The purpose of this study is to assess the environmental risks of water pollutionin the Masrik River catchment area. The risk assessment studies are based on the results of thehydrochemical monitoring of the Masrik River Basin water quality in 2012‒2014. The main riskfactors for pollution of the river basin area are mining, agriculture, uncontrolled utility flows.Zoning was performed and areas of zones were calculated using a digital elevation model (DEM)in the ArcGIS software environment and taking into account sampling points and river basins. Atthe same time, the territory was ranked by population density. Then a geodatabase (GDB) wascompiled. GDB presents the point assessments of the state of river waters according to the level ofthe pollutant concentration factor and population density. The thematic layers based on the resultsof the indicators in the ArcGIS program were compiled. A map was obtained according to a pointassessment of environmental risk. An integrated assessment of river water pollution was carriedout in different parts of the basin. The population density and total risk index were calculated. Thethree risk zones were identified in the river basin: high, medium and low. In addition to presentingtheoretical value, the conclusions are also of practical importance and can be used in the developmentof river basin risk management programs, measures for quality management and control ofpollution sources in the aread.
{"title":"Environmental Risk Assessment in the Masrik River Basin","authors":"М. А. Nalbandyan, А. О. Nersisyan","doi":"10.32819/021009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021009","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to assess the environmental risks of water pollutionin the Masrik River catchment area. The risk assessment studies are based on the results of thehydrochemical monitoring of the Masrik River Basin water quality in 2012‒2014. The main riskfactors for pollution of the river basin area are mining, agriculture, uncontrolled utility flows.Zoning was performed and areas of zones were calculated using a digital elevation model (DEM)in the ArcGIS software environment and taking into account sampling points and river basins. Atthe same time, the territory was ranked by population density. Then a geodatabase (GDB) wascompiled. GDB presents the point assessments of the state of river waters according to the level ofthe pollutant concentration factor and population density. The thematic layers based on the resultsof the indicators in the ArcGIS program were compiled. A map was obtained according to a pointassessment of environmental risk. An integrated assessment of river water pollution was carriedout in different parts of the basin. The population density and total risk index were calculated. Thethree risk zones were identified in the river basin: high, medium and low. In addition to presentingtheoretical value, the conclusions are also of practical importance and can be used in the developmentof river basin risk management programs, measures for quality management and control ofpollution sources in the aread.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"168 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70171916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Changes in the Species Diversity of Sandy Spit Mollusk Groups in the North of the Black Sea-Azov Basin Under the Influence of Ecological Changes in the Environment","authors":"A. Mirzoieva","doi":"10.32819/021004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70171579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to long-term surveys of apple plantations in Ukraine, they are da maged by an unpaired western bark beetle (Xyleborus dispar F.). The share of this pest colonizing perennial plantations in Ukraine is about 30%, and there is also a tendency of spreading colonization of this type of production tracts over fruit plantations. The prevalence of bark beetle in production areas of orchards has increased significantly in recent years. Unpaired pest, unlike many other species of bark beetles, completely destroys healthy trees. The increase in the number and harmfulness of odd western bark beetle is associated with climate change, the use of various protection systems, etc. Nowadays measures to reduce the number of this species consisted only of a mechanical technique (cutting and burning dam-aged trees) and spraying of garden plantings in the phase of “swelling of the buds ‒ beginning of budding” with old insecticides of second generation (metaphos, chlorophos, carbophos, etc). Pruning and burning damaged trees are an ineffective measures to reduce the number of pests in orchards. The expediency of testing a number of modern insecticides is urgent and effective against a complex of phytophages in the “green cone” phase ‒ “ Rose bud” (beetle, goose, budworm, apple blossom beetle, aphids, leafworms) ‒ “end of flowering” (leafworms, aphids) and can be effective against the western unpaired bark beetle. The basis was the du-ration of action and the peculiarities of the mechanism of action of these insecticides (contact intestinal action ‒ Aktara 240 SC, HP, Mospilan, P. P., Calypso 480 SC , etc. and contact, par-tially systemic action with fumigation effect ‒ Bi‑58 new, etc., Pirinex Super, etc., Danadim stable, etc., Danadim Mix, etc., Fufanon 570, etc.). The use of the drugs mentioned above (for double treatment of plantings) demonstrated high technical efficiency against openly living phytophages (for the first treatment of plantations ‒ against aphids, leafworms, garden wee-vils and tube worms, for the second treatment ‒ against aphids, leafworms), which amounted to 91,3‒99,2%. The western unpaired bark beetle (Xyleborus dispar F.) is a permanent species in the industrial areas of the apple tree. And therefore, protecting trees from it in industrial plantings should be an integral part of modern technology for obtaining fruit products. Un-doubtedly, the application of the complex of insecticides Bi‑58 new, к.е. (2,0 l/ha), Pirinex Super, к.е. (1,25 l/ha), Danadim stable, etc. (2,0 l/ha), Danadim Mix, etc. (2,0 l/ha), Fufanon 570, E.C. (2,0 l/ha) is a highly effective method for reducing the harmfulness of the western unpaired bark beetle in industrial plantations of apple trees, an economically beneficial meth-od in the modern intensive protection technologies.
{"title":"Protection of intensive apple orhards from phytophages complex in steppe zone of Ukraine","authors":"L. Bandura, S. A. Chernykh, Y. Yanovskyi","doi":"10.32819/021013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021013","url":null,"abstract":"According to long-term surveys of apple plantations in Ukraine, they are da maged by an unpaired western bark beetle (Xyleborus dispar F.). The share of this pest colonizing perennial plantations in Ukraine is about 30%, and there is also a tendency of spreading colonization of this type of production tracts over fruit plantations. The prevalence of bark beetle in production areas of orchards has increased significantly in recent years. Unpaired pest, unlike many other species of bark beetles, completely destroys healthy trees. The increase in the number and harmfulness of odd western bark beetle is associated with climate change, the use of various protection systems, etc. Nowadays measures to reduce the number of this species consisted only of a mechanical technique (cutting and burning dam-aged trees) and spraying of garden plantings in the phase of “swelling of the buds ‒ beginning of budding” with old insecticides of second generation (metaphos, chlorophos, carbophos, etc). Pruning and burning damaged trees are an ineffective measures to reduce the number of pests in orchards. The expediency of testing a number of modern insecticides is urgent and effective against a complex of phytophages in the “green cone” phase ‒ “ Rose bud” (beetle, goose, budworm, apple blossom beetle, aphids, leafworms) ‒ “end of flowering” (leafworms, aphids) and can be effective against the western unpaired bark beetle. The basis was the du-ration of action and the peculiarities of the mechanism of action of these insecticides (contact intestinal action ‒ Aktara 240 SC, HP, Mospilan, P. P., Calypso 480 SC , etc. and contact, par-tially systemic action with fumigation effect ‒ Bi‑58 new, etc., Pirinex Super, etc., Danadim stable, etc., Danadim Mix, etc., Fufanon 570, etc.). The use of the drugs mentioned above (for double treatment of plantings) demonstrated high technical efficiency against openly living phytophages (for the first treatment of plantations ‒ against aphids, leafworms, garden wee-vils and tube worms, for the second treatment ‒ against aphids, leafworms), which amounted to 91,3‒99,2%. The western unpaired bark beetle (Xyleborus dispar F.) is a permanent species in the industrial areas of the apple tree. And therefore, protecting trees from it in industrial plantings should be an integral part of modern technology for obtaining fruit products. Un-doubtedly, the application of the complex of insecticides Bi‑58 new, к.е. (2,0 l/ha), Pirinex Super, к.е. (1,25 l/ha), Danadim stable, etc. (2,0 l/ha), Danadim Mix, etc. (2,0 l/ha), Fufanon 570, E.C. (2,0 l/ha) is a highly effective method for reducing the harmfulness of the western unpaired bark beetle in industrial plantations of apple trees, an economically beneficial meth-od in the modern intensive protection technologies.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The climate change is a global environmental problem. Its solution requires thereduction of greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2, as soon as possible. The developmentand implementation of low-carbon technologies can help in achievement this goal. Disturbedlands, which are a source of environmental pollution, can be used to reduce CO2 emissions. Wepropose to introduce technologies for locating solar and wind power plants on disturbed lands,primarily on mining dumps of overburden. The capacity of such solar and wind power plants canreplace thermal power plants, which generate the main volumes of CO2 emissions. Placing onthe mining dumps of overburden of solar power plants has advantages due to the use of southernexposures of the slopes. The wind power plants on the top of mining dumps of overburden takemore opportunities to use of wind speed by attracting additional height. Mining dumps haveemitted carbon dioxide due to the decomposition of limestone and the spontaneous combustion ofcarbon-containing rocks. Counteraction of CO2 emissions by coating the surface with inert materialsthat block the access of moisture and acid solutions to hazardous rocks is proposed. The useof new technologies for the rehabilitation of disturbed lands through the formation of secondaryecosystems creates opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This have avoids additionalCO2 emissions during the operation of machines and mechanisms at the mining–technicaland biological stages of reclamation. Secondary soils able to accumulate carbon in the form oforganic matter up to 11 t / ha for 30–50 years. The study of technogenic soils formation on loess-like loams in the landscape reserves “Vizyrka” (Inguletsky GOK), “Hrushivka” (MarganetskyGOK), “Vershina” (Prosyansky GOK) are have evidenced of this facts. Plant components of ecosystemshave even more opportunities. Secondary vegetation absorbs CO2 from the atmosphereduring photosynthesis, creates the coating of surface of lands disturbed by mining operations.Clover plant group show the greatest ability to accumulate carbon (up to 57 t/ha per year). Theresearch was carried out at the research area of Inguletsky GOK. Our assessment testifies that theintegrated application of the above technologies will reduce emissions in Kryvbas by 95 milliontons of CO2 per year. The work was carried out under the target program of the National Academyof Sciences of Ukraine “Scientific and technical and economic and ecological foundations oflow-carbon development of Ukraine”.
{"title":"The Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Through the Implementation of Low-carbon Technologies for the Use of Lands disturbed by Mining Operations","authors":"O. Skrypnyk, N. Ostapenko, S. Kriuchkova","doi":"10.32819/021007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021007","url":null,"abstract":"The climate change is a global environmental problem. Its solution requires thereduction of greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2, as soon as possible. The developmentand implementation of low-carbon technologies can help in achievement this goal. Disturbedlands, which are a source of environmental pollution, can be used to reduce CO2 emissions. Wepropose to introduce technologies for locating solar and wind power plants on disturbed lands,primarily on mining dumps of overburden. The capacity of such solar and wind power plants canreplace thermal power plants, which generate the main volumes of CO2 emissions. Placing onthe mining dumps of overburden of solar power plants has advantages due to the use of southernexposures of the slopes. The wind power plants on the top of mining dumps of overburden takemore opportunities to use of wind speed by attracting additional height. Mining dumps haveemitted carbon dioxide due to the decomposition of limestone and the spontaneous combustion ofcarbon-containing rocks. Counteraction of CO2 emissions by coating the surface with inert materialsthat block the access of moisture and acid solutions to hazardous rocks is proposed. The useof new technologies for the rehabilitation of disturbed lands through the formation of secondaryecosystems creates opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This have avoids additionalCO2 emissions during the operation of machines and mechanisms at the mining–technicaland biological stages of reclamation. Secondary soils able to accumulate carbon in the form oforganic matter up to 11 t / ha for 30–50 years. The study of technogenic soils formation on loess-like loams in the landscape reserves “Vizyrka” (Inguletsky GOK), “Hrushivka” (MarganetskyGOK), “Vershina” (Prosyansky GOK) are have evidenced of this facts. Plant components of ecosystemshave even more opportunities. Secondary vegetation absorbs CO2 from the atmosphereduring photosynthesis, creates the coating of surface of lands disturbed by mining operations.Clover plant group show the greatest ability to accumulate carbon (up to 57 t/ha per year). Theresearch was carried out at the research area of Inguletsky GOK. Our assessment testifies that theintegrated application of the above technologies will reduce emissions in Kryvbas by 95 milliontons of CO2 per year. The work was carried out under the target program of the National Academyof Sciences of Ukraine “Scientific and technical and economic and ecological foundations oflow-carbon development of Ukraine”.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70171887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
М. Kharytonov, V. Pashova, S. M. Lemyshko, G. Yevgrashkina, O. Titarenko
The discharge of highly mineralized mine waters of the Western Donbass negativelyaffected the Samara Bay area, which is of great fishery importance. Mine water storage pondswere built in deep erosional cuts in the territories of mine fields in the gullies of Kosminnaya,Taranova, Glinyana and Svidovok. The screening of the bottoms was not performed in any pond.The soils that make up the bottom are not aquicludes, which contributes to intensive filtration ofmine waters and pollution of aquifers. Artificial ponds built without waterproofing of bottoms,rock dumps, mine water discharge routes and other sources of pollution are actively involved inthe zone of influence of mine drainage and worsen the quality of drinking water, the reserves ofwhich in the Western Donbass are limited. There is flooding and flooding by groundwater, as wellas increasing (compared to the period before the violations) areas of land temporarily floodedduring floods on rivers in the valleys of the rivers Samara, Velyka Ternivka and such large beamsas Svydovok, Taranova, Kosminna due to subsidence of the earth’s surface. Differences in theconditions of formation of mine waters determine the nature and degree of their impact on theenvironment. The main difficulties making complicated accurate comparison between calculatedand field data in Samara river floodplain are following: a) changes in parameters of mining andpumping rates of water used for local needs; b) hydrological changes including formation ofnew channels, bed deformation; c) transformation of the monitoring network; d) increasing leakagethrough the clayey bottom of the ponds. The main objective is to provide a comprehensivegeo-ecological assessment of the state of the Samara river floodplain in the area of coal miningin the Western Donbass. Multispectral imagery of Sentinel-2 satellite system was used for remoteassessment within the study area. Geomorphologic assessment of the studied area was performedusing Sentinel-1 satellite radar interferometry. Flooding of the territory is observed due to minedrainage and subsidence of the earth’s surface. The risk of salinization of soils under the conditionsof water use from the beam “Glynyana” and from the Samara river is estimated as insignificant,from the beam “Kosminna” ‒ average. The SAR value of mine waters in “Taranova” and“Svydovok” beams corresponds to a high level of salinity. Samara river waters belong to the 3rdclass and are characterized as highly mineralized, sometimes unsuitable for irrigation. Intensivenatural overgrowth of the mine dumps that have passed the stage of mining reclamation has beenrecorded near the “Heroyiv of Space”, “Pavlogradska” and “Samarska” mines. The rate of selfgrowthof the land cover around the mine “Ternovska” and “Blagodatna” is estimated as average.The self-healing levels of the “Ternovska” and “Blagodatna West Donbasska” mines are ratedfrom low to high. The greatest risk of salinization of soils under conditions of use of water fori
顿巴斯西部高矿化矿水的排放对具有重要渔业意义的萨马拉湾地区产生了负面影响。矿井储水池建在科斯米纳亚、塔拉诺瓦、格利尼亚纳和斯维多沃克沟渠矿区的深侵蚀切口上。没有在任何池塘进行底部筛选。构成底部的土壤不是水层，这有助于矿井水的密集过滤和含水层的污染。没有底部防水的人工池塘、排土场、矿井排水通道和其他污染源积极介入矿井排水影响区，恶化了顿巴斯西部的饮用水质量，而顿巴斯西部的饮用水储量有限。洪水泛滥，地下水泛滥，由于地表下沉，在萨马拉河、韦里卡捷尔尼夫卡河和斯维多沃克河、塔拉诺娃河、科斯米纳河等大河段的河流流域，由于洪水泛滥，越来越多的土地(与违规前相比)暂时被淹没。矿井水形成条件的差异决定了其对环境影响的性质和程度。萨马拉河洪泛区计算数据与实地数据进行复杂准确比较的主要困难如下:a)采矿参数的变化和用于当地需求的抽水率;B)水文变化，包括新渠道的形成、河床变形;C)监控网络的改造;D)增加池塘粘土底部的渗漏。主要目标是对顿巴斯西部采煤地区萨马拉河漫滩的状况进行全面的植被生态评估。利用Sentinel-2卫星系统的多光谱图像对研究区内进行远程评估。利用Sentinel-1卫星雷达干涉测量技术对研究区进行地貌评估。由于矿井的排水和地表的下沉，该地区出现了洪水。在使用“Glynyana”河和萨马拉河的水的条件下，土壤盐碱化的风险估计为微不足道，从“Kosminna”河-平均。“Taranova”和“Svydovok”波束的水雷SAR值对应于高盐度水平。萨马拉河的水属于第三类，其特点是高度矿化，有时不适合灌溉。在“太空的Heroyiv”、“Pavlogradska”和“Samarska”矿区附近，已经过了采矿复垦阶段的矿山堆积场出现了密集的自然过度生长。“Ternovska”和“Blagodatna”矿区周围土地覆盖的自我增长率估计为平均值。“Ternovska”和“Blagodatna West Donbasska”矿山的自愈水平由低到高。在灌溉用水条件下，土壤盐碱化风险最大的地方可能是位于塔拉诺夫和斯维多沃克梁上的人工池塘围栏。“versky”、“Ternivsky”、“Bogdanovsky”和“Boguslavskiy”养殖池塘的轮廓可以用萨马拉河洪泛平原地貌图遥感校正。所获得的数据也可用于萨马拉河河漫滩部分生态廊道网络的开发。
{"title":"Geospatial Assessment of the State of the Samara River Floodplain in the Area of Coal Mining in Western Donbas","authors":"М. Kharytonov, V. Pashova, S. M. Lemyshko, G. Yevgrashkina, O. Titarenko","doi":"10.32819/021012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021012","url":null,"abstract":"The discharge of highly mineralized mine waters of the Western Donbass negativelyaffected the Samara Bay area, which is of great fishery importance. Mine water storage pondswere built in deep erosional cuts in the territories of mine fields in the gullies of Kosminnaya,Taranova, Glinyana and Svidovok. The screening of the bottoms was not performed in any pond.The soils that make up the bottom are not aquicludes, which contributes to intensive filtration ofmine waters and pollution of aquifers. Artificial ponds built without waterproofing of bottoms,rock dumps, mine water discharge routes and other sources of pollution are actively involved inthe zone of influence of mine drainage and worsen the quality of drinking water, the reserves ofwhich in the Western Donbass are limited. There is flooding and flooding by groundwater, as wellas increasing (compared to the period before the violations) areas of land temporarily floodedduring floods on rivers in the valleys of the rivers Samara, Velyka Ternivka and such large beamsas Svydovok, Taranova, Kosminna due to subsidence of the earth’s surface. Differences in theconditions of formation of mine waters determine the nature and degree of their impact on theenvironment. The main difficulties making complicated accurate comparison between calculatedand field data in Samara river floodplain are following: a) changes in parameters of mining andpumping rates of water used for local needs; b) hydrological changes including formation ofnew channels, bed deformation; c) transformation of the monitoring network; d) increasing leakagethrough the clayey bottom of the ponds. The main objective is to provide a comprehensivegeo-ecological assessment of the state of the Samara river floodplain in the area of coal miningin the Western Donbass. Multispectral imagery of Sentinel-2 satellite system was used for remoteassessment within the study area. Geomorphologic assessment of the studied area was performedusing Sentinel-1 satellite radar interferometry. Flooding of the territory is observed due to minedrainage and subsidence of the earth’s surface. The risk of salinization of soils under the conditionsof water use from the beam “Glynyana” and from the Samara river is estimated as insignificant,from the beam “Kosminna” ‒ average. The SAR value of mine waters in “Taranova” and“Svydovok” beams corresponds to a high level of salinity. Samara river waters belong to the 3rdclass and are characterized as highly mineralized, sometimes unsuitable for irrigation. Intensivenatural overgrowth of the mine dumps that have passed the stage of mining reclamation has beenrecorded near the “Heroyiv of Space”, “Pavlogradska” and “Samarska” mines. The rate of selfgrowthof the land cover around the mine “Ternovska” and “Blagodatna” is estimated as average.The self-healing levels of the “Ternovska” and “Blagodatna West Donbasska” mines are ratedfrom low to high. The greatest risk of salinization of soils under conditions of use of water fori","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70171982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dynamic changes in forest ecosystems, which can be both short-term and long-term, are assessed on the scale of long-term biologically determined stages, through the determi-nation of age parameters. In this context, the results on the dynamic changes of the components of the aboveground phytomass of Scots pine in the northern steppe zone of Ukraine are presented. Based on the simulated growth tables of the studied modal artificial pine stands, standards for the dynamics of their bioproductivity have been developed for such components of aboveground phytomass as trunk in bark, branches in bark and needles. Modeling and statistical evaluation to determine the phytomass of the aboveground part of the pine stand: wood and bark of the trunk, branches and needles of the crown in a completely dry state. Tables of theoretical distribution of indicators of components of phytomass of pines for an age category from 10 to 80 years are con-structed. Regularities of phytomass changes of trunk components in bark and crown for stands of I–IV classes of quality were found. It is established that the dynamics of changes in the components of both the stem part and the components of the crown is characterized by a gradual increase in phytomass with age. The trend of dynamic changes is similar for all studied rating classes. It is ob-vious that stands of the first quality have the highest productivity of the studied classes. Decreased creditworthiness is accompanied by a gradual decline in productivity. It is investigated that the most significant differences in the phytomass parameters of different qualities are characteristic of older stands. It is calculated that the phytomass of the trunk in the bark varies from 5.4 t/ha (10 years) to 144 t/ha (80 years), and the nature of changes in the phytomass of the crown with age actually reflects the trend of phytomass dynamics of branches compared to pine. A comparative assessment of the dynamic changes of phytomass components of pine stands of the northern steppe part with the results of bioproductivity of pines of Ukrainian Polissya and Forest-Steppe, forest-steppe and northern-steppe regions of the European part, Kazakhstan and Siberia is given. On the basis of the received tables of dynamic changes of bioproductive processes in pines of the Northern Steppe the theoretical substantiation of practical use of normative-reference material for conditions of steppe part of Ukraine is made. The obtained results provide an opportunity to assess the current state of pine forests in the study region and predict the dynamics of their changes, which will allow the objective implementation of forestry measures, taking into account the regional peculiarities of pine formation.
{"title":"Dynamic bioproductivity of Scots pine stands within Northern Steppe of Ukraine conditions","authors":"V. Lovynska, S. Sytnyk, V. Chorna, K. Maslikova","doi":"10.32819/021014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021014","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic changes in forest ecosystems, which can be both short-term and long-term, are assessed on the scale of long-term biologically determined stages, through the determi-nation of age parameters. In this context, the results on the dynamic changes of the components of the aboveground phytomass of Scots pine in the northern steppe zone of Ukraine are presented. Based on the simulated growth tables of the studied modal artificial pine stands, standards for the dynamics of their bioproductivity have been developed for such components of aboveground phytomass as trunk in bark, branches in bark and needles. Modeling and statistical evaluation to determine the phytomass of the aboveground part of the pine stand: wood and bark of the trunk, branches and needles of the crown in a completely dry state. Tables of theoretical distribution of indicators of components of phytomass of pines for an age category from 10 to 80 years are con-structed. Regularities of phytomass changes of trunk components in bark and crown for stands of I–IV classes of quality were found. It is established that the dynamics of changes in the components of both the stem part and the components of the crown is characterized by a gradual increase in phytomass with age. The trend of dynamic changes is similar for all studied rating classes. It is ob-vious that stands of the first quality have the highest productivity of the studied classes. Decreased creditworthiness is accompanied by a gradual decline in productivity. It is investigated that the most significant differences in the phytomass parameters of different qualities are characteristic of older stands. It is calculated that the phytomass of the trunk in the bark varies from 5.4 t/ha (10 years) to 144 t/ha (80 years), and the nature of changes in the phytomass of the crown with age actually reflects the trend of phytomass dynamics of branches compared to pine. A comparative assessment of the dynamic changes of phytomass components of pine stands of the northern steppe part with the results of bioproductivity of pines of Ukrainian Polissya and Forest-Steppe, forest-steppe and northern-steppe regions of the European part, Kazakhstan and Siberia is given. On the basis of the received tables of dynamic changes of bioproductive processes in pines of the Northern Steppe the theoretical substantiation of practical use of normative-reference material for conditions of steppe part of Ukraine is made. The obtained results provide an opportunity to assess the current state of pine forests in the study region and predict the dynamics of their changes, which will allow the objective implementation of forestry measures, taking into account the regional peculiarities of pine formation.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Masiuk, R. Novitskyi, D. Ganzha, M. Listopadskyi, V. akhina
{"title":"Findings of Rare Plants and Animals in the Eastern Part of the Object of the Emerald Network �Samarskyi Lis � UA0000212�","authors":"O. Masiuk, R. Novitskyi, D. Ganzha, M. Listopadskyi, V. akhina","doi":"10.32819/021006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70171822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Tkalich, O. Тsyliuryk, Yu. M. Rudakov, V. Kozechko
Loss of soybean yields from weeds can reach 30–50%. Chemical methods of their control are of primary importance for obtaining the maximum grain yield. The critical period for weed control is stage from the first to third true leaf of the crop. The most active growth of unwanted vegetation in soybean crops is observed in the spring-summer period. And if during this period you can mainly suppress weeds, then in the future the crops will be relatively clean. In years when there is a sharp lack of moisture at the beginning of the growing season, a significant part of the plant seedlings appear at a later date, which creates additional problems for crop protection. In order to optimize weed protection measures, it is first necessary to know clearly the species composition of weeds in each specific agrocenosis. The development of highly effective systems of chemical protection of soybean crops against weeds largely depends on the application of highly effective herbicides. The maximum results in the control of weeds, in particular Сommon ragweed, at the time of renewal of spring vegetation, among the preparations used by as were provided by herbicides and their tank mixtures in variants with application of tank mixtures: Harmony: 8–10 g/ha + Command – 0,20–0,25 l/ha + Trend – 300 ml/ha. Here the technical efficiency was at the level of 70,0–72,0%. The increase of technical efficiency in variants with the application of tank mixtures of preparations was determined: Harmony – 8 g/ha + Command – 0,25 l/ha + Trend – 300 ml/ha; Harmony – 10 g/ha + Team – 0,20 l/ha + Trend – 300 ml/ha; Harmony – 10 g/ha + Team – 0,25 l/ha + Trend – 300 ml/ha and Harmony – 8 g/ha + Bazagran – 2,0 l/ha + Trend – 300 ml/ha. Spraying with herbicides and their tank mixtures in general made it possible to save from 0,81 to 1,01 t/ha of soybean grain, compared with the control without herbicides. Herbicide preparations differed slightly regarding the effect on the grain yield. It is necessary to distinguish only tank mixtures: Harmony – 10 g/ha + Commands – 0,20 l/ha + Trend –300 ml/ha; Harmony – 10 g/ha + Team – 0,25 l/ha + Trend – 300 ml/ha; Harmony – 8 g/ha + Bazagran – 2,0 l/ha + + Trend – 300 ml/ha, as well as Harmony – 12 g/ha. The indices of yields on these variants were maximum and amounted to 2,28; 2,31; 2,31 and 2,29 t/ha, which was more than the control by 43, 44, 44 and 43%, respectively.
{"title":"Efficiency of post-emergence (“insurance”) herbicides in soybean crops of the Northern Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"Y. Tkalich, O. Тsyliuryk, Yu. M. Rudakov, V. Kozechko","doi":"10.32819/021019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/021019","url":null,"abstract":"Loss of soybean yields from weeds can reach 30–50%. Chemical methods of their control are of primary importance for obtaining the maximum grain yield. The critical period for weed control is stage from the first to third true leaf of the crop. The most active growth of unwanted vegetation in soybean crops is observed in the spring-summer period. And if during this period you can mainly suppress weeds, then in the future the crops will be relatively clean. In years when there is a sharp lack of moisture at the beginning of the growing season, a significant part of the plant seedlings appear at a later date, which creates additional problems for crop protection. In order to optimize weed protection measures, it is first necessary to know clearly the species composition of weeds in each specific agrocenosis. The development of highly effective systems of chemical protection of soybean crops against weeds largely depends on the application of highly effective herbicides. The maximum results in the control of weeds, in particular Сommon ragweed, at the time of renewal of spring vegetation, among the preparations used by as were provided by herbicides and their tank mixtures in variants with application of tank mixtures: Harmony: 8–10 g/ha + Command – 0,20–0,25 l/ha + Trend – 300 ml/ha. Here the technical efficiency was at the level of 70,0–72,0%. The increase of technical efficiency in variants with the application of tank mixtures of preparations was determined: Harmony – 8 g/ha + Command – 0,25 l/ha + Trend – 300 ml/ha; Harmony – 10 g/ha + Team – 0,20 l/ha + Trend – 300 ml/ha; Harmony – 10 g/ha + Team – 0,25 l/ha + Trend – 300 ml/ha and Harmony – 8 g/ha + Bazagran – 2,0 l/ha + Trend – 300 ml/ha. Spraying with herbicides and their tank mixtures in general made it possible to save from 0,81 to 1,01 t/ha of soybean grain, compared with the control without herbicides. Herbicide preparations differed slightly regarding the effect on the grain yield. It is necessary to distinguish only tank mixtures: Harmony – 10 g/ha + Commands – 0,20 l/ha + Trend –300 ml/ha; Harmony – 10 g/ha + Team – 0,25 l/ha + Trend – 300 ml/ha; Harmony – 8 g/ha + Bazagran – 2,0 l/ha + + Trend – 300 ml/ha, as well as Harmony – 12 g/ha. The indices of yields on these variants were maximum and amounted to 2,28; 2,31; 2,31 and 2,29 t/ha, which was more than the control by 43, 44, 44 and 43%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70172010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Cherchel, O. Stasiv, T. Satarova, O. Zatyshniak, E. Lazarev
Cite this article: Cherchel, V. Y., Stasiv, O. F., Satarova, T. M., Zatyshniak, O. V., & Lazarev, E. V. (2020). Estimation of the resistance of maize lines to Sphacelotheca reiliana in the northern Steppe of Ukraine. Agrology, 3(4), 199‒204. doi: 10.32819/020023 Abstract. Maize selection for disease resistance is an actual task owing to the expansion of phytopathogens under climate changes and maize production in monoculture. The aim of the research was to differentiate modern maize initial breeding material by susceptibility to causative agent of head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) in the conditions of the northern Steppe of Ukraine. 28 maize inbreds from the collection of SE The Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS were taken for estimation of resistance to head smut in contrasting 2018 and 2019 on artificial infectious background in Dnipropetrovsk region. According to the results of the cultivation, all tested samples were divided into four classes on the level of susceptibility to disease: stable, low sensitive, middle sensitive and unstable. In 2018, 11 lines showed low sensitivity, 8 lines – middle and 9 lines – high sensitivity to head smut. In 2019 – no signs of pathogenesis were detected in 12 lines while 6 inbreds were classified as low sensitive, 7 – middle sensitive and 3 – high sensitive. The largest amount of stable or low sensitive to S. reiliana lines was among those ones originated from Lancaster germplasm. Among 9 lines of Iodent germplasm in 2018‒2019 inbred DK 742 was assigned to the 2nd class of sensitivity; DK315 and DK744 in 2018 – to 4th and 3rd classes while in 2019 – to 2nd and 1st classes, respectively. Five other Iodent lines were either unstable or had intermediate susceptibility to the pathogen. As to Reid germplasm in two research years DK239MV showed the sensitivity of 1.6‒9.0% and was classified as low sensitive; DK2323 was determined as intermediate sensitive in 2018 and high sensitive in 2019. In arid conditions of 2018 up to 20% of DK367 plants had typical signs of infection while in wet 2019 this line had no signs of infection by S. reiliana at all. Flint inbred DK4538 appeared unstable in both years. Other inbreds with flint grain type DK959 and DK276 in two years varied greatly on their resistance. DK 247MV which was related to line Co125 had low susceptibility to the pathogen at the level of 4.7‒5.6%. DK129-4, also related to Co125, demonstrated susceptibility from 0 to 18.3%. Since maize resistance to head smut is a polygenic trait, it largely depends on weather conditions, as well as the virulence of the pathogen, the ability of plants to prevent pathological processes at the level of histogenesis, fungistatic effects of soil microorganisms and maize root secretions. Taking into account the influence of the external environment, the revealed perspective lines with ability to withstand the head smut in the northern Steppe of Ukraine can be used in the selection process of maize hybrids resistant to S. reiliana.
引用本文:Cherchel, V. Y.， Stasiv, O. F.， Satarova, T. M.， Zatyshniak, O. V.和Lazarev, E. V.(2020)。乌克兰北部草原玉米品系对灰斑线虫的抗性评价。农业学报，33(4)，199-204。doi: 10.32819/020023由于气候变化和玉米单作生产条件下植物病原菌的扩大，玉米抗病选择是一项实际任务。在乌克兰北部草原条件下，通过对黑穗病病原菌(Sphacelotheca reiliana)的易感性来区分现代玉米初始育种材料。在第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克地区人工感染背景下，以SE收集的28个玉米自交系为研究对象，对比2018年和2019年对黑穗病的抗性。根据培养结果，将所有检测样品按易感程度分为稳定、低敏感、中敏感和不稳定4个等级。2018年，11个品系对头黑穗病表现出低敏感性，8个品系-中等敏感性，9个品系-高敏感性。2019年，12个系未发现发病迹象，6个自交系被分类为低敏感、7个中敏感和3个高敏感。在兰开斯特种质中，稳定型和低敏感型菌株数量最多。2018-2019年9个碘酸盐种质系中，近交系DK 742敏感性为二级;2018年DK315和DK744分别为4级和3级，2019年分别为2级和1级。其他5个碘系要么不稳定，要么对病原菌有中等敏感性。2个研究年的Reid种质DK239MV敏感性为1.6 ~ 9.0%，属低敏感;DK2323在2018年被确定为中等敏感，2019年被确定为高敏感。在2018年的干旱条件下，高达20%的DK367植物出现了典型的感染迹象，而在2019年的潮湿条件下，该品系根本没有被螺旋藻感染的迹象。燧石自交系DK4538在这两年都表现出不稳定。其他燧石粒型的自交系DK959和DK276在2年内的抗性变化较大。与Co125系相关的DK 247MV对病原菌的敏感性较低，为4.7% ~ 5.6%。DK129-4也与Co125相关，其敏感性为0 ~ 18.3%。由于玉米对黑穗病的抗性是一种多基因性状，它在很大程度上取决于天气条件，以及病原体的毒力，植物在组织发生水平上阻止病理过程的能力，土壤微生物和玉米根分泌物的抑菌作用。考虑外部环境的影响，在乌克兰北部草原发现的具有抗黑穗病能力的透视系可用于抗黑穗病玉米杂交种的选育过程。
{"title":"Estimation of the Resistance of Maize Lines to Sphacelotheca Reiliana in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"V. Cherchel, O. Stasiv, T. Satarova, O. Zatyshniak, E. Lazarev","doi":"10.32819/020023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/020023","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Cherchel, V. Y., Stasiv, O. F., Satarova, T. M., Zatyshniak, O. V., & Lazarev, E. V. (2020). Estimation of the resistance of maize lines to Sphacelotheca reiliana in the northern Steppe of Ukraine. Agrology, 3(4), 199‒204. doi: 10.32819/020023 Abstract. Maize selection for disease resistance is an actual task owing to the expansion of phytopathogens under climate changes and maize production in monoculture. The aim of the research was to differentiate modern maize initial breeding material by susceptibility to causative agent of head smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana) in the conditions of the northern Steppe of Ukraine. 28 maize inbreds from the collection of SE The Institute of Grain Crops of NAAS were taken for estimation of resistance to head smut in contrasting 2018 and 2019 on artificial infectious background in Dnipropetrovsk region. According to the results of the cultivation, all tested samples were divided into four classes on the level of susceptibility to disease: stable, low sensitive, middle sensitive and unstable. In 2018, 11 lines showed low sensitivity, 8 lines – middle and 9 lines – high sensitivity to head smut. In 2019 – no signs of pathogenesis were detected in 12 lines while 6 inbreds were classified as low sensitive, 7 – middle sensitive and 3 – high sensitive. The largest amount of stable or low sensitive to S. reiliana lines was among those ones originated from Lancaster germplasm. Among 9 lines of Iodent germplasm in 2018‒2019 inbred DK 742 was assigned to the 2nd class of sensitivity; DK315 and DK744 in 2018 – to 4th and 3rd classes while in 2019 – to 2nd and 1st classes, respectively. Five other Iodent lines were either unstable or had intermediate susceptibility to the pathogen. As to Reid germplasm in two research years DK239MV showed the sensitivity of 1.6‒9.0% and was classified as low sensitive; DK2323 was determined as intermediate sensitive in 2018 and high sensitive in 2019. In arid conditions of 2018 up to 20% of DK367 plants had typical signs of infection while in wet 2019 this line had no signs of infection by S. reiliana at all. Flint inbred DK4538 appeared unstable in both years. Other inbreds with flint grain type DK959 and DK276 in two years varied greatly on their resistance. DK 247MV which was related to line Co125 had low susceptibility to the pathogen at the level of 4.7‒5.6%. DK129-4, also related to Co125, demonstrated susceptibility from 0 to 18.3%. Since maize resistance to head smut is a polygenic trait, it largely depends on weather conditions, as well as the virulence of the pathogen, the ability of plants to prevent pathological processes at the level of histogenesis, fungistatic effects of soil microorganisms and maize root secretions. Taking into account the influence of the external environment, the revealed perspective lines with ability to withstand the head smut in the northern Steppe of Ukraine can be used in the selection process of maize hybrids resistant to S. reiliana.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70171651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental Impact Assessment: Possible Application of the Ecomorphic Approach","authors":"O. Kunakh, N. Yorkina, Y. Zhukova, A. Malasay","doi":"10.32819/020016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/020016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42343081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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