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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS TRADING SCHEME: ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE AND ADOPTION PROSPECTS IN RUSSIA 温室气体排放交易制度:国际经验分析及俄罗斯采用前景
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2079-1690-2023-1-1-89-96
This article presents various greenhouse gas emission regulation methods and contains a comparative analysis of their advantages and disadvantages, illustrates their functioning principles. Particular attention within the article is paid to the emission trading systems with a brief description of the largest operating systems in the world given. Based on a review of existing publications on this topic, some conclusions were made regarding necessary conditions for their successful implementation, the effectiveness of such systems and recommendations for their development. The current state of emission regulation in Russia is described with the focus on the socalled “Sakhalin experiment” launched in 2022, that is aimed at achieving regional carbon neutrality by 2025 by means of an emission trading system deployment. This project’s roadmap is analyzed including both finished and pending steps.
本文介绍了各种温室气体排放调节方法,并对其优缺点进行了比较分析,阐述了各种方法的作用原理。本文特别关注排放交易系统,并简要介绍了世界上最大的操作系统。根据对关于这一专题的现有出版物的审查,就成功执行这些制度的必要条件、这些制度的效力和发展这些制度的建议作出了一些结论。本文描述了俄罗斯目前的排放监管状况,重点是2022年启动的所谓“库页岛实验”,该实验旨在通过排放交易系统的部署,到2025年实现区域碳中和。分析了该项目的路线图,包括已完成的和待完成的步骤。
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引用次数: 1
MONUMENTAL COMMEMORATION AND RUSSIAN IDENTITY IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS: CAN NON-ACCEPTANCE OF DECISIONS BE A RATIONAL POLITICAL STRATEGY? 北高加索地区的纪念活动和俄罗斯身份认同:不接受决定是一种理性的政治策略吗?
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2079-1690-2023-1-1-197-204
Поцелуев Сергей Петрович, Гаас Алан Александрович, Яковлев Александр Дмитриевич
The article is devoted to the phenomenon of the "monument war" in the North Caucasus in the context of Russian nation-building. The authors analyze the historical dynamics of the commemoration in the North Caucasus, depending on its historical stages and political actors. Further, the article examines the causes of the actual 'war of monuments' in the North Caucasus and formulates its essence. At the same time, the question is raised about the assessment of the position of the authorities regarding this "war" in terms of the policy of "non-decision-making" (according to P. Bachrach and M. S. Baratz). In conclusion, the authors interpret the memorial conflicts in the North Caucasus as a request for a modern (in the spirit of E. Renan) concept of the Russian nation.
本文致力于在俄罗斯国家建设的背景下北高加索地区的“纪念碑战争”现象。作者分析了北高加索地区纪念活动的历史动态,这取决于其历史阶段和政治角色。此外,本文探讨了北高加索地区实际的“纪念碑战争”的原因,并阐述了其本质。与此同时,提出的问题是,根据“非决策”政策,当局对这场“战争”的立场的评估(根据P. Bachrach和M. S. Baratz)。最后,作者将北高加索地区的纪念冲突解释为对俄罗斯民族现代(在E. Renan的精神下)概念的要求。
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引用次数: 0
TRENDS OF FOREIGN ECONOMIES’ INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND PRIORITY DIRECTIONS FOR RUSSIA 国外经济创新发展趋势及俄罗斯优先发展方向
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2079-1690-2023-1-1-61-67
Innovative development is one of the key factors determining the level of competitiveness of all modern states of the world. That is why the use of indicators to assess their innovative potential is becoming a priority task facing the world scientific community. The article discusses the main components that make up the Global Innovation Index (GII) as one of the promising tools for indicative evaluation. Within the framework of this scientific study, the analysis of the regional structure of the largest innovative macroregions of the world was carried out, and the key features of the leading countries that influenced their ranking in 2022 were identified. The authors have made attempts to identify the strengths and weaknesses of Russia's innovation policy, which influenced its dynamics in the GII, and also assessed the poten-tial of innovative development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Finally, the authors have identified a number of patterns that affect the development of competitive innovation ecosystems.
创新发展是决定当今世界各国竞争力高低的关键因素之一。这就是为什么使用指标来评估它们的创新潜力正成为世界科学界面临的一项优先任务。本文讨论了全球创新指数(GII)作为指导性评价工具之一的主要组成部分。在这项科学研究的框架内,对世界上最大的创新宏观区域的区域结构进行了分析,并确定了影响其2022年排名的主要国家的关键特征。作者试图确定俄罗斯创新政策的长处和短处,这些政策影响了俄罗斯在全球创新指数中的动态,并评估了俄罗斯联邦各主体的创新发展潜力。最后,作者确定了一些影响竞争创新生态系统发展的模式。
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引用次数: 0
PROBLEMS ANALYSIS IN PLANNING OF IRAQI FUEL AND ENERGY SECTOR: CASE STUDY IN MIDLANDS OIL COMPANY (BAGHDAD) 伊拉克燃料和能源部门规划中的问题分析:以midlands石油公司(巴格达)为例
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2079-1690-2023-1-1-120-125
In this article, the authors try to analyze the problems of planning in the Iraqi fuel and energy sector, focusing on the example of one enterprise (company) of the Iraqi oil industry. The main problem lies in the weak planning of an effective oil policy in Iraq in the field of oil and gas production and export, weak development of oil infrastructure. This leads to fluctuations in Iraqi oil and gas resources under price pressure, despite the huge volume of these resources and the huge revenues generated from them. The problems of planning are considered on the example of the Midlands Oil Company. Based on the results of the analysis, measures are proposed to improve the efficiency of Midlands Oil Company.
本文以伊拉克某石油企业(公司)为例,分析了伊拉克燃料和能源部门规划中存在的问题。主要问题在于伊拉克在油气生产和出口领域缺乏有效的石油政策规划,石油基础设施建设薄弱。这导致伊拉克石油和天然气资源在价格压力下波动,尽管这些资源储量巨大,并从中产生巨额收入。以米德兰兹石油公司为例,讨论了规划问题。根据分析结果,提出了提高米德兰石油公司效率的措施。
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引用次数: 0
NEW PANOPTICON: THE IMAGE IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL DISCIPLINE AND CONTROL 新圆形监狱:社会纪律和控制系统中的形象
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2079-1690-2023-1-1-224-231
The article deals with the image analysis as one of the instruments for monitoring and managing the social behaviour of people in the modern consumer society. Under the conditions when the utilitarian role of goods has largely fallen by the wayside, the symbolic status reality appeared for the first time, whose material signs are goods. The image without losing its full instrumental function in some particular cases usually acquires a new role commonly recognized and legalized from the position of the internal coercing apparatus in order to ensure the intersubjective organization of internal experience within the stable and predictable functioning and reproduction of the system. On the one hand, the traditional external coercing apparatus in its repressive and supervisory function is applied to the antisocial behaviour, its experiencers are oriented to the symbols outside the system requiring reproduction. Secondly, its effect also extends to those social strata that for one reason or another have dropped out of the "race for consumer status". But even in this latter case, it also tends to reduce the direct impact in favour of autonomous self-control.
在现代消费社会中,图像分析是监控和管理人们社会行为的工具之一。在商品的功利主义作用基本消失的条件下,象征地位现实首次出现,其物质标志就是商品。在某些特殊情况下,不丧失其全部工具功能的图像通常会从内部强制装置的位置获得一种普遍认可和合法化的新角色,以确保在系统的稳定和可预测的功能和再生产中内部经验的主体间组织。一方面,传统的外部强制装置在其压制和监督功能上被应用于反社会行为,其体验者被导向需要再生产的系统之外的符号。其次,它的影响还延伸到那些由于这样或那样的原因而退出“消费者地位竞争”的社会阶层。但即使在后一种情况下,它也倾向于减少对自主自我控制的直接影响。
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引用次数: 0
TAX ADMINISTRATION TRENDS IN MODERN ECONOMIC CONDITIONS 现代经济条件下的税收征管趋势
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2079-1690-2023-1-1-68-75
Золочевская Елена Юрьевна, Скидан Анастасия Васильевна, Архипова Ксения Сергеевна
The article presents an analysis of the essence and approaches to understanding the term "tax administration", an analysis of the dynamics of revenues administered by tax authorities, and also calculates the coefficient of their collection as a tool for assessing the effectiveness of the tax administration system for the period 2020-2022. On the scale of the Russian Federation and the Rostov region. The structure and dynamics of changes in the volume of tax revenues by levels of taxation and types of taxes to the consolidated budget in the country and region for the corresponding period have been studied. Based on the calculations, a list of budget-forming taxes for 2022 was selected, and the dynamics of the debt of the consolidated budget in the Rostov region by taxation levels was studied.
本文分析了理解“税收管理”一词的本质和方法,分析了税务机关管理的收入动态,并计算了其征收系数,作为评估2020-2022年期间税收管理系统有效性的工具。在俄罗斯联邦和罗斯托夫地区的规模上。已研究了相应期间该国和区域按税收水平和综合预算税收种类划分的税收收入的结构和变化动态。在此基础上,选择了2022年预算形成税清单,并研究了罗斯托夫地区综合预算债务随税收水平的动态变化。
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引用次数: 0
TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL MODELS OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN ORDER TO ENSURE THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE REGION, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ESG PRINCIPLES 转变传统的区域发展模式,以确保区域的可持续性,同时考虑到esg原则
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2079-1690-2023-1-1-83-88
Калицева Кристина Асланбековна
In the current conditions, when the trends of globalization are being replaced by the trends of regionalization and glocalization, and the idea of globalization is increasingly being criticized in the international economic space, the urgency on the part of federal and regional authorities to study issues related to the transition to a sustainable development model is becoming more acute. The implementation of the principles of sustainable development and the need to take into account the basic provisions of the ESG strategy for regional development is now becoming for all regional socio-economic subsystems not just following current trends, but an objective necessity that allows overcoming the inertial nature of the development of both regional systems themselves and their individual components, increasing innovation activity in the region and making it more investment-oriented attractive. All these tasks are becoming more and more urgent for Russian regions due to the need to function in new economic conditions associated not only with the structural restructuring of both the national and global economy, but also the need to fulfill their economic, social and environmental tasks in these conditions in order to improve the quality of life of their population.
在全球化趋势被区域化和全球地方化趋势所取代,全球化思想在国际经济空间受到越来越多的批评的情况下,联邦和地区当局研究向可持续发展模式过渡的相关问题的紧迫性变得更加迫切。执行可持续发展原则和必须考虑到促进区域发展的ESG战略的基本规定,现在已成为所有区域社会经济次级系统的一种客观需要,这不仅符合目前的趋势,而且能够克服区域系统本身及其个别组成部分发展的惯性性质。增加该地区的创新活动,使其更具投资吸引力。对俄罗斯各地区来说,所有这些任务都变得越来越紧迫,因为需要在新的经济条件下发挥作用,不仅与国家和全球经济的结构调整有关,而且需要在这些条件下完成其经济、社会和环境任务,以提高其人口的生活质量。
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引用次数: 0
FEATURES OF ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROJECTS: MODELS AND PRINCIPLES 公私合作项目绩效评估的特点:模式与原则
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2079-1690-2023-1-1-97-104
Кюрджиев Сергей Пантелеевич, Шкред Владимир Николаевич
Over the past thirty years, service delivery through public-private partnerships has enabled the government to make significant strides in health, education, water, construction, and transportation. Many of the benefits of such projects have been reported in reports from the National PPP Center, although discussions about the strengths and weaknesses of PPPs have long focused on achieving public policy goals. To achieve maximum benefit, PPP projects should be designed with specific performance improvements in mind, within a framework that shares risks and rewards between the public and private sectors. The Russian PPP market is considered complex and quite developed. Nevertheless, despite the sufficient level of development of PPP in the Russian Federation, the lack of effective approaches to measuring the effectiveness of projects was noted as a factor that gives rise to problems associated with corruption and guarantees. According to the reports of the Ministry of Economic Development, the lack of an effective methodology for measuring the effectiveness of PPPs is the main reason for unsatisfactory demand in the construction sector and natural monopolies. There is a widespread belief that performance evaluation plays a critical role in business planning. Based on this, this study conceptualizes a dynamic model for measuring the performance of public-private partnership projects.
在过去的30年里,通过公私伙伴关系提供的服务使政府在卫生、教育、水、建筑和交通方面取得了重大进展。国家公私合作伙伴关系中心的报告报告了这类项目的许多好处,尽管关于公私合作伙伴关系的优缺点的讨论长期以来一直集中在实现公共政策目标上。为了实现利益最大化,PPP项目的设计应考虑到具体的绩效改进,并在公共和私营部门分担风险和分享回报的框架内进行。俄罗斯PPP市场被认为是复杂且相当发达的。然而,尽管俄罗斯联邦公私合作伙伴关系的发展水平足够高,但有人指出,缺乏衡量项目有效性的有效办法是造成腐败和担保问题的一个因素。根据经济发展部的报告,缺乏一种有效的方法来衡量ppp的有效性,这是建筑部门需求不理想和自然垄断的主要原因。人们普遍认为绩效评估在商业计划中起着至关重要的作用。在此基础上,本研究提出了一个衡量公私合作项目绩效的动态模型。
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引用次数: 0
THE NATURE AND FORM OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE ECONOMY 经济中知识的性质和形式
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2079-1690-2023-1-1-126-133
Мельникова Татьяна Борисовна
For a long period of time, knowledge has been regarded as an important element of economic development, both in practical and theoretical aspects. This article is aimed at studying and systematizing the main theoretical features of the inclusion of knowledge in economic models. In models of knowledge production, this resource is an input for the functions of technology production and knowledge generation, contributing to a greater extent either to reduce costs or to accumulate information. Knowledge diffusion models take into account the types of participants in the knowledge transfer process and their absorptive capacity. As a result, economic models reveal patterns of positive and negative externalities from knowledge creation and dissemination.
长期以来,无论是在实践方面还是在理论方面,知识都被视为经济发展的重要因素。本文旨在研究和系统化经济模型中知识包含的主要理论特征。在知识生产模式中,这种资源是技术生产和知识产生功能的投入,在更大程度上有助于降低成本或积累信息。知识扩散模型考虑了知识转移过程中参与者的类型及其吸收能力。因此,经济模型揭示了知识创造和传播的正负外部性模式。
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引用次数: 0
SOCIAL CONDITIONING OF MODERN RUSSIAN LEGISLATIVE PROCESS 现代俄罗斯立法过程的社会条件
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22394/2079-1690-2023-1-1-313-318
The article is devoted to the analysis of changes in the Russian legislative process through the prism of changes in the social structure of society. Using the example of the current legislation of the Russian Federation regulating social services for citizens, the methodological design of the study of the social conditionality of the modern legislative process through the definition and assessment of social factors, subjectivity, forms of citizen participation, appeals to expert and public opinion, scientific and analytical justification is proposed. Conclusions are drawn regarding the need for sociological support of the legislative process, the possibilities of using sociological methodology to improve it towards a social orientation through the organization of forms of broad public discussion to ensure a civilized dialogue between the state and society, as well as the achievement of public consent.
这篇文章致力于通过社会结构变化的棱镜来分析俄罗斯立法程序的变化。以俄罗斯联邦现行的规范公民社会服务的立法为例,通过对社会因素、主体性、公民参与的形式、专家和公众舆论的呼吁、科学和分析的理由的定义和评价,提出了研究现代立法程序的社会条件的方法设计。得出的结论是,立法过程需要社会学支持,利用社会学方法通过组织各种形式的广泛公众讨论,以确保国家与社会之间的文明对话,以及取得公众同意,从而使立法朝着社会方向改进的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
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Gosudarstvennoe i munitsipal''noe upravlenie
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