Remote sensing detected the impact of road construction on important environmental properties. The digital elevation model was applied to assess the impact of road construction on environmental regimes. The study focused on the total area of the 3-km zone of influence (monitoring zone of probable impact) around the national road H-31 Dnipro-Tsarychanka-Kobeliaky-Reshetylivka from Loboikivka village to the boundary of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. The following derivatives of the digital elevation model are considered as geomorphological variables: the topographic wetness index (TWI) and erosion factor (LS). To model the effect of road construction on the moisture regime and dynamics of erosion processes, the TWI and LS indices were calculated for a digital terrain model without a road and with a road with an elevation that corresponds to the planned level. Thus, the road is considered as an anthropogenic landform that changes the direction of water redistribution along the topography and thus affects the potential moisture conditions and erosion risks. The modeling results indicate that the transformation of the water regime will be observed within the entire 3-km monitoring area. Deviations from the normal value can be up to 7 units by module, which is about one third of the landscape-wide range of topographic moisture index values. Almost no impact of construction can be predicted for 80.7% of the territory. For 10.6% of the territory, the increase in moisture regime will be moderate, and for 3.2% of the area the increase will be very significant. In turn, for 4.3% of the area the decrease in humidification will be moderate, and for 1.2% the decrease will be very significant. The greatest impact on the redistribution of moisture conditions is predicted in the immediate vicinity of the road. Changes in the moisture regime can have significant negative consequences for both soil cover and biotic components of ecosystems. Changes in vegetation as a consequence of changes in both moisture and trophic conditions can be considered as possible scenarios for the development of landscape cover dynamics.
{"title":"Assessment of environmental impact of road construction based on results of remote sensing monitoring","authors":"N. Neposhyvailenko, I. Omelych, N. Dziuba","doi":"10.32819/202408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/202408","url":null,"abstract":"Remote sensing detected the impact of road construction on important environmental properties. The digital elevation model was applied to assess the impact of road construction on environmental regimes. The study focused on the total area of the 3-km zone of influence (monitoring zone of probable impact) around the national road H-31 Dnipro-Tsarychanka-Kobeliaky-Reshetylivka from Loboikivka village to the boundary of Dnipropetrovsk Oblast. The following derivatives of the digital elevation model are considered as geomorphological variables: the topographic wetness index (TWI) and erosion factor (LS). To model the effect of road construction on the moisture regime and dynamics of erosion processes, the TWI and LS indices were calculated for a digital terrain model without a road and with a road with an elevation that corresponds to the planned level. Thus, the road is considered as an anthropogenic landform that changes the direction of water redistribution along the topography and thus affects the potential moisture conditions and erosion risks. The modeling results indicate that the transformation of the water regime will be observed within the entire 3-km monitoring area. Deviations from the normal value can be up to 7 units by module, which is about one third of the landscape-wide range of topographic moisture index values. Almost no impact of construction can be predicted for 80.7% of the territory. For 10.6% of the territory, the increase in moisture regime will be moderate, and for 3.2% of the area the increase will be very significant. In turn, for 4.3% of the area the decrease in humidification will be moderate, and for 1.2% the decrease will be very significant. The greatest impact on the redistribution of moisture conditions is predicted in the immediate vicinity of the road. Changes in the moisture regime can have significant negative consequences for both soil cover and biotic components of ecosystems. Changes in vegetation as a consequence of changes in both moisture and trophic conditions can be considered as possible scenarios for the development of landscape cover dynamics.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"24 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the next 70 years, the average annual temperature in Europe is projected to increase by 4.1 °C. In Zhytomyr Oblast, this figure is likely to increase by 4.4 °C. The amount of precipitation in Europe is expected to increase by an average of 60.3 mm per year, with Zhytomyr Oblast experiencing an 87.2 mm per year increase in precipitation compared to the current state. As a consequence of the global climate change, the habitat-preference index will decline for 159 species (60.1%), remain virtually unchanged for 20 species (7.6%), and improve for 83 species (31.7%). The primary factors influencing the differentiation of avian ecological niches by climate regimes are thermal gradient, precipitation gradient, and temporal variability of precipitation throughout the year. With regard to the landscape aspect, bird species can be differentiated according to their campophilous/dendrophilous characteristics, their water-intensive/rural or urban/rural tendencies. Soil conditions are a determining factor in the landscape aspect of ecological niches. As a consequence of the global climate change, the habitat preference index will increase for species that are more thermophilic and prefer conditions with higher precipitation. According to predictions, over the coming 70 years, the number of campophilous birds will increase as compared to dendrophilous birds as a result of the global warming. Moisture-loving campophiles will be outcompeted by rural species, and rural species will be outcompeted by urban species. In response to the climate change, populations of bird species are shifting their geographical ranges to regions with suitable climatic conditions. The knowledge of the characteristics of ecological niches is the foundation for anticipating alterations in species distributions in response to global climate change in the future. The estimation of niche parameters is contingent upon the model employed to fit the observed data. The beta model is a flexible and versatile tool that enables comparisons to be made between species complexes. The thermal projection of ecological niche was employed to categorise bird species into ecological groups based on the position of the optimum zone and the width of tolerance amplitude. Ecological groups differ in their prospects in the context of global climate change. It can be predicted that the trends of stenotopic megatherms will improve, whereas those of all other bird species will deteriorate. The most pessimistic scenario is expected for stenotopic microtherms. The analysis of the ecological properties of birds in the region identified 10 functional axes, three of which correlate with the sensitivity of bird species to the global climate change. The prediction of impact of landscape factors on species distribution is challenging. However, the structure of the functional axes allows us to identify which ecological niche parameters, determined by landscape conditions, are more sensitive to birds. Functional axes
{"title":"The ecological traits of birds in the context of future changes of their ranges under the impact of global climate change","authors":"R. Tkachuk, Y. Nykytiuk","doi":"10.32819/202407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/202407","url":null,"abstract":"Over the next 70 years, the average annual temperature in Europe is projected to increase by 4.1 °C. In Zhytomyr Oblast, this figure is likely to increase by 4.4 °C. The amount of precipitation in Europe is expected to increase by an average of 60.3 mm per year, with Zhytomyr Oblast experiencing an 87.2 mm per year increase in precipitation compared to the current state. As a consequence of the global climate change, the habitat-preference index will decline for 159 species (60.1%), remain virtually unchanged for 20 species (7.6%), and improve for 83 species (31.7%). The primary factors influencing the differentiation of avian ecological niches by climate regimes are thermal gradient, precipitation gradient, and temporal variability of precipitation throughout the year. With regard to the landscape aspect, bird species can be differentiated according to their campophilous/dendrophilous characteristics, their water-intensive/rural or urban/rural tendencies. Soil conditions are a determining factor in the landscape aspect of ecological niches. As a consequence of the global climate change, the habitat preference index will increase for species that are more thermophilic and prefer conditions with higher precipitation. According to predictions, over the coming 70 years, the number of campophilous birds will increase as compared to dendrophilous birds as a result of the global warming. Moisture-loving campophiles will be outcompeted by rural species, and rural species will be outcompeted by urban species. In response to the climate change, populations of bird species are shifting their geographical ranges to regions with suitable climatic conditions. The knowledge of the characteristics of ecological niches is the foundation for anticipating alterations in species distributions in response to global climate change in the future. The estimation of niche parameters is contingent upon the model employed to fit the observed data. The beta model is a flexible and versatile tool that enables comparisons to be made between species complexes. The thermal projection of ecological niche was employed to categorise bird species into ecological groups based on the position of the optimum zone and the width of tolerance amplitude. Ecological groups differ in their prospects in the context of global climate change. It can be predicted that the trends of stenotopic megatherms will improve, whereas those of all other bird species will deteriorate. The most pessimistic scenario is expected for stenotopic microtherms. The analysis of the ecological properties of birds in the region identified 10 functional axes, three of which correlate with the sensitivity of bird species to the global climate change. The prediction of impact of landscape factors on species distribution is challenging. However, the structure of the functional axes allows us to identify which ecological niche parameters, determined by landscape conditions, are more sensitive to birds. Functional axes ","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"115 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Lykhovyd, R. Vozhehova, L. Hranovska, I. Bidnyna
Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is frequently used in monitoring of meteorological events. The goal of this study was to establish the relationship between the spatial NDVI with air temperature and precipitation amounts in major crops cultivated in the steppe zone of Ukraine, namely, winter wheat, winter rapeseed, grain corn, soybeans, and sunflower. The study included the croplands of eight regions: the Crimea, Kherson, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Zaporizhzhia, Dnipropetrovsk, Kirovohrad, and Kharkiv. The yield data were retrieved from the official bodies of the State Statistical Service of Ukraine. The meteorological data on monthly air temperature and rainfall were retrieved from regional hydrometeorological centers. The NDVI values were retrieved from the GIMMS Global Agricultural Monitoring System, which provides Terrain MODIS NDVI 8-Day smoothed time series with 250 m resolution. The study was performed for the 2021-2022 for winter rapeseed and sunflower; 2017 and 2020 for grain corn; 2022 for winter wheat; and 2017 for soybeans. We found almost no or weak correlation between monthly NDVI values of the studied crops and rainfall amounts. A stronger correlation was found for air temperature, with the greatest values of the correlation coefficient of 0.76, 0.72, –0.72 for sunflower, soybeans, and winter wheat, respectively. The linear regression models, developed to predict NDVI based on the air temperature for the mentioned crops, provided good prediction accuracy with the relative error within 10–20%. The best overall fit and accuracy was produced by the model of sunflower’s NDVI. Only winter crops were observed to have a negative correlation with air temperature, suggesting that the cultivated varieties of these crops are heat-intolerant.
{"title":"The link between the normalized difference vegetation index in major crops and meteorological factors","authors":"P. Lykhovyd, R. Vozhehova, L. Hranovska, I. Bidnyna","doi":"10.32819/202406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/202406","url":null,"abstract":"Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is frequently used in monitoring of meteorological events. The goal of this study was to establish the relationship between the spatial NDVI with air temperature and precipitation amounts in major crops cultivated in the steppe zone of Ukraine, namely, winter wheat, winter rapeseed, grain corn, soybeans, and sunflower. The study included the croplands of eight regions: the Crimea, Kherson, Mykolaiv, Odesa, Zaporizhzhia, Dnipropetrovsk, Kirovohrad, and Kharkiv. The yield data were retrieved from the official bodies of the State Statistical Service of Ukraine. The meteorological data on monthly air temperature and rainfall were retrieved from regional hydrometeorological centers. The NDVI values were retrieved from the GIMMS Global Agricultural Monitoring System, which provides Terrain MODIS NDVI 8-Day smoothed time series with 250 m resolution. The study was performed for the 2021-2022 for winter rapeseed and sunflower; 2017 and 2020 for grain corn; 2022 for winter wheat; and 2017 for soybeans. We found almost no or weak correlation between monthly NDVI values of the studied crops and rainfall amounts. A stronger correlation was found for air temperature, with the greatest values of the correlation coefficient of 0.76, 0.72, –0.72 for sunflower, soybeans, and winter wheat, respectively. The linear regression models, developed to predict NDVI based on the air temperature for the mentioned crops, provided good prediction accuracy with the relative error within 10–20%. The best overall fit and accuracy was produced by the model of sunflower’s NDVI. Only winter crops were observed to have a negative correlation with air temperature, suggesting that the cultivated varieties of these crops are heat-intolerant.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"44 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over a ten-year period, the volumes of formed ground biomass of oil radish and its biochemical composition were estimated for spring and summer plantings in terms of its green manure application. The formed leaf and stem mass of the oil radish variety Zhuravka was studied using official AOAC international analysis methods, liquid chromatography, methods of field evaluation of yield and weight and equivalent indicators. The effectiveness of green manure application was assessed by the method of multicriteria-decision support. Oil radish was confirmed to have a high adaptive potential at the maximum level of determination of bioproductivity, with an optimal moisture and temperature supply of up to 40%. The long-term average productive and biochemical portfolio of oil radish was identified as follows: 21.19 t/ha of leaf-stem ground mass with 62.3% soil cover 70 days after sowing, 2.8% nitrogen, 22.8% fibre, 0.6% phosphorus, 3.8% potassium, 16.6 μmol/g glucosinolates at the C/N ratio of 14.7, 83% plant-mass quality, and 48.1 mol/ha biofumigation potential based on glucosinolate aucumulation. The study confirmed the high potential of oilseed-radish adaptability to the regimes of unstable moisture of territories, finding interannual variation of the total bioproductivity and biochemical parameters of leaf-mass quality with the value of the variation coefficient ranging 23.6–31.2%, depending on the sowing date. The effectiveness of oilseed radish was also revealed by comparison with the similar interannual variation of hydrothermal conditions of vegetation (the amount of precipitation 48.2%, average daily temperature 27.5%, moisture coefficient 68.1%, and aridity index 58.9%). Oilseed radish was found to be agrobiologically and agrotechnologically feasibile to be used in the system of both spring and summer (intermediate) green manure technologies in grey loess soils under conditions of unstable moisture, as indicated by its bioproductivity and biochemical quality of leaf mass, as well as the results of the components of the multicriteria assessment of the plant as green manure, the value of normalised weight coefficients ranging 0.62–0.99
{"title":"Influence of biochemical composition of above-ground biomass of oilseed radish on the expediency of its green manure application","authors":"Y. G. Tsytsiura","doi":"10.32819/202409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/202409","url":null,"abstract":"Over a ten-year period, the volumes of formed ground biomass of oil radish and its biochemical composition were estimated for spring and summer plantings in terms of its green manure application. The formed leaf and stem mass of the oil radish variety Zhuravka was studied using official AOAC international analysis methods, liquid chromatography, methods of field evaluation of yield and weight and equivalent indicators. The effectiveness of green manure application was assessed by the method of multicriteria-decision support. Oil radish was confirmed to have a high adaptive potential at the maximum level of determination of bioproductivity, with an optimal moisture and temperature supply of up to 40%. The long-term average productive and biochemical portfolio of oil radish was identified as follows: 21.19 t/ha of leaf-stem ground mass with 62.3% soil cover 70 days after sowing, 2.8% nitrogen, 22.8% fibre, 0.6% phosphorus, 3.8% potassium, 16.6 μmol/g glucosinolates at the C/N ratio of 14.7, 83% plant-mass quality, and 48.1 mol/ha biofumigation potential based on glucosinolate aucumulation. The study confirmed the high potential of oilseed-radish adaptability to the regimes of unstable moisture of territories, finding interannual variation of the total bioproductivity and biochemical parameters of leaf-mass quality with the value of the variation coefficient ranging 23.6–31.2%, depending on the sowing date. The effectiveness of oilseed radish was also revealed by comparison with the similar interannual variation of hydrothermal conditions of vegetation (the amount of precipitation 48.2%, average daily temperature 27.5%, moisture coefficient 68.1%, and aridity index 58.9%). Oilseed radish was found to be agrobiologically and agrotechnologically feasibile to be used in the system of both spring and summer (intermediate) green manure technologies in grey loess soils under conditions of unstable moisture, as indicated by its bioproductivity and biochemical quality of leaf mass, as well as the results of the components of the multicriteria assessment of the plant as green manure, the value of normalised weight coefficients ranging 0.62–0.99","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"49 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We analyzed the encrustation of winter barley seeds, which includes its preliminary treatment with cuprum glycinate, with the purpose of increasing yield and biochemical indicators of grain, and also improving the ecological condition of the soil. The objective of the research was to select methods for the synthesis of cuprum glycinate, study its chemical composition and the possibility of using this compound as a chelated micro-fertilizer for pre-sowing encrustation of winter barley seed as part of a tank mixture. Two well-known synthesis methods were used to obtain cuprum glycinate. The first method was the interaction between CuO with a solution of glycine during heating, during which pink metallic copper inclusions were noticed in the mixture of reaction products. It was found that it is expedient to synthesize the glycine complex of cuprum by the reaction of a suspension of Cu2CO3(OH)2 with glycine during heating (the yield is 97%), since a complex compound Cu(NH2CH2COO)2•H2O of sufficient purity is formed. The composition of the synthesized substance and the confirmation of the formula of the compound Cu(NH2CH2COO)2•H2O were obtained by determining the infrared and the atomic absorption spectrum of the aqueous solution. Based on the obtained differences in the atomic absorption spectra of the synthesized copper sulfate and copper glycinate the formation of the latter was confirmed. The IR spectrum confirms the formula of the complex compound and the formation of strong covalent bonds between the metal cation and the ligands. The study of the effect of cuprum glycinate on the germination of winter barley Tutankhamun seeds was carried out in comparison with the similar effect of a complex compound of cuprum with ethylenediaminetetraacetate. The study of the influence of cuprum glycinate on the germination of winter barley revealed positive results in which the germination exceeded the control by 9–27%. Winter barley seeds treated with distilled water served as a control. Treatment of winter barley seeds with an aqueous solution of cuprum glycinate in the amount of 20 g of cuprum per 1 ton of grain led to better germination than pre-treatment of seeds with a twice concentrated corresponding solution. Treatment with a complex compound of copper with ethylenediaminetetraacetate had no significant effect on the germination and characteristics of sprouts. The results of laboratory studies confirmed the feasibility of using complex compounds of biometal copper with organic chelating ligands as microfertilizers for pre-sowing seed encrustation, as they have high stability and sufficient solubility in water, are non-toxic, are better absorbed by plants and are considered cost-effective and environmentally safe.
{"title":"Preparation of copper glycinate and study of its effect on the germination of winter barley seeds","authors":"H. O. Petrushyna, S. M. Kramarev, N. M. Maksymova","doi":"10.32819/202410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/202410","url":null,"abstract":"We analyzed the encrustation of winter barley seeds, which includes its preliminary treatment with cuprum glycinate, with the purpose of increasing yield and biochemical indicators of grain, and also improving the ecological condition of the soil. The objective of the research was to select methods for the synthesis of cuprum glycinate, study its chemical composition and the possibility of using this compound as a chelated micro-fertilizer for pre-sowing encrustation of winter barley seed as part of a tank mixture. Two well-known synthesis methods were used to obtain cuprum glycinate. The first method was the interaction between CuO with a solution of glycine during heating, during which pink metallic copper inclusions were noticed in the mixture of reaction products. It was found that it is expedient to synthesize the glycine complex of cuprum by the reaction of a suspension of Cu2CO3(OH)2 with glycine during heating (the yield is 97%), since a complex compound Cu(NH2CH2COO)2•H2O of sufficient purity is formed. The composition of the synthesized substance and the confirmation of the formula of the compound Cu(NH2CH2COO)2•H2O were obtained by determining the infrared and the atomic absorption spectrum of the aqueous solution. Based on the obtained differences in the atomic absorption spectra of the synthesized copper sulfate and copper glycinate the formation of the latter was confirmed. The IR spectrum confirms the formula of the complex compound and the formation of strong covalent bonds between the metal cation and the ligands. The study of the effect of cuprum glycinate on the germination of winter barley Tutankhamun seeds was carried out in comparison with the similar effect of a complex compound of cuprum with ethylenediaminetetraacetate. The study of the influence of cuprum glycinate on the germination of winter barley revealed positive results in which the germination exceeded the control by 9–27%. Winter barley seeds treated with distilled water served as a control. Treatment of winter barley seeds with an aqueous solution of cuprum glycinate in the amount of 20 g of cuprum per 1 ton of grain led to better germination than pre-treatment of seeds with a twice concentrated corresponding solution. Treatment with a complex compound of copper with ethylenediaminetetraacetate had no significant effect on the germination and characteristics of sprouts. The results of laboratory studies confirmed the feasibility of using complex compounds of biometal copper with organic chelating ligands as microfertilizers for pre-sowing seed encrustation, as they have high stability and sufficient solubility in water, are non-toxic, are better absorbed by plants and are considered cost-effective and environmentally safe.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"67 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Remote sensing is a promising technique for better management of water resources in agriculture through improvement of dynamic control and operational scheduling on irrigated croplands. The main goal of this study was to identify the possibilities of application of the normalised difference moisture index (NDMI) to water stress monitoring in maize crops, and to determine the relationship between the index and soil moisture content. The study was carried out in 2019–2021 in the experimental fields of disturbed maize, cultivated on dark-chestnut soils in the Southern Ukraine at the NAAS Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture. The crop cultivation technology was common for the conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. Actual soil moisture content was determined by gravimetric method in the pre-sowing and post-harvest period. The NDMI values were calculated using cloudless aerospace images from the satellites Landsat 8, Sentinel-2, and MODIS with 250 m resolution. It was revealed that the seasonal NDMI dynamics perfectly reflected the water-supply conditions of the disturbed maize, and could be used for operational monitoring and scheduling of irrigation. The parameters of the water-supply conditions were determined in 2021, which was the wettest year of the study: the cumulative seasonal NDMI reached 1.71, while the highest water stress was recorded in the driest year, 2020, – the cumulative NDMI was 0.15. Additionally, there was a moderately strong negative correlation between NDMI and soil moisture content, and the coefficient of determination was 0.62. The linear regression models, developed to predict soil moisture content in the 0–100 cm layer depending on the NDMI values, had good fitting quality and reasonable accuracy, but they required further calibration and extension of the initial dataset to provide more robust and reliable results for practical implementation. Based on the results of the study, spatial NDMI could be considered a good and reliable tool for improving irrigation water management. Further studies should focus on the practical implementation of the NDMI-based model of moisture-content estimation, as well as on the possibilities of the index usage for mapping irrigated lands.
{"title":"Normalised difference moisture index in water stress assessment of maize crops","authors":"P. Lykhovyd, V. O. Sharii","doi":"10.32819/202403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/202403","url":null,"abstract":"Remote sensing is a promising technique for better management of water resources in agriculture through improvement of dynamic control and operational scheduling on irrigated croplands. The main goal of this study was to identify the possibilities of application of the normalised difference moisture index (NDMI) to water stress monitoring in maize crops, and to determine the relationship between the index and soil moisture content. The study was carried out in 2019–2021 in the experimental fields of disturbed maize, cultivated on dark-chestnut soils in the Southern Ukraine at the NAAS Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture. The crop cultivation technology was common for the conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. Actual soil moisture content was determined by gravimetric method in the pre-sowing and post-harvest period. The NDMI values were calculated using cloudless aerospace images from the satellites Landsat 8, Sentinel-2, and MODIS with 250 m resolution. It was revealed that the seasonal NDMI dynamics perfectly reflected the water-supply conditions of the disturbed maize, and could be used for operational monitoring and scheduling of irrigation. The parameters of the water-supply conditions were determined in 2021, which was the wettest year of the study: the cumulative seasonal NDMI reached 1.71, while the highest water stress was recorded in the driest year, 2020, – the cumulative NDMI was 0.15. Additionally, there was a moderately strong negative correlation between NDMI and soil moisture content, and the coefficient of determination was 0.62. The linear regression models, developed to predict soil moisture content in the 0–100 cm layer depending on the NDMI values, had good fitting quality and reasonable accuracy, but they required further calibration and extension of the initial dataset to provide more robust and reliable results for practical implementation. Based on the results of the study, spatial NDMI could be considered a good and reliable tool for improving irrigation water management. Further studies should focus on the practical implementation of the NDMI-based model of moisture-content estimation, as well as on the possibilities of the index usage for mapping irrigated lands.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140994364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Р. Makukh, Y. I. Tkalich, S. О. Remeniuk, M. Buzynnyi, S. Senchuk, О. М. Atamanіuk
The saturation of sugar beet rotations under different fertilizer application systems and long-term cultivation induces significant changes in soil properties, leading to decreases in humus content, mineral nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The study was conducted in a stationary multifactorial experiment in grain-beet crop rotations: crop rotation, row-crop, and grain-row crop rotations with the application of 40 t/ha of manure under sugar beets + NPK 100:90:90 and a variant without fertilizers. The paper presents the results of monitoring changes in humus content during each rotation, reduction of humus reserves in the plow layer, and physicochemical and agrochemical soil indicators. In the variants without fertilizers, we observed 0.24–0.41% decline in humus content in all crop rotations during 3 rotations of ten-field crop rotations (30 years). Overall, there occurred 0.89–1.00% decrease over 50 years of anthropogenic influence, equivalent to 31.8–35.7 t/ha, or 23.1–26.1% of initial reserves per hectare. Despite application of 40 t/ha of manure + NPK 100:90:90 under sugar beets, humus loss was 27.5 t/ha in the row-crop rotation and 16.8 t/ha in the grain-row crop rotation. Fertilizer application led to increase in exchangeable and hydrolytic soil acidity. With the application of 6.7 t/ha of manure + NPK 53:42:42 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, there was a tendency towards increase in mineral nitrogen content, mobile phosphorus doubled to 280.1–302.8 mg/kg compared to the variant without fertilizers, and exchangeable potassium decreased regardless of the fertilization system, which was associated with its utilization by plants. Sugar-beet yield increased to 44.76 t/ha in the crop-rotation under the organo-mineral-fertilizer application system, exceeding the spring wheat rotation by 4.63 t/ha and the variants without fertilizers by 2.45–2.72 times. Therefore, the modern fertilizer application system under sugar beets did not ensure stabilization of humus content in the soil and increased its acidity. It is necessary to more broadly use cover crops in crop rotations, incorporate crop residues, and apply biological preparations to improve soil fertility.
{"title":"Decrease in fertility of typical chernozem due to long-term anthropogenic pressure in grain-beet crop rotations","authors":"Y. Р. Makukh, Y. I. Tkalich, S. О. Remeniuk, M. Buzynnyi, S. Senchuk, О. М. Atamanіuk","doi":"10.32819/202404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/202404","url":null,"abstract":"The saturation of sugar beet rotations under different fertilizer application systems and long-term cultivation induces significant changes in soil properties, leading to decreases in humus content, mineral nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The study was conducted in a stationary multifactorial experiment in grain-beet crop rotations: crop rotation, row-crop, and grain-row crop rotations with the application of 40 t/ha of manure under sugar beets + NPK 100:90:90 and a variant without fertilizers. The paper presents the results of monitoring changes in humus content during each rotation, reduction of humus reserves in the plow layer, and physicochemical and agrochemical soil indicators. In the variants without fertilizers, we observed 0.24–0.41% decline in humus content in all crop rotations during 3 rotations of ten-field crop rotations (30 years). Overall, there occurred 0.89–1.00% decrease over 50 years of anthropogenic influence, equivalent to 31.8–35.7 t/ha, or 23.1–26.1% of initial reserves per hectare. Despite application of 40 t/ha of manure + NPK 100:90:90 under sugar beets, humus loss was 27.5 t/ha in the row-crop rotation and 16.8 t/ha in the grain-row crop rotation. Fertilizer application led to increase in exchangeable and hydrolytic soil acidity. With the application of 6.7 t/ha of manure + NPK 53:42:42 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, there was a tendency towards increase in mineral nitrogen content, mobile phosphorus doubled to 280.1–302.8 mg/kg compared to the variant without fertilizers, and exchangeable potassium decreased regardless of the fertilization system, which was associated with its utilization by plants. Sugar-beet yield increased to 44.76 t/ha in the crop-rotation under the organo-mineral-fertilizer application system, exceeding the spring wheat rotation by 4.63 t/ha and the variants without fertilizers by 2.45–2.72 times. Therefore, the modern fertilizer application system under sugar beets did not ensure stabilization of humus content in the soil and increased its acidity. It is necessary to more broadly use cover crops in crop rotations, incorporate crop residues, and apply biological preparations to improve soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140995759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Yarovets, O. Cherevatov, O. Y. Galatiuk, M. V. Zastulka, V. Babenko
As of today, in Ukraine, there are no opportunities to conduct genetic research on a sufficient scale to identify the composition of the genomes of honey bees. Wing morphometrics of drones is a readily available alternative for obtaining information about the approximate composition of DNA. The goal of the work was to formulate the principles of the main stages of research and illustrate the procedure for obtaining morphometric data, methods of their processing, and possibilities for interpreting the obtained results. In the package of statistical data processing application programs Statistica, the classification of 2,147 drone wings obtained from 6 apiaries of Zhytomyr, Mykolaiv, and Kyiv regions was carried out according to eight indices: Ci, Dbi, Disc.sh, Pci, Ri, Ci.3, Ci.2.1, and Ci.2.2. We propose a method for obtaining morphometric wing standards of bees based on studying a significant number of bee colonies from various apiaries in specific regions of Ukraine. Using a two-stage methodology, three datasets were formed and recommended for use as standards: one for the local population of Ukrainian bees and two for populations of the A.m.mellifera subspecies distributed in the Polissia region. We analyzed the reliability of results in determining the taxonomic affiliation of bees was analyzed. Using the example of a single bee colony, a detailed procedure is demonstrated to identify taxonomic affiliation through utilization of the obtained standards. It has been demonstrated that in case of reliable identification of standards belonging to specific subspecies, it is possible to predict the likely composition of chromosomal sets in the genomes of drones, queens, and worker bees partially corresponding to the wing phenotype.
{"title":"Features of determining the subspecies status of honey bees (Apis mellifera) based on morphometric wing indicators of drones","authors":"V. Yarovets, O. Cherevatov, O. Y. Galatiuk, M. V. Zastulka, V. Babenko","doi":"10.32819/202401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/202401","url":null,"abstract":"As of today, in Ukraine, there are no opportunities to conduct genetic research on a sufficient scale to identify the composition of the genomes of honey bees. Wing morphometrics of drones is a readily available alternative for obtaining information about the approximate composition of DNA. The goal of the work was to formulate the principles of the main stages of research and illustrate the procedure for obtaining morphometric data, methods of their processing, and possibilities for interpreting the obtained results. In the package of statistical data processing application programs Statistica, the classification of 2,147 drone wings obtained from 6 apiaries of Zhytomyr, Mykolaiv, and Kyiv regions was carried out according to eight indices: Ci, Dbi, Disc.sh, Pci, Ri, Ci.3, Ci.2.1, and Ci.2.2. We propose a method for obtaining morphometric wing standards of bees based on studying a significant number of bee colonies from various apiaries in specific regions of Ukraine. Using a two-stage methodology, three datasets were formed and recommended for use as standards: one for the local population of Ukrainian bees and two for populations of the A.m.mellifera subspecies distributed in the Polissia region. We analyzed the reliability of results in determining the taxonomic affiliation of bees was analyzed. Using the example of a single bee colony, a detailed procedure is demonstrated to identify taxonomic affiliation through utilization of the obtained standards. It has been demonstrated that in case of reliable identification of standards belonging to specific subspecies, it is possible to predict the likely composition of chromosomal sets in the genomes of drones, queens, and worker bees partially corresponding to the wing phenotype.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140996881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weed control in winter wheat crops is an important issue. There is a risk of increasing populations of certain weed species that are resistant to some of herbicides used for winter wheat crops. This could be controlled by a combination of agronomic, mechanical, chemical, and biological methods. After introducing winter wheat into the rotation and improving tillage, the weediness of regular black soils with perennial root and emerged weeds were significantly reduced. The formation of nodal and rudimentary roots had a significant effect on the productivity of winter wheat under different soil moisture conditions. The highest yield of winter wheat was obtained when sown at the optimum time, with higher stem density and ear productivity due to better grain fullness. We studied what effects did the tillage methods have on the aggregate state of the soil in relation to weed development in winter wheat crops, finding that the structural and aggregate composition of the soil played an important role in winter wheat crops, influencing both the development of the crop root system and the water-physical balance of the chernozem, as well as naturally influencing the course of erosion processes in the experimental plots, and having a universal dynamic in terms of adaptation of aggregation and disaggregation processes. Prolonged mechanical stress on soil can cause destruction of its structure. For instance, continuous ploughing or moldboardless tillage with little or no manure application may permanently reduce soil fertility by increasing humus mineralisation. Subsequently, these factors may cause a significant decline in the soil's structural and aggregate composition, resulting in larger amounts of dusty particles smaller than 0.25 mm and cloddy particles larger than 10–12 mm. The soil's structural condition before sowing winter wheat in early September, on average for 2011–2016, indicates increased dispersion of the tilth layer (0–10 cm) in the experimental variants where shallow disc tillage of 10–12 cm was applied. Increase in the number of clods larger than 10 mm in the areas where moldboardless tillage had been applied can be attributed to significant soil drainage. The soil's aggregate state was rated as good, with 8.7% in the 0–10 cm soil layer and 1.7% of clods > 10 mm in the 0–30 cm layer. In 2014–2016, it was rated as satisfactory, with 7.4% and 9.8% of clods > 10 mm, respectively. Shallow disc cultivation resulted in slightly worse indicators: 6.6% and 8.3% of clods > 10 mm in soil layer 0–10 cm and 0–30 cm, respectively, in 2011–2013; and 7.2% and 6.9% of clods > 10 mm, respectively, in 2014–2016. In general, the parameters of optimal structural condition were positive. The tillage method used had a considerable effect on weed growth and development, particularly for those with a root and rhizome structure. It also affected the prevalence and development of pests and diseases in winter wheat. Agrotechnical methods of weed control do not guarante
{"title":"Influence of cultivation methods on the soil aggregate state in the context of weed development in winter wheat plantations","authors":"V. L. Matyukha, S. S. Semenov","doi":"10.32819/202402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/202402","url":null,"abstract":"Weed control in winter wheat crops is an important issue. There is a risk of increasing populations of certain weed species that are resistant to some of herbicides used for winter wheat crops. This could be controlled by a combination of agronomic, mechanical, chemical, and biological methods. After introducing winter wheat into the rotation and improving tillage, the weediness of regular black soils with perennial root and emerged weeds were significantly reduced. The formation of nodal and rudimentary roots had a significant effect on the productivity of winter wheat under different soil moisture conditions. The highest yield of winter wheat was obtained when sown at the optimum time, with higher stem density and ear productivity due to better grain fullness. We studied what effects did the tillage methods have on the aggregate state of the soil in relation to weed development in winter wheat crops, finding that the structural and aggregate composition of the soil played an important role in winter wheat crops, influencing both the development of the crop root system and the water-physical balance of the chernozem, as well as naturally influencing the course of erosion processes in the experimental plots, and having a universal dynamic in terms of adaptation of aggregation and disaggregation processes. Prolonged mechanical stress on soil can cause destruction of its structure. For instance, continuous ploughing or moldboardless tillage with little or no manure application may permanently reduce soil fertility by increasing humus mineralisation. Subsequently, these factors may cause a significant decline in the soil's structural and aggregate composition, resulting in larger amounts of dusty particles smaller than 0.25 mm and cloddy particles larger than 10–12 mm. The soil's structural condition before sowing winter wheat in early September, on average for 2011–2016, indicates increased dispersion of the tilth layer (0–10 cm) in the experimental variants where shallow disc tillage of 10–12 cm was applied. Increase in the number of clods larger than 10 mm in the areas where moldboardless tillage had been applied can be attributed to significant soil drainage. The soil's aggregate state was rated as good, with 8.7% in the 0–10 cm soil layer and 1.7% of clods > 10 mm in the 0–30 cm layer. In 2014–2016, it was rated as satisfactory, with 7.4% and 9.8% of clods > 10 mm, respectively. Shallow disc cultivation resulted in slightly worse indicators: 6.6% and 8.3% of clods > 10 mm in soil layer 0–10 cm and 0–30 cm, respectively, in 2011–2013; and 7.2% and 6.9% of clods > 10 mm, respectively, in 2014–2016. In general, the parameters of optimal structural condition were positive. The tillage method used had a considerable effect on weed growth and development, particularly for those with a root and rhizome structure. It also affected the prevalence and development of pests and diseases in winter wheat. Agrotechnical methods of weed control do not guarante","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140996577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Miscanthus giant is a tall perennial herbaceous plant with a well-developed root system, which is used for biofuel production. The aim of the study was to establish the effect of gi-ant miscanthus in the first year of growing season on the state of soil organic matter, removal and balance of nutrients and biological productivity of crops for fertilization. A four-year survey of the condition of miscanthus plantations was conducted at ‘Veselo Podilska’ research and breeding station during 2016‒2019 in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Indicators of biomass productivity of giant miscanthus and the state of fertility of the grant for fertilizer application in the area of the left-bank of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine for the production of solid biofuels are characterized. In the first year of the growing season, giant miscanthus produces more organic matter in the root system than in its terrestrial biomass ‒ 2.5 and 1.6 tons of dry matter/ha, respectively. It was found that foliar fertilization with microfertilizers significantly increased the yield of terrestrial biomass of giant miscanthus in the background of mineral fertilizers. The highest biological yield of ground mass of giant miscanthus was achieved with the introduction of N60P60K60 and two foliar fertilization with microfertilizer Vympel-K, 0.5 l/ha: yield of terrestrial biomass ‒ 3.1 tons of dry matter/ha with the advantage of control without fertilizers ‒ 1.5 tons/ha. In the first year of cultivation miscanthus giant uses a small amount of nutrients from the soil: nitrogen ‒ 20.4‒33.8 kg/ha, phosphorus ‒ 3‒5.3 kg/ha, potassium ‒ 6.1‒12.4 kg/ha . The application of N30P30K30 ferti-lizers was sufficient to form a balanced and expanded balance of nutrients in the soil. The appli-cation of mineral fertilizers did not affect the dynamics of organic matter in typical chernozem. Growing giant miscanthus in the first year of the growing season ensured the stability of the or-ganic matter content in the soil at the level of 4.04‒4.11%. At the same time, the content of mobile phosphorus at the end of the growing season decreased by 17‒18 mg/kg, potassium ‒ by 13‒43 mg/kg of soil. Reducing the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium in the soil at the end of the growing season leads to efficient use of plant nutrients, chemical transformation of phosphorus into insoluble compounds and non-exchange adsorption of potassium ions by the soil complex in the biocenosis of miscanthus.
芒草是一种高大的多年生草本植物，根系发育良好，可用于生物燃料生产。本研究的目的是确定生长季第一年巨型芒草对土壤有机质状况、养分的去除和平衡以及作物施肥生物生产力的影响。2016-2019年，在乌克兰森林草原地区的Veselo Podilska研究和育种站对芒草人工林进行了为期四年的调查。介绍了巨型芒草的生物量生产力指标和乌克兰森林草原左岸地区用于生产固体生物燃料的化肥赠款的肥力状况。在生长季节的第一年，巨型芒草在根系中产生的有机物比其陆地生物量多，分别为2.5吨和1.6吨干物质/公顷。结果表明，在矿质肥背景下，叶面施用微量肥显著提高了巨型芒草陆生生物量的产量。施用N60P60K60和叶面两次施用Vympel-K微肥的大芒草地面质量生物产量最高，为0.5 l/ha;陆生生物量产量为3.1 t /ha，无肥控制优势为1.5 t /ha。在种植的第一年，巨型芒草从土壤中使用少量的养分:氮- 20.4-33.8公斤/公顷，磷- 3-5.3公斤/公顷，钾- 6.1-12.4公斤/公顷。施用N30P30K30肥足以形成土壤养分平衡和扩展平衡。施用矿质肥料对典型黑钙土有机质动态无影响。生长季第一年种植巨型芒草，土壤有机质含量稳定在4.04-4.11%水平。同时，生长季末土壤流动磷含量下降17 ~ 18 mg/kg，钾含量下降13 ~ 43 mg/kg。在芒草生殖过程中，降低土壤中流动形态磷和钾的含量，使植物养分得到有效利用，磷被化学转化为不溶性化合物，钾离子被土壤复合体非交换吸附。
{"title":"Productivity of giant micancantus and soil fertility status for fertilizer application","authors":"V. Ivanina, M. Humentyk, V. Katelevsky","doi":"10.32819/021016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021016","url":null,"abstract":"Miscanthus giant is a tall perennial herbaceous plant with a well-developed root system, which is used for biofuel production. The aim of the study was to establish the effect of gi-ant miscanthus in the first year of growing season on the state of soil organic matter, removal and balance of nutrients and biological productivity of crops for fertilization. A four-year survey of the condition of miscanthus plantations was conducted at ‘Veselo Podilska’ research and breeding station during 2016‒2019 in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Indicators of biomass productivity of giant miscanthus and the state of fertility of the grant for fertilizer application in the area of the left-bank of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine for the production of solid biofuels are characterized. In the first year of the growing season, giant miscanthus produces more organic matter in the root system than in its terrestrial biomass ‒ 2.5 and 1.6 tons of dry matter/ha, respectively. It was found that foliar fertilization with microfertilizers significantly increased the yield of terrestrial biomass of giant miscanthus in the background of mineral fertilizers. The highest biological yield of ground mass of giant miscanthus was achieved with the introduction of N60P60K60 and two foliar fertilization with microfertilizer Vympel-K, 0.5 l/ha: yield of terrestrial biomass ‒ 3.1 tons of dry matter/ha with the advantage of control without fertilizers ‒ 1.5 tons/ha. In the first year of cultivation miscanthus giant uses a small amount of nutrients from the soil: nitrogen ‒ 20.4‒33.8 kg/ha, phosphorus ‒ 3‒5.3 kg/ha, potassium ‒ 6.1‒12.4 kg/ha . The application of N30P30K30 ferti-lizers was sufficient to form a balanced and expanded balance of nutrients in the soil. The appli-cation of mineral fertilizers did not affect the dynamics of organic matter in typical chernozem. Growing giant miscanthus in the first year of the growing season ensured the stability of the or-ganic matter content in the soil at the level of 4.04‒4.11%. At the same time, the content of mobile phosphorus at the end of the growing season decreased by 17‒18 mg/kg, potassium ‒ by 13‒43 mg/kg of soil. Reducing the content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium in the soil at the end of the growing season leads to efficient use of plant nutrients, chemical transformation of phosphorus into insoluble compounds and non-exchange adsorption of potassium ions by the soil complex in the biocenosis of miscanthus.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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