Elham Shakouri, M. Azarbayjani, S. B. Jameie, M. Peeri, M. Farhadi
Background: Diazinon is an organophosphate pesticide that is broadly applied to control insectswhich causes oxidative damages in hippocampus tissue. We aimed to examine whether resistancetraining and berberine supplementation can protect the hippocampus against berberine-inducedneural toxicity.Methods: Fifty-six male Wistar rats were assigned randomly into eight groups of seven including:Control (Ctrl), Sham (normal saline), T1 (diazinon + berberine chloride (2 mg/kg) + resistancetraining), T2 (diazinon + berberine chloride [15 mg/kg] + resistance training), T3 (diazinon), T4(diazinon +resistance training), T5 (diazinon + berberine chloride [2 mg/kg]), and T6 (diazinon+ berberine chloride [15 mg/kg]). In the experimental groups, diazinon was intraperitoneallyadministered at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg. In the training groups, rats were trained every three days for sixweeks and 8-12 dynamic movements (repetitions) during each climb (six climbs for two sets). Theexpression of hippocampus PI3K and CDK genes and TrkB and ERK protein levels were evaluated inthe brain of diazinon-treated rats.Results: The protein expression of ERK and TrkB were increased following the treatment of diazinonintoxicated rats with berberine and resistance training (P=0.001). The administration of berberineat a dose of 15 mg/kg in combination with resistance training significantly (P=0.001) decreasedthe cell death rate in the hippocampus. Diazinon treatment caused extensive apoptosis in thehippocampus region of the rats’ brain (P=0.001). The gene expression of PI3K and CDK wassignificantly increased and the cell death rate significantly decreased (P=0.001) in the hippocampusfollowing the treatment of rats with berberine and resistance training.Conclusion: Six weeks of resistance training in combination with berberine treatment significantlyreduced apoptosis in the hippocampus region of diazinon-intoxicated rats. It seems theneuroprotection effects of berberine and resistance training are mediated by the stimulation of theexpression of enzymes responsible for the antioxidant defense within neuronal cells
{"title":"Berberine Supplement and Resistance Training May Ameliorate Diazinon Induced Neural Toxicity in Rat Hippocampus Via the Activation of the TrkB and ERK Signaling Pathway","authors":"Elham Shakouri, M. Azarbayjani, S. B. Jameie, M. Peeri, M. Farhadi","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2021.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2021.04","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diazinon is an organophosphate pesticide that is broadly applied to control insectswhich causes oxidative damages in hippocampus tissue. We aimed to examine whether resistancetraining and berberine supplementation can protect the hippocampus against berberine-inducedneural toxicity.Methods: Fifty-six male Wistar rats were assigned randomly into eight groups of seven including:Control (Ctrl), Sham (normal saline), T1 (diazinon + berberine chloride (2 mg/kg) + resistancetraining), T2 (diazinon + berberine chloride [15 mg/kg] + resistance training), T3 (diazinon), T4(diazinon +resistance training), T5 (diazinon + berberine chloride [2 mg/kg]), and T6 (diazinon+ berberine chloride [15 mg/kg]). In the experimental groups, diazinon was intraperitoneallyadministered at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg. In the training groups, rats were trained every three days for sixweeks and 8-12 dynamic movements (repetitions) during each climb (six climbs for two sets). Theexpression of hippocampus PI3K and CDK genes and TrkB and ERK protein levels were evaluated inthe brain of diazinon-treated rats.Results: The protein expression of ERK and TrkB were increased following the treatment of diazinonintoxicated rats with berberine and resistance training (P=0.001). The administration of berberineat a dose of 15 mg/kg in combination with resistance training significantly (P=0.001) decreasedthe cell death rate in the hippocampus. Diazinon treatment caused extensive apoptosis in thehippocampus region of the rats’ brain (P=0.001). The gene expression of PI3K and CDK wassignificantly increased and the cell death rate significantly decreased (P=0.001) in the hippocampusfollowing the treatment of rats with berberine and resistance training.Conclusion: Six weeks of resistance training in combination with berberine treatment significantlyreduced apoptosis in the hippocampus region of diazinon-intoxicated rats. It seems theneuroprotection effects of berberine and resistance training are mediated by the stimulation of theexpression of enzymes responsible for the antioxidant defense within neuronal cells","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42626855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Background: Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive astrocytoma in adults. Glioblastoma is a heterogenous tumor formed from various cells including astrocyte and cancer stem cells. Here, we explain the isolation, culture, morphology and specific markers of human glioblastoma astrocyte and stem cells. Methods: We isolated astrocyte and cancer stem cells from human glioblastoma tissue. The obtained glioblastoma tissues were digested and cultured in DMEM12, B27 supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor . The morphology and specific markers were assessed in astrocyte and cancer stem cell of human glioblastoma through immunochemistry. Results: Results indicated that there were two morphology types in cell culture including epithelioid morphology and fibroblastic morphology. The astrocyte confirmed via expression of the GFAP protein. Cancer stem cells were round and floating in the culture medium. Immunocytochemical staining indicated that nestin and SOX2 antigens were positively expressed in primary neurospheres. Conclusion: The expression of glial and stem cell markers show that both cells are in the human glioblastoma.
{"title":"Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells and Astrocytes from Human Glioblastoma: Morphological Characterization of Two Cells Types","authors":"M. Hashemi","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2021.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2021.05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000 Background: Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive astrocytoma in adults. Glioblastoma is a heterogenous tumor formed from various cells including astrocyte and cancer stem cells. Here, we explain the isolation, culture, morphology and specific markers of human glioblastoma astrocyte and stem cells. \u0000Methods: We isolated astrocyte and cancer stem cells from human glioblastoma tissue. The obtained glioblastoma tissues were digested and cultured in DMEM12, B27 supplemented with basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor . The morphology and specific markers were assessed in astrocyte and cancer stem cell of human glioblastoma through immunochemistry. \u0000Results: Results indicated that there were two morphology types in cell culture including epithelioid morphology and fibroblastic morphology. The astrocyte confirmed via expression of the GFAP protein. Cancer stem cells were round and floating in the culture medium. Immunocytochemical staining indicated that nestin and SOX2 antigens were positively expressed in primary neurospheres. \u0000Conclusion: The expression of glial and stem cell markers show that both cells are in the human glioblastoma.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44183765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Nilipour, P. Karimzadeh, S. Nafissi, M. Taghdiri, Hedyeh Saneifard, M. Shakiba, Y. Rahbarfar
Background: Lipid storage myopathies (LSMs) are rare diseases. The phenotype and genotype of lipid metabolism disorders are heterogeneous and divided into two major groups. Constant or progressive proximal and axial muscle weakness associated with or without metabolic crisis, is often seen in patients with LSM such as primary carnitin deficiency (PCD) or multiple acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency disorder (MADD). On the other hand, rhabdomyolysis triggered by fasting, fever, or physical activity usually occurs in patients with disorders affecting intramitochondrial fatty acid transport and β-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency (CPT2), mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency and very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCAD). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we summarized the clinical profiles and muscle histology of 64 Iranian patients diagnosed with LSM by muscle biopsy. These patients were selected from 3000 patients referred for muscle biopsy to Toos and Mofid children’s hospitals during 2010 to 2016. Their affected siblings were also added to the study. Result: In our study 45.3% of the patients were men and 54.7% were women. Mean age of the patients was 27.05 years (SD: 14.26) and the mean age of onset of symptoms in these patients was 20.94 (SD: 14.25) years. Most patients (70.3%) had proximal weakness and no bulbar involvement. Only 9.3% of the patients had a positive family history. Conclusion: LSMs are not incommon in Iran and their phenotype can mimic inflammatory myopathy or limb girdle muscular dystrophy. Overall the demographic and clinical features of LSMs in Iranian patients were similar to prior reports.
{"title":"Clinical and Pathological Features of Lipid Storage Myopathy; A Retrospective Study of a Large Group from Iran","authors":"Y. Nilipour, P. Karimzadeh, S. Nafissi, M. Taghdiri, Hedyeh Saneifard, M. Shakiba, Y. Rahbarfar","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2021.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2021.06","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lipid storage myopathies (LSMs) are rare diseases. The phenotype and genotype of lipid metabolism disorders are heterogeneous and divided into two major groups. Constant or progressive proximal and axial muscle weakness associated with or without metabolic crisis, is often seen in patients with LSM such as primary carnitin deficiency (PCD) or multiple acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency disorder (MADD). On the other hand, rhabdomyolysis triggered by fasting, fever, or physical activity usually occurs in patients with disorders affecting intramitochondrial fatty acid transport and β-oxidation, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency (CPT2), mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency and very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCAD). \u0000Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we summarized the clinical profiles and muscle histology of 64 Iranian patients diagnosed with LSM by muscle biopsy. These patients were selected from 3000 patients referred for muscle biopsy to Toos and Mofid children’s hospitals during 2010 to 2016. Their affected siblings were also added to the study. \u0000Result: In our study 45.3% of the patients were men and 54.7% were women. Mean age of the patients was 27.05 years (SD: 14.26) and the mean age of onset of symptoms in these patients was 20.94 (SD: 14.25) years. Most patients (70.3%) had proximal weakness and no bulbar involvement. Only 9.3% of the patients had a positive family history. \u0000Conclusion: LSMs are not incommon in Iran and their phenotype can mimic inflammatory myopathy or limb girdle muscular dystrophy. Overall the demographic and clinical features of LSMs in Iranian patients were similar to prior reports.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44256833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sahar Delasaei Marvi, Arash Sherafati, M. M. Tahery, S. Zein
Background: Using minimally invasive neurosurgical robots is one of the most desirable ablation methods and resection of brain tumors. In this study, forward kinematics and Jacobian matrix calculated for two single-port robots for comparing the effectiveness of two types of single port minimal invasive surgical robots to ablation and resection of brain tumorMethods: The motion analysis of robots type 1 and 2 has compared to each other. Ablation manipulator in robot type 1 has five degrees of freedom, but in robot type 2, three revolute degrees of freedom of this manipulator has replaced with a revolute joint perpendicular to the previous three revolute joints.Results: Results showed that for resection surgery, in the same conditions, robot type 2 damaged 58.9 mm3 more of cerebral cortex tissue than robot type 1 to resect the brain tumors. To establish a static balance, robot type 2 needs to tolerate at least 41% more internal loading than robot type 1. The maximum velocity for robot type 1 in the contact location between the end-effector and the tumor is 1.7 times more than robot type 2. The maximum end-effector force of robot type 1 to apply the tumor for ablation surgery is more than 1.8 times in robot type 2, but the maximum moment and power for ablation surgery and resection of these two robots were the same less than 1% difference.Conclusion: Despite the more straightforward mechanism, a minimum number of joints, and better kinematics range of robot type 2, robot types 1 has the possibility for transformation, establishes the static balancing, and does a better ablation surgery with less damage to the brain.
{"title":"Comparison of the Effectiveness of Two Types of Single Port Minimal Invasive Neurosurgical Robots to Ablation and Resection of Brain Tumor","authors":"Sahar Delasaei Marvi, Arash Sherafati, M. M. Tahery, S. Zein","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2020.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2020.26","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Using minimally invasive neurosurgical robots is one of the most desirable ablation methods and resection of brain tumors. In this study, forward kinematics and Jacobian matrix calculated for two single-port robots for comparing the effectiveness of two types of single port minimal invasive surgical robots to ablation and resection of brain tumorMethods: The motion analysis of robots type 1 and 2 has compared to each other. Ablation manipulator in robot type 1 has five degrees of freedom, but in robot type 2, three revolute degrees of freedom of this manipulator has replaced with a revolute joint perpendicular to the previous three revolute joints.Results: Results showed that for resection surgery, in the same conditions, robot type 2 damaged 58.9 mm3 more of cerebral cortex tissue than robot type 1 to resect the brain tumors. To establish a static balance, robot type 2 needs to tolerate at least 41% more internal loading than robot type 1. The maximum velocity for robot type 1 in the contact location between the end-effector and the tumor is 1.7 times more than robot type 2. The maximum end-effector force of robot type 1 to apply the tumor for ablation surgery is more than 1.8 times in robot type 2, but the maximum moment and power for ablation surgery and resection of these two robots were the same less than 1% difference.Conclusion: Despite the more straightforward mechanism, a minimum number of joints, and better kinematics range of robot type 2, robot types 1 has the possibility for transformation, establishes the static balancing, and does a better ablation surgery with less damage to the brain.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43161187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gholamreza Mohseni, F. Behnaz, Houman Teymourian, S. O. Yazdani
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease resulting from a chlorine channel defect with autosomal recessive show, a physical and functional disorder in the transport of chlorine (Cl) through the plasma membrane in epithelial cells in organs such as the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sweat glands, and epididymis. These cases are important for their perioperative respiratory complications. We present an anesthesia method conducted on a 24-year-old men CF case receiving general anesthesia for Arnold Chiari malformation surgery.
{"title":"Anesthetic Management \"Arnold Chiari Malformation\" in the well-known Case of Cystic Fibrosis","authors":"Gholamreza Mohseni, F. Behnaz, Houman Teymourian, S. O. Yazdani","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2020.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2020.28","url":null,"abstract":"Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease resulting from a chlorine channel defect with autosomal recessive show, a physical and functional disorder in the transport of chlorine (Cl) through the plasma membrane in epithelial cells in organs such as the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sweat glands, and epididymis. These cases are important for their perioperative respiratory complications. We present an anesthesia method conducted on a 24-year-old men CF case receiving general anesthesia for Arnold Chiari malformation surgery.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47076574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a proven strategy for treating the central nervous system arteriovenous malformation (AVM). We intend to present a case of cerebral AVM in an adult patient, successfully treated with a linear accelerator (LINAC) based SRS using simplified setup techniques and an advanced planning system. In the current scenario, frame-based SRS is the standard of care with LINAC. Recently, it has proven that even frameless SRS has similar results. In our case, we used a frameless SRS technique with similar results. While calculating the dose in radiotherapy planning, we used the Acuros™ algorithm, which has proven dosimetric advantages compared to the traditional AAA™ algorithm.
{"title":"Novel Approach of Linear Accelerator-Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery in an Adult Patient With Brain Arteriovenous Malformation: A Case Report and Clinical Outcome","authors":"Santosh Devarakonda, V. Kontham","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2020.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2020.29","url":null,"abstract":"Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a proven strategy for treating the central nervous system arteriovenous malformation (AVM). We intend to present a case of cerebral AVM in an adult patient, successfully treated with a linear accelerator (LINAC) based SRS using simplified setup techniques and an advanced planning system. In the current scenario, frame-based SRS is the standard of care with LINAC. Recently, it has proven that even frameless SRS has similar results. In our case, we used a frameless SRS technique with similar results. While calculating the dose in radiotherapy planning, we used the Acuros™ algorithm, which has proven dosimetric advantages compared to the traditional AAA™ algorithm.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44128739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AbstractOne of the most severe mental disorder which leads to a disturbance in the percipience of reality is named schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a combination of hallucinations, delusions, and mental disorders, that the severity of them impairs normal thinking and behavior, and in general the inability to perform daily activities. Behavioral, intellectual, and emotional disorders indicate the widespread impact of Schizophrenia on various aspects of mental health. The signs and symptoms of schizophrenia are very varied, although delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech are included in common symptoms. Dopamine has been the main subject of much research on schizophrenia for decades. Molecular neuroimaging studies to explore the Dopamine System (DA system) in vivo have revealed that schizophrenia is first associated with a defect in the striatum and then with a defect in extrastriatal regions with centralizing on Cortex and midbrain. Also, the Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) mRNA dysregulation and Neuroinflammatory mechanisms can be effective in schizophrenia. Various medications such as antipsychotic drugs are used to the aim of treating this disease but they can just decline or improve the positive symptoms. Modeling of neurodevelopment and synaptic connection defects by induced human pluripotent stem cells have made appropriate circumstances to the elimination of schizophrenia treatment barriers. With the development of cell therapies and the usage of induced pluripotent stem cells, there is a hope that the negative symptoms can be improved by this approach.
{"title":"Schizophrenia; Recent Cognitive and Treatment Approaches Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells","authors":"N. Rastgar","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2020.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2020.21","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractOne of the most severe mental disorder which leads to a disturbance in the percipience of reality is named schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a combination of hallucinations, delusions, and mental disorders, that the severity of them impairs normal thinking and behavior, and in general the inability to perform daily activities. Behavioral, intellectual, and emotional disorders indicate the widespread impact of Schizophrenia on various aspects of mental health. The signs and symptoms of schizophrenia are very varied, although delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech are included in common symptoms. Dopamine has been the main subject of much research on schizophrenia for decades. Molecular neuroimaging studies to explore the Dopamine System (DA system) in vivo have revealed that schizophrenia is first associated with a defect in the striatum and then with a defect in extrastriatal regions with centralizing on Cortex and midbrain. Also, the Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) mRNA dysregulation and Neuroinflammatory mechanisms can be effective in schizophrenia. Various medications such as antipsychotic drugs are used to the aim of treating this disease but they can just decline or improve the positive symptoms. Modeling of neurodevelopment and synaptic connection defects by induced human pluripotent stem cells have made appropriate circumstances to the elimination of schizophrenia treatment barriers. With the development of cell therapies and the usage of induced pluripotent stem cells, there is a hope that the negative symptoms can be improved by this approach.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"171-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47368045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Working memory (WM) is commonly known as a mediator between short-term and long-term memory. However, WM as well is a data processor and manipulator in charge of a considerable portion of our cognitive abilities. Due to the recently grasped significance of further investigations of WM, this study was conducted aiming to identify the entire WM components present in the current literature utilizing qualitative thematic analysis.Methods: Stirling’s novel method of qualitative inductive thematic analysis was applied to extract the entire components of WM from the current literature up to 2018.Results: Our results yielded 57 basic concepts (themes) related to WM out of 1099 concepts, which was integrated into 18 organizing concepts that altogether comprise the global notion of WM. Statistical validation was conducted through expert confirmation and content validity index (CVI) calculation (0.88). Moreover, the Holsti coefficient was 0.60 that indicates relatively appropriate reliability.Conclusion: Considering the growing interest in studying WM components, conducting an integrative research aiming to thoroughly clarify these components was required. Herein, through applying the novel technique of thematic analysis, we have developed a comprehensive theme network designed to facilitate future studies on WM.
{"title":"A Comprehensive Investigation to Identify Working Memory Components Utilizing Thematic Analysis Technique: A Qualitative Research","authors":"Nafiseh Tabatabaei, M. Nadi, I. Sajjadian","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2020.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2020.27","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Working memory (WM) is commonly known as a mediator between short-term and long-term memory. However, WM as well is a data processor and manipulator in charge of a considerable portion of our cognitive abilities. Due to the recently grasped significance of further investigations of WM, this study was conducted aiming to identify the entire WM components present in the current literature utilizing qualitative thematic analysis.Methods: Stirling’s novel method of qualitative inductive thematic analysis was applied to extract the entire components of WM from the current literature up to 2018.Results: Our results yielded 57 basic concepts (themes) related to WM out of 1099 concepts, which was integrated into 18 organizing concepts that altogether comprise the global notion of WM. Statistical validation was conducted through expert confirmation and content validity index (CVI) calculation (0.88). Moreover, the Holsti coefficient was 0.60 that indicates relatively appropriate reliability.Conclusion: Considering the growing interest in studying WM components, conducting an integrative research aiming to thoroughly clarify these components was required. Herein, through applying the novel technique of thematic analysis, we have developed a comprehensive theme network designed to facilitate future studies on WM.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44460442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Chemotherapy drugs are not effective in the treatment of primary brain tumors due to the low efficacy of these drugs and drug transfer from the blood-brain barrier (BBB) toward the tumor site. Our purpose in this study was to assess the co-delivery of anticancer drugs to increase drug permeability from BBB.Methods: In this study, two chemotherapy drugs, namely methotrexate (MTX) and paclitaxel (PTX), were inserted into polyvinyl alcohol and poloxamer188-conjugated nanoparticles (NPs). Astrocytes were treated with different concentrations of 0-50 μg/ml from MTX, PTX, the MTX-PTX mixture, PTX-loaded NPs, MTX-loaded NPs, and PTX-MTX co-loaded NPs for 48 hours. The tumoricidal effect was assessed using the survival rate, Hoechst staining, and western blotting.Results: The results indicated significant reduction of the survival rate in astrocytes treated with PTX-MTX co-loaded NPs. In addition, apoptosis hallmarks consisting of fragmented DNA, overexpression of Bax, and expression reduction of Bcl-2 were in the cultured astrocytes.Conclusions: Our study proposes that the PTX-MTX co-delivery to NPs could be used as a possible approach for anti-cancer drug delivery to glioblastoma multiforme.
{"title":"The Synergistic Effect of Co-delivery of Anticancer Drugs Into Astrocytes Isolated From Human Glioblastoma Multiforme","authors":"M. Hashemi, A. Zali","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2020.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2020.23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chemotherapy drugs are not effective in the treatment of primary brain tumors due to the low efficacy of these drugs and drug transfer from the blood-brain barrier (BBB) toward the tumor site. Our purpose in this study was to assess the co-delivery of anticancer drugs to increase drug permeability from BBB.Methods: In this study, two chemotherapy drugs, namely methotrexate (MTX) and paclitaxel (PTX), were inserted into polyvinyl alcohol and poloxamer188-conjugated nanoparticles (NPs). Astrocytes were treated with different concentrations of 0-50 μg/ml from MTX, PTX, the MTX-PTX mixture, PTX-loaded NPs, MTX-loaded NPs, and PTX-MTX co-loaded NPs for 48 hours. The tumoricidal effect was assessed using the survival rate, Hoechst staining, and western blotting.Results: The results indicated significant reduction of the survival rate in astrocytes treated with PTX-MTX co-loaded NPs. In addition, apoptosis hallmarks consisting of fragmented DNA, overexpression of Bax, and expression reduction of Bcl-2 were in the cultured astrocytes.Conclusions: Our study proposes that the PTX-MTX co-delivery to NPs could be used as a possible approach for anti-cancer drug delivery to glioblastoma multiforme.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42219222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Farhadi, M. Jameie, Bahareh Derakhshanmehr, Moghadam Tahmasebi, M. Soleimani, S. B. Jameie
Background: Background: Botulinum toxin A (BtxA) is a powerful neurotoxin reported to be effective as a cancer adjuvant therapy with fewer side effects. Previously we showed the apoptotic effects of BtxA on the GBM cell line (U87-MG). In order to confirm the positive neurotoxicity of BtxA on other cancer cell lines, including SK-OV-3, CHO, MCF-7, and PC-3, the present research has designed.Methods: The cell lines prepared, cultured, and exposed to different concentrations of BtxA for 24 and 48 hours. Using MTT, Annexin V/PI assays and western blotting, cell viability, and apoptosis studied.Results: Our results showed that different BtxA Botox concentrations led to significant cell death in each cell line in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.001) but did not for PC-3 cells. The results of the Annexin V/PI staining indicated that BtxA induced apoptosis after 24 hours. The 1.45U, 1.75U, and 1.65U of BtxA respectively induced more than 50% apoptosis in MCF 7, SK-OV-3, and CHO cell lines. The results of caspase 3 showed more protein expression in the treated group compares to the control group.Conclusion: BtxA, as a neurotoxin, can insert therapeutic anti-cancer and apoptotic effects on various types of cancerous cells; further studies need to illuminate the possible mechanisms.
{"title":"Neurotoxin Botulinum Inserts Apoptotic Effects on Certain Cancer Cell Lines Via Neural Niche of Tumors: A Molecular Study","authors":"M. Farhadi, M. Jameie, Bahareh Derakhshanmehr, Moghadam Tahmasebi, M. Soleimani, S. B. Jameie","doi":"10.34172/ICNJ.2020.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34172/ICNJ.2020.24","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Background: Botulinum toxin A (BtxA) is a powerful neurotoxin reported to be effective as a cancer adjuvant therapy with fewer side effects. Previously we showed the apoptotic effects of BtxA on the GBM cell line (U87-MG). In order to confirm the positive neurotoxicity of BtxA on other cancer cell lines, including SK-OV-3, CHO, MCF-7, and PC-3, the present research has designed.Methods: The cell lines prepared, cultured, and exposed to different concentrations of BtxA for 24 and 48 hours. Using MTT, Annexin V/PI assays and western blotting, cell viability, and apoptosis studied.Results: Our results showed that different BtxA Botox concentrations led to significant cell death in each cell line in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.001) but did not for PC-3 cells. The results of the Annexin V/PI staining indicated that BtxA induced apoptosis after 24 hours. The 1.45U, 1.75U, and 1.65U of BtxA respectively induced more than 50% apoptosis in MCF 7, SK-OV-3, and CHO cell lines. The results of caspase 3 showed more protein expression in the treated group compares to the control group.Conclusion: BtxA, as a neurotoxin, can insert therapeutic anti-cancer and apoptotic effects on various types of cancerous cells; further studies need to illuminate the possible mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":33222,"journal":{"name":"International Clinical Neuroscience Journal","volume":"21 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41249085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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