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DC-side stability analysis of grid-tied converter with different control modes based on electrical torque analysis 基于电转矩分析的不同控制方式并网变流器直流侧稳定性分析
IF 2.4 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-08-06 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12110
Xu Zhang, Yujun Li, Jiapeng Li, Ting Wu, Songhao Yang, Zhiguo Hao

The DC-side stability of the grid-tied converter under different control modes is fully investigated using electrical torque analysis. The small-signal model of a single converter connected to an ideal DC bus under various control modes is formulated. Accordingly, the damping and synchronising coefficient contributed by the DC network and controllers of grid-tied converter are separately accessed using the electrical torque analysis method and the stabilising conditions of the grid-tied converter operating under different control modes are further derived. The system stability mainly corresponds with DC network dynamics under constant active power control mode. On the contrary, the grid-tied converter under constant DC-link voltage control mode has no stability problem. Generally, elevating the DC-link capacitance or decreasing the droop gain can greatly improve the stability margin reserve of the VSC-HVDC links. In addition, the control gains of the classical PQ controller are proven to have limited impacts on DC-side system stability. Finally, the results of numerical simulation prove the validity of the proposed stability analysis method and the stable boundary for the grid-tied converter with different control modes.

利用电转矩分析方法对不同控制模式下并网变流器的直流侧稳定性进行了全面研究。在各种控制模式下,建立了连接到理想直流母线的单个变换器的小信号模型。在此基础上,利用电转矩分析方法分别获得了直流网络和并网变流器控制器所贡献的阻尼和同步系数,并进一步推导了不同控制模式下并网变流器的稳定条件。在恒有功控制模式下,系统稳定性主要与直流网络动态相对应。而恒直流电压控制模式下的并网变换器则没有稳定性问题。一般来说,提高直流链路电容或降低垂增益可以大大提高直流直流链路的稳定裕量储备。此外,经典PQ控制器的控制增益被证明对直流侧系统稳定性的影响有限。最后,数值仿真结果验证了所提稳定性分析方法的有效性,并给出了不同控制模式下并网变换器的稳定边界。
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引用次数: 0
System value assessment method of energy storage system for multi-services of power system considering battery degradation 考虑电池退化的电力系统多业务储能系统系统价值评估方法
IF 2.4 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-27 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12109
Yinguo Yang, Yenan Wang, Qiuyu Lu, Guangchun Ruan, Yingming Lin, Xuan Wang, Pingping Xie, Haiwang Zhong

The energy storage system (ESS) is a promising technology to address issues caused by the large-scale deployment of renewable energy. Deploying ESS is a business decision that requires potential revenue assessment. Current value assessment methods focus on the energy storage owner or the electricity utility. The system value of the ESS needs to be fully considered to gain a broad understanding of benefits across the whole power system. Thus, this study proposes a system value assessment method of grid-integrated ESS to quantify the total system value-avoided cost based on an improved DC power flow model considering transmission losses. Four typical applications (production cost saving, upgrade deferral, environmental benefit, and transmission loss saving) are chosen to represent the system value of the ESS across the whole power system. In addition, the co-optimisation model considering the “source-grid-storage” coordination operation and battery capacity degradation, is proposed for peak shaving and frequency regulation based on the Chinese power market rule. The proposed method is tested in simulation and experimental studies.

储能系统(ESS)是解决可再生能源大规模部署所带来的问题的一项有前途的技术。部署ESS是一项业务决策,需要对潜在收入进行评估。目前的价值评估方法主要针对储能业主或电力公司。需要充分考虑ESS的系统价值,以在整个电力系统中获得广泛的利益理解。因此,本文提出了一种基于改进的考虑输电损耗的直流潮流模型的并网ESS系统价值评估方法,以量化系统总价值避免成本。选择节约生产成本、延迟升级、环境效益和节约传输损耗四种典型应用来代表ESS在整个电力系统中的系统价值。此外,基于中国电力市场规律,提出了考虑“源-网-储”协同运行和电池容量退化的协同优化模型,用于调峰调频。该方法在仿真和实验研究中得到了验证。
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引用次数: 0
Sizing, economic, and reliability analysis of photovoltaics and energy storage for an off-grid power system in Jordan 约旦离网电力系统光伏和储能的规模、经济和可靠性分析
IF 2.4 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-11 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12108
William Seward, Lixun Chi, Meysam Qadrdan, Adib Allahham, Khaled Alawasa

Remote areas in Jordan often rely on expensive and polluting diesel generators to meet their electricity demand. This study investigates 100% renewable solutions to supply the electricity demand of off-grid energy systems through optimal sizing of photovoltaics and energy storage systems. A linear programming approach is proposed to minimise the annualised cost of electricity supply including capital costs of equipment and their operation and maintenance costs. The optimisation determines the size of photovoltaics and energy storage required to satisfy electricity demand at every hour of a selected year. A Jordan campsite was used as a case study to assess and compare the performance of PV-battery storage and PV-hydrogen storage systems from economic and reliability perspectives. The results show that hydrogen storage was more economical for a 100% renewable energy system. However, introducing some diesel generation gave the battery system a significantly lower annualised cost of energy.

约旦的偏远地区经常依靠昂贵且污染严重的柴油发电机来满足电力需求。本研究调查了100%可再生解决方案,通过优化光伏和储能系统的规模来满足离网能源系统的电力需求。提出了一种线性规划方法,以最大限度地降低电力供应的年度成本,包括设备的资本成本及其运营和维护成本。优化确定了满足选定年份每小时电力需求所需的光伏和储能规模。约旦营地作为案例研究,从经济和可靠性角度评估和比较光伏电池存储和光伏储氢系统的性能。结果表明,对于100%可再生能源系统来说,储氢更经济。然而,引入一些柴油发电使电池系统的年能源成本显著降低。
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引用次数: 0
Distributed robust operation strategy of multi-microgrid based on peer-to-peer multi-energy trading 基于点对点多能交易的多微电网分布式鲁棒运行策略
IF 2.4 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12107
Jin Gao, Zhenguo Shao, Feixiong Chen, Yuchao Chen, Yongqi Lin, Hongjie Deng

In microgrid (MG) systems, traditional centralised energy trading models can lead to issues such as low energy efficiency due to unstable energy supply and lack of flexibility. Peer-to-peer (P2P) trading models have been widely used due to their advantages in promoting the sustainable development of renewable energy and reducing energy trading costs. However, P2P multi-energy trading requires mutual agreements between two microgrids (MGs), and the uncertainties of renewable energy and load affects energy supply security. To address these issues, this article proposed a distributed robust operation strategy based on P2P multi-energy trading for multi-microgrid (MMG) systems. Firstly, a two-stage robust optimisation (TRO) method was adopted to consider the uncertainties of P2P multi-energy trading between MGs, which reduced the conservatism of robust optimisation (RO). Secondly, a TRO model for P2P multi-energy trading among MGs was established based on the Nash bargaining theory, where each MG negotiates with others based on their energy contributions in the cooperation. Additionally, a distributed algorithm was used to protect the privacy of each MG. Finally, the simulation results based on three MGs showed that the proposed approach can achieve a fair distribution of cooperative interests and effectively promote cooperation among MGs.

在微电网(MG)系统中,传统的集中式能源交易模式会因能源供应不稳定和缺乏灵活性而导致能源效率低下等问题。点对点(P2P)交易模式因其在促进可再生能源可持续发展和降低能源交易成本方面的优势而得到广泛应用。然而,P2P 多能源交易需要两个微电网(MG)之间达成相互协议,而且可再生能源和负荷的不确定性会影响能源供应的安全性。针对这些问题,本文提出了一种基于 P2P 多能源交易的多微网(MMG)系统分布式稳健运行策略。首先,采用两阶段鲁棒优化(TRO)方法考虑了多微网之间 P2P 多能源交易的不确定性,降低了鲁棒优化(RO)的保守性。其次,基于纳什讨价还价理论,建立了 MG 之间 P2P 多能源交易的 TRO 模型,即每个 MG 根据其在合作中的能源贡献与其他 MG 进行协商。此外,还使用了分布式算法来保护每个 MG 的隐私。最后,基于三个 MG 的仿真结果表明,所提出的方法可以实现合作利益的公平分配,并有效促进 MG 之间的合作。
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引用次数: 1
Decoupling and dimension reduction method for distribution system security region 配电系统安全区域解耦降维方法
IF 2.4 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12105
Jun Xiao, Yuhao Fan, Xun Jiang
The application of the security region methodology in a practical distribution system with large scale normally requires large computer memory and high computation time. To overcome this problem, this article proposes a decoupling and dimension reduction method, which can significantly accelerate the calculation of distribution system security region (DSSR) and is important for the application of the DSSR theory in large ‐ scale distribution systems. First, the definition of DSSR dimension reflecting the size of so-lution space and the time complexity is proposed. And the solution algorithm for DSSR dimension is also given. Second, a decoupling and dimension reduction method suitable for the analysis of DSSR is proposed. Following the method, an incidence matrix can be obtained from the DSSR expressions, which can be further divided into multiple block matrices. According to the feeder combinations of the block matrices, the distribution system can be decoupled into multiple sub ‐ networks for more efficient analysis. Finally, a 10kV distribution network is used in case study to validate the proposed method. The results for a time ‐ consuming calculation, that is, TSC curve calculation, show that the proposed method can reduce the computation time significantly, making the time ‐ consuming calculation suitable for the analysis of large ‐ scale cases.
安全区域方法在实际大型配电系统中的应用通常需要较大的计算机内存和较高的计算时间。为了克服这一问题,本文提出了一种解耦降维方法,该方法可以显著加快配电系统安全区域的计算速度,对配电系统安全区域理论在大型配电系统中的应用具有重要意义。首先,定义了反映求解空间大小和时间复杂度的DSSR维数;并给出了DSSR维数的求解算法。其次,提出了一种适合于DSSR分析的解耦降维方法。根据该方法,可以从DSSR表达式中得到关联矩阵,该关联矩阵可以进一步划分为多个块矩阵。根据分块矩阵的馈线组合,可以将配电系统解耦成多个子网络,以提高分析效率。最后,以10kV配电网为例,验证了该方法的有效性。对于耗时的TSC曲线计算结果表明,该方法可以显著减少计算时间,使耗时的计算适合于大规模情况的分析。
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引用次数: 0
Decoupling and dimension reduction method for distribution system security region 配电系统安全区域的解耦降维方法
IF 2.4 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-09 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12105
Jun Xiao, Yuhao Fan, Xun Jiang

The application of the security region methodology in a practical distribution system with large scale normally requires large computer memory and high computation time. To overcome this problem, this article proposes a decoupling and dimension reduction method, which can significantly accelerate the calculation of distribution system security region (DSSR) and is important for the application of the DSSR theory in large-scale distribution systems. First, the definition of DSSR dimension reflecting the size of solution space and the time complexity is proposed. And the solution algorithm for DSSR dimension is also given. Second, a decoupling and dimension reduction method suitable for the analysis of DSSR is proposed. Following the method, an incidence matrix can be obtained from the DSSR expressions, which can be further divided into multiple block matrices. According to the feeder combinations of the block matrices, the distribution system can be decoupled into multiple sub-networks for more efficient analysis. Finally, a 10kV distribution network is used in case study to validate the proposed method. The results for a time-consuming calculation, that is, TSC curve calculation, show that the proposed method can reduce the computation time significantly, making the time-consuming calculation suitable for the analysis of large-scale cases.

安全区域法在大规模实际配电系统中的应用通常需要大量的计算机内存和较高的计算时间。为了克服这一问题,本文提出了一种解耦降维方法,该方法可以显著加快配电系统安全区域(DSSR)的计算,对DSSR理论在大型配电系统中的应用具有重要意义。首先,给出了反映解空间大小和时间复杂度的DSSR维数的定义。并给出了DSSR维数的求解算法。其次,提出了一种适用于DSSR分析的解耦降维方法。根据该方法,可以从DSSR表达式中获得关联矩阵,该关联矩阵可以进一步划分为多个块矩阵。根据块矩阵的馈线组合,可以将配电系统解耦为多个子网络,以进行更有效的分析。最后,以10kV配电网为例对该方法进行了验证。对一个耗时的计算,即TSC曲线计算的结果表明,该方法可以显著减少计算时间,使耗时的计算适合于大型案例的分析。
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引用次数: 0
Real-time voltage control of electric spring in islanded condition 孤岛状态下电弹簧的实时电压控制
IF 2.4 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-06 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12104
Deepsikha Panda, Pratim Kundu, Bharat Singh Rajpurohit

Islanded microgrid network is sensitive to voltage and frequency fluctuations which becomes more vulnerable in the presence of external disturbance and the intermittent nature of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs). The “Electric Spring” (ES) is one of the most effective and efficient solutions for enhancing operational flexibility and RESs integration. A Self-Excited Induction Generator (SEIG) based Micro hydro system with ES, non-critical and critical loads is considered. Both non-critical and critical loads are connected in 2:1 ratio in parallel with SEIG. The concept of voltage-sensitive and non-sensitive loads and the “power demand following the supply” idea have been incorporated for pointing up the contribution of ES. The non-critical load coupled with a three-phase inverter acts like an ES and can be operated as a Smart Load (SL). SL can compensate the voltage deviation between demand-supply side, therefore mitigating the voltage fluctuations. The effectiveness of ES in terms of voltage regulation at the point of standard coupling has been achieved which improved the overall voltage profile of the hybrid microgrid system which can be observed from various test cases. A hardware in loop microgrid experimental platform is established and its results highlight the excellent performance of the proposed method.

孤岛微电网对电压和频率波动非常敏感,在存在外部干扰和可再生能源间歇性的情况下变得更加脆弱。“电子弹簧”(ES)是提高操作灵活性和RESs集成的最有效和高效的解决方案之一。研究了一种具有ES、非临界负荷和临界负荷的基于自激感应发电机(SEIG)的微水电系统。非关键和关键负载都以2:1的比例与SEIG并联。电压敏感和非敏感负载的概念以及“电力需求随供应”的思想被纳入,以指出ES的贡献。与三相逆变器耦合的非关键负载类似于ES,可以作为智能负载(SL)运行。SL可以补偿供需侧的电压偏差,从而缓解电压波动。ES在标准耦合点电压调节方面的有效性得到了实现,从而改善了混合微电网系统的整体电压分布,这可以从各种测试案例中观察到。建立了硬件环内微电网实验平台,实验结果表明了该方法的优良性能。
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引用次数: 0
Trilateral control for LCL filter-based system with single grid current sensor in weak grid 弱电网中基于LCL滤波器的单栅电流传感器系统的三边控制
IF 2.4 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12106
Khushboo Kumari, Amit Kumar Jain

A trilateral control for LCL filter-based system is introduced by the authors with a single grid current sensor in weak grid conditions. The LCL filter increases the complexity when the uncertain nature of the grid comes into the picture. Moreover, the traditional three-loop control technique requires three current sensors on the inverter side, three voltage sensors to sense voltage across the capacitor, and three current sensors on the grid side combined for sensing. A novel trilateral control technique utilising a single sensor is implemented to sense the grid current. This technique has reduced a considerable number of current sensors and voltage sensors. The α axis of grid current is proportional to sensed ‘a’ phase grid current. The β current in the utility grid is acquired by employing the controller reference quantities of the grid current. The computation of another variable, that is, the current in the inverter side inductor and the voltage across the capacitor, is executed by an estimation algorithm. The proposed technique provides the feature of reducing implementation financial value and weight that reduces the complexity and size of hardware. The synchronisation technique is executed by a modified dual second-order generalised integrator digital phase-locked loop for the grid-connected converter. The implemented system offers the advantage of ease of implementation, good performance, and high stability. The validity of the proposed scheme in the implemented system is demonstrated by the simulated waveform obtained on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed system is further justified by the experimental waveform procured from a prototype developed in the laboratory.

作者介绍了一种基于 LCL 滤波器的三边控制系统,在弱电网条件下使用单个电网电流传感器。当电网出现不确定性时,LCL 滤波器会增加复杂性。此外,传统的三环控制技术需要在逆变器侧安装三个电流传感器、三个电压传感器来检测电容器上的电压,以及在电网侧安装三个电流传感器来进行检测。新颖的三边控制技术利用单个传感器来感应电网电流。该技术减少了大量电流传感器和电压传感器。电网电流的 α 轴与感应到的 "a "相电网电流成正比。公用电网中的β电流是通过使用电网电流的控制器参考量获得的。另一个变量,即逆变器侧电感器中的电流和电容器上的电压,则通过估算算法进行计算。所提出的技术具有降低实施财务价值和重量的特点,从而减少了硬件的复杂性和大小。同步技术由并网转换器的改进型双二阶广义积分器数字锁相环执行。所实现的系统具有易于实施、性能良好和稳定性高等优点。在 MATLAB/Simulink 平台上获得的仿真波形证明了所提方案在所实施系统中的有效性。最后,从实验室开发的原型获得的实验波形进一步证明了所提系统的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
A Mixed integer linear programming-based distributed energy management for networked microgrids considering network operational objectives and constraints 考虑网络运营目标和约束的基于混合整数线性规划的网络微电网分布式能源管理
IF 2.4 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-05-30 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12103
Guodong Liu, Maximiliano F. Ferrari, Yang Chen

Mixed integer linear programming (MILP)–based distributed energy management for networked microgrids embedded modern distribution systems is proposed. Considering the diverse ownership of microgrids, distributed energy resources (DERs) that interface directly with utilities and responsive loads, an alternating direction method of multipliers–based distributed framework was formulated for the scheduling of networked microgrids embedded modern distribution systems by adjusting nodal price signals iteratively. In addition, to make the formulated optimization problems resolvable through more accessible and popular MILP solvers, different linearisation techniques were employed to transform the nonlinear terms into linear or mixed integer linear formats. The proposed MILP-based distributed method preserves all participants' autonomy (e.g., microgrids, DERs that interface directly with utilities and responsive loads), while incentivising them to actively participate in the distribution system operation with price signals. The proposed method is validated with results of numerical simulation using a modern distribution system consisting of multiple networked microgrids, DERs that interface directly with utilities, as well as responsive loads.

提出了基于混合整数线性规划(MILP)的网络化微电网嵌入式现代配电系统分布式能源管理方法。考虑到微电网、与公用事业直接接口的分布式能源(DERs)和响应性负荷的不同所有权,通过迭代调整节点价格信号,提出了一种基于乘数的分布式框架交替方向方法,用于嵌入式现代配电系统的网络化微电网调度。此外,为了使公式中的优化问题可以通过更易于访问和流行的MILP求解器来求解,采用了不同的线性化技术将非线性项转换为线性或混合整数线性格式。提出的基于milp的分布式方法保留了所有参与者的自主权(例如,微电网,直接与公用事业和响应负载接口的der),同时通过价格信号激励他们积极参与分配系统的运行。采用由多个网络微电网、直接与公用事业接口的分布式电源以及响应负载组成的现代配电系统进行了数值模拟,验证了所提方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Risk-return optimised energy asset allocation in transmission-distribution system using tangency portfolio and Black–Litterman model 使用相切投资组合和Black–Litterman模型优化输电配电系统中的风险收益能源资产配置
IF 2.4 Q1 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1049/esi2.12102
Jisma M, Vivek Mohan, Mini Shaji Thomas

The application of Markowitz and tangency portfolio and Black–Litterman models is extended by the authors to energy portfolio selection in transmission-distribution environments with high penetration of renewable energy. As Transmission System Operator (TSO) and Distribution System Operator (DSO) contextually take mutualistic or conflicting positions in their portfolio selection process, their risk-return interactions and behaviours depend on their subjective views on generation and operation. Here, the financial portfolio allocation tool Black–Litterman Model is adapted to incorporate subjective views of the operators to arrive at more intuitive portfolios. The best portfolios are searched within the acceptable risk-return search space of each operator defined by their Markowitz efficient frontiers (EF), for Pareto-optimising their profits. The tangency portfolio approach, which is generally used to determine the portfolio of risky and risk-free assets in finance, is used here to determine the portfolio of renewable (energy-risky) and fuel-based sources (energy-risk-free). The proposed methodology is adopted in an HV–MV interconnected test system operated by one TSO and two DSOs, having wind, solar, coal, gas and nuclear generation technologies. It is observed that completely customisable portfolios can be constructed for TSO and DSO based on their inherent financial and energy risk-return behaviours and posterior views.

将Markowitz和切线投资组合模型以及Black-Litterman模型推广到可再生能源高渗透率输配环境下的能源组合选择中。由于输电系统运营商(TSO)和配电系统运营商(DSO)在其投资组合选择过程中采取互惠或冲突的立场,他们的风险回报相互作用和行为取决于他们对发电和运营的主观看法。在这里,金融投资组合配置工具Black-Litterman模型进行了调整,纳入了操作者的主观观点,以获得更直观的投资组合。在由Markowitz有效边界(EF)定义的每个运营商的可接受风险回报搜索空间内搜索最佳投资组合,以实现其利润的帕累托优化。切线投资组合方法通常用于确定金融领域的风险资产和无风险资产的投资组合,这里用于确定可再生能源(有能源风险)和基于燃料的资源(无能源风险)的投资组合。所提出的方法被采用在由一个TSO和两个dso操作的高压-中压互连测试系统中,该系统具有风能、太阳能、煤炭、天然气和核能发电技术。观察到,基于TSO和DSO固有的财务和能源风险回报行为以及后验观点,可以构建完全可定制的投资组合。
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引用次数: 0
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