M. Kharytonov, I. Klimkina, N. Martynova, I. Rula, M. Gispert, G. Pardini, J. Wang
{"title":"The biochar impact on miscanthus and sunflower growth in marginal lands","authors":"M. Kharytonov, I. Klimkina, N. Martynova, I. Rula, M. Gispert, G. Pardini, J. Wang","doi":"10.32819/020001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/020001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47449062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Gritsan, O. Kunah, M. Fedushko, A. Babchenko, V. O. Sirovatko, O. Zhukov, V. I. Kotsun
. The simulation of moisture content in Nikopol manganese ore basin technosols was performed using the Penman-Monteith approach and evaluate the role of the dependence of soils surface albedo from the humidity in the intensity of evapotranspiration. The sod lithogenic soils on loess-like loam and pedozem were chosen as the objects of the investigation. The research was conducted during 2012–2014 years at the investigation station of the remediation within Nikopol manganese ore basin (city Pokrov, Ukraine). The evapotranspiration from the soil surface was calculated by means of Penman-Monteith equation. Root zone moisture depletion is evaluated as the difference between soil water content at field capacity (pF = 2.3) and actual soil water content. The Ks value which is a water stress factor equals 1.0 as long as soil water content is higher than readily available water. If soil water content is lower than readily available water, Ks decreases linearly from one to zero according to total available soil water consumed. The soil water balance is performed in ISAREG with a daily time. The evaluation of readily available water content was carried out based on Penman-Monteith model taking into account meteorological data, technosols wa-ter-physical properties and the dependence of soil surface albedo on soil humidity. The color of the surface of the sod-lithogenic soil on the loess-like loam varies from yellow (2.5Y 4/2) in wet condition to yellow-red (10YR 6/5) in the dry condition. Albedo of this soil depended on the humidity varies in the range 0.17–0.31. The surface color of the pedozem varies from very dark gray (10YR 3/1) in wet condition to light-gray (2.5YR 6/2) in the dry condition. Albedo of this soil depended on the humidity varies in the range 0.10–0.31. There is a linear relationship between the moisture content in the soil and albedo of the soil surface. Albedo changes along with the humidity are most significant in the sod-lithogenic soils on loess-like loams. This is confirmed by the greatest regression coefficient. Albedo changes along with the moisture content are least significant in the pedozem. The distributionі of this index for different teсhnosols are characterized by a high level of similarity of shape due to the fact that the overall climate factors are crucial in shaping the dynamics of moisture. The distributions can be most good represented as a complex mixture of normal distributions. It was found that water supplies monitoring before the start of the growing season can provide valuable information necessary for the selection of crops for cultivation in the current year. The results indicate the urgency of measures to save the winter rainfall on the fields. the content of soluble salts (Shrestha & Lal, 2011). Clay and loamy particle size generates high values of permanent wilting point. This the year with relatively high
{"title":"Albedo of the soil cover as a factor of the temporal dynamics of readily available soil moisture in the technosols of the Nikopol manganese ore basin","authors":"Y. Gritsan, O. Kunah, M. Fedushko, A. Babchenko, V. O. Sirovatko, O. Zhukov, V. I. Kotsun","doi":"10.32819/019024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/019024","url":null,"abstract":". The simulation of moisture content in Nikopol manganese ore basin technosols was performed using the Penman-Monteith approach and evaluate the role of the dependence of soils surface albedo from the humidity in the intensity of evapotranspiration. The sod lithogenic soils on loess-like loam and pedozem were chosen as the objects of the investigation. The research was conducted during 2012–2014 years at the investigation station of the remediation within Nikopol manganese ore basin (city Pokrov, Ukraine). The evapotranspiration from the soil surface was calculated by means of Penman-Monteith equation. Root zone moisture depletion is evaluated as the difference between soil water content at field capacity (pF = 2.3) and actual soil water content. The Ks value which is a water stress factor equals 1.0 as long as soil water content is higher than readily available water. If soil water content is lower than readily available water, Ks decreases linearly from one to zero according to total available soil water consumed. The soil water balance is performed in ISAREG with a daily time. The evaluation of readily available water content was carried out based on Penman-Monteith model taking into account meteorological data, technosols wa-ter-physical properties and the dependence of soil surface albedo on soil humidity. The color of the surface of the sod-lithogenic soil on the loess-like loam varies from yellow (2.5Y 4/2) in wet condition to yellow-red (10YR 6/5) in the dry condition. Albedo of this soil depended on the humidity varies in the range 0.17–0.31. The surface color of the pedozem varies from very dark gray (10YR 3/1) in wet condition to light-gray (2.5YR 6/2) in the dry condition. Albedo of this soil depended on the humidity varies in the range 0.10–0.31. There is a linear relationship between the moisture content in the soil and albedo of the soil surface. Albedo changes along with the humidity are most significant in the sod-lithogenic soils on loess-like loams. This is confirmed by the greatest regression coefficient. Albedo changes along with the moisture content are least significant in the pedozem. The distributionі of this index for different teсhnosols are characterized by a high level of similarity of shape due to the fact that the overall climate factors are crucial in shaping the dynamics of moisture. The distributions can be most good represented as a complex mixture of normal distributions. It was found that water supplies monitoring before the start of the growing season can provide valuable information necessary for the selection of crops for cultivation in the current year. The results indicate the urgency of measures to save the winter rainfall on the fields. the content of soluble salts (Shrestha & Lal, 2011). Clay and loamy particle size generates high values of permanent wilting point. This the year with relatively high","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45930282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bakhmat, I. V. Sendetsky, T. Kozina, V. Sendetsky
Cite this article: Bakhmat, M. I., Sendetsky, I. V., Kozina, T. V, & Sendetsky, V. M. (2019). The influence of growth regulator and seeding rates on the formation of winter rape production in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe. Agrology, 2(3), 189‒193. doi: 10.32819/019027 Abstract. The influence of pre-seed treatment of seeds and oneand two-time spraying of rapeseed winter hybrid Mercedes on growth regulator “Vermiodis” on its productivity in the conditions of the Forest Steppe of the West is covered. The studies were conducted during 2018‒2019 at the Carpathian Agricultural Research Station of the Carpathian region of the NAAS of Ukraine in accordance with existing conventional methods using field, laboratory, statistical, and dispersion methods. Placement of sites is systematic in four repetitions. It has been shown that with Vermyodis a certain amount of nutrients ‒ nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron and other trace elements, as well as amino acids, vitamins and growth substances ‒ enter the plant. These substances activate the enzymatic activity of all plant cells and the formation of stimulating compounds by the plant itself. As a result ‒ the growth of cell energy, changes in the physicochemical properties of protoplasm, intensification of metabolism. The permeability of the root cell membrane increases, the penetration of the mineral nutrient elements of the soil solution to the plants improves, which promotes enhanced nutrient uptake by the plant. In addition, the flow of sugars, amino acids, vitamins and hormones into the plant improves. The flow of water and the absorption of oxygen by plants are accelerated, which in turn intensifies the respiration of plants cell division, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, increases the growth of the root system, above ground mass, increases the yield of dry matter, and therefore the plant’s vital activity is improving. It was found that the growth regulator “Vermyodis” significantly affects the field germination, leaf size and photosynthetic activity of rapeseed agrocenoses of the winter hybrid, which, as a result, leads to an increase in crop productivity. By seed treatment of the seed with a growth regulator at a dose of 5 l/t and spraying of plants during the growing season with the same preparation twice at 4 l/ha at the rate of sowing of 0.6 million/ha of similar seeds, the highest field germination (88.7%) was achieved, survival plants (97.7%). In the same variant, in the flowering phase, the area of the leaf area was 44.7 thousand m2/ha, which is 8.1 thousand m2/ha more than in the control. In the waxy maturity phase, the highest solids accumulation was observed, and the photosynthetic potential of crops at 0.375 million m2/d/ha, the net photosynthesis productivity of 1.27 g/m2 per day were greater relative to control. Yields reached 4.09 t/ha, or 0.6 t/ha more than in the control, the lowest cost is 3764.7 UAH/t, the highest net income is 21386 UAH/ha, with
引用本文:Bakhmat, M. I, Sendetsky, I. V, Kozina, T. V. & Sendetsky, V. M.(2019)。西部森林草原条件下生长调节剂和播量对冬油菜产量形成的影响。农业科学，2(3)，189-193。doi: 10.32819/019027研究了在西部森林草原条件下，油菜冬季杂交种梅赛德斯对种子进行种子前处理和对生长调节剂“Vermiodis”进行一次和两次喷施对其生产力的影响。研究于2018-2019年在乌克兰国家农业科学院喀尔巴阡地区喀尔巴阡农业研究站按照现有的常规方法进行，采用现场、实验室、统计和分散方法。在四次重复中系统地放置站点。研究表明，随着蠕虫草，一定量的营养物质——氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硼和其他微量元素，以及氨基酸、维生素和生长物质——进入植物体内。这些物质激活所有植物细胞的酶活性，并由植物自身形成刺激性化合物。结果-细胞能量的增长，原生质的物理化学性质的变化，代谢的加强。根细胞膜通透性增加，土壤溶液中矿质营养元素对植株的渗透增强，促进植株对养分的吸收增强。此外，糖、氨基酸、维生素和激素进入植物的流动也会改善。植物的水分流动和对氧的吸收加快，反过来又加强了植物的呼吸作用，细胞分裂、光合作用、蛋白质合成，增加了根系的生长、地上质量，增加了干物质的产量，因此植物的生命活动在改善。研究发现，生长调节剂“Vermyodis”对冬季杂交种油菜的田间萌发、叶片大小和光合活性有显著影响，从而提高作物产量。用5 l/t的生长调节剂对种子进行处理，并在生长季节用相同药剂喷施2次，喷施量为4 l/ hm2，播种量为60万粒/ hm2，田间发芽率最高(88.7%)，成活率最高(97.7%)。同一变异花期叶面积为4.47万m2/ha，比对照增加8.1万m2/ha。在蜡质成熟期，固形物积累量最高，光合潜力为0.375万m2/d/ha，净光合生产力为1.27 g/m2 /d/ha。单产达到4.09吨/公顷，比对照增加0.6吨/公顷，最低成本为3764.7 UAH/公顷，最高净收入为21386 UAH/公顷，盈利能力为139.1%。研究的下一阶段将探讨降低抗真菌剂、杀菌剂、杀虫剂和除草剂制造商在与生长调节剂共享时的推荐最高标准的问题。
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Cite this article: Sytnyk, S. A. (2019). Phytomass of the crown component of robinite forests in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Agrology, 2(3), 139‒145. doi: 10.32819/019020 Abstract. The main factors influencing the formation of phytomass of forest plantations are the genetics and origin of the tree species, the conditions of natural habitat, the way of planting, the forest vegetation, weather and climatic conditions of treestanding and the biometric characteristics. The purpose of the study was to develop the norms for assessing the components of the above-ground phytomass of the structural components of the crown of robinite treestands in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. The classical forest-tactical method of material collecting and processing is used in the research. Correlation analysis was used for the statistical processing of data and the regression dependence of the phytosanitary components of the crown plantings of the unrealized plantings from the taxonomic and forestry indices of the treestand was established. A working data set has been formed, which characterizes the phytosanitary components of the krona for assessing the biotic productivity of artificial pine forests. Three-factor mathematical models for estimating phytomass of the crown branches in the cortex, woody greens and leaves are developed and presented. The informative, statistically significant predictors during the development of mathematical models determined the average data of the diameter and height of the stands and relative completeness. Phytomass of wood greens and leaves will be larger in the planting, where the smaller is the average diameter in trees with the same average height and relative completeness. Indicators of the average height of the tree stand and its relative completeness in mathematical models have a positive value, which causes an increase in the phytomass of the components of the crown (branches, woody greens and leaves) with the increase of the indicated biometric and forestry parameters. On the basis of regression models, normative informational tables for the Northern steppe zone of Ukraine were constructed. The proposed alometric equations for calculating the phytomass of branches, woody greens and leaves can be used for practical forest management purposes during forest inventory works, determination of forest use volumes with an orientation towards comprehensive development of resources of robin forest stands.
{"title":"Phytomass of the crown component of robinite forests in the northern steppe of Ukraine","authors":"S. Sytnyk","doi":"10.32819/019020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/019020","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Sytnyk, S. A. (2019). Phytomass of the crown component of robinite forests in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Agrology, 2(3), 139‒145. doi: 10.32819/019020 Abstract. The main factors influencing the formation of phytomass of forest plantations are the genetics and origin of the tree species, the conditions of natural habitat, the way of planting, the forest vegetation, weather and climatic conditions of treestanding and the biometric characteristics. The purpose of the study was to develop the norms for assessing the components of the above-ground phytomass of the structural components of the crown of robinite treestands in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. The classical forest-tactical method of material collecting and processing is used in the research. Correlation analysis was used for the statistical processing of data and the regression dependence of the phytosanitary components of the crown plantings of the unrealized plantings from the taxonomic and forestry indices of the treestand was established. A working data set has been formed, which characterizes the phytosanitary components of the krona for assessing the biotic productivity of artificial pine forests. Three-factor mathematical models for estimating phytomass of the crown branches in the cortex, woody greens and leaves are developed and presented. The informative, statistically significant predictors during the development of mathematical models determined the average data of the diameter and height of the stands and relative completeness. Phytomass of wood greens and leaves will be larger in the planting, where the smaller is the average diameter in trees with the same average height and relative completeness. Indicators of the average height of the tree stand and its relative completeness in mathematical models have a positive value, which causes an increase in the phytomass of the components of the crown (branches, woody greens and leaves) with the increase of the indicated biometric and forestry parameters. On the basis of regression models, normative informational tables for the Northern steppe zone of Ukraine were constructed. The proposed alometric equations for calculating the phytomass of branches, woody greens and leaves can be used for practical forest management purposes during forest inventory works, determination of forest use volumes with an orientation towards comprehensive development of resources of robin forest stands.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43052403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. In connection with the increasing application of chemical substances in the farm production, the microbial associations are being exposed to a bigger negative influence. There -fore, researching of a structure and consistency of the microbial associations is a fundamental task on the way to examine the directions of the biological processes in a soil in purpose to biologize the growing technologies of farm crops. This article presents the results of a field experiment on studying of influence of the microbial preparation ( Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae strain К-29, w. s., 100 ml/hа seed rate), and the plant growth regulator Regoplant (presowing treatment of seeds 250 ml/t), with its further post-emergence application at the rates 50 ml/ha) on the microbiota quantity of particular ecological-trophic groups in the lentil rhizosphere of Linza variety. The quantity of the microorganisms in the phase of budding and blooming af ter application of the plant growth regulator was investigated on the different substrates: MPB (ammonifiers), S. M. Vynohradskoho (nitrifyiers), O. O. Imshenetskoho and L. I. Solncevoi (cel -lulolytic). The quantity of the microorganisms was denominated in colony-forming units (CFU) in 1 gram of dry soil. It is established, that developing of the ecological-trophic groups of microor ganisms in rhizosphere of the lentil was considerably activated in the case of complex application of the investigated biological preparations. The biggest quantity of the nitrifying, ammonifying and cellulolytic microorganisms in the lentil rhizosphere was noticed in the variants of the ex - periment with pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the mixture of microbial preparation ( Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae strain К-29, 100 ml/hа seed rate) and plant growth regulator Regoplant (250 ml/t) with its further postemergence application at the rates 50 ml/ha, where the average exceeding compared to control was 63%, 50% and 40% for the ammonifying, nitrify - ing, and cellulolytic microorganisms. The data obtained complement the scientific understand ing of the study of the influence of biological preparations on the microbiological activity of soil microorganisms in the lentil rhizosphere and formation of perspective for the development of biologically technology of growing culture.
． 由于在农业生产中越来越多地使用化学物质，微生物协会正受到更大的负面影响。因此，研究微生物群落的结构和一致性是研究土壤生物过程方向的一项基本任务，目的是使农作物的生长技术生物化。本文通过田间试验研究了微生物制剂(豆科根瘤菌(Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae)菌株К-29, w.s .， 100 ml/h种子率)和植物生长调节剂Regoplant(播种前处理250ml /t种子)，出苗后再以50 ml/ha的速率施用)对Linza品种小豆荚根际特定生态营养类群微生物数量的影响。在MPB(氨化剂)、S. M. Vynohradskoho(硝化剂)、O. O. Imshenetskoho和L. I. Solncevoi(细胞溶糖剂)不同基质上施用植物生长调节剂后，对萌发期和开花期微生物数量进行了研究。微生物数量以1克干土中的菌落形成单位(CFU)表示。结果表明，在复杂应用所研究的生物制剂的情况下，小扁豆根际微生物的生态营养群的发育得到了极大的激活。在小扁豆根际硝化、氨化和纤维素分解微生物数量最多的试验中，在播种前用微生物制剂(豆科根瘤菌(Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae)菌株К-29, 100 ml/h种子率)和植物生长调节剂Regoplant (250 ml/t)混合处理种子，并在苗期以50 ml/ha的速率进一步施用，平均超过对照63%。50%和40%用于氨化、硝化和纤维素分解微生物。所得数据补充了对生物制剂对扁豆根际土壤微生物活性影响研究的科学认识，为生长培养生物技术的发展形成了前景。
{"title":"The quantity of particular ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms in the lentil rhizosphere under the influence of biological preparations","authors":"V. Karpenko, T. P. Novikova, R. Prytuliak","doi":"10.32819/019021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/019021","url":null,"abstract":". In connection with the increasing application of chemical substances in the farm production, the microbial associations are being exposed to a bigger negative influence. There -fore, researching of a structure and consistency of the microbial associations is a fundamental task on the way to examine the directions of the biological processes in a soil in purpose to biologize the growing technologies of farm crops. This article presents the results of a field experiment on studying of influence of the microbial preparation ( Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae strain К-29, w. s., 100 ml/hа seed rate), and the plant growth regulator Regoplant (presowing treatment of seeds 250 ml/t), with its further post-emergence application at the rates 50 ml/ha) on the microbiota quantity of particular ecological-trophic groups in the lentil rhizosphere of Linza variety. The quantity of the microorganisms in the phase of budding and blooming af ter application of the plant growth regulator was investigated on the different substrates: MPB (ammonifiers), S. M. Vynohradskoho (nitrifyiers), O. O. Imshenetskoho and L. I. Solncevoi (cel -lulolytic). The quantity of the microorganisms was denominated in colony-forming units (CFU) in 1 gram of dry soil. It is established, that developing of the ecological-trophic groups of microor ganisms in rhizosphere of the lentil was considerably activated in the case of complex application of the investigated biological preparations. The biggest quantity of the nitrifying, ammonifying and cellulolytic microorganisms in the lentil rhizosphere was noticed in the variants of the ex - periment with pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the mixture of microbial preparation ( Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viceae strain К-29, 100 ml/hа seed rate) and plant growth regulator Regoplant (250 ml/t) with its further postemergence application at the rates 50 ml/ha, where the average exceeding compared to control was 63%, 50% and 40% for the ammonifying, nitrify - ing, and cellulolytic microorganisms. The data obtained complement the scientific understand ing of the study of the influence of biological preparations on the microbiological activity of soil microorganisms in the lentil rhizosphere and formation of perspective for the development of biologically technology of growing culture.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42939059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Tsyliuryk, V. Horshchar, M. Kotchenko, M. Rumbakh, O. O. Izboldin
Cite this article: Tsyliuryk, O. I., Horshchar, V. I., Kotchenko, M. V., Rumbakh, M. U., & Izboldin O. O. (2019). Soil moisture dynamics in sowings of grain-fallow-cutting crop rotations in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Agrology, 2(3), 170‒180. doi: 10.32819/019025 Abstract. Moisture content is one of the most important conditions of plants life. The productivity of field crops is directly proportional to their moisture content. With enough soil moisture, favorable conditions are created for the growth and development of field crops, and eventually their yield increases. There is situation, that not formed a permeable, least saturated soil moisture class, in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine, regardless of the methods and systems of soil cultivation. That is, it was not typical for the annual wetting of one and a half meter of soil, which was characterized by a lack of normative amount of precipitation during December–February, the absence of snow cover with increased wind activity. Precipitation water humidifies the soil only by 90–110 cm to the level of HM (the highest moisture content), resulting in a dry layer between the accumulated moisture during the cold period and the moisture in the deep layers of soil at the level of PM (persistent moisture). During spring-summer vegetation of plants, the root system, reaching the dry layer (PM), in most cases cannot reach deeper layers; with the plants begin to suffer from drought, especially in the absence of rainfall during the growing season, reducing the yield. Total soil moisture costs varied within a narrow range (306.2–310.4 mm) and remained almost unchanged depending on the tillage systems. Economical water consumption by field crops is characteristic of a shallow mulching system of soil cultivation, as evidenced by the decrease of the index of water consumption by 13.4 mm/t compared to the board system. The advantage of the board system of cultivation of soil in the additional accumulation of moisture during the autumn-winter period is noted in the years with frosty snowy winters, slow and prolonged snowmelt, shallow mulch flat-cut loosening – in case of shortage of the normative amount of rainfall during December – February, lack of snow cover and increased wind activity. The use of preserving (chisel) cultivation under a differentiated system increases the moisture accumulation by 91.0–179.0 m3/ha in the autumn-winter period due to plant residues that delay more snow, especially in the warm snow-less winters. The use of a shallow mulching system of soil cultivation, despite the decrease in grain yield, contributes to a more economical consumption of moisture per unit of crop by 1.1‒1.2 times during the growing of field crops.
{"title":"Soil moisture dynamics in sowings of grain-fallow-cutting crop rotations in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"O. Tsyliuryk, V. Horshchar, M. Kotchenko, M. Rumbakh, O. O. Izboldin","doi":"10.32819/019025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/019025","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Tsyliuryk, O. I., Horshchar, V. I., Kotchenko, M. V., Rumbakh, M. U., & Izboldin O. O. (2019). Soil moisture dynamics in sowings of grain-fallow-cutting crop rotations in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. Agrology, 2(3), 170‒180. doi: 10.32819/019025 Abstract. Moisture content is one of the most important conditions of plants life. The productivity of field crops is directly proportional to their moisture content. With enough soil moisture, favorable conditions are created for the growth and development of field crops, and eventually their yield increases. There is situation, that not formed a permeable, least saturated soil moisture class, in the conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine, regardless of the methods and systems of soil cultivation. That is, it was not typical for the annual wetting of one and a half meter of soil, which was characterized by a lack of normative amount of precipitation during December–February, the absence of snow cover with increased wind activity. Precipitation water humidifies the soil only by 90–110 cm to the level of HM (the highest moisture content), resulting in a dry layer between the accumulated moisture during the cold period and the moisture in the deep layers of soil at the level of PM (persistent moisture). During spring-summer vegetation of plants, the root system, reaching the dry layer (PM), in most cases cannot reach deeper layers; with the plants begin to suffer from drought, especially in the absence of rainfall during the growing season, reducing the yield. Total soil moisture costs varied within a narrow range (306.2–310.4 mm) and remained almost unchanged depending on the tillage systems. Economical water consumption by field crops is characteristic of a shallow mulching system of soil cultivation, as evidenced by the decrease of the index of water consumption by 13.4 mm/t compared to the board system. The advantage of the board system of cultivation of soil in the additional accumulation of moisture during the autumn-winter period is noted in the years with frosty snowy winters, slow and prolonged snowmelt, shallow mulch flat-cut loosening – in case of shortage of the normative amount of rainfall during December – February, lack of snow cover and increased wind activity. The use of preserving (chisel) cultivation under a differentiated system increases the moisture accumulation by 91.0–179.0 m3/ha in the autumn-winter period due to plant residues that delay more snow, especially in the warm snow-less winters. The use of a shallow mulching system of soil cultivation, despite the decrease in grain yield, contributes to a more economical consumption of moisture per unit of crop by 1.1‒1.2 times during the growing of field crops.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46413072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cite this article: Dotsenko, V. I., & Tkachuk, T. I. (2019). Calculation of moisture in various soil layers under corn crops according to the agrohydrometeorological data. Agrology, 2(3), 181‒188. doi: 10.32819/019026 Abstract. Agricultural crops during the growing season use moisture from various layers of soil. The root-bearing layer of corn varies from 10 cm in the period of sowing to 70‒80 cm in the period of ripeness. It raises the question of determining the soil moisture for every day of vegetation at any depth. It is proved that now the agrohydrometeorological method for determining the moisture reserves in the meter and half-meter soil layers yields good results. Therefore, in this work, the use of this method for calculating soil moisture throughout the soil profile with an interval of 10 cm is substantiated. The proposed model for the formation of moisture reserves yields good results both in natural moisture and in the case of irrigation. The use of this model for soil moisture formation according to seven meteorological stations in Dnipropetrovsk region is explored. As an example, the results of the meteorological station Gubinicha are presented. The results obtained in this way can be presented in the form of moisture content as a percentage of the mass of dry soil or as a fraction of the lowest moisture content in depth during the vegetation. The method allows the use of meteorological values, measured directly on the studied areas. This is especially true of rainfall and irrigation. The application of research results will help to more accurately determine the moisture reserves in the roots of the soil layer, to plan the optimal timing of sowing crops, to effectively carry out care activities, to target mineral fertilizers, and to maintain soil moisture in the required limits for irrigation.
{"title":"Calculation of moisture in various soil layers under corn crops according to the agrohydrometeorological dat","authors":"V. I. Dotsenko, T. Tkachuk","doi":"10.32819/019026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/019026","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Dotsenko, V. I., & Tkachuk, T. I. (2019). Calculation of moisture in various soil layers under corn crops according to the agrohydrometeorological data. Agrology, 2(3), 181‒188. doi: 10.32819/019026 Abstract. Agricultural crops during the growing season use moisture from various layers of soil. The root-bearing layer of corn varies from 10 cm in the period of sowing to 70‒80 cm in the period of ripeness. It raises the question of determining the soil moisture for every day of vegetation at any depth. It is proved that now the agrohydrometeorological method for determining the moisture reserves in the meter and half-meter soil layers yields good results. Therefore, in this work, the use of this method for calculating soil moisture throughout the soil profile with an interval of 10 cm is substantiated. The proposed model for the formation of moisture reserves yields good results both in natural moisture and in the case of irrigation. The use of this model for soil moisture formation according to seven meteorological stations in Dnipropetrovsk region is explored. As an example, the results of the meteorological station Gubinicha are presented. The results obtained in this way can be presented in the form of moisture content as a percentage of the mass of dry soil or as a fraction of the lowest moisture content in depth during the vegetation. The method allows the use of meteorological values, measured directly on the studied areas. This is especially true of rainfall and irrigation. The application of research results will help to more accurately determine the moisture reserves in the roots of the soil layer, to plan the optimal timing of sowing crops, to effectively carry out care activities, to target mineral fertilizers, and to maintain soil moisture in the required limits for irrigation.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45072374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cite this article: Hubanova, N. L. (2019). Production of zoobenthos in various areas of the Dnipro (Zaporizhzhia) reservoir. Agrology, 2(3), 156‒160. doi: 10.32819/019023 Abstract. The paper presents the results obtained during the study of zoobenthos found in various reservoir areas located at a considerable distance from each other and influenced by various environmental factors. The purpose of the study was to analyze the species diversity of benthos using the Shannon, Menchinik and Goodnight indices, distribution of benthic groups and abundance of hydrobionts. The reservoir environment is influenced by the abundance of hydrobionts and their functional features. Zoobenthos plays a key role in hydroecology of the reservoir, therefore, the study of its species composition is an important issue. As part of the study, diversity and abundance of zoobenthic groups were analyzed in various areas of the reservoir. Zoobenthos of the reservoir is represented by five systematic groups that include 104 species of various origins at different stages of development with the dominant larval stage. The species diversity is influenced not only by external environmental factors, but also by the profundal and littoral zones of the reservoir. There are numerous biotopes with muddy bottom layers formed by the increased amounts of organic matter in the areas. The water quality was determined using the Mayer and Menchinic indices, and the species diversity of hydrobionts was measured using the Shannon index. The biotopes near Viyskove village was found to be a conditionally clean area as the water quality there complied with the standards and the registered number of benthic organisms was significantly higher compared with other groups. Particular attention should be paid to the areas located near the Dnipro Pipe and Dnipro Metallurgical Plants that discharge industrial wastewater with significant levels of pollutants of various origins; these areas are extremely poor in hydrobionts and the water there does not meet the quality standard. They also have poor species diversity, represented by one or two species of invertebrates. In view of further changes in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, global climate changes, further development of light and heavy industries and their impact on the ecosystem of the Dnipro (Zaporizhzhia) Reservoir, we came to the conclusion that continuous monitoring studies should be performed on all groups of aquatic organisms as well as hydrochemical characteristics of water and trophic links in the formation of the reservoir forage base.
{"title":"Production of zoobenthos in various areas of the Dnipro (Zaporizhzhia) reservoir","authors":"N. Hubanova","doi":"10.32819/019023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/019023","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Hubanova, N. L. (2019). Production of zoobenthos in various areas of the Dnipro (Zaporizhzhia) reservoir. Agrology, 2(3), 156‒160. doi: 10.32819/019023 Abstract. The paper presents the results obtained during the study of zoobenthos found in various reservoir areas located at a considerable distance from each other and influenced by various environmental factors. The purpose of the study was to analyze the species diversity of benthos using the Shannon, Menchinik and Goodnight indices, distribution of benthic groups and abundance of hydrobionts. The reservoir environment is influenced by the abundance of hydrobionts and their functional features. Zoobenthos plays a key role in hydroecology of the reservoir, therefore, the study of its species composition is an important issue. As part of the study, diversity and abundance of zoobenthic groups were analyzed in various areas of the reservoir. Zoobenthos of the reservoir is represented by five systematic groups that include 104 species of various origins at different stages of development with the dominant larval stage. The species diversity is influenced not only by external environmental factors, but also by the profundal and littoral zones of the reservoir. There are numerous biotopes with muddy bottom layers formed by the increased amounts of organic matter in the areas. The water quality was determined using the Mayer and Menchinic indices, and the species diversity of hydrobionts was measured using the Shannon index. The biotopes near Viyskove village was found to be a conditionally clean area as the water quality there complied with the standards and the registered number of benthic organisms was significantly higher compared with other groups. Particular attention should be paid to the areas located near the Dnipro Pipe and Dnipro Metallurgical Plants that discharge industrial wastewater with significant levels of pollutants of various origins; these areas are extremely poor in hydrobionts and the water there does not meet the quality standard. They also have poor species diversity, represented by one or two species of invertebrates. In view of further changes in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, global climate changes, further development of light and heavy industries and their impact on the ecosystem of the Dnipro (Zaporizhzhia) Reservoir, we came to the conclusion that continuous monitoring studies should be performed on all groups of aquatic organisms as well as hydrochemical characteristics of water and trophic links in the formation of the reservoir forage base.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44515729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Crop irrigation on chernozems inappropriate to ecological requirements is often accompanied by degradation changes of soils: flooding, secondary salinization and soil alkalinity, destructurization, violation of gas regime, dehumidification, etc. Thus the necessity occurred to study comprehensively the changes in agroecological state of soils, having been irrigated with mineral water under conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. It has been proved that the irrigated soil solonization is a widespread negative process on irrigated lands, which is deter-mined by the qualitative composition of irrigation water, the initial soil properties, which deter- mines their anti solonization buffering, depth of occurrence, and mineralization of groundwater. According to the latest publications, the area of irrigated solonizated soils of Ukraine is almost 800 thousand hectares, of which more than 700 thousand hectares are poorly solonizated, about 90 thousand hectare are medium and high solonizated. Field experiments, based on the state enterprise “Experimental farm of Dnipro experimental station of the Institute of vegetable and melon growing of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine” (Oleksandrivka village of Dniprovsky district, Dnipropetrovsk region, 2010‒2015), included 4 variants and two factors: phosphogypsum application as a chemical ameliorant by various dosages under irrigation and without it. Analysis of the water extraction of soil in all variants of experiments showed an increase in water-soluble salts (sulfates by anions, calcium by cations) when calcium-containing meliorants are introduced. However, phosphogypsum application with different dosages did not significantly affect the type of soil salinity. In all experiments with phosphogypsum application the largest number of anions was in sulfate type of salinity, and cations in sodium one, which is explained by the inflow of these ions with irrigation water and phosphogypsum. Exceptions are checklists. According to the content of toxic salts, all variants ranged from 0.3% to 0.6%, that is, according to the sulfate type, they were characterized by an average degree of soil salinity. The introduction of phosphogypsum on irrigated alkalinized soils under irrigation and without it, leads to an increase in the total amount of salts in the soil layer of 0 to 15 cm in comparison with the initial parameters (up to 4.22 meq/100 g of soil). When phosphogypsum was applied at a rate of 6 t/ha without irrigation, salt accumulation in the layer 45‒60 cm was observed, and when irrigated and introduced phosphogypsum at a rate of 3 t/ha salt was concentrated in a layer of 75‒60 cm. In the soil layer 90‒105 cm, the amount of salts was leveled to the initial conditions. Chemical melioration results to increase Ca +2 ions throughout the soil profile. Concentration of sodium ions in the application of phosphogypsum in the arable soil layer decreased by 30‒37% due to the increase of calcium ion and displace
{"title":"Influence of phosphogypsum on the chemical composition of aqueous extract from soil","authors":"D. Onopriienko, A. Shepel, T. Makarova","doi":"10.32819/019022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/019022","url":null,"abstract":". Crop irrigation on chernozems inappropriate to ecological requirements is often accompanied by degradation changes of soils: flooding, secondary salinization and soil alkalinity, destructurization, violation of gas regime, dehumidification, etc. Thus the necessity occurred to study comprehensively the changes in agroecological state of soils, having been irrigated with mineral water under conditions of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. It has been proved that the irrigated soil solonization is a widespread negative process on irrigated lands, which is deter-mined by the qualitative composition of irrigation water, the initial soil properties, which deter- mines their anti solonization buffering, depth of occurrence, and mineralization of groundwater. According to the latest publications, the area of irrigated solonizated soils of Ukraine is almost 800 thousand hectares, of which more than 700 thousand hectares are poorly solonizated, about 90 thousand hectare are medium and high solonizated. Field experiments, based on the state enterprise “Experimental farm of Dnipro experimental station of the Institute of vegetable and melon growing of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine” (Oleksandrivka village of Dniprovsky district, Dnipropetrovsk region, 2010‒2015), included 4 variants and two factors: phosphogypsum application as a chemical ameliorant by various dosages under irrigation and without it. Analysis of the water extraction of soil in all variants of experiments showed an increase in water-soluble salts (sulfates by anions, calcium by cations) when calcium-containing meliorants are introduced. However, phosphogypsum application with different dosages did not significantly affect the type of soil salinity. In all experiments with phosphogypsum application the largest number of anions was in sulfate type of salinity, and cations in sodium one, which is explained by the inflow of these ions with irrigation water and phosphogypsum. Exceptions are checklists. According to the content of toxic salts, all variants ranged from 0.3% to 0.6%, that is, according to the sulfate type, they were characterized by an average degree of soil salinity. The introduction of phosphogypsum on irrigated alkalinized soils under irrigation and without it, leads to an increase in the total amount of salts in the soil layer of 0 to 15 cm in comparison with the initial parameters (up to 4.22 meq/100 g of soil). When phosphogypsum was applied at a rate of 6 t/ha without irrigation, salt accumulation in the layer 45‒60 cm was observed, and when irrigated and introduced phosphogypsum at a rate of 3 t/ha salt was concentrated in a layer of 75‒60 cm. In the soil layer 90‒105 cm, the amount of salts was leveled to the initial conditions. Chemical melioration results to increase Ca +2 ions throughout the soil profile. Concentration of sodium ions in the application of phosphogypsum in the arable soil layer decreased by 30‒37% due to the increase of calcium ion and displace","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46864893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Vasylieva, R. Novitskyi, N. Hubanova, A. Horchanok, V. O. Sapronova
. The results of assessing the dynamics of water quality changes in artificial reser - voirs after annual seasonal pumping are presented. The hydrochemical index was the criterion for evaluation, a comparative environmental assessment of the quality of the channel water was carried out by quantity of this index. It is proved that the hydroecosystem of the “Dnipro‒Don bas” channel is a dynamic system that requires constant monitoring, identification, elimination of sources of pollution and conducting of hydrotechnical and melioration works. The index of the specific indicator block and the trophic-saprophytic indicator block are twice bigger than the sa - linity index, that means the indices of these blocks have a significant effect on the deterioration of water quality in the channel. It was established that hydrotechnical arrangements affect the level of mineralization in the reservoir: there are processes of salts migration in the water, the level of sulfates and chlorides significantly decreases. The carrying out of hydrotechnical arrangements affects the level of saprobity in the reservoirs, which leads to a significant increase of the oxygen level in water. In the channel water before pumping a high content of 90 Sr is observed, although in the organisms of fish (goldfish Carassius auratus gibelio , silver carp Hypophthalmichthys moli- trix , grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella , common carp Cyprinus carpio , eastern bream Abramis brama ) the content of radionuclides ( 137 Cs, 90 Sr) remains within permissible levels. After pumping water, the content of radionuclides decreases by 9.7 times. Fish products in the “Dnipro‒Donbas” channel are safe by radioecological indicators. Due to the dilution of water the dynamics of eutro-phication processes decreases; during mixing aeration of water masses occurs, which undoubtedly positively affects the state of the ecosystem of the “Dnipro‒Donbas” channel. The water quality of the “Dnipro‒Donbas” channel with the average values of the indicators before pumping and after it belongs to the second class of quality and can be evaluated as “good” and “clean”. The above calculations show the positive influence of hydrotechnical works on the quality of water in the channel. Hydrobiological, biochemical, microbiological indicators and indicators of biological testing require further research for effective compensatory environmental arrangements, develop- ment of recommendations on the mode of operation of the “Dnipro‒Donbas” channel. To assess objectively the environmental status of the channel it is necessary to develop and implement an effective environmental monitoring system.
{"title":"Dynamics of quality indicators of water status in the principal channel “Dnipro‒Donbas” resulting of seasonal pumping","authors":"O. Vasylieva, R. Novitskyi, N. Hubanova, A. Horchanok, V. O. Sapronova","doi":"10.32819/019015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/019015","url":null,"abstract":". The results of assessing the dynamics of water quality changes in artificial reser - voirs after annual seasonal pumping are presented. The hydrochemical index was the criterion for evaluation, a comparative environmental assessment of the quality of the channel water was carried out by quantity of this index. It is proved that the hydroecosystem of the “Dnipro‒Don bas” channel is a dynamic system that requires constant monitoring, identification, elimination of sources of pollution and conducting of hydrotechnical and melioration works. The index of the specific indicator block and the trophic-saprophytic indicator block are twice bigger than the sa - linity index, that means the indices of these blocks have a significant effect on the deterioration of water quality in the channel. It was established that hydrotechnical arrangements affect the level of mineralization in the reservoir: there are processes of salts migration in the water, the level of sulfates and chlorides significantly decreases. The carrying out of hydrotechnical arrangements affects the level of saprobity in the reservoirs, which leads to a significant increase of the oxygen level in water. In the channel water before pumping a high content of 90 Sr is observed, although in the organisms of fish (goldfish Carassius auratus gibelio , silver carp Hypophthalmichthys moli- trix , grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella , common carp Cyprinus carpio , eastern bream Abramis brama ) the content of radionuclides ( 137 Cs, 90 Sr) remains within permissible levels. After pumping water, the content of radionuclides decreases by 9.7 times. Fish products in the “Dnipro‒Donbas” channel are safe by radioecological indicators. Due to the dilution of water the dynamics of eutro-phication processes decreases; during mixing aeration of water masses occurs, which undoubtedly positively affects the state of the ecosystem of the “Dnipro‒Donbas” channel. The water quality of the “Dnipro‒Donbas” channel with the average values of the indicators before pumping and after it belongs to the second class of quality and can be evaluated as “good” and “clean”. The above calculations show the positive influence of hydrotechnical works on the quality of water in the channel. Hydrobiological, biochemical, microbiological indicators and indicators of biological testing require further research for effective compensatory environmental arrangements, develop- ment of recommendations on the mode of operation of the “Dnipro‒Donbas” channel. To assess objectively the environmental status of the channel it is necessary to develop and implement an effective environmental monitoring system.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48456580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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