S. Kolo, N. J. Dadi-Mamud, M. Aliyu-Paiko, B. Jubril
The processing of Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) pulp juice plays a crucial role in its nutritional and sensory attributes, as well as its bacterial composition. This study aims to investigate the antinutritional factors, sensory properties, and microbial activity in processed Shea pulp juice. The study utilized various analytical methods, including proximate analysis, sensory evaluation, and microbial analysis. The findings provide valuable insights into the nutritional quality, taste profile, and microbial composition of Shea pulp juice after processing. The nutritional analysis revealed a substantial amount of moisture of 84.39 to 93.01%, as well as high carbohydrate and caloric values of 5.84 to 8.96% and 33.51 to 67.31%, respectively. It also had a high vitamin C concentration (16.45 - 38.99%). The anti-nutritional analysis shows the presence of phytate (42.80±1.42mg), and oxalate (0.42±0.22mg), it was also found to be very high in tannin (338.80± 1.36mg). Saponin has a low content of 16.59±0.14mg and Cyanide had the lowest quantity (13.23±0.13). Cyanide, oxalate, and phytate concentrations were found to be lower than the reference toxic standard level. In terms of sensory evaluation, all samples were accepted favorably with Sample A and B most preferable to C. This research contributes to the understanding of Shea pulp juice as a potential food source and highlights the importance of optimizing processing techniques to enhance its beneficial properties.
{"title":"Safety Evaluation on Antinutritional, Bacterial Properties with Sensory Acceptability of Processed Shea (Vitellaria Paradoxa) Pulp Juice","authors":"S. Kolo, N. J. Dadi-Mamud, M. Aliyu-Paiko, B. Jubril","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.454","url":null,"abstract":"The processing of Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) pulp juice plays a crucial role in its nutritional and sensory attributes, as well as its bacterial composition. This study aims to investigate the antinutritional factors, sensory properties, and microbial activity in processed Shea pulp juice. The study utilized various analytical methods, including proximate analysis, sensory evaluation, and microbial analysis. The findings provide valuable insights into the nutritional quality, taste profile, and microbial composition of Shea pulp juice after processing. The nutritional analysis revealed a substantial amount of moisture of 84.39 to 93.01%, as well as high carbohydrate and caloric values of 5.84 to 8.96% and 33.51 to 67.31%, respectively. It also had a high vitamin C concentration (16.45 - 38.99%). The anti-nutritional analysis shows the presence of phytate (42.80±1.42mg), and oxalate (0.42±0.22mg), it was also found to be very high in tannin (338.80± 1.36mg). Saponin has a low content of 16.59±0.14mg and Cyanide had the lowest quantity (13.23±0.13). Cyanide, oxalate, and phytate concentrations were found to be lower than the reference toxic standard level. In terms of sensory evaluation, all samples were accepted favorably with Sample A and B most preferable to C. This research contributes to the understanding of Shea pulp juice as a potential food source and highlights the importance of optimizing processing techniques to enhance its beneficial properties.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124061535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aliyu Mahmuda, Kabiru Zaki, Yusuf Yakubu, Mahmud Usman, Aminu Alhaji Mohammed, Mohammed Dalhatu Lawal, Musibaudeen Olayinka Alayande, Abdulmalik Bello Shuaibu, Abdulwahab Habibullah Olabisi
Current phenotypic techniques fail to reflect the full extent of the diversity of Fasciola species. Methods of diagnosis and differentiation of Fasciola species have been developed, but the understanding of the distribution and speciation of this parasite is location dependent. Therefore, it is important to characterize the Fasciola species from different geographical locations. This research was conducted to genetically characterize bovine Fasciola species from cattle brought for slaughter at Birnin Kebbi Modern Abattoir. Faecal samples were collected from the cattle before slaughter and were microscopically examined using two methods of Parasitological examinations (Flukefinder® Kit and formalin-ether sedimentation). Positive faecal samples were subjected to molecular detection method of PCR and sequencing of the products. The obtained sequence was subjected to BLAST and phylogenetic analysis was conducted to determine the Fasciola species prevalent in the area. The PCR results have detected Fasciola spp while the phylogenetic analysis have confirmed the species of liver fluke to be Fasciola gigantica. This have intensified the understanding of the existence of the parasite in the study area and have also provided the genetic diversity of F. gigantica. There is need for further research to compare Fasciola isolates from other livestock in order to determine the exact species infecting animals in the study area.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Bovine Fasciola Species from Kebbi State, Nigeria","authors":"Aliyu Mahmuda, Kabiru Zaki, Yusuf Yakubu, Mahmud Usman, Aminu Alhaji Mohammed, Mohammed Dalhatu Lawal, Musibaudeen Olayinka Alayande, Abdulmalik Bello Shuaibu, Abdulwahab Habibullah Olabisi","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.457","url":null,"abstract":"Current phenotypic techniques fail to reflect the full extent of the diversity of Fasciola species. Methods of diagnosis and differentiation of Fasciola species have been developed, but the understanding of the distribution and speciation of this parasite is location dependent. Therefore, it is important to characterize the Fasciola species from different geographical locations. This research was conducted to genetically characterize bovine Fasciola species from cattle brought for slaughter at Birnin Kebbi Modern Abattoir. Faecal samples were collected from the cattle before slaughter and were microscopically examined using two methods of Parasitological examinations (Flukefinder® Kit and formalin-ether sedimentation). Positive faecal samples were subjected to molecular detection method of PCR and sequencing of the products. The obtained sequence was subjected to BLAST and phylogenetic analysis was conducted to determine the Fasciola species prevalent in the area. The PCR results have detected Fasciola spp while the phylogenetic analysis have confirmed the species of liver fluke to be Fasciola gigantica. This have intensified the understanding of the existence of the parasite in the study area and have also provided the genetic diversity of F. gigantica. There is need for further research to compare Fasciola isolates from other livestock in order to determine the exact species infecting animals in the study area.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135697715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Adegoke, A. Banji, Adewole Oluwaseun Adetayo, Ogu, Helen Ugochi
The current study was conducted to investigate the nutritional and sensory quality of wheat flour supplemented with sprouted finger millet flour in varying ratio to produce bread. Phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of the flour samples confirmed the presence of many phytochemicals including flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins. The results of flavonoid, phenolic and alkaloid content of white wheat flour (WWF) are 1.34 ± 0.05 (mg QE/g), 2.25 ± 0.05 (mg GAE/g) and 1.26 ± 0.01 (%) respectively. The mean concentration of raw finger millet flour (RFF) : sprouted finger millet flour (SFF) for flavonoid, phenolic and alkaloid are 2.15 ± 0.15 mg QE/g : 2.87 ± 0.05 mg QE/), 4.24 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g : 5.10 ± 0.11 mg GAE/g and 2.56 ± 0.03 (%) : 2.58 ± 0.05 (%). The results of moisture content, ash and carbohydrate of the bread increases from 8.28-10.18 %, 1.70-2.55 %, and 69.30-70.21 % while crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber of the bread decreases from 12.80-11.20 %, 3.62-2.01 %, and 4.30-3.90 %. The sensory score results revealed that bread made with 100 % WWF (sample A) was most acceptable. The study has revealed that acceptable nutrient dense bread can be made from wheat and sprouted finger millet flour up to 30 % substitution.
{"title":"Nutritional and Sensory Quality Attributes of Bread Produced from Wheat-Sprouted Finger Millet Flour","authors":"A. Adegoke, A. Banji, Adewole Oluwaseun Adetayo, Ogu, Helen Ugochi","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.456","url":null,"abstract":"The current study was conducted to investigate the nutritional and sensory quality of wheat flour supplemented with sprouted finger millet flour in varying ratio to produce bread. Phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of the flour samples confirmed the presence of many phytochemicals including flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins. The results of flavonoid, phenolic and alkaloid content of white wheat flour (WWF) are 1.34 ± 0.05 (mg QE/g), 2.25 ± 0.05 (mg GAE/g) and 1.26 ± 0.01 (%) respectively. The mean concentration of raw finger millet flour (RFF) : sprouted finger millet flour (SFF) for flavonoid, phenolic and alkaloid are 2.15 ± 0.15 mg QE/g : 2.87 ± 0.05 mg QE/), 4.24 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g : 5.10 ± 0.11 mg GAE/g and 2.56 ± 0.03 (%) : 2.58 ± 0.05 (%). The results of moisture content, ash and carbohydrate of the bread increases from 8.28-10.18 %, 1.70-2.55 %, and 69.30-70.21 % while crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber of the bread decreases from 12.80-11.20 %, 3.62-2.01 %, and 4.30-3.90 %. The sensory score results revealed that bread made with 100 % WWF (sample A) was most acceptable. The study has revealed that acceptable nutrient dense bread can be made from wheat and sprouted finger millet flour up to 30 % substitution.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131895520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. A. Omanayin, N. M. Waziri, U. S. Onoduku, A. A. Alabi
The pegmatites of Ogodo-Odobola area around Ajaokuta, Central Nigeria belong to the pegmatite belt of Central Nigeria. A detailed geological mapping of the pegmatites and host rocks was conducted with the aim of understanding their mode of occurrence and field relationship and to assess their mineralization potentials. Twelve (12) representative samples of rocks were selected for petrographic analysis. The results show that the area is underlain by migmatite-gneiss, schist, with intrusions of granite and pegmatite. The pegmatites occur in tabular form with varying widths (2 centimetres – 6 metres) and lengths (12 – 200 metres). Principal joint direction is NNE-SSW which is believed to have influenced the pegmatite emplacement. Petrography of the representative rock samples revealed an average mineralogical composition of biotite (23.90%), microcline (22.15%), hornblende (15.05%), quartz (10.65%), plagioclase (10.35%), muscovite (8.00%), myrmekite (0.20%), and opaque and accessory minerals (9.70%). The pegmatites were found to be dominated by microcline and plagioclase feldspars, and then muscovite, biotite, and accessory and opaque minerals. The pegmatite of the Ogodo-Odobola area is worth probing as the results have shown prospect for possible economic minerals.
{"title":"Characterization of Pegmatites in Ogodo-Odobola Area of Idah Sheet 267NW, Central Nigeria","authors":"Y. A. Omanayin, N. M. Waziri, U. S. Onoduku, A. A. Alabi","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.461","url":null,"abstract":"The pegmatites of Ogodo-Odobola area around Ajaokuta, Central Nigeria belong to the pegmatite belt of Central Nigeria. A detailed geological mapping of the pegmatites and host rocks was conducted with the aim of understanding their mode of occurrence and field relationship and to assess their mineralization potentials. Twelve (12) representative samples of rocks were selected for petrographic analysis. The results show that the area is underlain by migmatite-gneiss, schist, with intrusions of granite and pegmatite. The pegmatites occur in tabular form with varying widths (2 centimetres – 6 metres) and lengths (12 – 200 metres). Principal joint direction is NNE-SSW which is believed to have influenced the pegmatite emplacement. Petrography of the representative rock samples revealed an average mineralogical composition of biotite (23.90%), microcline (22.15%), hornblende (15.05%), quartz (10.65%), plagioclase (10.35%), muscovite (8.00%), myrmekite (0.20%), and opaque and accessory minerals (9.70%). The pegmatites were found to be dominated by microcline and plagioclase feldspars, and then muscovite, biotite, and accessory and opaque minerals. The pegmatite of the Ogodo-Odobola area is worth probing as the results have shown prospect for possible economic minerals.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135697936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S.I. Kolo, B. Jubril, M.M. Maude, A. A. Shehu, F. Abdulkadir, B. A. Saidu, A. A. Essangi
Zobo (Roselle), a popular traditional Nigerian beverage, is known for its rich taste and potential health benefits. Recently, there has been growing interest in enhancing the nutritional value of Zobo through the addition of fruit juices. This research aimed to assess the Anti-nutritional and nutritional composition of Zobo enriched with pineapple and orange juice. The results revealed that the incorporation of pineapple and orange juice significantly increased the moisture content as expected of a juice product. Crude fibre and carbohydrates were found to increase as pineapple and orange were added. All anti-nutrient contents were also found to be low in all samples. Notably, saponin concentrations in Zobo samples were found to be 5.70±0.02, 4.81±0.09, 4.09±0.03, 4.38±0.54. The presence of Saponin in food is known to kill protozoa and mollusks, and also act as antifungal and antiviral agents. Furthermore, indicates that the panelists accepted the four samples in all of the attributes except sample D. These findings support the potential of Zobo enriched with pineapple and orange juice as a functional beverage with enhanced nutritional qualities.
{"title":"Anti-Nutritional and Nutritional Composition of Zobo (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) Enriched with Pineapple and Orange Juice","authors":"S.I. Kolo, B. Jubril, M.M. Maude, A. A. Shehu, F. Abdulkadir, B. A. Saidu, A. A. Essangi","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.459","url":null,"abstract":"Zobo (Roselle), a popular traditional Nigerian beverage, is known for its rich taste and potential health benefits. Recently, there has been growing interest in enhancing the nutritional value of Zobo through the addition of fruit juices. This research aimed to assess the Anti-nutritional and nutritional composition of Zobo enriched with pineapple and orange juice. The results revealed that the incorporation of pineapple and orange juice significantly increased the moisture content as expected of a juice product. Crude fibre and carbohydrates were found to increase as pineapple and orange were added. All anti-nutrient contents were also found to be low in all samples. Notably, saponin concentrations in Zobo samples were found to be 5.70±0.02, 4.81±0.09, 4.09±0.03, 4.38±0.54. The presence of Saponin in food is known to kill protozoa and mollusks, and also act as antifungal and antiviral agents. Furthermore, indicates that the panelists accepted the four samples in all of the attributes except sample D. These findings support the potential of Zobo enriched with pineapple and orange juice as a functional beverage with enhanced nutritional qualities.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135697937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Galadima, A. M. Lawal, R. Muhammad, M. Abubakar, A. Lawal, J.M. Nahuche, S. Mustapha, S. S. Abdussalam
Biodiesel production via catalytic transesterification of non-edible oils derived from plants is one of the priority areas considered by researchers as an approach to reduce the over-dependence on fossil fuels. However, the development of most appropriate catalyst system is still under investigation. The current study therefore investigated the potentials of bone ashes derived from cow, camel and goat as catalytic materials for upgrading mango seed oils into biodiesel under a range of reaction conditions. Irrespective of the bone ash type, the XRF data revealed the presence of CaO, P2O5, SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, MgO, TiO2 and Fe2O3. Among the nine oxides, CaO and P2O5 were found to play a competitive role during the upgrading reaction. However, reactions influenced by active basic sites in CaO were very favourable and accounted for the production of high biodiesel yields reaching maximum at ~94.5%. Further studies on properties characterization showed the produced methyl esters to have properties in line with those approved internationally for the designing of B100 and other grades of biodiesel.
{"title":"Animal Bone Ash Catalyzed Upgrading of Mango Seed Oil into Biodiesel through Heterogeneous Transesterification","authors":"A Galadima, A. M. Lawal, R. Muhammad, M. Abubakar, A. Lawal, J.M. Nahuche, S. Mustapha, S. S. Abdussalam","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.452","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel production via catalytic transesterification of non-edible oils derived from plants is one of the priority areas considered by researchers as an approach to reduce the over-dependence on fossil fuels. However, the development of most appropriate catalyst system is still under investigation. The current study therefore investigated the potentials of bone ashes derived from cow, camel and goat as catalytic materials for upgrading mango seed oils into biodiesel under a range of reaction conditions. Irrespective of the bone ash type, the XRF data revealed the presence of CaO, P2O5, SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, MgO, TiO2 and Fe2O3. Among the nine oxides, CaO and P2O5 were found to play a competitive role during the upgrading reaction. However, reactions influenced by active basic sites in CaO were very favourable and accounted for the production of high biodiesel yields reaching maximum at ~94.5%. Further studies on properties characterization showed the produced methyl esters to have properties in line with those approved internationally for the designing of B100 and other grades of biodiesel.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135697938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are facing an increased burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) comorbidity. There is however, paucity of information on the magnitude of HIV-hypertension comorbidity, its associated factors, and how the health system responds to the burden in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of comorbidity HIV and hypertension and associated factors among HIV-positive adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Katsina General Hospital, Katsina. Two hundred (200) HIV infected adults (aged ≥ 18) who had been on antiretroviral therapy for at least six months Katsina General Hospital, Katsina were recruited. Participants’ demographics, HIV characteristics, the presence of non-communicable diseases via self-report, from clinic folders and from measurement of their blood pressure on the day of interview and serum lipid profile, were evaluated. The magnitude of HIV and hypertension comorbidity was 28.5%. Old age, higher BMI, higher viral load, alcohol and duration on antiretroviral therapy were found to be factors associated with development of hypertension among HIV-positive adults. The prevalence of hypertension measured on the day of interview was greater than that found on self-report or reported in the clinic folder. Regular screening for the incidences of hypertension, addressing modifiable risk factors, and providing integrated care in the center would help improve the quality of life of comorbid patients.
{"title":"HIV-Hypertension Comorbidity, Associated Factors and Treatment Option Among HIV Patients Attending Katsina General Hospital, Katsina State Nigeria","authors":"Salahuddeen Ya'u, Osibemhe Martin","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.480","url":null,"abstract":"People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are facing an increased burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) comorbidity. There is however, paucity of information on the magnitude of HIV-hypertension comorbidity, its associated factors, and how the health system responds to the burden in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of comorbidity HIV and hypertension and associated factors among HIV-positive adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Katsina General Hospital, Katsina. Two hundred (200) HIV infected adults (aged ≥ 18) who had been on antiretroviral therapy for at least six months Katsina General Hospital, Katsina were recruited. Participants’ demographics, HIV characteristics, the presence of non-communicable diseases via self-report, from clinic folders and from measurement of their blood pressure on the day of interview and serum lipid profile, were evaluated. The magnitude of HIV and hypertension comorbidity was 28.5%. Old age, higher BMI, higher viral load, alcohol and duration on antiretroviral therapy were found to be factors associated with development of hypertension among HIV-positive adults. The prevalence of hypertension measured on the day of interview was greater than that found on self-report or reported in the clinic folder. Regular screening for the incidences of hypertension, addressing modifiable risk factors, and providing integrated care in the center would help improve the quality of life of comorbid patients.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. I. Umar, A. Uba, D.T. Amamatu, A. Alhassan, B. Ahmad
Various literature reports had highlighted the significance of coumarinas a potential source for manufacturing of drugs. Vernonia glaberrima is one of the major plants that posses 5-methylcoumarin -4β glucoside in abundance. This study wasaimedat utilizing 5-methylcoumarin-4β glucoside isolated from V. glaberrimatoproduce4-hydroxy-5-methylcoumarin through alkali hydrolysis. Crude extract was fractionated and subjected to column chromatography. The Isolated compound was hydrolyzed and characterized using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Optimization of process Parameters for the hydrolysis of 5-methylcoumarin -4β glucosidesuch as (reaction time, temperature, and NaOH concentration) was determined using Response Surface based on Box-Beinkhen experimental design on Minitab 17 statistical software. The optimum yield of 4-hydroxy-5-methylcoumarin (17%) was achieved at the temperatureof900C, NaOH Concentration of 1M, and 1hour reaction time. From this study it can be concluded that 4-Hydroxy-5-Methylcoumarin can be obtained from 5-methylcoumarin-4βglucosidealbeit with maximum yield of 17%.
{"title":"Utilisation of 5-Methylcoumarin-4β Glucoside Isolated From vernonia Glaberrima Leaves for The Production Of 4-Hydroxy-5-Methylcoumarin Via Alkali Hydrolysis","authors":"J. I. Umar, A. Uba, D.T. Amamatu, A. Alhassan, B. Ahmad","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.465","url":null,"abstract":"Various literature reports had highlighted the significance of coumarinas a potential source for manufacturing of drugs. Vernonia glaberrima is one of the major plants that posses 5-methylcoumarin -4β glucoside in abundance. This study wasaimedat utilizing 5-methylcoumarin-4β glucoside isolated from V. glaberrimatoproduce4-hydroxy-5-methylcoumarin through alkali hydrolysis. Crude extract was fractionated and subjected to column chromatography. The Isolated compound was hydrolyzed and characterized using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Optimization of process Parameters for the hydrolysis of 5-methylcoumarin -4β glucosidesuch as (reaction time, temperature, and NaOH concentration) was determined using Response Surface based on Box-Beinkhen experimental design on Minitab 17 statistical software. The optimum yield of 4-hydroxy-5-methylcoumarin (17%) was achieved at the temperatureof900C, NaOH Concentration of 1M, and 1hour reaction time. From this study it can be concluded that 4-Hydroxy-5-Methylcoumarin can be obtained from 5-methylcoumarin-4βglucosidealbeit with maximum yield of 17%.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122806247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Momoh, S. Musa, Muhammad Adamu Alkali, Ali Micheal Inalegwa
This paper presents an optimal control of intervention strategies for the menace of Banditry taking into account media campaign against Banditry rehabilitation of Bandits detainees and use of military force against Banditry as control strategies. The Banditry free equilibrium, Banditry present equilibrium and the basic reproduction number of Banditry were obtained. The stability analysis results suggest that the Banditry free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when and otherwise when . The Boko Haram presence equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when and unstable if . We used the three control strategies and updated the Banditry menace model. The optimal control issue was resolved using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle (PMP).It was discovered that there is a significant decrease in the population of Bandits and increase in the number of rehabilitated Bandits and detained Bandits when the control measures are implemented compared to the case without control. We solved the optimality control using a forward-backward sweep strategy implemented in MATLAB for numerical simulation. Additionally, we saw that the number of people detained fluctuates as the number of people receiving rehabilitation rises. We argue that in order to lessen or completely erase the menace caused by Bandits in society, the government should fund media campaigns and rehabilitation initiatives.
{"title":"Mathematical Modeling and Optimal Control of Intervention Strategies for A Banditry Model","authors":"A. Momoh, S. Musa, Muhammad Adamu Alkali, Ali Micheal Inalegwa","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.467","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an optimal control of intervention strategies for the menace of Banditry taking into account media campaign against Banditry rehabilitation of Bandits detainees and use of military force against Banditry as control strategies. The Banditry free equilibrium, Banditry present equilibrium and the basic reproduction number of Banditry were obtained. The stability analysis results suggest that the Banditry free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when and otherwise when . The Boko Haram presence equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when and unstable if . We used the three control strategies and updated the Banditry menace model. The optimal control issue was resolved using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle (PMP).It was discovered that there is a significant decrease in the population of Bandits and increase in the number of rehabilitated Bandits and detained Bandits when the control measures are implemented compared to the case without control. We solved the optimality control using a forward-backward sweep strategy implemented in MATLAB for numerical simulation. Additionally, we saw that the number of people detained fluctuates as the number of people receiving rehabilitation rises. We argue that in order to lessen or completely erase the menace caused by Bandits in society, the government should fund media campaigns and rehabilitation initiatives.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125872786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Badamasi Abu, B.U Bagudo, Salihu Sani, M.M Garba, Abdullahi Muhammad Sokoto, S. A. Zauro, Chika Muhammad, Imrana Ibrahim, Shamsudeen Yahaya
Provision of an alternative clean source of fuel with less cost, will reduce fossil fuel demand. Pollution is the major environmental problem. Air pollution is among the three types of pollution where harmful substances such as CO2 and CO are introduced to the environment and cause harm to humans and animals. Fossil fuel combustion from automobiles and industries causes this type of pollution. There is need to replace another source of fuel with renewable feedstock such as the peels of Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum barberi which are lignocellulose materials to produce bioethanol that has a lower impact on air pollution and the Ozone layer which causes Green-House effect than fossil fuels. Dilute H2SO4 at different concentrations of 1M,2M,3M,4M and 5M were replicated into three different parts respectively as hydrolysing solution. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as fermentation enzymes. Different pH values of 5, 6 and 7 was used for fermentation periods of 5, 6 and 7 days, respectively. The Bioethanol was distilled by the use of fractional distillation. Hydrolysed samples of 3M for 6th day of both Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum barberi produced the best yields of bioethanol at the pH of 5 and 5M hydrolysed samples of both Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum barberi produced the least bioethanol for all pH values and fermentation days. The Bioethanol produced was blended with kerosene fuel to create EK10 and EK20 kerosene-bioethanol blends for use as a fuel source in a kerosene lamp. EK10 blend took 126 hours to burn in a rotary kerosene lamp, while EK20 blend took 167 hours to burn-off in the same kerosene lamp. Hydrolysed H2SO4 of 3M, pH 5 and fermentation period of 6 days for both Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum barberi shows the best sample to produce bioethanol. The bioethanol kerosene blend EK10 and E20 was concluded to show long period of burning with clean soot in a rotary kerosene lamp, therefore the bioethanol kerosene blends can be used as substitutes for kerosene fuel.
{"title":"Bioethanol Production from Two Varieties (Saccharum Officinarum and Saccharum Barberi) Of Sugarcane Peels","authors":"Badamasi Abu, B.U Bagudo, Salihu Sani, M.M Garba, Abdullahi Muhammad Sokoto, S. A. Zauro, Chika Muhammad, Imrana Ibrahim, Shamsudeen Yahaya","doi":"10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57233/ijsgs.v9i2.474","url":null,"abstract":"Provision of an alternative clean source of fuel with less cost, will reduce fossil fuel demand. Pollution is the major environmental problem. Air pollution is among the three types of pollution where harmful substances such as CO2 and CO are introduced to the environment and cause harm to humans and animals. Fossil fuel combustion from automobiles and industries causes this type of pollution. There is need to replace another source of fuel with renewable feedstock such as the peels of Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum barberi which are lignocellulose materials to produce bioethanol that has a lower impact on air pollution and the Ozone layer which causes Green-House effect than fossil fuels. Dilute H2SO4 at different concentrations of 1M,2M,3M,4M and 5M were replicated into three different parts respectively as hydrolysing solution. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as fermentation enzymes. Different pH values of 5, 6 and 7 was used for fermentation periods of 5, 6 and 7 days, respectively. The Bioethanol was distilled by the use of fractional distillation. Hydrolysed samples of 3M for 6th day of both Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum barberi produced the best yields of bioethanol at the pH of 5 and 5M hydrolysed samples of both Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum barberi produced the least bioethanol for all pH values and fermentation days. The Bioethanol produced was blended with kerosene fuel to create EK10 and EK20 kerosene-bioethanol blends for use as a fuel source in a kerosene lamp. EK10 blend took 126 hours to burn in a rotary kerosene lamp, while EK20 blend took 167 hours to burn-off in the same kerosene lamp. Hydrolysed H2SO4 of 3M, pH 5 and fermentation period of 6 days for both Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum barberi shows the best sample to produce bioethanol. The bioethanol kerosene blend EK10 and E20 was concluded to show long period of burning with clean soot in a rotary kerosene lamp, therefore the bioethanol kerosene blends can be used as substitutes for kerosene fuel.","PeriodicalId":332500,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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