Cite this article: Psolova, А. О., Derkach, К. V., & Satarova, Т. М. (2019). Content of anthocyans in sweet corn with different grain coloring. Agrology, 2(2), 128‒133. doi: 10.32819/019019 Abstract. In connection with the unbalanced nutrition of people, the constant psychological and physical stress of humankind, the spread of diseases of different etymologies, the growing of agricultural crops with high anthocyan content and the obtaining of antioxidants from food products is very actual and requires more in-depth study. Sweet corn has proven itself as a valuable food culture, therefore it is expedient to search and create sweet corn genotypes with high content of anthocyans in grain. The material to be studied was the inbred line of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) CE401 with white coloring grain and the population of F4(CE401×Chornosteblova) with purple coloring grain. Determination of the content of anthocyans was carried out by means of modified method of differential spectrophotometry. The content of four nonglucosidic forms (delphinidin, pelargonidin, peonidin and cyanidin) and four glucoside (delphinidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside) forms of anthocyans have been analyzed. It was established that the total content of the analyzed species and forms of anthocyans in the white grain of the inbred line CE401 was 1174.5 mg/kg, and in the purple grain of the population F4(CE401×Chornosteblova) reached 2951.4 mg/kg, that is, the total content of anthocyans in grain increased in 2.5 times with the intensification of the coloring of sweet corn grain from white to purple. Significant variations in the percentage ratio of anthocyan fractions between two investigated genotypes of sweet corn were not observed. In both genotypes the content of glucosidic forms of anthocyans was almost twice exceeded the content of non-glucosidic forms (63.66% and 63.68% of nonglucosidic forms, respectively, in white and purple grain compared with 36.34% and 36.32% in glucosidic forms). Among the glucosidic forms in both genotypes was predominant peanidin-3-glucoside, and among non-glucosidic – pelargonidin. The intensity of the coloring of sweet corn grain in the purple coloring does not depend on the content or ratio of individual species and forms of anthocyans, but on their total content. The high content of anthocyans in purple maize grain makes it the actual to its using as a source of antioxidants and functional food.
{"title":"Content of anthocyans in sweet corn with different grain coloring","authors":"A. O. Psolova, K. Derkach, T. Satarova","doi":"10.32819/019019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/019019","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Psolova, А. О., Derkach, К. V., & Satarova, Т. М. (2019). Content of anthocyans in sweet corn with different grain coloring. Agrology, 2(2), 128‒133. doi: 10.32819/019019 Abstract. In connection with the unbalanced nutrition of people, the constant psychological and physical stress of humankind, the spread of diseases of different etymologies, the growing of agricultural crops with high anthocyan content and the obtaining of antioxidants from food products is very actual and requires more in-depth study. Sweet corn has proven itself as a valuable food culture, therefore it is expedient to search and create sweet corn genotypes with high content of anthocyans in grain. The material to be studied was the inbred line of sweet corn (Zea mays L.) CE401 with white coloring grain and the population of F4(CE401×Chornosteblova) with purple coloring grain. Determination of the content of anthocyans was carried out by means of modified method of differential spectrophotometry. The content of four nonglucosidic forms (delphinidin, pelargonidin, peonidin and cyanidin) and four glucoside (delphinidin-3-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside) forms of anthocyans have been analyzed. It was established that the total content of the analyzed species and forms of anthocyans in the white grain of the inbred line CE401 was 1174.5 mg/kg, and in the purple grain of the population F4(CE401×Chornosteblova) reached 2951.4 mg/kg, that is, the total content of anthocyans in grain increased in 2.5 times with the intensification of the coloring of sweet corn grain from white to purple. Significant variations in the percentage ratio of anthocyan fractions between two investigated genotypes of sweet corn were not observed. In both genotypes the content of glucosidic forms of anthocyans was almost twice exceeded the content of non-glucosidic forms (63.66% and 63.68% of nonglucosidic forms, respectively, in white and purple grain compared with 36.34% and 36.32% in glucosidic forms). Among the glucosidic forms in both genotypes was predominant peanidin-3-glucoside, and among non-glucosidic – pelargonidin. The intensity of the coloring of sweet corn grain in the purple coloring does not depend on the content or ratio of individual species and forms of anthocyans, but on their total content. The high content of anthocyans in purple maize grain makes it the actual to its using as a source of antioxidants and functional food.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42097217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. Within 2016‒2018 Kalussky district of the Ivano-Frankovsk area (Ukraine) cultivation of wheat summer kinds of Klarisa on sod-podzolic bedrocks in short-term rotation. It is positioned that application of the organic fertilizers received on a yield of the biogas equipments, at organic and organo-mineral fertilizer systems at all means of the basic treatment of sod-podzolic bedrock improved its agrophysical, agrochemical and biological properties that considerably influenced yield increase and quality indica tors of grain of wheat summer. So, at an organic fertilizer system on a variant of a sur - face treatment of bedrock (depth of 8‒10 sm) productivity of wheat summer has com pounded a discing 5,28 т/hectare, or on 2,43 т/hectare more than on control, indexes of the contents of protein, fiber, glassiness was above accordingly on 1,9%, 1,6% and 22% of indexes of a control variant. By the economic assaying it is defined that entering of the organic fertilizer received on offered technics, in an organic fertilizer system in a dose 40 т/hectare and in organo-mineral ‒ 20 т/hectare + N 40 P 30 K 40 at all means of the basic soil cultivation has provided augmentation of conditional net profit, has raised level of profit ability and has reduced the cost price of grain of wheat summer. The highest conditional net profit 13878 UAH/hectare, or on 8106 UAH/the hectare is more than control, the cost price 2872 UAH/т, or on 602 UAH/т below control, were on a variant of an organo-mineral fertilizer system (the dung of pigs received on a yield of the biogas equipment in a dose 20 т/hectare + N 40 P 30 K 40 ) on a surface treatment of bedrock (a discing depth of 8‒10 sm). On this variant profitability compounded on 33,3% more than the control. On the basis of field and laboratory explorations it is positioned that application of new kinds of organic fertilizers at organic both organo-mineral fertilizer systems and various means of treatment of sod-podzolic bedrocks positively influenced on their agrochemical, agrophysical and bi - ological properties that promoted enriching of growth and development of plants during all season of their vegetation, provided yield increase on 1,91‒2,43 т/hectare in comparison with control and enriching of quality indicators of wheat summer kinds of Klarisa.
在2016年至2018年期间，伊万诺-弗兰科夫斯克地区（乌克兰）的卡卢斯基区在草皮灰化基岩上种植夏季品种的Klarisa小麦，进行短期轮作。定位为，在沼气设备产量、有机和有机矿物肥料系统中，通过对草皮灰化基岩的基础处理，施用有机肥料，改善了其农业物理、农业化学和生物特性，极大地影响了小麦夏粮的增产和品质指标。因此，在有机肥系统中，在基岩表面处理（深度8-10 sm）的变体上，小麦夏季的生产力比对照高出5.28吨/公顷，或高出2.43吨/公顷。蛋白质、纤维和玻璃质含量指数相应地高于对照变体指数的1.9%、1.6%和22%。通过经济分析，定义了在所提供的工艺中获得的有机肥，在有机肥系统中以40吨/公顷的剂量和有机矿物-20吨/公顷+N 40 P 30 K 40的所有基础土壤耕作方式的加入，提供了条件净利润的增加，提高了小麦夏粮的盈利能力水平，降低了夏粮的成本价格。最高条件净利润为13878 UAH/公顷，或8106 UAH/每公顷超过控制，成本价格为2872 UAH/，或低于控制的602 UAH/的情况下，是在基岩表面处理（排水深度为8-10 m）上的有机矿物肥料系统的变体（猪粪在沼气设备产量上接受，剂量为20Ω/公顷+N 40 P 30 K 40）。在这一变体上，盈利能力比对照增加了33,3%。在现场和实验室探索的基础上，确定了新型有机肥料在有机-有机-无机肥料系统中的应用以及对草皮-灰化基岩的各种处理方法对其农业化学性质产生了积极影响，与夏小麦品种Klarisa的控制和质量指标的丰富相比，在其植被的整个季节，促进植物生长和发育的农业物理和生物学特性使产量增加了1.91-2.43吨/公顷。
{"title":"Efficiency of the basic soil tillage and fertilizer system at growing spring wheat in the conditions of Precarpathian region","authors":"S. Grynyk","doi":"10.32819/019017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/019017","url":null,"abstract":". Within 2016‒2018 Kalussky district of the Ivano-Frankovsk area (Ukraine) cultivation of wheat summer kinds of Klarisa on sod-podzolic bedrocks in short-term rotation. It is positioned that application of the organic fertilizers received on a yield of the biogas equipments, at organic and organo-mineral fertilizer systems at all means of the basic treatment of sod-podzolic bedrock improved its agrophysical, agrochemical and biological properties that considerably influenced yield increase and quality indica tors of grain of wheat summer. So, at an organic fertilizer system on a variant of a sur - face treatment of bedrock (depth of 8‒10 sm) productivity of wheat summer has com pounded a discing 5,28 т/hectare, or on 2,43 т/hectare more than on control, indexes of the contents of protein, fiber, glassiness was above accordingly on 1,9%, 1,6% and 22% of indexes of a control variant. By the economic assaying it is defined that entering of the organic fertilizer received on offered technics, in an organic fertilizer system in a dose 40 т/hectare and in organo-mineral ‒ 20 т/hectare + N 40 P 30 K 40 at all means of the basic soil cultivation has provided augmentation of conditional net profit, has raised level of profit ability and has reduced the cost price of grain of wheat summer. The highest conditional net profit 13878 UAH/hectare, or on 8106 UAH/the hectare is more than control, the cost price 2872 UAH/т, or on 602 UAH/т below control, were on a variant of an organo-mineral fertilizer system (the dung of pigs received on a yield of the biogas equipment in a dose 20 т/hectare + N 40 P 30 K 40 ) on a surface treatment of bedrock (a discing depth of 8‒10 sm). On this variant profitability compounded on 33,3% more than the control. On the basis of field and laboratory explorations it is positioned that application of new kinds of organic fertilizers at organic both organo-mineral fertilizer systems and various means of treatment of sod-podzolic bedrocks positively influenced on their agrochemical, agrophysical and bi - ological properties that promoted enriching of growth and development of plants during all season of their vegetation, provided yield increase on 1,91‒2,43 т/hectare in comparison with control and enriching of quality indicators of wheat summer kinds of Klarisa.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48804196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. In the process of post-harvest processing of corn seeds, the thermal drying of wet cob is the most energy-efficient operation. It depends on the value of the produce ‒ the seeds and its competitiveness on the market. Today, the problem of energy saving becomes more relevant in connection with a significant increase in prices for energy materials, the cost of which is about 90% of all costs for the drying process. Different technical and technological methods of energy saving during drying of corn seeds, such as two-stage drying of cobs with pre-drying in grain, return of exhaust coolant to the drying zone (recirculation), application of the maximum allowable heating temperatures of the cavities (intensive drying) are investigated. The most practical value is the reversing and recycling of coolants, which reduce fuel consumption by 20‒26%, fully preserve the quality of the seeds, do not require significant technical re-equipment of chamber corn dryers. The new method of energy saving based on the use of TPG heat generators working from corn cobs burning is determined and investigated. The technical and technological indicators of the operation of chamber corn dryer in the complex with the new heat generator TPG are investigated. The temperature regime corresponded to normative parameters and fluctuated within 38‒43 °C. The ventilation regime under which the drying took place depended on the mode of access of air to the fuel and ventilation compartment. Full air access provided a specific airflow at the level of 1393 m 3 /h per 1 tonne of boilers satisfying the norm of 800‒1000 m 3 /h. Relative humidity of the working hot air during the entire drying process was 10‒12%. In experiments, the drying rate fluctuated within the range from 0.16‒0.39%/h, the performance of one chamber ‒ 1.2‒6.0 t-%/h, depending on the weight of the cobs, their humidity and exposure of drying. Drying on the energy-saving complex did not have a negative impact on the quality of corn seeds. Laboratory similarity of the studied hybrids was 95‒98%, which corresponds to normative indexes. The yield of seeds dried in the energy-saving complex was at the control level, and in some cases exceeded it. Control was provided by seeds dried in a laboratory dryer at 39 °C with forced circulation of air and in premises at 20‒25 °C. The economic efficiency of the new drying method is determined. The total cost of drying maize cobs with different types of fuel is diesel 1145 UAH/t, gaseous ‒ 665 UAH/t, corn cobs ‒ 250 UAH/t. In general, the use of new heat generators does not have any negative effect on the technological process of drying ‒ its duration, dynamics and uniformity of drying of the cobs.
。在玉米种子采后加工过程中，湿玉米棒的热干燥是最节能的操作。这取决于农产品的价值——种子及其在市场上的竞争力。如今，节能问题与能源材料价格的显著上涨有关，能源材料的成本约为干燥过程所有成本的90%。研究了玉米种子干燥过程中的不同节能技术和工艺方法，如玉米棒的两阶段干燥和谷物预干燥、排气冷却液返回干燥区（再循环）、腔最高允许加热温度的应用（强化干燥）。最实用的价值是冷却液的换向和回收，可将燃料消耗减少20-26%，完全保持种子的质量，不需要对玉米烘干机进行大量的技术改造。确定并研究了利用以玉米芯为燃料的TPG热发生器进行节能的新方法。研究了采用新型热发生器TPG的组合式玉米烘干机的运行技术指标。温度范围符合标准参数，在38-43°C内波动。干燥的通风方式取决于空气进入燃料和通风室的方式。全空气通道提供了每1吨锅炉1393 m 3/h的特定气流，满足800-1000 m 3/h的标准。在整个干燥过程中，工作热空气的相对湿度为10-12%。在实验中，干燥速率在0.16-0.39%/h的范围内波动，一个腔室的性能在1.2-6.0 t-%/h的区间内波动，这取决于玉米芯的重量、湿度和干燥暴露。在节能复合体上干燥不会对玉米种子的质量产生负面影响。所研究的杂交种的实验室相似性为95-98%，符合规范性指标。在节能综合体中干燥的种子产量处于控制水平，在某些情况下甚至超过了控制水平。通过在39°C的实验室干燥器中强制空气循环干燥种子和在20-25°C的室内干燥种子来进行控制。确定了新干燥方法的经济效益。用不同类型的燃料干燥玉米芯的总成本为柴油1145 UAH/t、气态665 UAH/t和玉米芯250 UAH/t。总的来说，使用新的热发生器不会对干燥的工艺过程产生任何负面影响——其持续时间、动力学和玉米芯干燥的均匀性。
{"title":"Energy-saving drying of corn seeds","authors":"M. Kyrpa, V. Kulyk","doi":"10.32819/019012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/019012","url":null,"abstract":". In the process of post-harvest processing of corn seeds, the thermal drying of wet cob is the most energy-efficient operation. It depends on the value of the produce ‒ the seeds and its competitiveness on the market. Today, the problem of energy saving becomes more relevant in connection with a significant increase in prices for energy materials, the cost of which is about 90% of all costs for the drying process. Different technical and technological methods of energy saving during drying of corn seeds, such as two-stage drying of cobs with pre-drying in grain, return of exhaust coolant to the drying zone (recirculation), application of the maximum allowable heating temperatures of the cavities (intensive drying) are investigated. The most practical value is the reversing and recycling of coolants, which reduce fuel consumption by 20‒26%, fully preserve the quality of the seeds, do not require significant technical re-equipment of chamber corn dryers. The new method of energy saving based on the use of TPG heat generators working from corn cobs burning is determined and investigated. The technical and technological indicators of the operation of chamber corn dryer in the complex with the new heat generator TPG are investigated. The temperature regime corresponded to normative parameters and fluctuated within 38‒43 °C. The ventilation regime under which the drying took place depended on the mode of access of air to the fuel and ventilation compartment. Full air access provided a specific airflow at the level of 1393 m 3 /h per 1 tonne of boilers satisfying the norm of 800‒1000 m 3 /h. Relative humidity of the working hot air during the entire drying process was 10‒12%. In experiments, the drying rate fluctuated within the range from 0.16‒0.39%/h, the performance of one chamber ‒ 1.2‒6.0 t-%/h, depending on the weight of the cobs, their humidity and exposure of drying. Drying on the energy-saving complex did not have a negative impact on the quality of corn seeds. Laboratory similarity of the studied hybrids was 95‒98%, which corresponds to normative indexes. The yield of seeds dried in the energy-saving complex was at the control level, and in some cases exceeded it. Control was provided by seeds dried in a laboratory dryer at 39 °C with forced circulation of air and in premises at 20‒25 °C. The economic efficiency of the new drying method is determined. The total cost of drying maize cobs with different types of fuel is diesel 1145 UAH/t, gaseous ‒ 665 UAH/t, corn cobs ‒ 250 UAH/t. In general, the use of new heat generators does not have any negative effect on the technological process of drying ‒ its duration, dynamics and uniformity of drying of the cobs.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46567398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cite this article: Hospodarenko, G. M., Cherno, O. D., & Cherednik, A. Y. (2019). Formation of soil fertility for different fertilizer systems in field crop rotation. Agrology, 2(2), 79‒85. doi: 10.32819/019011 Abstract. The neсessity of systematic study of the indicatrors of fertility parameters is determined by the changes in the soil, because under the influence of intensification, they can be within the limits of the favorable interval or beyond its limits. More objective data on this issue can be obtained in stationary experiments in the crop rotation. It was established, that prolonged (50 years) application of mineral, organic and organo-mineral fertilizer systems in the field crop rotation in the conditions of right-bank forest-steppe led to change of all agrochemical properties of chernozem of podzolized heavy clayey loam. In accordance with mineral fertilizer system, pHkcl decreased by 0.9‒1.4 units in comparison with the initial values (pH 6.2), for organo-mineral ‒ by 1.0‒1.1, while the organic fertilizer system showed the slightest acidification effect ‒ by 0.9‒0.8 units. In the variant without fertilizers an exchange acidity decreased by 13%. The hydrolytic acidity also changed under the influence of fertilizer. In the crop rotation, it was enlarged to 2.7‒4.6 g/kg of soil, indicating the necessity for carrying out of liming. The return to soils large amount of calcium with farmyard manure restrains the process of acidification of the soil. The application of fertilizers also changed the nutrient regime of the soil. In the variant without fertilizers the nitrogen content of alkali ‒ hydrolyzed compounds was 101 mg/kg of soil, at application of mineral fertilizers it increased by 10‒24 mg/kg soil, farmyard manure – 6‒25, and for their combination – 11‒25 mg/kg of soil. Phosphate regime of chernozem of podzolized heavy clayey loam was well regulated. The content of mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium was the best at organo-mineral and mineral fertilizer systems, in which there was an increase in their content, respectively, by 39‒152 and 46‒162 mg/kg of soil, depending on the dose of fertilizers. The cultures of field crop rotation reacted differently to both doses of fertilizers and fertilizer systems. Average yield increase of peas from application of fertilizers was insignificant ‒ 0.5‒0.8 t/ha. The yield of the clover hay was slightly influenced by the application of fertilizer systems. Yield of clover hay was higher as a result of application of organic fertilizers. In the analysis of yields of the main crop rotations ‒ winter wheat, sugar beet and maize ‒ the advantage of organo-mineral fertilizer system was identified. Depending on the placement of these crops in crop rotation, compared to the control where no fertilizers were applied , the average yield increases of winter wheat, irrespective of their predecessors, were 0.84‒1.61 t/ha, sugar beet ‒ 8.7‒15.7, maize ‒ 1.11‒2.34 t/ha. Consequently, the application of the
{"title":"Formation of soil fertility for different fertilizer systems in field crop rotation","authors":"G. Hospodarenko, O. Cherno, A. Cherednik","doi":"10.32819/019011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/019011","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Hospodarenko, G. M., Cherno, O. D., & Cherednik, A. Y. (2019). Formation of soil fertility for different fertilizer systems in field crop rotation. Agrology, 2(2), 79‒85. doi: 10.32819/019011 Abstract. The neсessity of systematic study of the indicatrors of fertility parameters is determined by the changes in the soil, because under the influence of intensification, they can be within the limits of the favorable interval or beyond its limits. More objective data on this issue can be obtained in stationary experiments in the crop rotation. It was established, that prolonged (50 years) application of mineral, organic and organo-mineral fertilizer systems in the field crop rotation in the conditions of right-bank forest-steppe led to change of all agrochemical properties of chernozem of podzolized heavy clayey loam. In accordance with mineral fertilizer system, pHkcl decreased by 0.9‒1.4 units in comparison with the initial values (pH 6.2), for organo-mineral ‒ by 1.0‒1.1, while the organic fertilizer system showed the slightest acidification effect ‒ by 0.9‒0.8 units. In the variant without fertilizers an exchange acidity decreased by 13%. The hydrolytic acidity also changed under the influence of fertilizer. In the crop rotation, it was enlarged to 2.7‒4.6 g/kg of soil, indicating the necessity for carrying out of liming. The return to soils large amount of calcium with farmyard manure restrains the process of acidification of the soil. The application of fertilizers also changed the nutrient regime of the soil. In the variant without fertilizers the nitrogen content of alkali ‒ hydrolyzed compounds was 101 mg/kg of soil, at application of mineral fertilizers it increased by 10‒24 mg/kg soil, farmyard manure – 6‒25, and for their combination – 11‒25 mg/kg of soil. Phosphate regime of chernozem of podzolized heavy clayey loam was well regulated. The content of mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium was the best at organo-mineral and mineral fertilizer systems, in which there was an increase in their content, respectively, by 39‒152 and 46‒162 mg/kg of soil, depending on the dose of fertilizers. The cultures of field crop rotation reacted differently to both doses of fertilizers and fertilizer systems. Average yield increase of peas from application of fertilizers was insignificant ‒ 0.5‒0.8 t/ha. The yield of the clover hay was slightly influenced by the application of fertilizer systems. Yield of clover hay was higher as a result of application of organic fertilizers. In the analysis of yields of the main crop rotations ‒ winter wheat, sugar beet and maize ‒ the advantage of organo-mineral fertilizer system was identified. Depending on the placement of these crops in crop rotation, compared to the control where no fertilizers were applied , the average yield increases of winter wheat, irrespective of their predecessors, were 0.84‒1.61 t/ha, sugar beet ‒ 8.7‒15.7, maize ‒ 1.11‒2.34 t/ha. Consequently, the application of the","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46575374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Shevchenko, S. Shevchenko, O. Shevchenko, K. A. Derevenets-Shevchenko, N. Shvets
Cite this article: Shevchenko, M. S., Shevchenko, S. M., Shevchenko, O. M., Derevenets-Shevchenko, K. A., & Shvets, N. V. (2019). Agrobiological and technological methods of increase of erosion-preventive potential of soils in crop rotation. Agrology, 2(2), 122‒127. doi: 10.32819/019018 Abstract. The analysis of the experimental data obtained in stationary field experiments in the conditions of northern Steppe in the estimation of erosion-preventive resistance of various biotechnological systems is given. The main factors of the erosion-preventive regulation were 5-field grain-row crop rotation, different methods of base cultivation of soil and direct sowing, as well as plant mulch as a protective screen on the field surface. In the research the new methods and characteristics of reaction of the soil on the displays of water erosion which include the methods of packet monolith, traps and water absorbtion capacity of soil are used. Such a scientific instrument has allowed to estimate objectively and promptly the level of erosive safety at all stages of organogenesis of agricultural crops and at pauses between vegetation. It has been experimentally established that the greatest threat of erosive degradation of soils in the agrotechnological aspect represent the phytocenotic density of crops, the activity of soil tillage implements, the absence of mulching screen, the tread condition of soil surface. It has been proved that the application of chisel disk cultivation of soil and No-till under spring barley and winter wheat in comparison with the most erosion-dangerous element plowing in bare fallow reduces the displays of water erosion in 2,4‒3,3 times. On sowings of row crops with an increased level of erosion threat, soil protective methods of basic cultivation can reduce soil washoff by 1,5‒2,2 times. The mechanics of soil movement in the arable layer have been discovered, depending on the design of the tools of the soil-cultivating units. A mobile way of determining the depth of precipitation moisture infiltration by means of differentiation of the arable layer in accordance with soil hardness index is proposed. Priority of erosion-preventive agro-technological measures should be maintained despite the reduction of grain yield by 5‒11% and the need for some modernization of farm crop growing technologies.
{"title":"Agrobiological and technological methods of increase of erosion-preventive potential of soils in crop rotation","authors":"M. Shevchenko, S. Shevchenko, O. Shevchenko, K. A. Derevenets-Shevchenko, N. Shvets","doi":"10.32819/019018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/019018","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Shevchenko, M. S., Shevchenko, S. M., Shevchenko, O. M., Derevenets-Shevchenko, K. A., & Shvets, N. V. (2019). Agrobiological and technological methods of increase of erosion-preventive potential of soils in crop rotation. Agrology, 2(2), 122‒127. doi: 10.32819/019018 Abstract. The analysis of the experimental data obtained in stationary field experiments in the conditions of northern Steppe in the estimation of erosion-preventive resistance of various biotechnological systems is given. The main factors of the erosion-preventive regulation were 5-field grain-row crop rotation, different methods of base cultivation of soil and direct sowing, as well as plant mulch as a protective screen on the field surface. In the research the new methods and characteristics of reaction of the soil on the displays of water erosion which include the methods of packet monolith, traps and water absorbtion capacity of soil are used. Such a scientific instrument has allowed to estimate objectively and promptly the level of erosive safety at all stages of organogenesis of agricultural crops and at pauses between vegetation. It has been experimentally established that the greatest threat of erosive degradation of soils in the agrotechnological aspect represent the phytocenotic density of crops, the activity of soil tillage implements, the absence of mulching screen, the tread condition of soil surface. It has been proved that the application of chisel disk cultivation of soil and No-till under spring barley and winter wheat in comparison with the most erosion-dangerous element plowing in bare fallow reduces the displays of water erosion in 2,4‒3,3 times. On sowings of row crops with an increased level of erosion threat, soil protective methods of basic cultivation can reduce soil washoff by 1,5‒2,2 times. The mechanics of soil movement in the arable layer have been discovered, depending on the design of the tools of the soil-cultivating units. A mobile way of determining the depth of precipitation moisture infiltration by means of differentiation of the arable layer in accordance with soil hardness index is proposed. Priority of erosion-preventive agro-technological measures should be maintained despite the reduction of grain yield by 5‒11% and the need for some modernization of farm crop growing technologies.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46965041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cite this article: Nalbandyan, M. A., & Saakov, A. S. (2019). The patterns of heavy metals accumulation in water, soil and their transfer in the soil–plant system in the catchment area of the Sotk and Masrik rivers. Agrology, 2(2), 112‒116. doi: 10.32819/019016 Abstract. The problem of pollution of the catchment area of the Masrik river, located in the basin of lake Sevan, is associated with the gold mining plant in the basin of its Sotk tributary, where ore is mined and crushed. Industrial activity changes the natural background of the formation of the quality of various media within the river basin in terms of the heavy metals content in them. Geo-ecological studies in areas of mining activity are relevant from the point of view of assessing the level of pollution and environmental quality control. The object is the drainage basin of the Masrik river with the Sotk tributary that flows near the territory of the gold ore plant. The subject of research is heavy metals in various environments ‒ in water, soil, plants, their behaviour, accumulation and transfer. The contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Co, Cd and Ni were determined in water samples, floodplain soils and plants collected in the basins of the Sotk and Masrik rivers. The regularity of the prevalence of summer concentrations of copper over spring was established. It is associated with the difference in water flow in the river, when summer low water is characterized by a sharp decrease in the water content of the rivers. Lead is characterized by the predominance of spring concentrations in the upper reaches of the Sotk river and summer concentrations in the lower reaches of the Masrik River basin. This trend can be due to the washout of storm drains in spring in the Sotk River basin, which is characterized by steep banks and accumulation in the summer period in the flat part of the Masrik river. In general, for both seasons, zinc and nickel differ in relatively high concentrations. According to studies, the values of the distribution coefficient of heavy metals in soils showed a dependence on pH level. The distribution coefficients increased with decreasing acidity values. Pb was among the highest coefficients studied, and the minimum values were typical for Cu. The obtained values of the distribution coefficient indicate that copper has a high solubility and, under favourable conditions, passes into the soil solution. High lead coefficients indicate its low solubility and high adsorption in the soil. The results of the trends analysis and revealed patterns confirmed the presence of a high level of copper solubility in the soil, as well as the significant bioavailability of this metal to plants. For lead, trends of low solubility in soil have been found, but on the issue of bioavailability to plants, it exhibits ambiguous behaviour. Nickel, in terms of accumulation of soil–plant migration in the soil, shows the lowest chemical activity.
引用本文:Nalbandyan, M. A. & Saakov, A. S.(2019)。Sotk河和Masrik河汇水区重金属在水、土壤中的积累模式及其在土壤-植物系统中的转移土壤学报，2(2)，112-116。doi: 10.3969 / j.i ssn . 0001位于塞万湖流域的马斯里克河集水区的污染问题与其索特克支流流域的金矿厂有关，在那里开采和粉碎矿石。工业活动从重金属含量的角度改变了流域内各种介质质量形成的自然背景。从评价污染程度和环境质量控制的角度来看，采矿活动地区的地质生态研究是相关的。项目的目标是Masrik河的流域和Sotk支流，该支流在金矿厂附近流动。研究的主题是各种环境中的重金属-在水，土壤，植物，他们的行为，积累和转移。测定了Sotk河和Masrik河流域水样、漫滩土壤和植物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Co、Cd和Ni的含量。建立了夏季铜浓度高于春季铜浓度的规律。它与河流中水流的差异有关，当夏季低潮时，河流的含水量急剧减少。铅的特点是春季集中在索克河上游，夏季集中在马斯里克河流域下游。这一趋势可能是由于春季Sotk河流域暴雨排水的冲刷，其特征是陡峭的河岸和夏季Masrik河平坦部分的积累。总的来说，在这两个季节，锌和镍的浓度都相对较高。研究表明，土壤重金属分布系数随pH值的变化而变化。随着酸度值的减小，分布系数增大。Pb的系数最高，Cu的系数最小。得到的分布系数值表明，铜具有较高的溶解度，在有利条件下，可以进入土壤溶液。铅系数高表明其在土壤中的溶解度低，吸附性强。趋势分析的结果和揭示的模式证实了土壤中存在高水平的铜溶解度，以及这种金属对植物的显著生物利用度。对于铅，土壤中溶解度低的趋势已被发现，但在植物的生物可利用性问题上，它表现出模棱两可的行为。就土壤-植物迁移积累而言，镍在土壤中的化学活性最低。
{"title":"The patterns of heavy metals accumulation in water, soil and their transfer in the soil–plant system in the catchment area of the Sotk and Masrik rivers","authors":"M. Nalbandyan, A. S. Saakov","doi":"10.32819/019016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/019016","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Nalbandyan, M. A., & Saakov, A. S. (2019). The patterns of heavy metals accumulation in water, soil and their transfer in the soil–plant system in the catchment area of the Sotk and Masrik rivers. Agrology, 2(2), 112‒116. doi: 10.32819/019016 Abstract. The problem of pollution of the catchment area of the Masrik river, located in the basin of lake Sevan, is associated with the gold mining plant in the basin of its Sotk tributary, where ore is mined and crushed. Industrial activity changes the natural background of the formation of the quality of various media within the river basin in terms of the heavy metals content in them. Geo-ecological studies in areas of mining activity are relevant from the point of view of assessing the level of pollution and environmental quality control. The object is the drainage basin of the Masrik river with the Sotk tributary that flows near the territory of the gold ore plant. The subject of research is heavy metals in various environments ‒ in water, soil, plants, their behaviour, accumulation and transfer. The contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Co, Cd and Ni were determined in water samples, floodplain soils and plants collected in the basins of the Sotk and Masrik rivers. The regularity of the prevalence of summer concentrations of copper over spring was established. It is associated with the difference in water flow in the river, when summer low water is characterized by a sharp decrease in the water content of the rivers. Lead is characterized by the predominance of spring concentrations in the upper reaches of the Sotk river and summer concentrations in the lower reaches of the Masrik River basin. This trend can be due to the washout of storm drains in spring in the Sotk River basin, which is characterized by steep banks and accumulation in the summer period in the flat part of the Masrik river. In general, for both seasons, zinc and nickel differ in relatively high concentrations. According to studies, the values of the distribution coefficient of heavy metals in soils showed a dependence on pH level. The distribution coefficients increased with decreasing acidity values. Pb was among the highest coefficients studied, and the minimum values were typical for Cu. The obtained values of the distribution coefficient indicate that copper has a high solubility and, under favourable conditions, passes into the soil solution. High lead coefficients indicate its low solubility and high adsorption in the soil. The results of the trends analysis and revealed patterns confirmed the presence of a high level of copper solubility in the soil, as well as the significant bioavailability of this metal to plants. For lead, trends of low solubility in soil have been found, but on the issue of bioavailability to plants, it exhibits ambiguous behaviour. Nickel, in terms of accumulation of soil–plant migration in the soil, shows the lowest chemical activity.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42104815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Physiognomic vegetation types and their identification by using the decryption of digital images","authors":"О. В. Zhukov, D. Kovalenko, K. P. Maslykova","doi":"10.32819/019013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/019013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46912885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-21DOI: 10.32819/2617-6106.2018.14011
O. Rudik
Cite this article: Rudik, O. L. (2019). Influence of agrotechnical methods on yield formation and quality of seeds of oil-bearing flax. Agrology, 2(1), 3‒9. doi: 10.32819/2617-6106.2018.14011 Abstract. In the field experiments, it was established that the increase of seeding rate significantly raised the density of plant stand per unit area under crops, which stepped up the competition for factors of life. A gradual decrease in field germination rate was recorded in accordance with the increase of seeding rate, and the difference between the extreme seeding rates was 3.6 percentage points for early timing of sowing, 2.3 ‒ for the average timing and 0.8 for the late timing of sowing. Changing the timing of sowing and crowdedness of crops determined the formation of plants of different architectonics and productivity. The plants sown in the middle timing of sowing formed the largest number of pods. On average, by the factor the number of pods was more by 3.8% than in early sowing and more by 7.3% than at the late one. As a result of an increase in seeding rates from 4 to 12 million pieces per hectare, the number of pods decreased by 2.67 times in early sowing, 2.6 times in the middle and 2.59 times in the late sowing. In most cases, the transfer of the sowing timing led to decrease in the number of seeds in one pod. Late sowing also led to a slight decrease in the mass of 1000 seeds, however, at a reliable level, these differences are only observed between early and late timing of sowings. Increasing the seeding rate from 4 to 6 million pieces per hectare was accompanied by an increase in the mass of 1000 seeds, which is possibly connected with the formation of them at the expense of pods of the basal branching shoots. On average, over the years of research, irrespective of the seeding rate, the yield of seeds was significantly higher for the sowing of culture when the soil reached a state of physical mellowness. The translocation of the sowing timing on average for ten and twenty days was accompanied by a decrease in seed yield by 0.02 and 0.18 t/ha, respectively. The values of yield of flax were the closest in the early and middle timings of sowing, whereas at the late timing of sowing the difference was the highest. The most intensive increase of the yield was observed with increasing of seeding rates from 4 to 6 million pcs/ha. In the sequel, the differences between the variants 8 and 10 million pcs/ha at early timing of sowing, 6 and 8 million pcs/ha at middle and late timing of sowing were within the range of the experimental error or were close. Under the influence of the investigated factors, the yield of straw varied from 1.24 to 1.79 t/ha. Sowing of oil-bearing flax at early timing provided a higher yield of straw, an average of 1.74 t/ha. Conducting of sowing in the late timing was accompanied by decrease in the content of the bast tissue.
{"title":"Influence of agrotechnical methods on yield formation and quality of seeds of oil-bearing flax","authors":"O. Rudik","doi":"10.32819/2617-6106.2018.14011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2617-6106.2018.14011","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Rudik, O. L. (2019). Influence of agrotechnical methods on yield formation and quality of seeds of oil-bearing flax. Agrology, 2(1), 3‒9. doi: 10.32819/2617-6106.2018.14011 Abstract. In the field experiments, it was established that the increase of seeding rate significantly raised the density of plant stand per unit area under crops, which stepped up the competition for factors of life. A gradual decrease in field germination rate was recorded in accordance with the increase of seeding rate, and the difference between the extreme seeding rates was 3.6 percentage points for early timing of sowing, 2.3 ‒ for the average timing and 0.8 for the late timing of sowing. Changing the timing of sowing and crowdedness of crops determined the formation of plants of different architectonics and productivity. The plants sown in the middle timing of sowing formed the largest number of pods. On average, by the factor the number of pods was more by 3.8% than in early sowing and more by 7.3% than at the late one. As a result of an increase in seeding rates from 4 to 12 million pieces per hectare, the number of pods decreased by 2.67 times in early sowing, 2.6 times in the middle and 2.59 times in the late sowing. In most cases, the transfer of the sowing timing led to decrease in the number of seeds in one pod. Late sowing also led to a slight decrease in the mass of 1000 seeds, however, at a reliable level, these differences are only observed between early and late timing of sowings. Increasing the seeding rate from 4 to 6 million pieces per hectare was accompanied by an increase in the mass of 1000 seeds, which is possibly connected with the formation of them at the expense of pods of the basal branching shoots. On average, over the years of research, irrespective of the seeding rate, the yield of seeds was significantly higher for the sowing of culture when the soil reached a state of physical mellowness. The translocation of the sowing timing on average for ten and twenty days was accompanied by a decrease in seed yield by 0.02 and 0.18 t/ha, respectively. The values of yield of flax were the closest in the early and middle timings of sowing, whereas at the late timing of sowing the difference was the highest. The most intensive increase of the yield was observed with increasing of seeding rates from 4 to 6 million pcs/ha. In the sequel, the differences between the variants 8 and 10 million pcs/ha at early timing of sowing, 6 and 8 million pcs/ha at middle and late timing of sowing were within the range of the experimental error or were close. Under the influence of the investigated factors, the yield of straw varied from 1.24 to 1.79 t/ha. Sowing of oil-bearing flax at early timing provided a higher yield of straw, an average of 1.74 t/ha. Conducting of sowing in the late timing was accompanied by decrease in the content of the bast tissue.","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43539897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-21DOI: 10.32819/2617-6106.2018.14020
M. Kulyk, M. Galytska, M. S. Samoylik, I. Zhornyk
Cite this article: Kulyk, M. I., Galytska, M. A., Samoylik, M. S., & Zhornyk, I. I. (2019). Phytoremediation aspects of energy crops use in Ukraine. Agrology, 2(1), 65‒73. doi: 10.32819/2617-6106.2018.14020 Abstract. Today clearing of contaminated soils from heavy metals, pesticide residues is very important problem for Ukraine. Soil pollution is considered to be the result of the functioning of metallurgical and chemical industrial enterprises, as well as the irrational application of chemical plant protection means in the agricultural sector. The range of such preparations as well as the areas of contaminated soils are increasing every year. Phytoremediation with the help of herbaceous plants is one of the most effective methods of decontamination. This list of plants should be supplemented by perennial energy crops, taking into account the absorbing powers of their root system. The basis for preparing the material was the multiple scientific literary sources of domestic and foreign scientists on an investigated theme, the workingout of relevant techniques and scientific and practical recommendations. We applied both general scientific methods (dialectics, analysis and synthesis) and special ones for conducting of analytical review of literature. The largest area of soil in Ukraine is contaminated with cobalt, molybdenum, and copper, whose content exceeds not only the background values but also the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC). It has been defined that the intensity of heavy metals transition in the system “soil-plant” of the energy crops has the following form Cd→Cu→Zn→Pb. Perennial energy crops are capable to create quickly an above ground phytomass and to form an aggressive root system that enables them to accumulate heavy metals from the soil. They can be new and important plants for phytoremediation. At the same time, the energy crops are allocated in accordance with agroclimatic zoning taking into account plant responses to the growing conditions and also applying the scheme of soil remediation from heavy metals. It has been established that energy crops (Switchgrass and Silvergrass) are Hyperaccumulators. They actively absorb heavy metals and partialy accumulate them in their underground and above ground parts. Silvergrass (Miscanthus giganteus) provides higher yield than switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), though switchgrass has less dry matter content, higher accumulation of heavy metals in plant phytomass but the maximum permissible concentration is lower than regulated standards. Silvergrass (Miscanthus giganteus) provides higher yield than switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), though switchgrass has less dry matter content, higher accumulation of heavy metals in plant phytomass and maximum permissible concentration is lower than regulated standards. On termination of the vegetation, the above-ground vegetative mass of these plants can undergo to proper processing that is an additional source of nonferrous metals or biofuel product
{"title":"Phytoremediation aspects of energy crops use in Ukraine","authors":"M. Kulyk, M. Galytska, M. S. Samoylik, I. Zhornyk","doi":"10.32819/2617-6106.2018.14020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32819/2617-6106.2018.14020","url":null,"abstract":"Cite this article: Kulyk, M. I., Galytska, M. A., Samoylik, M. S., & Zhornyk, I. I. (2019). Phytoremediation aspects of energy crops use in Ukraine. Agrology, 2(1), 65‒73. doi: 10.32819/2617-6106.2018.14020 Abstract. Today clearing of contaminated soils from heavy metals, pesticide residues is very important problem for Ukraine. Soil pollution is considered to be the result of the functioning of metallurgical and chemical industrial enterprises, as well as the irrational application of chemical plant protection means in the agricultural sector. The range of such preparations as well as the areas of contaminated soils are increasing every year. Phytoremediation with the help of herbaceous plants is one of the most effective methods of decontamination. This list of plants should be supplemented by perennial energy crops, taking into account the absorbing powers of their root system. The basis for preparing the material was the multiple scientific literary sources of domestic and foreign scientists on an investigated theme, the workingout of relevant techniques and scientific and practical recommendations. We applied both general scientific methods (dialectics, analysis and synthesis) and special ones for conducting of analytical review of literature. The largest area of soil in Ukraine is contaminated with cobalt, molybdenum, and copper, whose content exceeds not only the background values but also the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC). It has been defined that the intensity of heavy metals transition in the system “soil-plant” of the energy crops has the following form Cd→Cu→Zn→Pb. Perennial energy crops are capable to create quickly an above ground phytomass and to form an aggressive root system that enables them to accumulate heavy metals from the soil. They can be new and important plants for phytoremediation. At the same time, the energy crops are allocated in accordance with agroclimatic zoning taking into account plant responses to the growing conditions and also applying the scheme of soil remediation from heavy metals. It has been established that energy crops (Switchgrass and Silvergrass) are Hyperaccumulators. They actively absorb heavy metals and partialy accumulate them in their underground and above ground parts. Silvergrass (Miscanthus giganteus) provides higher yield than switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), though switchgrass has less dry matter content, higher accumulation of heavy metals in plant phytomass but the maximum permissible concentration is lower than regulated standards. Silvergrass (Miscanthus giganteus) provides higher yield than switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), though switchgrass has less dry matter content, higher accumulation of heavy metals in plant phytomass and maximum permissible concentration is lower than regulated standards. On termination of the vegetation, the above-ground vegetative mass of these plants can undergo to proper processing that is an additional source of nonferrous metals or biofuel product","PeriodicalId":33211,"journal":{"name":"Agrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44409324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-21DOI: 10.32819/2617-6106.2018.14019
P. Volokh, Dnipro State Agrarian, A. Kobets, Y. Grytsan, O. Ostrinina
. Soil is a complicated organ and mineral composition in the upper layer of the lithosphere. In centuries-old synergistic zonal development it acquired a biosphere trait, which is the natural fertility. Intensive use of pedosphere influenced the directions of cultural soiloge-nesis and contributed to the formation of natural anthropic soil fertility, which is the important factor in agroecosystem functioning. The pedocentric approach in soil fertility evaluation and purposeful human activity on the ecotope as integrated resource of agroecosystem should ensure the efficient farmland use today. Soil monitoring involves monitoring the optimal landuse and farmland transformation based on agroecological analytical work. It is substantiated that for the improvement of agrarian and environmental legislation at the state level, it is necessary to clearly define the definitions of “soil”, “land”, the category “especially valuable grounds” within farmlands. It is indicated that in the land legislation, legal acts and law practice a plot in farmland in addition to physical parameters (area, boundaries, location), legal norms (cadastral number, code and intended purpose) should have a genetically determined sign, which is the type of soil. Conditions of effective filing in farmland management with taking into account systematics (nomenclature, taxonomy, diagnostics) of agronomic soil science are outlined. It is determined that the normative monetary valuation of farmland characterizes the cost of a natural resource, the type of soil and is based on the constant data of the trophy of the cultural edaphotope and biological productivity of field and fruit plants, based on the requirements of agrotechnologies. It is proposed to clarify certain provisions of Article 150 of the Land Code of Ukraine and the unified agroecological definition of the concept “soil’’, which will promote proper application of law in land use. Rationally formed types of agrarian landscapes will promote the maintenance of ecological balance, reduction and prevention of degradation of soils. The norms of environmental law should be supplemented with the category “virgin zonal types of soils”, which will contribute to the conservation and enhancement of biodiversity and the comparative control of the environmental sustainability of the agrosphere.
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