyr 100 g / l should be distinguished. The use ofthis herbicides provided yielding capacity on the level 1.19 and 1.23 t / ha, which","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70171974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An ecomorph reveals the relationship between organisms and the environment and reflects the level of their adaptation to the most important elements of the biogeocenosis. The eco-morphic approach to the analysis of ecological systems is a component of the concept of ecomorphic matrices. The ecomorphic matrices consist of blocks comprising the synecological properties of the soil animal community, each reflecting a particular aspect of its ecological features. The systemic combination of these characteristics is able to provide a comprehensive reflection of the diversity and functional state of the community. As a result of research on the territory of green areas in the city of Dnieper and Melitopol revealed 53 species or taxon species level representatives of soil macrofauna of the 48 genera and 32 families, 13 orders, 7 classes and 3 types. The article presents the biological and ecological characteristics of macrofauna species. Analysis of the ecomorphic structure of communities of soil macrofauna showed that in the cenomorphic structure prevail syl-vants, which represent 44.2% of the species richness of the community. Differences between com-munities Melitopol and Dnieper on cenomorphic structure statistically not reliable. Saprophages and predators prevail in trophic structure of soil macrofauna communities. Topomorphic structure of communities is dominated by epigeic forms (65.4%) and considerably exceeded by endogean forms (32.7%) Only one species represents burrowing soil animals – D. nassonovi. The community is dominated by mesophiles, which is typical for forest cenoses. Megatrophocenomorphs predomi-nate in the trophocenomorphic structure of the community. Aerophiles (48.1%) and subaerophiles (34.6%) predominate in the communities. The dominance of aeromorphs sensitive to the provision of air for breathing, indicates a satisfactory air regime in the soil green areas of public use. Carbon-atophiles are most represented in the community. Communities of soil macrofauna of public green spaces has features of amphicenosis, in which steppe and meadow components are significantly represented against the background of predominance of forest component. Tree plantations in a city park form a common forest environment, although they do not form a stable forest monocenosis. Recreation and other forms of anthropogenic influence do not allow the formation of a forest mono-cenosis or pseudomonocenosis. The trophic aspect of the structure deciphers the importance in the community of the cenotic components. The trophic structure of sylvants repeats the trophic structure of the community as a whole and this allows us to consider sylvants as the functional basis of the soil fauna community. Phytophages prevail among sylvanians, which fully corresponds to typical trophic structure of steppe zonal communities. This peculiarity taking into account proportional representation of zoophages and saprophages allows to estimate as functionally stable structure of
{"title":"An ecomorphic approach to assessing the biodiversity of soil macrofauna communities in urban parks","authors":"O. Kunakh, N. Yorkina, V. Budakova, Y. O. Zhukova","doi":"10.32819/021015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021015","url":null,"abstract":"An ecomorph reveals the relationship between organisms and the environment and reflects the level of their adaptation to the most important elements of the biogeocenosis. The eco-morphic approach to the analysis of ecological systems is a component of the concept of ecomorphic matrices. The ecomorphic matrices consist of blocks comprising the synecological properties of the soil animal community, each reflecting a particular aspect of its ecological features. The systemic combination of these characteristics is able to provide a comprehensive reflection of the diversity and functional state of the community. As a result of research on the territory of green areas in the city of Dnieper and Melitopol revealed 53 species or taxon species level representatives of soil macrofauna of the 48 genera and 32 families, 13 orders, 7 classes and 3 types. The article presents the biological and ecological characteristics of macrofauna species. Analysis of the ecomorphic structure of communities of soil macrofauna showed that in the cenomorphic structure prevail syl-vants, which represent 44.2% of the species richness of the community. Differences between com-munities Melitopol and Dnieper on cenomorphic structure statistically not reliable. Saprophages and predators prevail in trophic structure of soil macrofauna communities. Topomorphic structure of communities is dominated by epigeic forms (65.4%) and considerably exceeded by endogean forms (32.7%) Only one species represents burrowing soil animals – D. nassonovi. The community is dominated by mesophiles, which is typical for forest cenoses. Megatrophocenomorphs predomi-nate in the trophocenomorphic structure of the community. Aerophiles (48.1%) and subaerophiles (34.6%) predominate in the communities. The dominance of aeromorphs sensitive to the provision of air for breathing, indicates a satisfactory air regime in the soil green areas of public use. Carbon-atophiles are most represented in the community. Communities of soil macrofauna of public green spaces has features of amphicenosis, in which steppe and meadow components are significantly represented against the background of predominance of forest component. Tree plantations in a city park form a common forest environment, although they do not form a stable forest monocenosis. Recreation and other forms of anthropogenic influence do not allow the formation of a forest mono-cenosis or pseudomonocenosis. The trophic aspect of the structure deciphers the importance in the community of the cenotic components. The trophic structure of sylvants repeats the trophic structure of the community as a whole and this allows us to consider sylvants as the functional basis of the soil fauna community. Phytophages prevail among sylvanians, which fully corresponds to typical trophic structure of steppe zonal communities. This peculiarity taking into account proportional representation of zoophages and saprophages allows to estimate as functionally stable structure of ","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temporal Dynamics of the Terrestrial Invertebrate Community Under Conditions of Land Reclamation","authors":"M. Fedyushko, A. Babchenko","doi":"10.32819/021003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70171490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The results of research conducted in 2016‒2018 on the southern chernozem andthe effect of two varieties of spring barley extra-root feed on the formation of grain productivityare given. Based on the results obtained, indicators of agroeconomic efficiency and their changewere determined under the influence of this event (as one of the most important elements of technology)in growing the crop, including in terms of varieties. Despite the increase in productioncosts, the treatment of plant seeding with biologics contributed to a certain increase in notional netprofit, which increased with the number of feeds, reaching the highest values if used to optimizethe nutrition of Fresh florid (300 g/ha). One feeding of Stalker variety is determined at the levelof 5927, two feeding ‒ 6890, three ‒ 7320 UAH, and 3857 UAH/ha ‒ in control. The mentionedindicators were 5968, 6808, 7771 and 3980 UAH/ha, respectively, when the spring barley varietyVakula was grown. One of the most important indicators of economic efficiency decreased‒ the cost of growing a unit of production with an increase in the number of extracurricular feeding.The lowest indicator was the cost price of production of top – dressing with Fresh florid(300 g/ha ‒ according to the Stalker variety): with one extracorporeal sowing ‒ 2269.4; two treatments‒ 2173.5, and three ‒ 2166.7 UAH/t; in control, this indicator was 2638.5 UAH/t. Thesevalues were, respectively, 2262.3; 2185,8; 2105.4 and 2608.0 UAH/t when the barley spring varietyVakula was growing. The use of other biological preparations led to a certain increase in thecost of growing spring barley. The highest values were recorded when using Organic D-2 M withonly one feeding in the plant phase. In this version of the experiment the cost of growing a unitof production even slightly exceeded control, when Vakula variety was grown. The cultivation ofspring barley on the basis of resource saving using modern re-regulating substances and biologicalpreparations is advisable, because it increases not only the level of grain yield, but also themain indicators of agro-economic efficiency - net profit and profitability, and unit cost, on thecontrary, decreases. It was established that by optimizing the nutrition of spring barley on thebasis of resource saving by treating crops in the main growing seasons with biological products,along with increasing grain yield and changes in its quality, other indicators of agro-economicefficiency of crop production increase. The level of profitability in control (treatment of plantswith water) for the cultivation of barley of the spring variety Stalker was 59.2%, then in themost optimal food options it reached 93.8%, and for the Vakula variety they were determined61.0 and 99.5% respectively. The obtained agroeconomic indicators in the cultivation of springbarley made it possible to substantiate the following claims: the use of biologics to treat thesowing of spring barley plants during the main periods of vegetatio
{"title":"Agroeconomic Assessment of Utilization Biologics in the Cultivation of Spring Barley in the Conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"V. Gamayunova, T. Kasatkina, T. Baklanova","doi":"10.32819/021008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021008","url":null,"abstract":"The results of research conducted in 2016‒2018 on the southern chernozem andthe effect of two varieties of spring barley extra-root feed on the formation of grain productivityare given. Based on the results obtained, indicators of agroeconomic efficiency and their changewere determined under the influence of this event (as one of the most important elements of technology)in growing the crop, including in terms of varieties. Despite the increase in productioncosts, the treatment of plant seeding with biologics contributed to a certain increase in notional netprofit, which increased with the number of feeds, reaching the highest values if used to optimizethe nutrition of Fresh florid (300 g/ha). One feeding of Stalker variety is determined at the levelof 5927, two feeding ‒ 6890, three ‒ 7320 UAH, and 3857 UAH/ha ‒ in control. The mentionedindicators were 5968, 6808, 7771 and 3980 UAH/ha, respectively, when the spring barley varietyVakula was grown. One of the most important indicators of economic efficiency decreased‒ the cost of growing a unit of production with an increase in the number of extracurricular feeding.The lowest indicator was the cost price of production of top – dressing with Fresh florid(300 g/ha ‒ according to the Stalker variety): with one extracorporeal sowing ‒ 2269.4; two treatments‒ 2173.5, and three ‒ 2166.7 UAH/t; in control, this indicator was 2638.5 UAH/t. Thesevalues were, respectively, 2262.3; 2185,8; 2105.4 and 2608.0 UAH/t when the barley spring varietyVakula was growing. The use of other biological preparations led to a certain increase in thecost of growing spring barley. The highest values were recorded when using Organic D-2 M withonly one feeding in the plant phase. In this version of the experiment the cost of growing a unitof production even slightly exceeded control, when Vakula variety was grown. The cultivation ofspring barley on the basis of resource saving using modern re-regulating substances and biologicalpreparations is advisable, because it increases not only the level of grain yield, but also themain indicators of agro-economic efficiency - net profit and profitability, and unit cost, on thecontrary, decreases. It was established that by optimizing the nutrition of spring barley on thebasis of resource saving by treating crops in the main growing seasons with biological products,along with increasing grain yield and changes in its quality, other indicators of agro-economicefficiency of crop production increase. The level of profitability in control (treatment of plantswith water) for the cultivation of barley of the spring variety Stalker was 59.2%, then in themost optimal food options it reached 93.8%, and for the Vakula variety they were determined61.0 and 99.5% respectively. The obtained agroeconomic indicators in the cultivation of springbarley made it possible to substantiate the following claims: the use of biologics to treat thesowing of spring barley plants during the main periods of vegetatio","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70171899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article reveals the patterns of the temporal dynamics of juvenile fish communities under conditions of eutrophication of water bodies. The study was conducted in the reservoirs of the nature reserve “Dniprovsko-Orilsky”. Ichthyological sampling was carried out according to standard methods used in the study of the quantitative and qualitative composition of fish communities. During the study period, representatives of 38 species of juvenile fish were established in the surveys. Numbers of fish communities showed temporal patterns and differed significantly between habitat types. At presence of the general temporary trends of abundance, each of types of biotopes is characterized by the features of temporary dynamics. The highest level of abundance was characteristic of the channel part of the Dnieper River. Lake ecosystems of the Dnieper River floodplain were characterized by a much lower level of fish abundance. Among lake ecosystems, the highest number of juvenile fish communities was established for the reservoirs of the Taromsky ledge. The highest biomass was established for the channel part of the Dnieper River. The biomass of juvenile fish communities was significantly lower in the lacustrine water bodies. Species diversity of juvenile fish communities statistically reliably depends on habitat type and year as a categorical variable. The number of species increases with the growth of community abundance up to a certain level, after which there is an exit to a plateau: the growth of abundance is not accompanied by a significant increase in the number of species in the community. Biotopes can be divided into three groups according to the level of diversity. It has been substantiated that the establishment of protected areas and the maintenance of a fish conservation regime within them is an important factor in stabilizing the temporal dynamics of abundance, diversity and sustainability of fish populations over a much larger area than the territory of the reserve itself. Young fish communities are a sensitive indicator of the temporal dynamics of the ecological state of water bodies and respond both to the negative impact of anthropogenic activities and to positive measures of protection of biological diversity in protected areas.
{"title":"Effects of eutrophication on the long-term dynamics of juvenile fish communities","authors":"M. Fedushko, D. Bondarev, N. Gubanova, O. Zhukov","doi":"10.32819/021018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021018","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the patterns of the temporal dynamics of juvenile fish communities under conditions of eutrophication of water bodies. The study was conducted in the reservoirs of the nature reserve “Dniprovsko-Orilsky”. Ichthyological sampling was carried out according to standard methods used in the study of the quantitative and qualitative composition of fish communities. During the study period, representatives of 38 species of juvenile fish were established in the surveys. Numbers of fish communities showed temporal patterns and differed significantly between habitat types. At presence of the general temporary trends of abundance, each of types of biotopes is characterized by the features of temporary dynamics. The highest level of abundance was characteristic of the channel part of the Dnieper River. Lake ecosystems of the Dnieper River floodplain were characterized by a much lower level of fish abundance. Among lake ecosystems, the highest number of juvenile fish communities was established for the reservoirs of the Taromsky ledge. The highest biomass was established for the channel part of the Dnieper River. The biomass of juvenile fish communities was significantly lower in the lacustrine water bodies. Species diversity of juvenile fish communities statistically reliably depends on habitat type and year as a categorical variable. The number of species increases with the growth of community abundance up to a certain level, after which there is an exit to a plateau: the growth of abundance is not accompanied by a significant increase in the number of species in the community. Biotopes can be divided into three groups according to the level of diversity. It has been substantiated that the establishment of protected areas and the maintenance of a fish conservation regime within them is an important factor in stabilizing the temporal dynamics of abundance, diversity and sustainability of fish populations over a much larger area than the territory of the reserve itself. Young fish communities are a sensitive indicator of the temporal dynamics of the ecological state of water bodies and respond both to the negative impact of anthropogenic activities and to positive measures of protection of biological diversity in protected areas.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70171940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spatial crop monitoring using vegetation indices is one of the most promising technologies for crop mapping and remote phenological observations. The aim of the study was to determine the patterns of seasonal dynamics of the spatial normalized difference vegetation index for the main crops grown in the south of Ukraine and to connect it to their phenology. Remote sensing data provided by the OneSoil AI platform, which uses Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 imagery as a basis, was used to derive the monthly index values for the 2016–2021 growing season for nine selected crops grown in the experimental fields at the NAAS Institute of Irrigated Agriculture, Kherson, Ukraine. The fallow field was also included in the study to determine the cutoff values of the vegetation index, which are not representative of any healthy vegetation. It was determined that each crop has its unique pattern of the dynamics of the vegetation index, except for winter wheat and winter barley, which demonstrated quite similar models. The peak values of the vegetation index were observed in May for winter crops (wheat, barley, rapeseed) and early-spring crops (chickpea, peas), while the late-spring crops (grain corn, grain sorghum, soybeans, sunflower) reached the peak values in July. It is possible to suggest that the highest demand for mineral nutrition and watering will fall in the mentioned time periods of late spring and midsummer. Phenological monitoring revealed that the highest values of the spatial normalized difference vegetation index were observed in the following stages of crop growth, namely: winter wheat, winter barley – stem elongation; winter rapeseed – flowering; chickpea – branching; peas – budding and flowering; sunflower – stem growth; soybeans - pod formation; grain sorghum – panicle ejection and flowering; grain corn – panicle ejection and flowering. The results provide novel information for further implementation in the mathematical models for automation of crops recognition, mapping, and phenological observations based on the remote sensing data. Further scientific research in this direction will be aimed at increasing the spectrum of crops studied and a detailed investigation of the relationship between the value of the normalized difference vegetation index and their phenology.
{"title":"Seasonal dynamics of normalized difference vegetation index in some winter and spring crops in the South of Ukraine","authors":"P. Lykhovyd","doi":"10.32819/021022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021022","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial crop monitoring using vegetation indices is one of the most promising technologies for crop mapping and remote phenological observations. The aim of the study was to determine the patterns of seasonal dynamics of the spatial normalized difference vegetation index for the main crops grown in the south of Ukraine and to connect it to their phenology. Remote sensing data provided by the OneSoil AI platform, which uses Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 imagery as a basis, was used to derive the monthly index values for the 2016–2021 growing season for nine selected crops grown in the experimental fields at the NAAS Institute of Irrigated Agriculture, Kherson, Ukraine. The fallow field was also included in the study to determine the cutoff values of the vegetation index, which are not representative of any healthy vegetation. It was determined that each crop has its unique pattern of the dynamics of the vegetation index, except for winter wheat and winter barley, which demonstrated quite similar models. The peak values of the vegetation index were observed in May for winter crops (wheat, barley, rapeseed) and early-spring crops (chickpea, peas), while the late-spring crops (grain corn, grain sorghum, soybeans, sunflower) reached the peak values in July. It is possible to suggest that the highest demand for mineral nutrition and watering will fall in the mentioned time periods of late spring and midsummer. Phenological monitoring revealed that the highest values of the spatial normalized difference vegetation index were observed in the following stages of crop growth, namely: winter wheat, winter barley – stem elongation; winter rapeseed – flowering; chickpea – branching; peas – budding and flowering; sunflower – stem growth; soybeans - pod formation; grain sorghum – panicle ejection and flowering; grain corn – panicle ejection and flowering. The results provide novel information for further implementation in the mathematical models for automation of crops recognition, mapping, and phenological observations based on the remote sensing data. Further scientific research in this direction will be aimed at increasing the spectrum of crops studied and a detailed investigation of the relationship between the value of the normalized difference vegetation index and their phenology.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The organization of the sowing material stocks is a necessary condition for stable seed production of any crop. Insurance, reserve, breeding and transi-tional funds are such stocks in corn seed production. Their creation and maintenance largely depend on the economic longev-ity of seeds, which can be formed at the stages of cultivation, harvesting, post-harvest processing and storage of seed. However, the data on the peculiarities of the formation of seed longevity of corn hybrids and their ability to long-term storage are lim-ited. That is why research in this area is considered relevant and important. The results of study of regularities of formation and factors of longevity of corn hybrids seeds of domestic selection are summarized in the executed work. Ecological, technical-technological and varietal factors are formed dur-ing corn cultivation, har-vesting and processing. The greatest dependence is noted on the hydrothermal conditions, start-ing from the stage of cultivation, and then – in the stages after harvesting - the modes of drying and separation of seed. High economic durability is provided under the following conditions: hydro-term coefficient at the level of 0,5–0,7 – for vegetation and 0,3–0,4 – for maturing, dry-ing temperature within 36–400С at humidity of seeds of 20–30%, fractional separation, removal from the seeds mass of the unstable frac-tion containing 18–20% of the total. Some of the factors included a sign of seed size, which is clearly manifested at the stage of long-term storage of seed. Sowing fractions differ significantly in terms of size, including the weight of 1000 seeds and their linear size. The greatest economic durability is inherent in the first and second of all factions. It is recommended to obtain them by calibrating the seeds on separating sieves with round holes with a diameter of 8–10 mm, depending on the hybrids. Prolonged storage is proposed on the basis of a combination of two factors – low humidity and airtight packaging of seeds. This significantly reduces resource costs and extends the economic longevity of corn hybrid seeds to 4–5 years.
{"title":"Features of formation of durability of corn hybrids seeds for their cultivation, postharvest processing and storage","authors":"M. Kyrpa, N. S. Filipkova","doi":"10.32819/021017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021017","url":null,"abstract":"The organization of the sowing material stocks is a necessary condition for stable seed production of any crop. Insurance, reserve, breeding and transi-tional funds are such stocks in corn seed production. Their creation and maintenance largely depend on the economic longev-ity of seeds, which can be formed at the stages of cultivation, harvesting, post-harvest processing and storage of seed. However, the data on the peculiarities of the formation of seed longevity of corn hybrids and their ability to long-term storage are lim-ited. That is why research in this area is considered relevant and important. The results of study of regularities of formation and factors of longevity of corn hybrids seeds of domestic selection are summarized in the executed work. Ecological, technical-technological and varietal factors are formed dur-ing corn cultivation, har-vesting and processing. The greatest dependence is noted on the hydrothermal conditions, start-ing from the stage of cultivation, and then – in the stages after harvesting - the modes of drying and separation of seed. High economic durability is provided under the following conditions: hydro-term coefficient at the level of 0,5–0,7 – for vegetation and 0,3–0,4 – for maturing, dry-ing temperature within 36–400С at humidity of seeds of 20–30%, fractional separation, removal from the seeds mass of the unstable frac-tion containing 18–20% of the total. Some of the factors included a sign of seed size, which is clearly manifested at the stage of long-term storage of seed. Sowing fractions differ significantly in terms of size, including the weight of 1000 seeds and their linear size. The greatest economic durability is inherent in the first and second of all factions. It is recommended to obtain them by calibrating the seeds on separating sieves with round holes with a diameter of 8–10 mm, depending on the hybrids. Prolonged storage is proposed on the basis of a combination of two factors – low humidity and airtight packaging of seeds. This significantly reduces resource costs and extends the economic longevity of corn hybrid seeds to 4–5 years.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu. is a perennial herbaceous introduced energy hybrid plant whose biomass is used after processing to a solid or liquid biofuel. The plant is characterized by a relatively low level of absorption of pollutants from the soil by vegetative organs, as its well-developed root system acts as a buffer, helps to stabilize pollutants in the soil and prevents their further spread. Sustainable Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu. ( M. × giganteus ) growth on contaminated with heavy metals and other хenobiotiсs soil depends on its adaptive performance, including establishment rate, resistance to stressors. The one way to address this issue is the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs), namely Stimpo and Regoplant with micromycete Cylindrocarpon obtusiusculum (Sacc.) U. Braun, whose metabolites are the active substance. The objective of this laboratory study was to evaluate possibility to cultivate Cylindrocarpon obtusiusculum on Chapek’s medium with replacing of hydrocarbon component glucose to chipper one – lactose or starch for further production of Stimpo and Regoplant and testing its growth stimulating activity on M. giganteus . The results showed that the most suitable for the growth and accumulation of biomass of C. obtusiusculum was the Chapek media, which includes starch. The mean growth rate of C. obtusiusculum was in 2.3-fold higher on 8th day of cultivation compared to growth on glucose medium and in 3.3-fold higher than growth on lactose medium. It was found that on the 6th day of growth the concentration of biomass accu-mulaed by the strain was higher on the medium with a single carbon source – starch with value of 2.47 g/l, respectively. On the Chapek medium with glucose and lactose, the biomass concentra - tion was twice as low. Obtained results indicated the possibility of replacing glucose – a valuable carbon sources of Chapek’s medium with starch as a cheaper ingredient for PGRs production. Cultivation of C. obtusiusculum with a change in carbohydrate source did not affect the morpho - logical characteristics and development of spore-bearing cultures. On the medium with starch the growth acceleration and formation of mycelial fungal metabolites was observed, which were used further to obtain of the culture fluid and PGRs Stimpo and Regoplant. Their growth – stimulating activity against giant miscanthus was revealed, namely the positive influence on the indicators of Miscanthus establishment and growth rate. The statistical analysis conformed that source of сarbon and type of PGRs effect the length of roots and aerial part of Miscanthus sprouts ( R adj 2 = 0.91 and R adj 2 = 0.87 respectively).
． 芒草×巨芒向上帝致敬。是一种多年生草本引进能源杂交植物，其生物质加工后可用于固体或液体生物燃料。该植物的特点是营养器官对土壤中污染物的吸收水平相对较低，因为其发育良好的根系起到缓冲作用，有助于稳定土壤中的污染物并防止其进一步扩散。永续芒草×巨型芒草向上帝致敬。(M. x giganteus)在重金属污染和其他хenobiotiсs土壤上的生长取决于其适应性能，包括建立速率、对胁迫源的抗性。解决这一问题的一种方法是使用植物生长调节剂(pgr)，即Stimpo和Regoplant与微真菌圆柱形碳棒(Sacc)。U. Braun，其代谢产物是活性物质。本实验的目的是探讨在Chapek培养基上用含碳氢化合物的葡萄糖代替含糖的乳糖或淀粉，进一步生产Stimpo和Regoplant的可能性，并测试其对巨齿草(M. giganteus)的促生长活性。结果表明，含淀粉的Chapek培养基最适合黑曲霉的生长和生物量积累。培养第8天时，平均生长速率比葡萄糖培养基高2.3倍，比乳糖培养基高3.3倍。结果表明，在生长第6天，菌株在单一碳源淀粉培养基上的生物量积累浓度最高，分别为2.47 g/l。在含有葡萄糖和乳糖的Chapek培养基上，生物量浓度降低了两倍。获得的结果表明，有可能用淀粉代替葡萄糖——Chapek培养基中有价值的碳源，作为生产pgr的一种更便宜的成分。碳水化合物来源的改变不影响黑木耳的形态特征和孢子培养物的发育。在淀粉培养基上观察到菌丝真菌代谢产物的生长加速和形成，并进一步利用这些代谢产物获得培养液和pgr Stimpo和Regoplant。揭示了它们对巨型芒草的促生作用，即对芒草成活率和生长率指标的积极影响。统计分析表明，种子碳源和pgr类型对芒草芽的根长和地上部分有影响(R adj 2 = 0.91, R adj 2 = 0.87)。
{"title":"Optimization of the Micromycete Cultivation Process � Basics of Growth Regulators and Biotesting Their Growth- Stimulating Activity Concerning to Miscanthus Giganteus","authors":"A. Medkov, T. Stefanovska, V. Borodai","doi":"10.32819/021005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021005","url":null,"abstract":". Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu. is a perennial herbaceous introduced energy hybrid plant whose biomass is used after processing to a solid or liquid biofuel. The plant is characterized by a relatively low level of absorption of pollutants from the soil by vegetative organs, as its well-developed root system acts as a buffer, helps to stabilize pollutants in the soil and prevents their further spread. Sustainable Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu. ( M. × giganteus ) growth on contaminated with heavy metals and other хenobiotiсs soil depends on its adaptive performance, including establishment rate, resistance to stressors. The one way to address this issue is the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs), namely Stimpo and Regoplant with micromycete Cylindrocarpon obtusiusculum (Sacc.) U. Braun, whose metabolites are the active substance. The objective of this laboratory study was to evaluate possibility to cultivate Cylindrocarpon obtusiusculum on Chapek’s medium with replacing of hydrocarbon component glucose to chipper one – lactose or starch for further production of Stimpo and Regoplant and testing its growth stimulating activity on M. giganteus . The results showed that the most suitable for the growth and accumulation of biomass of C. obtusiusculum was the Chapek media, which includes starch. The mean growth rate of C. obtusiusculum was in 2.3-fold higher on 8th day of cultivation compared to growth on glucose medium and in 3.3-fold higher than growth on lactose medium. It was found that on the 6th day of growth the concentration of biomass accu-mulaed by the strain was higher on the medium with a single carbon source – starch with value of 2.47 g/l, respectively. On the Chapek medium with glucose and lactose, the biomass concentra - tion was twice as low. Obtained results indicated the possibility of replacing glucose – a valuable carbon sources of Chapek’s medium with starch as a cheaper ingredient for PGRs production. Cultivation of C. obtusiusculum with a change in carbohydrate source did not affect the morpho - logical characteristics and development of spore-bearing cultures. On the medium with starch the growth acceleration and formation of mycelial fungal metabolites was observed, which were used further to obtain of the culture fluid and PGRs Stimpo and Regoplant. Their growth – stimulating activity against giant miscanthus was revealed, namely the positive influence on the indicators of Miscanthus establishment and growth rate. The statistical analysis conformed that source of сarbon and type of PGRs effect the length of roots and aerial part of Miscanthus sprouts ( R adj 2 = 0.91 and R adj 2 = 0.87 respectively).","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70171702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assimilation of Nutritive Elements by Winter Wheat Plants of Ukrainian and European Selection After the Resumption of Spring Vegetation","authors":"M. Miroshnychenko, A. Zvonar, E. Panasenko","doi":"10.32819/021001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70171717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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