Introduction: Adolescent high school swimmers, aged 13-16 years, are an athletic population that can benefit from a strength and conditioning (S&C) program which caters for their developmental and sports-specific needs. The aim of this case study was to analyze the adherence to and subsequent effect of a short-term (12-week) combined supervised and unsupervised S&C program in elite adolescent swimmers during a competitive season. Methods: Seven elite adolescent swimmers (4 females, 3 males) completed the study (age: 15.2 ± 0.5 years; mass: 64.5 ± 5.1 kg; stature: 1.76 ± 0.07 m). The participants were required to adhere to one supervised S&C session and two unsupervised S&C sessions per week that were performed on non-consecutive days while maintaining their traditional swimming training schedules. The unsupervised component was delivered digitally with participant feedback monitored. The S&C program consisted of upper- and lower limbs exercises with low loads and low volume as well as bodyweight exercise. Adherence to both programs was measured by attendance with correlational analysis conducted from total S&C program adherence to swim performance. The effect of the S&C training protocol was assessed using performance time pre and post the S&C intervention during the 50-m freestyle swim. Results: The S&C training program intervention resulted in significant improvements in the 50-m freestyle swim (p < 0.001, d = >1). Total adherence to the supervised and unsupervised parts of the S&C program was 88% while adherence to the digital only component was 76%. Although a correlation was observed between total adherence to the combined supervised and unsupervised S&C program (r = 0.8, p = 0.0243) and improved 50 m freestyle swim performance, this was not the case when the unsupervised component was compared to swim time performance (r = 0.4, p = 0.679). Conclusions: This case study demonstrated that a 12-week S&C intervention has a positive effect on elite adolescents’ 50 m freestyle swim performance. Furthermore, swim performance was improved when participant adherence to both formats of the S&C program were met. This study supports the development of S&C interventions to develop these correlates and increase adherence.
青少年高中游泳运动员，年龄13-16岁，是一个运动人群，可以从力量和调节(S&C)计划中受益，以满足他们的发展和运动的具体需求。本案例研究的目的是分析优秀青少年游泳运动员在竞技赛季中对短期(12周)有监督和无监督的S&C项目的依从性及其后续效果。方法:7名优秀青少年游泳运动员(女4名，男3名)完成研究(年龄:15.2±0.5岁;质量:64.5±5.1 kg;身高:1.76±0.07米)。参与者被要求在保持传统游泳训练计划的同时，每周进行一次有监督的S&C课程和两次无监督的S&C课程，这些课程在非连续的天进行。无监督的部分以数字方式交付，并监控参与者的反馈。S&C项目包括低负荷、低体积的上肢和下肢锻炼以及体重锻炼。对这两个项目的依从性是通过出勤率来衡量的，并进行了从总体S&C项目依从性到游泳表现的相关分析。在50米自由泳比赛中，使用S&C干预前后的表现时间来评估S&C训练方案的效果。结果:S&C训练计划干预导致50米自由泳的显著改善(p <0.001, d = >1)。在S&C项目中，有监督和无监督部分的总依从性为88%，而只有数字部分的依从性为76%。虽然观察到总遵守有监督和无监督的S&C程序(r = 0.8, p = 0.0243)与提高50米自由泳成绩之间存在相关性(r = 0.8, p = 0.0243)，但将无监督部分与游泳时间表现进行比较时，情况并非如此(r = 0.4, p = 0.679)。结论:本案例研究表明，为期12周的S&C干预对优秀青少年50米自由泳成绩有积极影响。此外，当参与者遵守两种格式的S&C程序时，游泳成绩得到改善。本研究支持S&C干预措施的发展，以发展这些相关因素并增加依从性。
{"title":"The Influence of a Supervised and Unsupervised Strength and Conditioning Program for Elite Adolescent Freestyle Swimmers","authors":"Stuart Evans, Daniel Gahreman","doi":"10.53520/rdsp2023.10594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdsp2023.10594","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Adolescent high school swimmers, aged 13-16 years, are an athletic population that can benefit from a strength and conditioning (S&C) program which caters for their developmental and sports-specific needs. The aim of this case study was to analyze the adherence to and subsequent effect of a short-term (12-week) combined supervised and unsupervised S&C program in elite adolescent swimmers during a competitive season. Methods: Seven elite adolescent swimmers (4 females, 3 males) completed the study (age: 15.2 ± 0.5 years; mass: 64.5 ± 5.1 kg; stature: 1.76 ± 0.07 m). The participants were required to adhere to one supervised S&C session and two unsupervised S&C sessions per week that were performed on non-consecutive days while maintaining their traditional swimming training schedules. The unsupervised component was delivered digitally with participant feedback monitored. The S&C program consisted of upper- and lower limbs exercises with low loads and low volume as well as bodyweight exercise. Adherence to both programs was measured by attendance with correlational analysis conducted from total S&C program adherence to swim performance. The effect of the S&C training protocol was assessed using performance time pre and post the S&C intervention during the 50-m freestyle swim. Results: The S&C training program intervention resulted in significant improvements in the 50-m freestyle swim (p < 0.001, d = >1). Total adherence to the supervised and unsupervised parts of the S&C program was 88% while adherence to the digital only component was 76%. Although a correlation was observed between total adherence to the combined supervised and unsupervised S&C program (r = 0.8, p = 0.0243) and improved 50 m freestyle swim performance, this was not the case when the unsupervised component was compared to swim time performance (r = 0.4, p = 0.679). Conclusions: This case study demonstrated that a 12-week S&C intervention has a positive effect on elite adolescents’ 50 m freestyle swim performance. Furthermore, swim performance was improved when participant adherence to both formats of the S&C program were met. This study supports the development of S&C interventions to develop these correlates and increase adherence.","PeriodicalId":332159,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Strength and Performance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jose Rojas, Veronica Mekhail, Cassandra Evans, Jose Antonio
Introduction: Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common condition characterized by muscle stiffness, pain, and inflammation following intense or unaccustomed exercise. Despite its prevalence, the underlying mechanisms of DOMS remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of collagen supplementation on tissue repair and pain associated with DOMS in exercise-trained individuals. Methods: Fourteen exercise-trained men (n=7) and women (n=7) were enrolled in a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover trial. Participants were assigned to either a whey protein group (n=8) or a collagen protein group (n=6). Each participant consumed 40g of their respective protein supplement daily for four consecutive days. Peak soreness was assessed using self-reported ratings and algometer measurements. Statistical analysis included independent samples t-tests and Levene's test for equality of variances. Results: The analysis revealed no significant difference in peak soreness between the whey protein and collagen protein groups at the 24-hour time point (t(12) = 1.33, p = 0.208). Both groups experienced a decrease in peak soreness over the 24-hour period, but the reduction was not statistically different between the groups. No significant differences were observed in other variables measured. Conclusions: These findings suggest that collagen protein supplementation did not significantly reduce peak soreness associated with DOMS compared to whey protein supplementation in exercise-trained individuals. While collagen supplementation has shown potential benefits in tissue repair and joint health, further research is needed to explore its specific effects on DOMS. Larger studies with different dosages and participant populations are warranted to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of collagen's impact on muscle soreness and tissue repair.
迟发性肌肉酸痛(DOMS)是一种常见的疾病，其特征是在剧烈或不习惯的运动后肌肉僵硬、疼痛和炎症。尽管其普遍存在，但DOMS的潜在机制仍不清楚。本研究旨在探讨补充胶原蛋白对运动训练个体迟发性肌肉酸痛相关的组织修复和疼痛的影响。方法:14名接受运动训练的男性(n=7)和女性(n=7)被纳入一项随机、平衡、交叉试验。参与者被分配到乳清蛋白组(n=8)或胶原蛋白组(n=6)。每个参与者连续四天每天食用40克各自的蛋白质补充剂。使用自我报告评分和算法测量来评估峰值酸痛。统计分析包括独立样本t检验和Levene方差相等检验。结果:分析显示，乳清蛋白组和胶原蛋白组在24小时时间点的疼痛峰值无显著差异(t(12) = 1.33, p = 0.208)。两组在24小时内都经历了高峰疼痛的减少，但两组之间的减少没有统计学差异。在测量的其他变量中未观察到显著差异。结论:这些发现表明，与补充乳清蛋白相比，在运动训练的个体中，补充胶原蛋白并没有显著减少与迟发性肌肉酸痛相关的峰值。虽然补充胶原蛋白已显示出对组织修复和关节健康的潜在益处，但需要进一步研究其对DOMS的具体影响。为了更全面地了解胶原蛋白对肌肉酸痛和组织修复的影响，有必要对不同剂量和参与者群体进行更大规模的研究。
{"title":"A Pilot Study of the Effects of Collagen vs. Whey Protein Supplementation on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness in Healthy Individuals","authors":"Jose Rojas, Veronica Mekhail, Cassandra Evans, Jose Antonio","doi":"10.53520/rdsp2023.10592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdsp2023.10592","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common condition characterized by muscle stiffness, pain, and inflammation following intense or unaccustomed exercise. Despite its prevalence, the underlying mechanisms of DOMS remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of collagen supplementation on tissue repair and pain associated with DOMS in exercise-trained individuals. Methods: Fourteen exercise-trained men (n=7) and women (n=7) were enrolled in a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover trial. Participants were assigned to either a whey protein group (n=8) or a collagen protein group (n=6). Each participant consumed 40g of their respective protein supplement daily for four consecutive days. Peak soreness was assessed using self-reported ratings and algometer measurements. Statistical analysis included independent samples t-tests and Levene's test for equality of variances. Results: The analysis revealed no significant difference in peak soreness between the whey protein and collagen protein groups at the 24-hour time point (t(12) = 1.33, p = 0.208). Both groups experienced a decrease in peak soreness over the 24-hour period, but the reduction was not statistically different between the groups. No significant differences were observed in other variables measured. Conclusions: These findings suggest that collagen protein supplementation did not significantly reduce peak soreness associated with DOMS compared to whey protein supplementation in exercise-trained individuals. While collagen supplementation has shown potential benefits in tissue repair and joint health, further research is needed to explore its specific effects on DOMS. Larger studies with different dosages and participant populations are warranted to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of collagen's impact on muscle soreness and tissue repair.","PeriodicalId":332159,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Strength and Performance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136317338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This narrative review explores the under-researched area of nutritional practices and knowledge among professional beach and indoor volleyball players. By reviewing 13 relevant articles, the review delves into the dietary intake, nutrition education, and sports supplement use of indoor and beach volleyball players. The findings underscore a need to understand volleyball players' distinct nutritional requirements. Indoor and beach volleyball players need help meeting recommended carbohydrate and protein intakes. Additionally, further research is warranted to establish the direct influence of supplements on volleyball performance.
{"title":"Nutritional Practices Among Professional Indoor and Beach Volleyball Players: A Brief Narrative Review","authors":"Flavia Pereira, Jose Antonio","doi":"10.53520/rdsp2023.10587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdsp2023.10587","url":null,"abstract":"This narrative review explores the under-researched area of nutritional practices and knowledge among professional beach and indoor volleyball players. By reviewing 13 relevant articles, the review delves into the dietary intake, nutrition education, and sports supplement use of indoor and beach volleyball players. The findings underscore a need to understand volleyball players' distinct nutritional requirements. Indoor and beach volleyball players need help meeting recommended carbohydrate and protein intakes. Additionally, further research is warranted to establish the direct influence of supplements on volleyball performance.","PeriodicalId":332159,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Strength and Performance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136208999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shane Draper, Conner Dearden, Nate Jensen, Brett Holmes, Andrew Creer
Introduction: Identifying an accurate, user friendly alternative to skinfold calipers may allow for accurate assessment of body composition in more applied settings, such as various training and competition venues. The purpose of our study was to determine the validity of B-mode ultrasound (BMUS) for body composition assessment by comparing this method to values obtained using air displacement plethysmography (ADP). Methods: Twenty-four active runners underwent two forms of body composition assessment during a single lab visit; ADP and BMUS. ADP body density was estimated using an air displacement chamber in combination with measured lung volume. BMUS body density was estimated from measuring the Jackson-Pollock 7 site skinfolds with a portable, app-based ultrasound device to determine subcutaneous fat thickness. Images were analyzed using proprietary software. Body density values for both methods were converted to body fat percentage using the Siri equation. A paired samples t-test was used to compare values obtained from ADP and BMUS. Results: There was no difference between ADP (18.3 ± 7.3%) and BMUS (17.2 ± 7.6%; p = 0.1) for percent body fat. Conclusions: BMUS provides a valid method for assessing body composition when compared to ADP, thus providing a portable, accurate method for assessing body composition in applied settings.
{"title":"Validity of B-Mode Ultrasound for Body Composition Assessment in the Field","authors":"Shane Draper, Conner Dearden, Nate Jensen, Brett Holmes, Andrew Creer","doi":"10.53520/rdsp2023.10577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdsp2023.10577","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Identifying an accurate, user friendly alternative to skinfold calipers may allow for accurate assessment of body composition in more applied settings, such as various training and competition venues. The purpose of our study was to determine the validity of B-mode ultrasound (BMUS) for body composition assessment by comparing this method to values obtained using air displacement plethysmography (ADP). Methods: Twenty-four active runners underwent two forms of body composition assessment during a single lab visit; ADP and BMUS. ADP body density was estimated using an air displacement chamber in combination with measured lung volume. BMUS body density was estimated from measuring the Jackson-Pollock 7 site skinfolds with a portable, app-based ultrasound device to determine subcutaneous fat thickness. Images were analyzed using proprietary software. Body density values for both methods were converted to body fat percentage using the Siri equation. A paired samples t-test was used to compare values obtained from ADP and BMUS. Results: There was no difference between ADP (18.3 ± 7.3%) and BMUS (17.2 ± 7.6%; p = 0.1) for percent body fat. Conclusions: BMUS provides a valid method for assessing body composition when compared to ADP, thus providing a portable, accurate method for assessing body composition in applied settings.","PeriodicalId":332159,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Strength and Performance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135960622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: This field-based case study assessed linear accelerations of the torso centre of mass (CoM) and the tibia using two wearable sensors in a triathlete performing 20 minutes of continuous deep water running. Methods: One triathlete (36 years; height; 151 cm; weight; 63 kg) participated in this field-based case study. One wearable sensor (an accelerometer) was located on the lumbar five/sacrum one (L5/S1) spinous process as a proxy for the centre of mass (CoM) and on the midpoint of the right tibia to capture linear acceleration magnitudes. The participant then performed 20 minutes of deep water running that was completed at a self-selected pace. Results: No significant differences (p<0.05) in torso CoM and tibia acceleration magnitudes were detected in 20 minutes of deep water running. Despite this, the magnitude of torso CoM and tibia acceleration, notably in the anteroposterior and vertical directions, increased at the midpoint of the deep water run, possibly indicating the onset of fatigue. Conclusions: This field-based case study suggests that a wearable sensor can reliably detect variations to the torso CoM and tibia by way of linear acceleration magnitudes in 20 minutes of continuous deep water running. Based on these results, it is possible that the increased acceleration observed at the tibia were due to the onset of fatigue. Future investigations with a larger number of participants are needed to further explore the relationship between torso and tibia acceleration and fatigue in deep water running.
{"title":"In Deep Water: A Case Study on Kinematics in Deep Water Running","authors":"Stuart A. Evans, R. Bini","doi":"10.53520/rdsp2023.10574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdsp2023.10574","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This field-based case study assessed linear accelerations of the torso centre of mass (CoM) and the tibia using two wearable sensors in a triathlete performing 20 minutes of continuous deep water running.\u0000Methods: One triathlete (36 years; height; 151 cm; weight; 63 kg) participated in this field-based case study. One wearable sensor (an accelerometer) was located on the lumbar five/sacrum one (L5/S1) spinous process as a proxy for the centre of mass (CoM) and on the midpoint of the right tibia to capture linear acceleration magnitudes. The participant then performed 20 minutes of deep water running that was completed at a self-selected pace.\u0000Results: No significant differences (p<0.05) in torso CoM and tibia acceleration magnitudes were detected in 20 minutes of deep water running. Despite this, the magnitude of torso CoM and tibia acceleration, notably in the anteroposterior and vertical directions, increased at the midpoint of the deep water run, possibly indicating the onset of fatigue.\u0000Conclusions: This field-based case study suggests that a wearable sensor can reliably detect variations to the torso CoM and tibia by way of linear acceleration magnitudes in 20 minutes of continuous deep water running. Based on these results, it is possible that the increased acceleration observed at the tibia were due to the onset of fatigue. Future investigations with a larger number of participants are needed to further explore the relationship between torso and tibia acceleration and fatigue in deep water running.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":332159,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Strength and Performance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128219000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Phillips, Micaela Dusseault, Silvio Polly da Costa Valladão, H. Nelson, Thomas F. Andre
Introduction: Three-dimensional motion object tracking (3D-MOT) is perceptual-cognitive tool which utilizes executive function to train athletes to ignore distractors and enhance processing speed and peripheral focus. The benefits of perceptual-cognitive training in professional level athletes have recently been investigated in multiple sports such as basketball, soccer, and archery, but conclusive evidence suggesting test transferability of 3D-MOT training is lacking. The purpose of this research was to examine the transferability of perceptual-cognitive training to on-field soccer performance parameters. Methods: NCAA Division I women’s soccer players (n=22) between the ages of 18-25 participated in the study. NeuroTracker, a 3D-MOT device to train athletes executive function and decision making, was utilized to test the athletes. After baseline testing for both groups to determine visual tracking speed (VTS), the experimental group completed 10 3D-MOT training sessions with NeuroTracker over four-weeks. Game performance data, successful action, passing percentage, and short-medium range passing percentage, was collected utilizing Wyscout video analysis software during the 2021 season. Results: The mean VTS for the NeuroTracker training group significantly increased by 0.68 from pre-3D-MOT training to post-3D-MOT training (p<0.001) while the control group increased by 0.12 (p = 0.034). Analysis utilized an ANCOVA and observed no statistical significance for passing accuracy, successful action and short-medium passing accuracy (p > 0.05). However, the average in game passing-accuracy for the experimental group increased over the control group. Conclusions: The effect of test transferability of 3D-MOT training on soccer specific parameters may be present, but causation of test transferability is not present within the current study. Further research is needed to investigate the cause-and-effect relationship of 3D-MOT training on soccer specific parameters while utilizing recruitment of multiple teams to increase sample sizes for similar investigations.
{"title":"Test Transferability of 3D-MOT Training on Soccer Specific Parameters","authors":"J. Phillips, Micaela Dusseault, Silvio Polly da Costa Valladão, H. Nelson, Thomas F. Andre","doi":"10.53520/rdsp2023.10566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdsp2023.10566","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Three-dimensional motion object tracking (3D-MOT) is perceptual-cognitive tool which utilizes executive function to train athletes to ignore distractors and enhance processing speed and peripheral focus. The benefits of perceptual-cognitive training in professional level athletes have recently been investigated in multiple sports such as basketball, soccer, and archery, but conclusive evidence suggesting test transferability of 3D-MOT training is lacking. The purpose of this research was to examine the transferability of perceptual-cognitive training to on-field soccer performance parameters.\u0000Methods: NCAA Division I women’s soccer players (n=22) between the ages of 18-25 participated in the study. NeuroTracker, a 3D-MOT device to train athletes executive function and decision making, was utilized to test the athletes. After baseline testing for both groups to determine visual tracking speed (VTS), the experimental group completed 10 3D-MOT training sessions with NeuroTracker over four-weeks. Game performance data, successful action, passing percentage, and short-medium range passing percentage, was collected utilizing Wyscout video analysis software during the 2021 season.\u0000Results: The mean VTS for the NeuroTracker training group significantly increased by 0.68 from pre-3D-MOT training to post-3D-MOT training (p<0.001) while the control group increased by 0.12 (p = 0.034). Analysis utilized an ANCOVA and observed no statistical significance for passing accuracy, successful action and short-medium passing accuracy (p > 0.05). However, the average in game passing-accuracy for the experimental group increased over the control group.\u0000Conclusions: The effect of test transferability of 3D-MOT training on soccer specific parameters may be present, but causation of test transferability is not present within the current study. Further research is needed to investigate the cause-and-effect relationship of 3D-MOT training on soccer specific parameters while utilizing recruitment of multiple teams to increase sample sizes for similar investigations.","PeriodicalId":332159,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Strength and Performance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114193998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Buxton, CJ Otwell, Jack Petit, Holton Gwaltney, Nikolas Grabiec, Samuel Luithle, Hayden D. Gerhart, P. Prins
Introduction: Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are among the most reported injuries in college athletics, typically resulting from excessive closed-kinetic chain (CKC) supination. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a novel CKC supination-style ankle strengthening program to a traditional ankle strengthening program on common LAS indices. Methods: Thirty NCAA Division III collegiate football players (19.9±1.0yrs., 182.2±6.9cm, 98.8±18.0kg) were randomly assigned to a novel exercise (SUP, n = 16) or traditional exercise group (TRA, n = 14). The SUP group performed dynamic bodyweight exercises with controlled ankle supination while the TRA group performed traditional ankle strengthening exercise using elastic bands and stability exercises 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Right and left ankle inversion (InvR, InvL) and eversion (EvR, EvL) strength (kg), ankle inversion range of motion (romR, romL) (deg.), and figure-8 hop test (fig8R, fig8L) (s) performance were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in all outcome measures pre- to post-test (ΔInvR: TRA 4.5±4.3kg, SUP 5.0±4.4kg; ΔIvL: TRA 4.0±3.8kg, SUP 4.8±3.6kg; ΔEvR: TRA 5.7±4.3kg, SUP 4.7±3.3kg; ΔEvL: TRA 4.7±2.9kg, SUP 4.5±2.2kg; ΔromR: TRA 4.5±2.6°, SUP 4.9±3.0°; ΔromL: TRA 4.7±4.5°, SUP 4.6±5.1°; Δfig8R: TRA -0.43±0.20s, SUP -0.37±0.31s; Δfig8L: TRA -0.40±0.22s, SUP -0.34±0.30s; p’s<0.001), with no difference between groups. Conclusions: A bodyweight, supination style ankle training program can improve physical qualities related to LAS to a similar extent as a traditional program, and therefore, could potentially be a viable alternative strategy for reducing LAS in Division III NCAA football players.
简介:外侧踝关节扭伤(LAS)是大学体育运动中报道最多的损伤之一，通常是由于过度的闭合动力学链(CKC)旋后引起的。本研究的目的是比较新型CKC旋后式踝关节强化方案与传统踝关节强化方案对常见LAS指数的影响。方法:30名NCAA三级联赛大学生橄榄球运动员(19.9±1.0岁)。身高(182.2±6.9cm, 98.8±18.0kg)，随机分为新运动组(SUP, n = 16)和传统运动组(TRA, n = 14)。SUP组进行动态体重训练，控制踝关节旋后，TRA组进行传统的踝关节强化训练，使用松紧带和稳定性训练，每周3次，持续6周。评估干预前后左右踝关节内翻(InvR, InvL)和外翻(EvR, EvL)力量(kg)、踝关节内翻运动范围(romR, romL)(度)和8字形跳跃试验(fig8R, fig8L)的表现。结果:两组在测试前后的所有结局指标均有显著改善(ΔInvR: TRA 4.5±4.3kg, SUP 5.0±4.4kg;ΔIvL: TRA 4.0±3.8kg, SUP 4.8±3.6kg;ΔEvR: TRA 5.7±4.3kg, SUP 4.7±3.3kg;ΔEvL: TRA 4.7±2.9kg, SUP 4.5±2.2kg;ΔromR: TRA 4.5±2.6°，SUP 4.9±3.0°;ΔromL: TRA 4.7±4.5°，SUP 4.6±5.1°;Δfig8R: TRA -0.43±0.20s, SUP -0.37±0.31s;Δfig8L: TRA -0.40±0.22s, SUP -0.34±0.30s;P <0.001)，组间无差异。结论:体重、旋后式踝关节训练计划可以改善与LAS相关的身体素质，其程度与传统计划相似，因此，可能是减少NCAA三级橄榄球运动员LAS的可行替代策略。
{"title":"The Effects of a Novel Lateral Ankle Strengthening Program in NCAA Division III Football Players","authors":"J. Buxton, CJ Otwell, Jack Petit, Holton Gwaltney, Nikolas Grabiec, Samuel Luithle, Hayden D. Gerhart, P. Prins","doi":"10.53520/rdsp2023.10564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdsp2023.10564","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Lateral ankle sprains (LAS) are among the most reported injuries in college athletics, typically resulting from excessive closed-kinetic chain (CKC) supination. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a novel CKC supination-style ankle strengthening program to a traditional ankle strengthening program on common LAS indices. \u0000Methods: Thirty NCAA Division III collegiate football players (19.9±1.0yrs., 182.2±6.9cm, 98.8±18.0kg) were randomly assigned to a novel exercise (SUP, n = 16) or traditional exercise group (TRA, n = 14). The SUP group performed dynamic bodyweight exercises with controlled ankle supination while the TRA group performed traditional ankle strengthening exercise using elastic bands and stability exercises 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Right and left ankle inversion (InvR, InvL) and eversion (EvR, EvL) strength (kg), ankle inversion range of motion (romR, romL) (deg.), and figure-8 hop test (fig8R, fig8L) (s) performance were assessed pre- and post-intervention.\u0000Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in all outcome measures pre- to post-test (ΔInvR: TRA 4.5±4.3kg, SUP 5.0±4.4kg; ΔIvL: TRA 4.0±3.8kg, SUP 4.8±3.6kg; ΔEvR: TRA 5.7±4.3kg, SUP 4.7±3.3kg; ΔEvL: TRA 4.7±2.9kg, SUP 4.5±2.2kg; ΔromR: TRA 4.5±2.6°, SUP 4.9±3.0°; ΔromL: TRA 4.7±4.5°, SUP 4.6±5.1°; Δfig8R: TRA -0.43±0.20s, SUP -0.37±0.31s; Δfig8L: TRA -0.40±0.22s, SUP -0.34±0.30s; p’s<0.001), with no difference between groups.\u0000Conclusions: A bodyweight, supination style ankle training program can improve physical qualities related to LAS to a similar extent as a traditional program, and therefore, could potentially be a viable alternative strategy for reducing LAS in Division III NCAA football players.","PeriodicalId":332159,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Strength and Performance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126068789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: This field-based case study assessed linear accelerations of the scapula and elbow in an elite axe thrower in three different axe throwing techniques using two wearable sensors. Methods: One elite axe thrower (35 years; height 181 cm; weight 92 kg) participated in this case study. One wearable sensor (an accelerometer) was located on the dorsal surface of the upper thorax between the medial borders of the scapula. An additional sensor was located on the medial epicondyle of the right elbow to capture linear acceleration magnitudes. The participant performed three different throwing techniques, namely a one hand underarm throw, a two-handed overhead throw, and a one hand overarm throw for a total of four repetitions. Results: Significant differences in scapula acceleration magnitudes were detected in the three throwing techniques analyzed along with significant differences in all acceleration channels (p < 0.001). In contrast, no significant differences in triaxial acceleration magnitude were observed in the elbow in all throwing techniques (p > 0.50). Conclusions: Magnitudes of scapular acceleration varied significantly depending on the type of throw. In contrast, acceleration magnitudes at the elbow displayed high variability despite a non-significant outcome. A wearable sensor could be a valuable tool to enhance throwing performance.
{"title":"A Case Study in Upper Body Kinematics of an Elite Axe Thrower Using Sensor Technology","authors":"Stuart A. Evans, R. Bini","doi":"10.53520/rdsp2023.10558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdsp2023.10558","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This field-based case study assessed linear accelerations of the scapula and elbow in an elite axe thrower in three different axe throwing techniques using two wearable sensors.\u0000Methods: One elite axe thrower (35 years; height 181 cm; weight 92 kg) participated in this case study. One wearable sensor (an accelerometer) was located on the dorsal surface of the upper thorax between the medial borders of the scapula. An additional sensor was located on the medial epicondyle of the right elbow to capture linear acceleration magnitudes. The participant performed three different throwing techniques, namely a one hand underarm throw, a two-handed overhead throw, and a one hand overarm throw for a total of four repetitions.\u0000Results: Significant differences in scapula acceleration magnitudes were detected in the three throwing techniques analyzed along with significant differences in all acceleration channels (p < 0.001). In contrast, no significant differences in triaxial acceleration magnitude were observed in the elbow in all throwing techniques (p > 0.50).\u0000Conclusions: Magnitudes of scapular acceleration varied significantly depending on the type of throw. In contrast, acceleration magnitudes at the elbow displayed high variability despite a non-significant outcome. A wearable sensor could be a valuable tool to enhance throwing performance.","PeriodicalId":332159,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Strength and Performance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126198108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Instability Functional Training (IFT) has been a popular form of program design in personal training certifications, and thus, widely accepted among trainers and coaches when creating programs for their clients. Training philosophies around this exercise style have been plotted in various directions, ranging from mainstream advocacy to vehement opposition. It is common practice for personal trainers to utilize unstable training and blanket all clients into this methodology in specific and non-specific exercise programs. The research does support its viability in clinical rehabilitation settings; however, it may not benefit a healthier population and may even undermine their goals. We ask trainers and coaches to consider their current position on the validity of IFT and to examine the evidence when programming it for the general public whose primary goal is to improve how they look (e.g., lose fat mass and increase lean body mass). Therefore, this article aims to help identify the merit of instability functional training, objectively review the current literature and recommend a practical approach for trainers and coaches when designing general exercise programs for clients with aesthetic goals.
{"title":"Instability Functional Training: Evidence-Based Recommendations for Coaches","authors":"Jay Horn","doi":"10.53520/rdsp2023.10561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdsp2023.10561","url":null,"abstract":"Instability Functional Training (IFT) has been a popular form of program design in personal training certifications, and thus, widely accepted among trainers and coaches when creating programs for their clients. Training philosophies around this exercise style have been plotted in various directions, ranging from mainstream advocacy to vehement opposition. It is common practice for personal trainers to utilize unstable training and blanket all clients into this methodology in specific and non-specific exercise programs. The research does support its viability in clinical rehabilitation settings; however, it may not benefit a healthier population and may even undermine their goals. We ask trainers and coaches to consider their current position on the validity of IFT and to examine the evidence when programming it for the general public whose primary goal is to improve how they look (e.g., lose fat mass and increase lean body mass). Therefore, this article aims to help identify the merit of instability functional training, objectively review the current literature and recommend a practical approach for trainers and coaches when designing general exercise programs for clients with aesthetic goals.","PeriodicalId":332159,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Strength and Performance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115107557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silvio Polly da Costa Valladão, J. Phillips, Adriana Logan, Thomas F. Andre
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the repeated measures correlations between the sums of training load (TL) variables preceding matchday and matchday countermovement jump (CMJ) height in NCAA Division I (DI) women’s soccer athletes. Methods: A total of 23 female soccer players (20 ± 1.2 years; 1.69 ± 0.06 m) participated in this study. Repeated measures correlations were used to determine the relationships between matchday CMJ height and TL variables. Results: Matchday CMJ height showed very weak to weak negative relationships with the sums of the TL variables for the microcycle preceding the match: sRPE-TL (r = -0.184, p = 0.036), TD (r = -0.229, p = 0.008), TLS (r = -0.192, p = 0.028), HSD (r = -0.229, p = 0.008), ML (r = -0.204, p = 0.020), and number of sprints (r = -0.237, p = 0.006). Conclusions: Although significant negative weak relationships were observed, the results suggest that the sums of TL variables preceding matchday may not be the most reliable indicators of matchday preparedness in collegiate DI women’s soccer. Future research should aim to investigate other strategies to predict matchday readiness in collegiate women’s soccer.
摘要:本研究的目的是评估NCAA I级(DI)女足运动员比赛日前训练负荷(TL)变量之和与比赛日反动作跳(CMJ)高度之间的重复测量相关性。方法:23名女足球运动员(20±1.2岁);1.69±0.06 m)参加本研究。采用重复测量相关性来确定比赛日CMJ高度与TL变量之间的关系。结果:比赛日CMJ高度与sRPE-TL (r = -0.184, p = 0.036)、TD (r = -0.229, p = 0.008)、TLS (r = -0.192, p = 0.028)、HSD (r = -0.229, p = 0.008)、ML (r = -0.204, p = 0.020)、冲刺次数(r = -0.237, p = 0.006)变量和呈极弱至弱负相关。结论:虽然观察到显著的负弱关系，但结果表明，比赛日前TL变量的总和可能不是大学女子足球比赛日准备的最可靠指标。未来的研究应着眼于探索其他预测大学女子足球比赛日准备的策略。
{"title":"Relationships Between Pre-Match Training Load Variables and Matchday Countermovement Jump Height in NCAA DI Women’s Soccer","authors":"Silvio Polly da Costa Valladão, J. Phillips, Adriana Logan, Thomas F. Andre","doi":"10.53520/rdsp2023.10555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53520/rdsp2023.10555","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the repeated measures correlations between the sums of training load (TL) variables preceding matchday and matchday countermovement jump (CMJ) height in NCAA Division I (DI) women’s soccer athletes.\u0000Methods: A total of 23 female soccer players (20 ± 1.2 years; 1.69 ± 0.06 m) participated in this study. Repeated measures correlations were used to determine the relationships between matchday CMJ height and TL variables.\u0000Results: Matchday CMJ height showed very weak to weak negative relationships with the sums of the TL variables for the microcycle preceding the match: sRPE-TL (r = -0.184, p = 0.036), TD (r = -0.229, p = 0.008), TLS (r = -0.192, p = 0.028), HSD (r = -0.229, p = 0.008), ML (r = -0.204, p = 0.020), and number of sprints (r = -0.237, p = 0.006).\u0000Conclusions: Although significant negative weak relationships were observed, the results suggest that the sums of TL variables preceding matchday may not be the most reliable indicators of matchday preparedness in collegiate DI women’s soccer. Future research should aim to investigate other strategies to predict matchday readiness in collegiate women’s soccer.","PeriodicalId":332159,"journal":{"name":"Research Directs in Strength and Performance","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132480493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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