Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.565212
F. Chan, B. Javidi
Nonlinear filtering techniques have been shown to provide good performance for pattern recognition applications. In this paper, we apply these techniques to active sonar processing and show improved performance of target echo ranging in highly reverberant environments. We propose an algorithm that eliminates the need for range and azimuthal data normalization after the matched filter by scaling the input signal prior to matched filtering.
{"title":"Fourier plane non-linear filtering algorithm for active sonar signal processing","authors":"F. Chan, B. Javidi","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.565212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.565212","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear filtering techniques have been shown to provide good performance for pattern recognition applications. In this paper, we apply these techniques to active sonar processing and show improved performance of target echo ranging in highly reverberant environments. We propose an algorithm that eliminates the need for range and azimuthal data normalization after the matched filter by scaling the input signal prior to matched filtering.","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116189608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.565175
S. Esener, F. Mccormick
In this presentation we will discuss possible optoelectronic packaging technologies that can provide the much needed compactness and light weight to future parallel readout optical heads. Based on the characteristics of these technologies we will discuss possible data rates that can be achieved over the next decade by volumetric optical disk systems and discuss their potential applications.
{"title":"Parallel data transfer from 3-D memories","authors":"S. Esener, F. Mccormick","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.565175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.565175","url":null,"abstract":"In this presentation we will discuss possible optoelectronic packaging technologies that can provide the much needed compactness and light weight to future parallel readout optical heads. Based on the characteristics of these technologies we will discuss possible data rates that can be achieved over the next decade by volumetric optical disk systems and discuss their potential applications.","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123512884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.571564
D. Atwood
The end ofthe Cold War offers an unprecedented opportunity to move defense technology into the arena of the commercial information age. One example of this conversion is Raytheon's Wide Area Surveillance (WAS) initiative, designed to provide information products to the public and governmental agencies of developing nations. Specifically, the WAS system integrates sensors, storage technology, data fusion techniques, and rule-based reasoning tools into a system capable of converting raw data from disparate sources into the products needed to support: environmental monitoring and protection; national resource development; economic development; and national sovereignty. A real-world application of this process is the WAS program designed to assist the Brazilian government with the sustainable development of the Amazon rain forest. The goal of this presentation is to address the objectives and methods of Wide Area Surveillance programs. The size and complexity of Brazil's System for the Vigilance of the Amazon (SIVAM) will offer an excellent forum for discussing the challenges of data acquisition, sensor fusion, system integration, and program financing in developing nations. The SIVAM program addresses issues such as illegal mining, deforestation, air and water pollution, protection of indigenous peoples, land use, smuggling, and narcotics trafficking.
{"title":"Global resource management: a systems approach to environmental problems","authors":"D. Atwood","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.571564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.571564","url":null,"abstract":"The end ofthe Cold War offers an unprecedented opportunity to move defense technology into the arena of the commercial information age. One example of this conversion is Raytheon's Wide Area Surveillance (WAS) initiative, designed to provide information products to the public and governmental agencies of developing nations. Specifically, the WAS system integrates sensors, storage technology, data fusion techniques, and rule-based reasoning tools into a system capable of converting raw data from disparate sources into the products needed to support: environmental monitoring and protection; national resource development; economic development; and national sovereignty. A real-world application of this process is the WAS program designed to assist the Brazilian government with the sustainable development of the Amazon rain forest. The goal of this presentation is to address the objectives and methods of Wide Area Surveillance programs. The size and complexity of Brazil's System for the Vigilance of the Amazon (SIVAM) will offer an excellent forum for discussing the challenges of data acquisition, sensor fusion, system integration, and program financing in developing nations. The SIVAM program addresses issues such as illegal mining, deforestation, air and water pollution, protection of indigenous peoples, land use, smuggling, and narcotics trafficking.","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124014329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.571625
N. Brooks, J. Sarma, I. Middlemast
A compact model for tapered-geometry optical sources has been developed using perturbation analysis to evaluate carrier-induced changes to modal propagation constants. Results for novel, parabolically-tapered devices demonstrate their merit as high-power semiconductor laser sources.
{"title":"A new design for tapered-geometry high-power semiconductor optical sources","authors":"N. Brooks, J. Sarma, I. Middlemast","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.571625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.571625","url":null,"abstract":"A compact model for tapered-geometry optical sources has been developed using perturbation analysis to evaluate carrier-induced changes to modal propagation constants. Results for novel, parabolically-tapered devices demonstrate their merit as high-power semiconductor laser sources.","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124624361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.565249
A. Stentz
The extensive work on Raman amplifiers conducted in the mid 1980's abruptly ended with the advent of erbium doped fiber amplifiers. However, recent advances in high power fiber lasers have enabled the construction of the practical pump lasers needed to pump Raman amplifiers, thereby renewing interest in this versatile technology. In this paper, we describe the technologies that have made this revival possible and review recent progress in Raman fiber amplifiers, discrete and distributed, analog and digital, at both 1.3 and 1.5 /spl mu/m.
{"title":"The revival of Raman amplifiers","authors":"A. Stentz","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.565249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.565249","url":null,"abstract":"The extensive work on Raman amplifiers conducted in the mid 1980's abruptly ended with the advent of erbium doped fiber amplifiers. However, recent advances in high power fiber lasers have enabled the construction of the practical pump lasers needed to pump Raman amplifiers, thereby renewing interest in this versatile technology. In this paper, we describe the technologies that have made this revival possible and review recent progress in Raman fiber amplifiers, discrete and distributed, analog and digital, at both 1.3 and 1.5 /spl mu/m.","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124638054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.571793
R. Sabella, E. Iannone
The introduction of an optical path layer in the transport network allows the improving of the transport nodes processing capability, through wavelength routing , besides increase in point-to-point transmission capacity granted by wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technique. A generic node of a transport network could be designed as an optical crossconnect (OXC) interfacing a digital cross-connect (DXC). In this paper we distinguish between low, medium and high degree of modularity, and discuss the modularity for some relevant OXC architectures. Moreover a new highly modular OXC architecture is proposed.
{"title":"Modularity requirements for optical cross-connects in transport networks","authors":"R. Sabella, E. Iannone","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.571793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.571793","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of an optical path layer in the transport network allows the improving of the transport nodes processing capability, through wavelength routing , besides increase in point-to-point transmission capacity granted by wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technique. A generic node of a transport network could be designed as an optical crossconnect (OXC) interfacing a digital cross-connect (DXC). In this paper we distinguish between low, medium and high degree of modularity, and discuss the modularity for some relevant OXC architectures. Moreover a new highly modular OXC architecture is proposed.","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124664829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.565150
J. Hsu, E. B. McDaniel, L. Goldner, R. J. Tonucci, E. L. Shirley, G. Bryant
We probe the optical mode structure of a two-dimensional triangular photonic crystal using a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM). Light from the subwavelength NSOM aperture was coupled through the nanochannel glass (NCG) array photonic crystal and collected in the far-field using a microscope objective. The optical intensity variations as a function of positions in a unit cell were recorded as the sample was moved with respect to the NSOM aperture. We varied the excitation frequency of the NSOM light and the collection objective numerical aperture (NA), in order to distinguish the relation between reciprocal lattice wave-vectors and the transverse momenta of the photons responsible for the NSOM image.
{"title":"Probing optical mode structures in a photonic crystal using a near-field scanning optical microscope","authors":"J. Hsu, E. B. McDaniel, L. Goldner, R. J. Tonucci, E. L. Shirley, G. Bryant","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.565150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.565150","url":null,"abstract":"We probe the optical mode structure of a two-dimensional triangular photonic crystal using a near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM). Light from the subwavelength NSOM aperture was coupled through the nanochannel glass (NCG) array photonic crystal and collected in the far-field using a microscope objective. The optical intensity variations as a function of positions in a unit cell were recorded as the sample was moved with respect to the NSOM aperture. We varied the excitation frequency of the NSOM light and the collection objective numerical aperture (NA), in order to distinguish the relation between reciprocal lattice wave-vectors and the transverse momenta of the photons responsible for the NSOM image.","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129782342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.571652
M. Ediger, G. Pettit
Summary form only given. Although excimer laser refractive surgery has been available in the United States for a year-and longer elsewhere-the fundamental mechanisms of photoablation are still not fully understood. Consequently, the motivation for corneal ablation research at FDA has been to more fully describe the underlying laser-tissue interactions occurring in ultraviolet laser photoablation. Our investigations have explored the implications of laser-induced-fluorescence on the lens, DNA damage due to ultraviolet radiation and free-radical production. Studies have also been performed to evaluate the pulse-to-pulse stability of ablation, "incubation", and the effects of ablation site hydration. Time-resolved reflectivity and transmission measurements have demonstrated dynamic alteration of the optical properties of the ablation site during the laser pulse. Characteristics of the ablation plume including particle size, velocity and volume fraction have been determined by time-resolved Mie scattering measurements. Also, the values for the index of refraction and absorption coefficient (small-signal) of cornea have been obtained by critical angle reflectometry. The results of these studies are reviewed and their clinical implications discussed.
{"title":"Corneal ablation research at the FDA","authors":"M. Ediger, G. Pettit","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.571652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.571652","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Although excimer laser refractive surgery has been available in the United States for a year-and longer elsewhere-the fundamental mechanisms of photoablation are still not fully understood. Consequently, the motivation for corneal ablation research at FDA has been to more fully describe the underlying laser-tissue interactions occurring in ultraviolet laser photoablation. Our investigations have explored the implications of laser-induced-fluorescence on the lens, DNA damage due to ultraviolet radiation and free-radical production. Studies have also been performed to evaluate the pulse-to-pulse stability of ablation, \"incubation\", and the effects of ablation site hydration. Time-resolved reflectivity and transmission measurements have demonstrated dynamic alteration of the optical properties of the ablation site during the laser pulse. Characteristics of the ablation plume including particle size, velocity and volume fraction have been determined by time-resolved Mie scattering measurements. Also, the values for the index of refraction and absorption coefficient (small-signal) of cornea have been obtained by critical angle reflectometry. The results of these studies are reviewed and their clinical implications discussed.","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129583266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.565285
Yao Li
Reflection based side couplings into or out of glass fibers were reported using either fusion splicing of graded index fiber or using mechanical cutting methods. However, the availability of polymer optical fibers (POFs) makes it possible to further simplify mirror preparation operations so that massive production of such low cost side couplers is feasible. Both the conventional reflection and the total internal reflection can easily be implemented through mirrors formed inside a POF using mechanical or other types of etching techniques. We show two conventional micro-mirrors which an embedded into a POF through a serious of microcutting, masking, metallic coating, and polymer refilling. A mirror can be formed either by satisfying the total internal reflection condition of the etched interface or by metal deposition using a conventional metallic mirror coating process.
{"title":"Side-coupling of polymer optical fibers and its applications","authors":"Yao Li","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.565285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.565285","url":null,"abstract":"Reflection based side couplings into or out of glass fibers were reported using either fusion splicing of graded index fiber or using mechanical cutting methods. However, the availability of polymer optical fibers (POFs) makes it possible to further simplify mirror preparation operations so that massive production of such low cost side couplers is feasible. Both the conventional reflection and the total internal reflection can easily be implemented through mirrors formed inside a POF using mechanical or other types of etching techniques. We show two conventional micro-mirrors which an embedded into a POF through a serious of microcutting, masking, metallic coating, and polymer refilling. A mirror can be formed either by satisfying the total internal reflection condition of the etched interface or by metal deposition using a conventional metallic mirror coating process.","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127308555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1996-11-18DOI: 10.1109/LEOS.1996.571590
S. Mitsugi, F. Koyama, A. Matutani, T. Miyamoto, K. Iga
Summary form only given. In this paper, we present a model of polygonal shaped ring cavities for reducing a scattering loss as well as for resonant mode control. An optimal cavity design will be discussed to realize a high finesse micro-ring semiconductor cavity.
{"title":"A design of polygonal micro-ring cavities for photonic integrated circuits","authors":"S. Mitsugi, F. Koyama, A. Matutani, T. Miyamoto, K. Iga","doi":"10.1109/LEOS.1996.571590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEOS.1996.571590","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. In this paper, we present a model of polygonal shaped ring cavities for reducing a scattering loss as well as for resonant mode control. An optimal cavity design will be discussed to realize a high finesse micro-ring semiconductor cavity.","PeriodicalId":332726,"journal":{"name":"Conference Proceedings LEOS'96 9th Annual Meeting IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127207266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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